Samatva Yoga aur Anya Yoga

Author(s): Sagarmal Jain
Publisher: Prachya Vidyapith Shajapur
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/003605/1

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samatva yoga aura anya yoga asA lekhaka DaoN. sAgaramala jaina Jain EomkAzaka: prAcya vidyA pILa. zAjApura (ma.pra.)ary.org

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samatvayoga 1. jaina-sAdhanA kA kendrIya-tattva samatva-yoga samatva kI sAdhanA hI sampUrNa AcAra-darzana kA sAra hai| AcAragata saba vidhi-niSedha aura prayAsa isI ke lie haiM / jahA~-jahA~ jIvana hai, cetanA hai, vahA~-vahA~ samatva banAe rakhane ke prayAsa dRSTigocara hote haiN| caitasika-jIvana kA mUla svabhAva yaha hai ki vaha bAhya evaM Antarika uttejanAoM evaM saMvedanAoM se utpanna vikSobhoM ko samApta kara sAmyAvasthA banAe rakhane kI koziza karatA hai| phrAyaDa likhate haiM ki caitasika-jIvana aura sambhavatayA snAyavika-jIvana kI bhI pramukha pravRtti hai - Antarika uddIpakoM ke tanAva ko samApta karanA evaM sAmyAvasthA ko banAe rakhane ke lie sadaiva prayAsazIla rhnaa|' eka laghu kITa bhI apane ko vAtAvaraNa se samAyojita karane kA prayAsa karatA hai| cetana kI svAbhAvika pravRtti hai ki vaha sadaiva samatva-kendra kI ora bar3hanA cAhatA hai| samatva ke hetu prayAsa karanA hI jIvana kA sAratattva hai|| satata zArIrika evaM prANamaya jIvana ke abhyAsa ke kAraNa cetana bAhya-uttejanAoM evaM saMvedanAoM se prabhAvita hone kI pravRtti vikasita kara letA hai| pariNAmasvarUpa, cetana jIvanopayogI anya padArthoM meM mamatva kA AropaNa kara apane sahaja samatva-kendra kA parityAga karatA hai| satata abhyAsa evaM sva-svarUpa kA ajJAna hI use samatva ke kendra se cyuta karake bAhya-padArthoM meM Asakta banA detA hai| cetana apane zuddha draSTAbhAva yA sAkSIpana ko bhUlakara bAhya vAtAvaraNajanya parivartanoM se apane ko prabhAvita samajhane lagatA hai| vaha zarIra, parivAra evaM saMsAra ke anya padArthoM ke prati mamatva rakhatA hai aura ina para padArthoM kI prApti-aprApti yA saMyoga-viyoga meM apane ko sukhI yA duHkhI mAnatA hai| usameM 'para' ke prati AkarSaNa yA vikarSaNa kA bhAva utpanna hotA hai| vaha 'para' ke sAtha rAgAtmaka-sambandha sthApita karanA cAhatA hai| isI rAgAtmaka-sambandha se vaha bandhana yA duHkha ko prApta hotA hai| para' meM Atma-buddhi se prANI meM asaMkhya icchAoM, vAsanAoM, kAmanAoM evaM udvegoM kA janma hotA hai| prANI inake vazIbhUta hokara inakI pUrti va tRpti ke lie sadaiva Akula banA rahatA hai| yaha AkulatA hI usake duHkha kA mUla kAraNa hai / yadyapi vaha icchAoM kI pUrti ke dvArA unheM zAnta karanA cAhatA hai, parantu naI-naI kAmanAoM ke utpanna hote rahane se vaha sadaiva hI Akula yA azAnta banA rahatA hai aura bAhya-jagat meM unakI pUrti ke lie mArA-mArA phiratA hai| yaha Asakti yA rAga na kevala use samatva ke svakendra se cyuta karatA hai, varan use bAhya-padArthoM ke AkarSaNa-kSetra meM khIMcakara usameM eka tanAva bhI utpanna kara detA hai aura isase cetanA do kendroM meM ba~Ta jAtI hai| AcArAMgasUtra meM kahA hai, yaha manuSya anekacitta hai, arthAt anekAneka kAmanAoM ke kAraNa manuSya kA mana bikharA huA rahatA hai| vaha apanI kAmanAoM kI pUrti kyA karanA cAhatA hai, eka taraha se chalanI ko jala se bharanA cAhatA hai| ina do staroM para samatvayoga aura anya yoga : 1

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cetanA meM doharA saMgharSa utpanna ho jAtA hai- 1. cetanA ke AdarzAtmaka aura vAsanAtmaka-pakSoM meM (ise manovijJAna meM IDa' aura 'supara igo' kA saMgharSa kahA hai) tathA 2. hamAre vAsanAtmaka pakSa kA usa bAhya-pariveza ke sAtha, jisameM vaha apanI vAsanAoM kI pUrti cAhatA hai| isa vikendrIkaraNa aura tajjanita saMgharSa meM AtmA kI sArI zaktiyA~ bikhara jAtI haiM, kuNThita ho jAtI haiN| naitika-sAdhanA kA kArya isI saMgharSa ko samApta kara cetana-samatva ko yathAvat kara denA hai, tAki usa kendrIkaraNa dvArA vaha apanI UrjAoM ko jor3akara Atmazakti kA yathArtha prakaTana kara ske| eka anya dRSTi se vicAra kareM, to hama bAhya-jagat meM rasa lene ke lie jaise hI usameM apanA AropaNa karate haiM , vaise hI eka prakAra kA dvaita prakaTa ho jAtA hai, jisameM hama apanepana kA AropaNa karate haiM, Asakti rakhate haiM, vaha hamAre lie 'sva' bana jAtA hai aura usase bhinna yA virodhI para' bana jAtA hai| AtmA kI samatva ke kendra se cyuti hI use ina 'sva' aura 'para' ke do vibhAgoM meM bA~Ta detI hai| naitika-cintana meM inheM hama kramazaH rAga aura dveSa kahate haiN| rAga AkarSaNa kA siddhAnta hai aura dveSa vikarSaNa kaa| apanA-parAyA, rAga-dveSa athavA AkarSaNavikarSaNa ke kAraNa hamArI cetanA meM sadaiva hI tanAva, saMgharSa athavA dvandva banA rahatA hai / yadyapi cetanA yA AtmA apanI svAbhAvika-zakti ke dvArA sadaiva sAmyAvasthA yA santulana banAne kA prayAsa karatI rahatI hai, lekina rAga evaM dveSa-kisI bhI sthAyI santulana kI avasthA ko sambhava nahIM hone dete| yahI kAraNa hai ki bhAratIya-naitikatA meM rAga-dveSa se Upara uThanA samyak jIvana kI anivArya zarta mAnI gaI hai| bhAratIya naitika-cintana sadaiva hI isa dRSTi se jAgarUka rahA hai| jaina-naitikatA kA vItarAgatA yA samatvayoga (samabhAva) kA Adarza aura bauddha-naitikatA kA samyak-samAdhi yA vItatRSNatA kA Adarza rAga-dveSa ke isa dvandva se Upara uThakara samatva (sAmyAvasthA) meM sthAI avasthiti hI hai / gItA kA naitika Adarza bhI isa dvandvAtIta sAmyAvasthA kI upalabdhi hai, kyoMki vahI abandhana kI avasthA hai| gItA ke anusAra icchA (rAga) evaM dveSa se samutpanna yaha dvandva hI ajJAna hai, moha hai| isa dvandva se Upara uThakara hI paramAtmA kI ArAdhanA sambhava hotI hai| jo isa dvandva se vimukta ho jAtA hai, vaha paramapada mokSa yA nirvANa ko prApta ho jAtA hai|' isa prakAra, rAga-dveSAtIta samatva-prApti kI dizA meM prayatna hI samAlocya AcAra-darzanoM kI naitika-sAdhanA kA kendrIya-tattva hai| 2. jaina-AcAradarzana meM samatva-yoga __jaina-vicAra meM naitika evaM AdhyAtmika-sAdhanA ke mArga ko samatva-yoga kaha sakate haiN| ise jaina-paribhASita zabdAvalI meM sAmAyika kahA jAtA hai / samagra jaina naitika tathA AdhyAtmika-sAdhanA ko eka hI zabda ma samatva kI sAdhanA kaha sakate haiN| sAmAyika zabda sam 2 : samatvayoga aura anya yoga

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upasargapUrvaka ay dhAtu se banA hai| ay dhAtu ke tIna artha haiM - jJAna, gamana aura prApaNa / jJAna zabda viveka-buddhi kA, gamana zabda AcaraNa yA kriyA kA aura prApaNa zabda prApti yA upalabdha dyotaka hai| sam upasarga unakI samyak yA ucitatA kA bodha karAtA hai / samyak kI prApti hI samyaktva yA samyakdarzana hai / kucha vicArakoM ke anusAra samyak - kriyAvidhi - pakSa meM samyakcAritra aura bhAvapakSa meM samyagdarzana (zraddhA) hai| dUsare kucha vicArakoM kI dRSTi meM samyak - jJAna zabda meM darzana bhI antarnihita hai| sam kA eka artha rAgadveSa se atIta avasthA bhI hai aura ay dhAtu kA prApaNa yA prAptiparaka artha lene para usakA artha hogA-rAga-dveSa se atIta avasthA kI prApti, jo prakArAntara se mukti kA sUcaka hai| isa prakAra, sAmAyika (samatvayoga) zabda eka ora samyagjJAna, samyagdarzana aura samyakcAritra - rUpa trividha sAdhanA - patha ko apane meM samAhita kie hue hai, to dUsarI ora isa trividha sAdhanA-patha ke sAdhya (mukti) se bhI samanvita hai / - 1. AcArya bhadrabAhu ne Avazyakaniryukti meM sAmAyika ke tIna prakAra batAe haiM samyaktva - sAmAyika, 2. zruta - sAmAyika aura 3. cAritra - sAmAyika | cAritra - sAmAyika ke zramaNa aura gRhastha-sAdhakoM ke AcAra ke AdhAra para do bheda kie haiN|' samyaktva - sAmAyika kA artha samyagdarzana, zruta-sAmAyika kA artha samyagjJAna aura cAritra - sAmAyika kA artha samyakcAritra hai| inheM Adhunika manovaijJAnika bhASA meM cittavRtti kA samatva, buddhi kA samatva aura AcaraNa kA samatva kaha sakate haiN| isa prakAra, jaina- vicAra kA sAdhanA - patha vastutaH samatvayoga kI sAdhanA hI hai, jo mAnava - cetanA ke tIna pakSa-bhAva, jJAna aura saMkalpa ke AdhAra para trividha bana gayA hai / bhAva, jJAna aura saMkalpa ko sama banAne kA prayAsa hI samatva - yoga kI sAdhanA hai / jaina - darzana meM viSamatA (duHkha) kA kAraNa samatva - yadi hama yaha kaheM ki jainadharma ke anusAra jIvana kA sAdhya samatva kA saMsthApana hai, -yoga kI sAdhanA hai, to sabase pahale hameM yaha jAna lenA hai ki samatva se cyuti kA kAraNa kyA hai ? jaina-darzana meM mohajanita Asakti hI AtmA ke apane svakendra se cyuti kA kAraNa hai| AcArya kundakunda kA kathana hai ki moha-kSobha se rahita AtmA kI avasthA sama hai', arthAt moha aura kSobha se yukta cetanA yA AtmA kI avasthA hI viSamatA hai| paMDita sukhalAlajI kA kathana hai ki zArIrika evaM prANamaya jIvana ke abhyAsa ke kAraNa cetana apane sahaja samatva - kendra parityAga karatA hai / vaha jaise-jaise anya padArthoM meM rasa letA hai, vaise-vaise jIvanopayogI anya padArthoM meM apane astitva (mamatva) kA AropaNa karane lagatA hai| yaha usakA svayaM apane bAre meM moha yA ajJAna hai / yaha ajJAna hI use samatva - kendra meM se cyuta karake itara parimita vastuoM meM rasa lene vAlA banA detA hai| yaha rasa (Asakti) hI rAgadveSa jaise klezoM kA preraka tattva hai| isa taraha, citta kA vRtticakra ajJAna evaM klezoM ke AvaraNa se itanA adhika AvRtta evaM avaruddha ho jAtA hai ki usake kAraNa jIvana pravAha - patita hI banA rahatA hai - ajJAna, avidyA athavA moha, jise samatvayoga aura anya yoga 3

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jJeyAvaraNa bhI kahate haiM , cetanagata samatva-kendra ko hI AvRtta karatA hai, jabaki usameM paidA hone vAlA kleza-cakra, (rAgAdi bhAva) bAhya vastuoM meM hI pravRtta rahatA hai| sArI viSamatAe~ karma-janita haiM aura karma rAga-dveSajanita hai| isa prakAra, AtmA kA rAga-dveSa se yukta honA hI viSamatA hai, duHkha hai, vedanA hai aura yahI duHkha viSamatA kA kAraNa bhI hai| samatva yA rAga-dveSa se atIta avasthA AtmA kI svabhAva-dazA hai| rAga-dveSa se yukta honA vibhAva-dazA hai, parapariNati hai| isa prakAra parapariNati, vibhAva yA viSayabhAva kA kAraNa rAgAtmakatA yA Asakti hai / Asakti se prANI sva se bAhara cetanA se bhinna padArthoM yA parapadArthoM kI prApti yA aprApti meM sukha kI kalpanA karane lagatA hai| isa prakAra, cetana bAhya-kAraNoM se apane bhItara vicalana utpanna karatA hai, padArthoM ke saMyoga-viyoga yA lAbha-alAbha meM sukha-duHkha kI kalpanA karane lagatA hai| cittavRtti bahirmukha ho jAtI hai, sukha kI khoja meM bAhara bhaTakatI rahatI hai| yaha bahirmukha cittavRtti, cintA, AkulatA, vikSobha Adi utpanna karatI hai aura cetanA yA AtmA kA santulana bhaMga kara detI hai| yahI citta yA AtmA kI viSamAvasthA samagra doSoM evaM anaitika AcaraNoM kI janma-bhUmi hai| viSaya-bhAva yA rAga-dveSa hone se kAmanA, vAsanA, mUrchA, ahaMkAra, parAzrayatA, AkulatA, nirdayatA, saMkIrNatA, svArthaparatA, sukha-lolupatA Adi doSoM kI vRddhi hotI rahatI hai, jo vyakti, parivAra, samAja evaM vizva ke lie viSamatAoM kA kAraNa banatI hai| saMkIrNatA, svArthaparatA evaM sukhalolupatA ke kAraNa vyakti anya vyaktiyoM se yena-kena-prakAreNa apanA svArtha sAdhanA cAhatA hai| usake ina kRtyoM evaM pravRttiyoM se parijana, samAja, deza va vizva kA ahita hotA hai / pratikriyAsvarUpa, doharA saMgharSa paidA hotA hai / eka ora usakI vAsanAoM ke madhya Antarika saMgharSa calatA rahatA hai, to dUsarI ora usakA bAhya-vAtAvaraNa se, arthAt samAja, deza aura vizva se saMgharSa calatA rahatA hai| isI saMgharSa kI samApti ke lie aura viSamatAoM se Upara uThane ke lie samatvayoga kI sAdhanA Avazyaka hai| samatva-yoga rAga-dveSa-janya cetanA kI sabhI vikRtiyA~ dUra kara AtmA ko apanI svabhAva-dazA meM athavA usake apane sva-svarUpa meM pratiSThita karatA hai| jainadharma meM samatva-yoga kA mahatva samatva-yoga ke mahatva kA pratipAdana karate hue jainAgamoM meM kahA gayA hai ki vyakti cAhe digambara ho yA zvetAmbara, bauddha ho athavA anya kisI mata kA, jo bhI samabhAva meM sthita hogA, vaha nissaMdeha mokSa prApta kregaa| eka AdamI pratidina lAkha svarNa-mudrAoM kA dAna karatA hai aura dUsarA samatva-yoga kI sAdhanA karatA hai, kintu vaha svarNa-mudrAoM kA dAnI vyakti samatva-yoga ke sAdhaka kI samAnatA nahIM kara sktaa|1 karor3oM janma taka nirantara ugra tapazcaraNa karane vAlA sAdhaka jina karmoM ko naSTa nahIM kara sakatA, unako samabhAva kA sAdhaka mAtra Adhe hI kSaNa meM naSTa 4 : samatvayoga aura anya yoga

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kara DAlatA hai / " cAhe koI kitanA hI tIvra, tapa tape, japa jape athavA muni - veza dhAraNa kara sthUla kriyAkANDa - rUpa cAritra kA pAlana kare, parantu samatAbhAva ke binA na kisI ko mokSa huA aura hogaa| 12 jo bhI sAdhaka atItakAla meM mokSa gae haiM, varttamAna meM jA rahe haiM aura bhaviSya meM jAeMge, yaha saba samatvayoga kA prabhAva hai| " AcArya hemacandra samabhAva kI sAdhanA ko rAgavijaya kA mArga batAte hue kahate haiM ki tIvra Ananda ko utpanna karane vAle samabhAvarUpI jala meM avagAhana karane vAle puruSoM kA rAga-dveSarUpI mala sahaja naSTa ho jAtA hai| 14 samatAbhAva ke avalambana se antarmuhUrtta meM manuSya jina karmoM kA nAza kara DAlatA hai, ve tIvra tapazcaryA se karor3oM meM bhI nahIM naSTa ho skte| 15 jaise Apasa meM cipakI huI vastue~ bAMsa Adi kI salAI se pRthak kI jAtI haiM, usI prakAra paraspara baddha-karma aura jIva ko sAdhu samatvabhAva kI zalAkA se pRthak kara dete haiM / " samabhAvarUpa sUrya ke dvArA rAga-dveSa aura moha kA aMdhakAra naSTa kara dene para yogI apanI AtmA meM paramAtmA kA svarUpa dekhane lagate haiN| 17 jainadharma meM samatvayoga kA artha samatvayoga kA prayoga hama jisa artha meM kara rahe haiM, usake prAkRta-paryAyavAcI zabda haiM sAmAiya kayA samAhi / jaina AcAryoM ne ina zabdoM kI jo aneka vyAkhyAe~ kI haiM, unake AdhAra para samatva - yoga kA spaSTa arthabodha ho sakatA hai| 1. 2. 3. 4. sama, arthAt rAga aura dveSa kI vRttiyoM se rahita manaH sthiti prApta karanA samatvayoga (sAmAyika) hai| zama (jisakA prAkRta rUpa bhI sama hai), arthAt krodhAdi kaSAyoM ko zamita (zAMta) karanA samatvayoga hai| sabhI prANiyoM ke prati maitrIbhAva rakhanA samatvayoga hai / 5. 6. ma kA artha ekIbhAva hai aura aya kA artha gamana hai, arthAt ekIbhAva ke dvArA bahirmukhatA (parapariNati) kA tyAga kara antarmukha honaa| dUsare zabdoM meM, AtmA kA svasvarUpa meM ramaNa karanA yA svabhAva-dazA meM sthita honA hI samatvayoga hai| sabhI prANiyoM ke prati Atmavat dRSTi rakhanA samatvayoga hai / sama zabda kA artha acchA hai aura ayana zabda kA artha AcaraNa hai, ataH acchA yA zubha AcaraNa bhI samatvayoga (sAmAyika) hai / " niyamasAra" aura anuyogadvArasUtra 20 meM AcAryo ne isa samatva kI sAdhanA ke svarUpa kA bahuta hI spaSTa varNana kiyA hai| sarva pApakarmoM se nivRtti, samasta indriyoM kA susamAhita honA, sabhI prANiyoM ke prati maitrIbhAva evaM Atmavat dRSTi, tapa, saMyama aura niyamoM ke rUpa meM sadaiva hI AtmA kA sAnnidhya, samasta rAga aura dveSajanya vikRtiyoM kA abhAva, Artta evaM raudra cintana, samatvayoga aura anya yoga : 5

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hAsya, rati, arati, zoka, ghRNA, bhaya evaM kAmavAsanA Adi manovikAroM kI anupasthiti aura prazasta vicAra hI AIt-darzana meM samatva kA svarUpa haiN| jaina-AgamoM meM samatvayoga kA nirdeza jainAgamoM meM samatvayoga sambandhI aneka nirdeza yatra-tatra bikhare hue haiM, jinameM se kucha yahA~ prastuta haiN| Arya mahApuruSoM ne samabhAva meM dharma kahA hai| sAdhaka na jIne kI AkAMkSA kare aura na marane kI kAmanA kre| vaha jIvana aura maraNa-donoM meM kisI taraha kI Asakti na rakhe, samabhAva se rhe| zarIra aura indriyoM ke klAnta hone para bhI sAdhaka samabhAva rkhe| idhara-udhara gati evaM halacala karatA huA bhI sAdhaka niMdya nahIM hai, yadi vaha antaraMga meM avicala evaM samAhita hai, ataH sAdhaka mana ko U~cA-nIcA (DAMvADola) na kare / sAdhaka ko andara aura bAhara sabhI granthiyoM (bandhanarUpa gA~ThoM) se mukta hokara jIvana-yAtrA pUrI karanI cAhie / jo samasta prANiyoM ke prati samabhAva rakhatA hai, vahI zramaNa hai| samatA se hI zramaNa kahalAtA hai| tRNa aura kanaka (svarNa) meM jaba samAna buddhi (samabhAva) rahatI hai, tabhI use pravrajyA kahA jAtA hai| jona rAga karatA hai, na dveSa, vahI vastutaH madhyastha (sama) hai, zeSa saba amadhyastha haiM, ataH sAdhaka sadaiva vicAra kare ki saba prANiyoM ke prati merA samabhAva hai, kisI se merA vaira nahIM hai, kyoMki cetanA (AtmA) cAhe vaha hAthI ke zarIra meM ho, manuSya ke zarIra meM ho yA kunthuA ke zarIra meM ho, cetanatattva kI dRSTi se samAna hI hai| isa prakAra, jaina AcAra-darzana kA nirdeza yahI hai ki AntarikavRttiyoM meM tathA sukha-duHkha, lAbha-alAbha, jIvana-maraNa Adi paristhitiyoM meM sadaiva samabhAva rakhanA cAhie aura jagat ke sabhI prANiyoM ko Atmavat samajhakara vyavahAra karanA caahie| saMkSepa meM, vicAroM ke kSetra meM samabhAva kA artha hai-tRSNA, Asakti tathA rAga-dveSa ke pratyayoM se Upara uThanA aura AcaraNa ke kSetra meM samabhAva kA artha hai-jagat ke sabhI prANiyoM ko apane samAna mAnakara unake prati Atmavat vyavahAra karanA; yahI jaina-naitikatA kI samatvayoga kI sAdhanA hai| 3. bauddha AcAra-darzana meM samatva-yoga bauddha AcAra-darzana meM sAdhanA kA jo aSTAMgika-mArga hai, usameM pratyeka sAdhana-pakSa kA sama yA samyak honA Avazyaka hai| bauddha-darzana meM samatva pratyeka sAdhana-pakSa kA anivArya aMga hai| pAli bhASA kA 'sammA' zabda sam aura samyaka-donoM arthoM kI avadhAraNA karatA hai| yadi samyak zabda kA artha 'acchA' grahaNa karate haiM, to prazna yaha hogA ki acche se kyA tAtparya hai ? vastutaH, bauddha-darzana meM inake samyak hone kA tAtparya yahI ho sakatA hai ki ye sAdhana vyakti ko rAga-dveSa kI vRttiyoM se Upara uThane kI dizA meM kitane sahAyaka haiN| inakA samyaktva rAga-dveSa kI vRttiyoM ke kama karane meM hai, athavA samyak hone kA artha hai- rAga-dveSa aura moha se rahita honaa| rAga-dveSa kA prahANa hI samatva-yoga kI sAdhanA kA prayAsa hai| bauddha aSTAMga Arya-mArga meM antima samyak samAdhi hai| yadi hama samAdhi ko vyApaka artha 6 : samatvayoga aura anya yoga

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-lAbha meM grahaNa kareM, to nizcita hI vaha mAtra dhyAna kI eka avasthA na hokara cittavRtti kA 'samatva' hai, citta kA rAga-dveSa se zUnya honA hai aura isa artha meM vaha jaina - paramparA kI 'samAhi' (samAdhisAmAyika) se bhI adhika dUra nahIM hai / sUtrakRtAMgacUrNi meM kahA gayA hai ki rAga-dveSa kA parityAga samAdhi hai / 32 vastutaH, jaba taka cittavRttiyAM sama nahIM hotIM, taba taka samAdhisaMbhava nahIM / bhagavAn buddha ne kahA hai, jinhoMne dharmo ko ThIka prakAra se jAna liyA hai, jo kisI mata, pakSa yA vAda meM nahIM haiM, ve sambuddha haiM, samadraSTA haiM aura viSaya sthiti meM bhI unakA AcaraNa rahatA hai / " buddhi, dRSTi aura AcaraNa ke sAtha lagA huA sam pratyaya bauddha-darzana meM samatvayoga kA pratIka hai, jo buddhi, mana aura AcaraNa - tInoM ko sama batAne kA nirdeza detA hai| saMyuttanikAya meM kahA hai, AryoM kA mArga sama hai, Arya viSamasthiti meM bhI sama kA AcaraNa karate haiM 34 | dhammapada meM buddha kahate haiM, jo samatva - buddhi se AcaraNa karatA hai tathA jisakI vAsanAe~ zAnta ho gaI haiM - jo jitendriya hai, saMyama evaM brahmacarya kA pAlana karatA hai, sabhI prANiyoM ke prati daNDa kA tyAga kara cukA hai, arthAt sabhI ke prati maitrIbhAva rakhatA hai, kisI ko kaSTa nahIM detA hai, aisA vyakti, cAhe vaha AbhUSaNoM ko dhAraNa karane vAlA gRhastha hI kyoM na ho, vastutaH zramaNa hai, bhikSuka hai 35 | jainavicAraNA meM 'sama' kA artha kaSAyoM kA upazama hai| isa artha meM bhI bauddha-vicAraNA samatvayoga kA samarthana karatI hai / majjhimanikAya meM kahA gayA hai - rAga-dveSa evaM moha kA upazama hI parama Aryahai | bauddha paramparA meM bhI jaina - paramparA ke samAna hI yaha svIkAra kiyA gayA hai ki samatA kA AcaraNa karane vAlA hI zramaNa hai 37 / samatva kA artha Atmavat dRSTi svIkAra karane para bhI bauddha-vicAraNA meM usakA sthAna nirvivAda rUpa se siddha hotA hai| suttanipAta meM kahA gayA hai ki jaisA maiM hU~, vaise hI jagat ke sabhI prANI haiM, isalie sabhI prANiyoM ko apane samAna samajhakara AcaraNa kareM / " samatva kA artha rAga-dveSa kA prahANa yA rAga-dveSa kI zUnyatA karane para bhI bauddhavicAraNA meM samatvayoga kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna siddha hotA hai| udAna meM kahA gayA hai ki rAga- dveSa aura moha kA kSaya hone se nirvANa prApta hotA hai|" bauddha darzana meM varNita cAra brahmavihAra athavA bhAvanAoM meM bhI samatvayoga kA cintana parilakSita hotA hai / maitrI, karuNA aura muditA (pramoda) bhAvanAoM kA mukhya AdhAra Atmavat dRSTi hai, isI prakAra mAdhyastha-bhAvanA yA upekSA ke lie sukha-duHkha, priya-apriya, lauha- kAMcana meM samabhAva kA honA Avazyaka hai / vastutaH, bauddhavicAraNA jisa mAdhyasthavRtti para bala detI hai, vaha samatvayoga hI hai| 4. gItA ke AcAra-darzana meM samatvayoga - gItA ke AcArara-darzana kA mUla svara bhI samatvayoga kI sAdhanA hai| gItA ko yogazAstra kahA gayA hai| yoga zabda yuj dhAtu se banA hai, yuj dhAtu do arthoM meM AtA hai| usakA eka artha hai- jor3anA, saMyojita karanA aura dUsarA artha hai - saMtulita karanA, manaH sthiratA / gItA donoM arthoM meM use svIkAra karatI hai| pahale artha meM jo jor3atA hai, vaha yoga hai, athavA jisake dvArA jur3A samatvayoga aura anya yoga : 7

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jAtA hai yA jo jur3atA hai, vaha yoga hai,40 arthAt jo AtmA ko paramAtmA se jor3atA hai, vaha yoga hai| dUsare artha meM, yoga vaha avasthA hai, jisameM manaHsthiratA hotI hai|" DaoN. rAdhAkRSNan ke zabdoM meM yoga kA artha hai-apanI AdhyAtmika-zaktiyoM ko eka jagaha ikaTThA karanA, unheM saMtulita karanA aura bddh'aanaa| gItA sarvAMgapUrNa yoga-zAstra prastuta karatI hai, lekina prazna uThatA hai ki gItA kA yaha yoga kyA hai ? gItA yogazabda kA prayoga kabhI jJAna ke sAtha, kabhI karma ke sAtha aura kabhI bhakti athavA dhyAna ke artha meM karatI hai, ataH yaha nizcaya kara pAnA atyanta kaThina hai ki gItA meM yoga kA kauna-sA rUpa mAnya hai| yadi gItA eka yoga-zAstra hai, to jJAnayoga kA zAstra hai, yA karmayoga kA zAstra hai, athavA bhaktiyoga kA zAstra hai ? yaha vivAda kA viSaya rahA hai| AcArya zaMkara ke anusAra, gItA jJAnayoga kA pratipAdana karatI hai|43 tilaka use karmayogazAstra kahate haiN| ve likhate haiM ki yaha nirvivAda siddha hai ki gItA meM yoga zabda pravRtti-mArga arthAt karmayoga ke artha meM hI prayukta huA hai| 44 zrI rAmAnujAcArya, nimbArka aura zrI vallabhAcArya ke anusAra, gItA kA pratipAdya viSaya bhaktiyoga hai|45 gAMdhIjI use anAsaktiyoga kahakara karma aura bhakti kA samanvaya karate haiN| DaoN. rAdhAkRSNan usameM pratipAdita jJAna, bhakti aura karmayoga ko eka-dUsare kA pUraka mAnate haiN| lekina, gItA meM yoga kA yathArtha svarUpa kyA hai, isakA uttara gItA ke gambhIra adhyayana se mila jAtA hai| gItAkAra jJAnayoga, karmayoga, aura bhaktiyoga zabdoM kA upayoga karatA hai, lekina samasta gItAzAstra meM yoga kI do hI vyAkhyAe~ milatI haiM- 1. samatvaM yoga ucyate (2/48) aura 2. yogaH karmasu kauzalam (2/50), ataH ina donoM vyAkhyAoM ke AdhAra para hI yaha nizcita karanA hogA ki gItAkAra kI dRSTi meM yoga zabda kA yathArtha svarUpa kyA hai ? gItA kI puSpikA se prakaTa hai kigItA eka yogazAstra hai, arthAt vaha yathArtha ko Adarza se jor3ane kI kalA hai, Adarza aura yathArtha meM santulana lAtI hai| hamAre bhItara kA asantulana do staroM para hai, jIvana meM doharA saMgharSa cala rahA hai| eka cetanA kI zubha aura azubha pakSoM meM aura dUsarA hamAre bahirmukhI sva aura bAhya vAtAvaraNa ke madhya / gItA yoga kI ina do vyAkhyAoM ke dvArA ina donoM saMgharSoM meM vijayazrI prApta karane kA saMdeza detI hai| saMgharSa ke usa rUpa kI, jo hamArI cetanA ke hI zubha yA azubha pakSa meM yA hamArI AdarzAtmaka aura vAsanAtmaka-AtmA ke madhya cala rahA hai, pUrNataH samApti ke lie mAnasika-samatva kI AvazyakatA hogii| yahA~ yoga kA artha hai 'samatvayoga', kyoMki isa stara para karma kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| yahA~ yoga hamArI vAsanAtmaka AtmA ko pariSkRta kara use AdarzAtmA yA paramAtmA se jor3ane kI kalA hai| yaha yoga AdhyAtmika-yoga hai, mana kI sthiratA hai, vikalpoM evaM vikAroM kI zUnyatA hai| yahA~ para yoga kA lakSya hamAre apane hI andara hai| yaha eka Antarika samAyojana hai, vaicArika evaM mAnasika-samatva hai, lekina usa saMgharSa kI samApti ke lie, jo ki vyakti aura usake vAtAvaraNa ke madhya hai, karma-yoga kI AvazyakatA 8 : samatvayoga aura anya yoga

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hogii| yahA~ yoga kI vyAkhyA hogI 'yogaH karmasu kauzalam', yahA~ yoga yukti hai, upAya hai, jisake dvArA vyakti vAtAvaraNa meM nihita apane bhautika lakSya kI prApti karatA hai| yaha yoga kA vyAvahArika-pakSa hai, jisameM jIvana ke vyAvahArika-stara para samAyojana kiyA jAtA hai| vastutaH, manuSya na nirI AdhyAtmika-sattA hai aura na nirI bhautika-sattA hai, usameM zarIra ke rUpa meM bhautikatA hai aura cetanA ke rUpa meM AdhyAtmikatA hai| yaha bhI sahI hai ki manuSya hI jagat meM eka aisA prANI hai, jisameM jar3a para cetana ke zAsana kA sarvAdhika vikAsa huA hai| phira bhI, mAnavIya-cetanA ko jisa bhautika AvaraNa meM rahanA par3a rahA hai, vaha usakI nitAMta avahelanA nahIM kara sktii| yahI kAraNa hai ki mAnavIya-cetanA ko do staroM para samAyojana karanA hotA hai -1. caitasika (AdhyAtmika) stara para aura 2. bhautika stara pr| gItAkAra dvArA prastuta yoga kI uparyukta do vyAkhyAe~ kramazaH ina do staroM ke sandarbha meM hai| vaicArika yA caittasika-stara para jisa yoga kI sAdhanA vyakti ko karanI hai, vaha samatvayoga hai| bhautika-stara para jisa yoga kI sAdhanA kA upadeza gItA meM hai, vaha karma-kauzala kA yoga hai| tilaka ne gItA aura anya granthoM ke AdhAra para yaha siddha kiyA hai ki yoga zabda kA artha yukti, upAya aura sAdhana bhI hai| cAhe hama yoga zabda kA artha jor3ane vAle svIkAreM yA tilaka ke anusAra yukti yA upAya mAneM", donoM hI sthitiyoM meM yoga zabda sAdhana ke artha meM hI prayukta kiyA jAtA hai, lekina yogazabda kevala sAdhana ke artha meM prayukta nahIM huA hai| jaba hama yoga zabda kA artha manaHsthiratA karate haiM, to vaha sAdhana ke rUpa meM nahIM hotA hai, varan vaha svataH sAdhya hI hotA hai| yaha mAnanA bhramapUrNa hogA ki gItA meM citta-samAdhi yA samatva ke artha meM yogazabda kA prayoga nahIM hai| svayaM tilakajI hI likhate haiM ki gItA meM yoga, yogI, athavA yoga zabda se bane hue sAmAsika-zabda lagabhaga assI bAra Ae haiM, parantu cAra pA~ca sthAnoM ke sivA (6/12-23) yoga zabda se pAtaMjala yoga' (yogazcittavRtti nirodhaH) artha kahIM bhI abhipreta nahIM hai - sirpha yukti, sAdhana, kuzalatA, upAya, jor3a, mela, yahI artha kucha hera-phera se samUcI gItA meM pAe jAte haiN| isase itanA to siddha ho hI jAtA hai ki gItA meM yoga zabda mana kI sthiratA yA samatva ke artha meM bhI prayukta huA hai, sAtha hI yaha bhI siddha ho jAtA hai ki gItA do arthoM meM yogazabda kA upayoga karatI hai, eka sAdhana ke artha meM, dUsare, sAdhya ke artha meN| jaba gItA yogazabda kI vyAkhyA 'yogaH karmasu kauzalam' ke artha meM karatI hai, to yaha sAdhana-yoga kI vyAkhyA hai| vastutaH, hamAre bhautika-stara para athavA cetanA aura bhautika jagat (vyakti aura vAtAvaraNa) ke madhya jisa samAyojana kI AvazyakatA hai, vahA~ para yoga zabda kA yahI artha vivakSita hai| tilaka bhI likhate haiM, eka hI karma ko karane ke aneka yoga yA upAya ho sakate haiM, parantu unameM se jo upAya yA sAdhana uttama ho, usI ko yoga kahate haiN| yogaH karmasu kauzalam kI vyAkhyA bhI yahI kahatI hai ki karma meM kuzalatA yoga hai| kisI kriyA yA karma ko kuzalatApUrvaka sampAdita karanA yoga hai| isa samatvayoga aura anya yoga : 9

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vyAkhyA se yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki isameM yoga karma kA eka sAdhana hai, jo usakI kuzalatA meM nihita hai, arthAt yoga karma ke lie hai| gItA kI yogazabda kI dUsarI vyAkhyA samatvaM yoga ucyate' kA sIdhA artha yahI hai ki samatva ko yoga kahate haiM / yahA~ para yoga sAdhana nahIM, sAdhya hai| isa prakAra, gItA yoga zabda kI dvividha vyAkhyA prastuta karatI hai, eka sAdhana-yoga kI aura dUsarI sAdhya-yoga kii| isakA artha yaha bhI hai ki yoga do prakAra kA hai- 1. sAdhana-yoga aura 2. saadhy-yog| gItA jaba jJAnayoga, karmayoga yA bhaktiyoga kA vivecana karatI hai, to ye usakI sAdhana-yoga kI vyAkhyAe~ haiN| sAdhana aneka ho sakate haiM, jJAna, karma aura bhakti-sabhI sAdhana-yoga hai, sAdhyayoga nahIM, lekina samatvayoga sAdhya-yoga hai| yaha prazna phira bhI uThAyA jA sakatA hai ki samatvayoga ko hI sAdhya-yoga kyoM mAnA jAe, vaha bhI sAdhana-yoga kyoM nahIM ho sakatA hai ? isake lie hamAre tarka isa prakAra haiM 1. jJAna, karma, bhakti aura dhyAna sabhI samatva' ke lie hote haiM, kyoMki yadi jJAna, karma, bhakti yA dhyAna svayaM sAdhya hote, to inakI yathArthatA yA zubhatva svayaM inameM hI nihita hotA, lekina gItA yaha batAtI hai ki binA samatva ke jJAna, yathArtha jJAna nahIM banatA, jo samatvadRSTi rakhatA hai, vahI jJAnI hai 3, binA samatva ke karma akarma nahIM bntaa| samatva ke abhAva meM karma kA bandhakatva banA rahatA hai, lekina jo siddhi aura asiddhi meM samatva se yukta hotA hai, usake lie karma bandhaka nahIM banate / isI prakAra, vaha bhakta bhI saccA bhakta nahIM hai, jisameM samatva kA abhAva hai, samatvabhAva se yathArtha bhakti kI upalabdhi hotI hai / samatva ke Adarza se yukta hone para hI jJAna, karma aura bhakti apanI yathArthatA ko pAte haiN| samatva vaha 'sAra' hai, jisakI upasthiti meM jJAna, karma aura bhakti kA koI mUlya yA artha h| vastutaH, jJAna, karma aura bhakti jaba taka samatva se yukta nahIM hote haiM, unameM samatva kI avadhAraNA nahIM hotI hai, taba taka jJAna mAtra jJAna rahatA hai, vaha jJAnayoga nahIM hotA, karma mAtra karma rahatA hai, karmayoga nahIM banatA aura bhakti bhI mAtra zraddhA yA bhakti hI rahatI hai, vaha bhaktiyoga nahIM banatI hai, kyoMki ina sabameM hamameM nihita paramAtmA se jor3ane kI sAmarthya nahIM aatii| 'samatva' hI vaha zakti hai, jisase jJAna jJAnayoga ke rUpa meM, bhakti bhaktiyoga ke rUpa meM aura karma karmayoga ke rUpa meM badala jAtA hai| jaina-paramparA meM bhI jJAna, darzana (zraddhA) aura cAritra (karma) jaba taka samatva se yukta nahIM hote, samyak nahIM banate aura jaba taka ye samyak nahIM banate, taba taka mokSamArga ke aMga nahIM hote haiN| 2. gItA ke anusAra, mAnava kA sAdhya paramAtmA kI prApti hai aura gItA kA paramAtmA yA brahma sama' hai"| jinakA mana 'samabhAva' meM sthita hai, ve to saMsAra meM rahate hue bhI mukta haiM, kyoMki brahma bhI nirdoSa evaM sama hai| ve usI samatva meM sthita haiM, jo brahma hai aura isalie ve brahma meM hI haiN|" ise spaSTa rUpa meM yoM kaha sakate haiM ki jo 'samatva' meM sthita haiM, ve brahma meM sthita haiM, kyoMki 'sama' 10 : samatvayoga aura anya yoga

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hI brahma hai| gItA meM Izvara ke isa samatva-rUpa kA pratipAdana hai| nauveM adhyAya meM kRSNa kahate haiM ki maiM sabhI prANiyoM meM 'sama' ke rUpa meM sthita huuN| terahaveM adhyAya meM kahA hai ki sama-rUpa paramezvara sabhI prANiyoM meM sthita hai, prANiyoM ke vinAza se bhI usakA nAza nahIM hotA hai, jo isa samatva ke rUpa meM usako dekhatA hai, vahI vAstavika jJAnI hai, kyoMki sabhI meM samarUpa meM sthita paramezvara ko samabhAva se dekhatA huA vaha apane dvArA apanA hI ghAta nahIM karatA, arthAt apane samatvamaya yA vItarAga svabhAga ko naSTa nahIM hone detA aura mukti prApta kara letA hai| 3. gItA ke chaThaveM adhyAya meM paramayogI ke svarUpa ke varNana meM yaha dhAraNA aura bhI spaSTa ho jAtI hai| gItAkAra jaba kabhI jJAna, karma yA bhaktiyoga meM tulanA karatA hai, to vaha unakI. tulanAtmaka zreSThatA yA kaniSThatA kA pratipAdana karatA hai, jaise karma-saMnyAsa se kAmoga zreSTha hai, bhaktoM meM jJAnI-bhakta mujhe priya haiN| lekina, vaha na to jJAnayogI ko paramayogI kahatA hai, na karmayogI ko paramayogI kahatA hai aura na bhakta ko hI paramayogI kahatA hai, varan usakI dRSTi meM paramayogI to vaha hai, jo sarvatra samatva kA darzana karatA hai| gItAkAra kI dRSTi meM yogI kI pahacAna to samatva hI hai| vaha kahatA hai, "yoga se yukta AtmA vahI hai, jo samadarzI hai|"63 samatva kI sAdhanA karanevAlA yogI hI saccA yogI hai| cAhe sAdhana ke rUpa meM jJAna, karma yA bhakti ho, yadi unase samatva nahIM AtA, to ve yoga nahIM haiN| 4. gItA kA yathArtha yoga samatva-yoga hai, isa bAta kI siddhi kA eka anya pramANa bhI hai| gItA ke chaThaveM adhyAya meM arjuna svayaM hI yaha kaThinAI upasthita karatA hai ki he kRSNa! Apane yaha samatvabhAva (mana kI samatA) rUpa yoga kahA hai, mujhe mana kI caMcalatA ke kAraNa isa samatvayoga kA koI sthira AdhAra dikhalAI nahIM detA hai, arthAt mana kI caMcalatA ke kAraNa isa samatva ko pAnA sambhava nahIM hai| isase yahI siddha hotA hai ki gItAkAra kA mUla upadeza to isI samatva-yoga kA hai, lekina yaha samatva mana kI caMcalatA ke kAraNa sahaja nahIM hotA hai, ataH mana kI caMcalatA ko samApta karane ke lie jJAna, karma, tapa, dhyAna aura bhakti ke sAdhana batAe gae haiM Age zrIkRSNa jaba yaha kahate haiM ki he arjuna ! tapasvI, jJAnI, karmakANDI sabhI se yogI adhika hai, ataH tU yogI ho jAe, to yaha aura bhI adhika spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki gItAkAra kA uddezya jJAna, karma, bhakti athavA tapa kI sAdhanA kA upadeza denA mAtra nahIM hai| yadi jJAna, karma, bhakti yA taparUpa sAdhanA kA pratipAdana karanA hI gItAkAra kA antima lakSya hotA, to arjuna ko jJAnI, tapasvI, karmayogI yA bhakta banane kA upadeza diyA jAtA , na ki yogI banane kA / dUsare, yadi gItAkAra kA yoga se tAtparya karmakauzala yA karmayoga, jJAnayoga, tapa (dhyAna) yoga athavA bhaktiyoga hI hotA, to inameM pArasparika tulanA honI cAhie thI, lekina ina sabase bhinna evaM zreSTha yaha yoga kaunasA hai, jisake zreSThatva kA pratipAdana gItAkAra karatA hai evaM jise aMgIkAra karane kA samatvayoga aura anya yoga : 11 .

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arjuna ko upadeza detA hai ? vaha yoga samatva-yoga hI hai, jisake zreSThatva kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| samatva yoga meM yogazabda kA artha jor3anA' nahIM hai, kyoMki aisI avasthA meM samatva-yoga bhI sAdhana-yoga hogA, sAdhya-yoga nhiiN| dhyAna yA samAdhi bhI samatva-yoga kA sAdhana hai|66 gItA meM samatva kA artha gItA ke samatva-yoga ko samajhane ke lie yaha dekhanA hogA ki samatva kA gItA meM kyA artha hai ? AcArya zaMkara likhate haiM ki samatva kA artha tulyatA hai, Atmavat-dRSTi hai, jaise mujhe sukha priya evaM anukUla hai aura duHkha apriya evaM pratikUla hai| isa prakAra, jo saba prANiyoM meM apane hI samAna sukha evaM duHkha ko tulyabhAva se anukUla evaM pratikUla rUpa meM dekhatA hai, kisI ke bhI pratikUla AcaraNa nahIM karatA, vahI samadarzI hai| sabhI prANiyoM ke prati Atmavat-dRSTi rakhanA samatva hai, lekina samatva na kevala tulyadRSTi yA Atmavat-dRSTi hai, varan madhyasthadRSTi, vItarAgadRSTi evaM anAsakta-dRSTi bhI hai| sukha-duHkha Adi jIvana ke sabhI anukUla aura pratikUla saMyogoM meM samabhAva rakhanA, mAna aura apamAna, siddhi aura asiddhi meM mana kA vicalita nahIM honA, zatru aura mitra-donoM meM mAdhyasthavRtti, Asakti aura rAga-dveSa kA abhAva hI samatvayoga hai| vaicArikadRSTi se pakSAgraha evaM saMkalpa-vikalpoM se mAnasa kA mukta honA hI samatva hai| gItA meM samatva-yoga kI zikSA gItA meM aneka sthaloM para samatva-yoga kI zikSA dI gaI hai| zrIkRSNa kahate haiM, he arjuna ! jo sukha-duHkha meM samabhAva rakhatA hai, usa dhIra (samabhAvI) vyakti ko indriyoM ke sukhaduHkhAdi viSaya vyAkula nahIM karate, vaha mokSa yA amRtatva kA adhikArI hotA hai| sukhaduHkha, lAbha-hAni, jaya-parAjaya Adi meM samatvabhAva dhAraNa kara, phira yadi tU yuddha karegA, to pApa nahIM lagegA, kyoMki jo samatva se yukta hotA hai, usase koI pApa hI nahIM hotA hai| he arjuna! Asakti kA tyAga kara, siddhi evaM asiddhi meM samabhAva rakhakara, samatva se yukta ho, tU karmo kA AcaraNa kara, kyoMki yaha samatva hI yoga hai| samatva-buddhiyoga se sakAma-karma ati tuccha hai, isalie he arjuna !, samatva-buddhiyoga kA Azraya le, kyoMki phala kI vAsanA, arthAt Asakti rakhanevAle atyanta dIna hai|" samatva-buddhi se yukta puruSa pApa aura puNya-donoM se alipta rahatA hai (arthAt samabhAva hone para karma bandhanakAraka nahIM hote), isalie samatva-buddhiyoga ke lie hI ceSTA kara, samatvabuddhirUpa yoga hI karma-bandhana se chUTane kA upAya hai, pApa-puNya se bacakara anAsakta evaM sAmyabuddhi se karma karane kI kuzalatA hI yoga hai| jo svAbhAvika upalabdhiyoM meM santuSTa hai, rAga-dveSa evaM IrSyA se rahita nirdvandva evaM siddhi-asiddhi meM samabhAva se yukta hai, vaha jIvana ke sAmAnya vyApAroM ko karate hue bhI bandhana meM nahIM AtA hai| he arjuna! aneka prakAra ke siddhAntoM se vicalita terI buddhi jaba samAdhiyukta ho nizcala evaM sthira ho jAegI, taba tU samatvayoga ko prApta ho jaaegaa| jo bhI prANI apanI vAsanAtmaka-AtmA ko 12 : samatvayoga aura anya yoga

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jItakara zIta aura uSNa, mAna aura apamAna, sukha aura duHkha jaisI virodhI sthitiyoM meM bhI sadaiva prazAnta rahatA hai, arthAt samabhAva rakhatA hai, vaha paramAtmA meM sthita hai| jisakI AtmA tattvajJAna evaM AtmajJAna se tRpta hai, jo anAsakta evaM saMyamI hai, jo lauha evaM kAMcana-donoM meM samAnabhAva rakhatA hai, vahI yogI yoga (samatva-yoga) se yukta hai, aisA kahA jAtA hai| jo vyakti suhRdaya, mitra, zatru, taTastha, madhyastha, dveSI evaM bandhu meM tathA dharmAtmA evaM pApiyoM meM samabhAva rakhatA hai, vahI ati zreSTha hai, athavA vahI mukti ko prApta karatA hai| jo sabhI prANiyoM ko apanI AtmA meM evaM apanI AtmA ko sabhI prANiyoM meM dekhatA hai, arthAt sabhI ko samabhAva se dekhatA hai, vahI yuktAtmA hai| jo sukha-duHkhAdi avasthAoM meM sabhI prANiyoM ko apanI AtmA ke samAna samabhAva se dekhatA hai, vahI paramayogI hai| jo apanI indriyoM ke samUha ko bhalIbhAMti saMyamita karake sarvatra samatvabuddhi se sabhI prANiyoM ke kalyANa meM nirata hai, vaha paramAtmA ko hI prApta kara letA hai| 80 jo na kabhI harSita hotA hai, na dveSa karatA hai, na zoka karatA hai, na kAmanA karatA hai tathA jo zubha aura azubha sampUrNa karmoM meM phala kA tyAgI hai, vaha bhaktiyukta puruSa mujhe priya hai| " jo puruSa zatru-mitra meM aura mAna-apamAna meM sama hai tathA sadI-garmI aura sukha-duHkhAdi dvandvoM meM sama hai aura saba saMsa meM Asakti se rahita hai2 tathA jo nindA-stuti ko samAna samajhane vAlA aura mananazIla hai arthAt Izvara ke svarUpa kA nirantara manana karane vAlA hai evaM jisa kisa prakAra se bhI mAtra zarIra ka nirvAha hone meM sadA hI santuSTa hai aura rahane ke sthAna meM mamatA se rahita hai, vaha sthira-buddhivAla, bhaktimAn puruSa mujhe priya hai| isa prakAra jAnakara, jo puruSa naSTa hote hue saba carAcara bhUtoM meM nAzarahita paramezvara ko, samabhAva se sthita dekhatA hai, vaha vahI dekhatA hai, kyoMki vaha puruSa sabameM samabhAva se sthita hue paramezvara ko dekhatA huA apane dvArA Apako naSTa nahIM karatA hai, arthAt zarIra kA nAza hone se apanI AtmA kA nAza nahIM mAnatA hai, isase vaha paramagati ko prApta hotA hai| samatva ke abhAva meM jJAna yathArtha jJAna nahIM hai, cAhe vaha jJAna kitanA hI vizAla kyoM na haa| vaha jJAna yoga nahIM hai| samatva-darzana yathArtha jJAna kA anivArya aMga hai| samadarzI hI saccA paNDita yA jJAnI hai| jJAna kI sArthakatA aura jJAna kA antima lakSya samatva-darzana hai|87 samatvamaya brahma yA Izvara, jo hama saba meM nihita hai, usakA bodha karAnA hI jJAna aura darzana kI sArthakatA hai| isI prakAra, samatva-bhAvanA ke udaya se bhakti kA saccA svarUpa prakaTa hotA hai| jo samadarzI hotA hai, vaha parama bhakti ko prApta karatA hai| gItA ke aThArahaveM adhyAya meM kRSNa ne spaSTa kahA hai ki jo samatva-bhAva meM sthita hotA hai, vaha merI paramabhakti ko prApta karatA hai|88 bArahaveM adhyAya meM sacce bhakta kA lakSaNa bhI samatva-vRtti kA udaya mAnA gayA hai| jaba samatvabhAva kA udaya hotA hai, tabhI vyakti kA karma akarma banatA hai| samatva-vRtti se yukta hokara kiyA gayA koI bhI AcaraNa bandhanakArI nahIM hotA, usa AcaraNa se vyakti pApa ko prApta nahIM hotaa| isa samatvayoga aura anya yoga : 13

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prakAra, dhyAna yoga kA parama sAdhya bhI vaicArika-samatva hai| samAdhi kI eka paribhASA yaha bhI ho sakatI hai ki jisake dvArA citta kA samatva prApta kiyA jAtA hai, vaha samAdhi hai|1 ___ jJAna, karma, bhakti aura dhyAna, sabhI samatva ko prApta karane ke lie haiN| jaba ve samatva ye yukta ho jAte haiM, taba apane sacce svarUpa ko prakaTa karate haiN| jJAna yathArtha jJAna bana jAtA hai, bhakti paramabhakti ho jAtI hai, karma akarma ho jAtA hai aura dhyAna nirvikalpa samAdhi kA lAbha kara letA hai| 5. samatvayoga kA vyavahAra-pakSa samatvayoga kA tAtparya cetanA kA saMgharSa yA dvandva se Upara uTha jAnA hai / vaha nirAkula, nirdvandva aura nirvikalpa dazA kA sUcaka hai| samatva-yoga jIvana ke vividha pakSoM meM eka aisA sAMga-santulana hai, jisameM na kevala caitasika evaM vaiyaktika-jIvana ke saMgharSa samApta hote haiM, varan sAmAjika-jIvana ke saMgharSa bhI samApta ho jAte haiM, zarta yaha hai ki samAja ke sabhI sadasya usakI sAdhanA meM prayatnazIla hoN| samatvayoga meM indriyA~ apanA kArya to karatI haiM, lekina unameM bhogAsakti nahIM hotI hai aura na indriyoM ke viSayoM kI anubhUti cetanA meM rAga aura dveSa ko janma detI hai| cintana to hotA hai, kintu usase pakSavAda aura vaicArika-durAgrahoM kA nirmANa nahIM hotaa| mana apanA kArya to karatA hai, lekina vaha cetanA ke sammukha jise prastuta karatA hai, use raMgIna nahIM banAtA hai| AtmA vizuddha draSTA hotA hai| jIvana ke sabhI pakSa apanA-apanA kArya vizuddha rUpa meM binA kisI saMgharSa ke karate haiN| manuSya kA apane pariveza ke sAtha jo saMgharSa hai, usake kAraNa ke rUpa meM jaivikaAvazyakatAoM kI pUrti itanI pramukha nahIM hai, jitanI kI vyakti kI bhogAsakti / saMgharSa kI tIvratA Asakti kI tIvratA ke sAtha bar3hatI jAtI hai| prakRta-jIvana jInA na to itanA jaTila hai aura na itanA saMgharSapUrNa hii| vyakti kA Antarika-saMgharSa, jo usakI vibhinna AkAMkSAoM aura vAsanAoM ke kAraNa hotA hai, usake pIche bhI vyakti kI tRSNA yA Asakti hI pramukha hai| isI prakAra, vaicArika-jagat kA sArA saMgharSa Agraha, pakSa yA dRSTi ke kAraNa hai| vAda, pakSa yA dRSTi eka ora satya ko sImita karatI hai, dUsarI ora Agraha se satya ke anya ananta pahalU AvRtta raha jAte haiM / bhogAsakti svArthoM kI saMkIrNatA ko janma detI hai aura AgrahavRtti vaicArikasaMkIrNatA ko janma detI hai| saMkIrNatA, cAhe vaha hitoM kI ho yA vicAroM kI, saMgharSa ko janma detI hai| samasta sAmAjika-saMgharSoM ke mUla meM yahI hitoM kI yA vicAroM kI saMkIrNatA kAma kara rahI hai| ___ jaba Asakti, lobha yA rAga ke rUpa meM pakSa upasthita hotA hai, to dveSa yA ghRNA ke rUpa meM pratipakSa bhI upasthita ho jAtA hai| pakSa aura pratipakSa kI yaha upasthiti AtaMrika-saMgharSa kA 14 : samatvayoga aura anya yoga

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kAraNa hotI hai| samatvayoga rAga aura dveSa ke dvandva se Upara uThAkara vItarAgatA kI ora le jAtA hai| vaha Antarika-santulana hai / vyakti ke lie yaha Antarika-santulana hI pramukha hai| Antarika-santulana kI upasthiti meM bAhya jAgatika-vikSobha vicalita nahIM kara sakate haiN| jaba vyakti Antarika-santulana se yukta hotA hai, to usake AcAra-vicAra aura vyavahAra meM bhI vaha santulana prakaTa ho jAtA hai| usakA koI bhI vyavahAra yA AcAra bAhya asantulana kA kAraNa nahIM banatA hai| AcAra aura vicAra hamAre mana ke bAhya prakaTana haiM, vyakti ke mAnasa kA bAhya-jagat meM pratibimba haiN| jisameM Antarika-santulana yA samatva hai, usake AcAra aura vicAra bhI samatvapUrNa hote haiN| itanA hI nahIM, vaha vizva-vyavahAra meM eka sAMga-santulana sthApita karane ke lie bhI prayatnazIla hotA hai, usakA santulita vyaktitva vizva-vyavahAra ko prabhAvita bhI karatA hai evaM usake dvArA sAmAjika-jIvana kA nirmANa bhI ho sakatA hai| phira bhI, sAmAjikajIvana meM aisA vyaktitva ekamAtra kAraka nahIM hotA, ataH usake prayAsa sadaiva hI saphala hoM, yaha anivArya nahIM hai| sAmAjika-samatva kI saMsthApanA samatvayoga kA sAdhya to hai, lekina usakI siddhi vaiyaktika-samatva para nahIM, varan samAja ke sabhI sadasyoM ke sAmUhika prayatnoM para nirbhara hai| phira bhI, samatva yogI ke vyavahAra se na to sAmAjika-saMgharSa utpanna hotA hai aura na bAhya-saMgharSo, kSubdhatAoM aura kaThinAiyoM se vaha apane mAnasa ko vicalita hone detA hai| samatvayoga kA mUla kendra Antarika-saMtulana yA samatva hai, jo ki rAga aura dveSa ke prahANa se upalabdha hotA hai| . samatva-yoga bhAratIya-sAdhanA kA kendrIya-tattva hai, lekina isa samatva kI upalabdhi kaise ho sakatI hai, yaha vicAraNIya hai| sarvaprathama to jaina, bauddha evaM gItA ke AcAra-darzana samatva kI upalabdhi ke lie trividha sAdhanA-patha kA pratipAdana karate haiM / cetanA ke jJAna, bhAva aura saMkalpa-pakSa ko samatva se yukta yA samyak banAne hetu jahA~ jaina-darzana samyak-jJAna, samyakdarzana aura samyak-cAritra kA pratipAdana karatA hai, vahIM bauddha-darzana prajJA, zIla aura samAdhi kA aura gItA jJAnayoga, karmayoga aura bhaktiyoga kA pratipAdana karatI hai| kevala itanA hI nahIM, apitu ina AcAra-darzanoM ne hamAre vyAvahArika aura sAmAjika-jIvana kI samatA ke lie bhI kucha dizA-nirdezaka sUtra prastuta kie haiM / hamAre vyAvahArika -jIvana kI viSamatAe~ tIna haiM- 1. Asakti 2. Agraha aura 3. adhikaar-bhaavnaa| yahI vaiyaktika jIvana kI viSamatAe~ sAmAjikajIvana meM varga-vidveSa zoSakavRtti aura dhArmika evaM rAjanItika-matAndhatA ko janma detI hai aura pariNAmasvarUpa hiMsA, yuddha aura varga-saMgharSa panapate haiN| ina viSamatAoM ke kAraNa udbhUta saMgharSo ko hama cAra bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kara sakate haiM (1) vyakti kA Antarika-saMgharSa - jo Adarza aura vAsanA ke madhya hai, yaha icchAoM kA saMgharSa hai| ise caitasika-viSamatA kahA jA sakatA hai| isakA sambandha vyakti svayaM se hai| (2) vyakti aura vAtAvaraNa kA saMgharSa- vyakti apanI zArIrika-AvazyakatAoM aura samatvayoga aura anya yoga : 15

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anya icchAoM kI pUrti bAhya-jagat meM karatA hai| ananta icchA aura sImita pUrti ke sAdhana isa saMgharSa ko janma dete haiM, yaha Arthika-saMgharSa athavA manobhautika-saMgharSa hai| (3) vyakti aura samAja kA saMgharSa - vyakti apane ahaMkAra kI tuSTi samAja meM karatA hai, usa ahaMkAra ko poSaNa dene ke lie aneka mithyA vizvAsoM kA samAja meM sRjana karatA hai| yahIM vaicArika-saMgharSa kA janma hotA hai| U~ca-nIca kA bhAva, dhArmika-matAndhatA aura vibhinna vAda usI ke pariNAma haiN| (4) samAja aura samAja kA saMgharSa-jaba vyakti sAmAnya hitoM aura sAmAnya vaicArikavizvAsoM ke AdhAra para samUha yA guTa banAtA hai, to sAmAjika-saMgharSoM kA udaya hotA hai| isakA AdhAra Arthika aura vaicArika-donoM hI ho sakatA hai| samatvayoga kA vyavahAra-pakSa aura jaina-dRSTi . jaisA ki hamane pUrva meM dekhA ki ina samagra saMgharSoM kA mUla hetu Asakti, Agraha aura saMgrahavRtti meM nihita hai, ataH jaina-dArzanikoM ne unake nirAkaraNa ke hetu anAsakti, anAgraha, ahiMsA tathA asaMgraha ke siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana kiyaa| vastutaH, vyAvahArika-dRSTi se cittavRtti kA samatva anAsakti yA vItarAgatA meM, buddhi kA samatva anAgraha yA anekAnta meM aura AcaraNa kA samatva ahiMsA evaM aparigraha meM nihita hai| anAsakti anekAnta, ahiMsA aura aparigraha ke siddhAnta hI jainadarzana meM samatvayoga kI sAdhanA ke cAra AdhAra-stambha haiN| jaina-darzana ke samatvayoga kI sAdhanA ko vyAvahArika-dRSTi se nimna prakAra prastuta kiyA jA sakatA haisamatvayoga ke niSThAsUtra (a) saMgharSa ke nirAkaraNa kA prayatna hI jIvana ke vikAsa kA saccA artha-samatvayoga kA pahalA sUtra hai-saMgharSa nahIM, saMgharSa yA tanAva ko samApta karanA hI vaiyaktika evaM sAmAjikajIvana kI pragati kA saccA svarUpa hai| astitva ke lie saMgharSa ke sthAna para jaina-darzana saMgharSa ke nirAkaraNa meM astitva kA sUtra prastuta karatA hai / jIvana saMgharSa meM nahIM, varan usake nirAkaraNa meM hai| jaina-darzana na to isa siddhAnta meM AsthA rakhatA hai ki jIvana ke lie saMgharSa Avazyaka hai aura na yaha mAnatA hai ki 'jIo aura jIne do' kA nArA hI paryApta hai| usakA siddhAnta hai-jIvana ke lie jIvana kA vinAza nahIM , varan jIvana ke dvArA jIvana kA vikAsa yA kalyANa (parasparopagraho jIvAnAm - tattvArthasUtra) jIvana kA niyama saMgharSa kA niyama nahIM, varan sahakAra kA niyama hai| (ba) sabhI manuSyoM kI maulika samAnatA para AsthA-AtmA kI dRSTi se sabhI prANI samAna haiM, yaha jainadarzana kI pramukha mAnyatA hai| isake sAtha hI jaina-AcAryoM ne mAnava- jAti kI ekatA ko bhI svIkAra kiyA hai| varNa, jAti, sampradAya aura Arthika-AdhAroM para manuSyoM meM bheda karanA manuSyoM kI maulika-samatA ko dRSTi se ojhala karanA hai| sabhI manuSya, manuSya - samAja meM 16 : samatvayoga aura anya yoga

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samAna adhikAroM se yukta haiN| yaha niSThA sAmyayoga ke sAmAjika-sandarbha kA Avazyaka aMga hai / isake mUla meM sabhI manuSyoM ko samAna adhikAra se yukta samajhane kI dhAraNA rahI huI hai / yaha sAmAjika nyAya kA AdhAra hai, jo sAmAjika saMgharSa ko samApta karatA hai / samatvayoga ke kriyAnvayana ke cAra sUtra - (1) vRtti meM anAsakti - anAsakta jIvana-dRSTi kA nirmANa - yaha samatvayoga kI sAdhanA kA prathama sUtra hai / ahaMkAra, mamatva aura tRSNA kA visarjana samatva ke sarjana ke lie Avazyaka hai / anAsakta-vRtti meM mamatva aura ahaMkAra- donoM kA pUrNa samarpaNa Avazyaka hai| jaba taka aham aura mamatva banA rahegA, samatva kI upalabdhi saMbhava nahIM hogI, kyoMki rAga ke sAtha dveSa aparihArya rUpa se jur3A huA hai| jitanA aham aura mamatva kA visarjana hogA, utanA hI samatva kA sarjana hogaa| anAsakti caitasika saMgharSa kA nirAkaraNa karatI hai evaM caitasikasamatva kA AdhAra hai| binA caitasika-samatva ke sAmAjika jIvana meM sAmya kI udbhAvanA nahIM ho sakatI / vaha (2) vicAra meM anAgraha - jainadarzana ke anusAra Agraha ekAMta hai aura isalie mithyAtva bhI hai| vaicArika-anAgraha samatvayoga kI eka anivAryatA hai| Agraha vaicArika hiMsA bhI hai, dUsare ke satya ko asvIkAra karatA hai tathA samagra vaicArika-sampradAyoM evaM vAdoM kA nirmANa kara vaicArika-saMgharSa kI bhUmikA taiyAra karatA hai, ataH vaicArika- samanvaya aura vaicArika - anAgraha samatvayoga kA eka aparihArya aMga hai| yaha vaicArika saMgharSa ko samApta karatA hai| jainadarzana ise anekAntavAda yA syAdvAda ke rUpa meM prastuta karatA hai| (3) vaiyaktika - jIvana meM asaMgraha - anAsakta vRtti ko vyAvahArika jIvana meM utArane ke lie asaMgraha Avazyaka hai| yaha vaiyaktika- anAsakti kA samAja - jIvana meM vyakti ke dvArA diyA gayA pramANa hai aura sAmAjika samatA ke nirmANa kI Avazyaka kar3I bhI hai| sAmAjikajIvana meM Arthika viSamatA kA nirAkaraNa asaMgraha kI vaiyaktika-sAdhanA ke mAdhyama se hI sambhava hai| - - (4) sAmAjika- AcaraNa meM ahiMsA - jaba pArasparika vyavahAra ahiMsA para adhiSThita hogA, tabhI sAmAjika jIvana meM zAMti aura sAmya sambhava hoNge| jainadarzana ke anusAra, ahiMsA kA mUla AdhAra Atmavat - dRSTi hai aura ahiMsA kI vyavahAryatA anAsakti para nirbhara hai / vRtti meM jitanI anAsakti hogI, vyavahAra meM utanI hI ahiMsA prakaTa hogI / jaina AcAryoM kI dRSTi meM ahiMsA kevala niSedhAtmaka nahIM hai, varan vaha vidhAyaka bhI hai| maitrI aura karuNA usake vidhAyaka pahalU haiM / ahiMsA sAmAjika saMgharSa kA nirAkaraNa karatI hai / isa prakAra, jainadarzana ke anusAra vRtti meM anAsakti, vicAra ke anekAnta, anAgraha, samatvayoga aura anya yoga 17 -

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vaiyaktika jIvana meM asaMgraha aura sAmAjika - jIvana meM ahiMsA, yahI samatvayoga kI sAdhanA kA vyavahArika pakSa hai| sandarbha grantha 1. Beyond the Pleasure Principles. Freud uddhRta - adhyAtmayoga aura citta - vikalana, pR. 246, 2. AcArAMga, 1 / 3 / 2 / 114, 3. gItA 4 / 12, 4. vahI, 7/ 27-28, 5. vahI. 15/5, 6. Avazyakaniryukti 796, 7. pravacanasAra, 1/5, 8. samadarzI AcArya haribhadra, pR. 86, 9. seyambaro vA Asambaro vA buddho vA taheva anno vA samabhAvabhAviyappA lahai mukkhaM na saMdeho // - haribhadra 10-13. sAmAyika sUtra (amaramuni) pR. 63 para uddhRta, 1415. yogazAstra, 4/50-53, 16 - 17. yogazAstra, 4 / 50-53, 18. (a) sAmAyikasUtra ( amaramunijI), pR. 27-28 (ba) vizeSAvazyakabhASya 3477-3483, 19. niyamasAra, 122-133, 20, anuyogadvAra, 127 128, 21. AcArAMga, 1/8/3/2, 22. vahI, 1/8/8/4, 23. vahI, 1 /8 / 8 / 14, 24. vahI, 2 / 3 / 1, 25. vahI, 1 /8 /8 / 11, 26. praznavyAkaraNasUtra, 2/4, 27. uttarAdhyayana 25/32, 28. bodhapAhuDa, 47, 29. Avazyaka niryukti, 804, 30 niyamasAra, 104, 31. bhagavatIsUtra, 7 / 8, 32. sUtrakRtAMgacUrNi, 1/2 /2, 33. saMyuttanikAya, 1 / 1 /8, 34. vahI. 1 / 2 / 6, 35. dhammapada, 142, 36. majjhimanikAya, 3/40/2, 37. dhammapada 388 tulanA kIjie - uttarAdhyayana, 25/32, 38. suttanipAta 3 / 37 / 7, 39. udAna, 8 / 6, 40. yujyate etaditi yogaH, yujyate anena iti yogaH, tasmin iti yoga: 41. yogasUtra, 1 / 2, 42. bhagavadgItA (rA.) pR. 55, 43. gItA (zAM.), 2 /11, 44. gItArahasya, pR. 60, 45. gItA (rAmA.), 1 / 1 pUrva kathana, 46. bhagavadgItA (rA.), pR. 82, 47. amarakoza, 3 / 3 / 22, gItArahasya, pR. 56-59, 48. yogasUtra, 1/2, 49-50. gItA (zAM.) 10/7, 51-52. gItArahasya, pR. 57, 53. gItA, 5/18, 54. vahI, 4/22, 55. vahI, 8 /54, 56. vahI, 5 / 19, gItA (zAM) 5 / 18, 57. gItA, 5 / 19., 58. gItA, 9 / 29, 59. vahI, 13 / 27-28, 60. vahI, 5/2, 61. vahI, 7/17, 62. vahI. 6/32, 63. vahI, 6/29, 64. vahI, 6/32, 65. vahI, 6/46 66. gItA 2/43, 67. gItA (zAM.), 6/32, 68. gItA 2 / 15, 69. vahI. 2 / 38, tulanA kIjie - AcArAMga, 1 / 3 / 2, 70. gItA 2 / 48, 71. vahI, 2/49, 72. vahI, 2/50, 73. vahI, 4 / 23, 74. vahI, 2/53, 75. vahI, 6/7, 76. vahI, 6 / 8, 77. vahI, 6/9 (pAThAntara - vimucyate ), 78. vahI, 6 / 29, 79. vahI, 6/32, 80. vahI, 12 / 4, 81. vahI, 12 / 17, 82. vahI 6 / 7, 83. gItA 12 / 19, 84. vahI, 13 / 27, 85. a, 13 / 28, 86. vahI, 5 / 18, 87. vahI, 13 / 27-28, 88. vahI, 18 /54, 89. vahI, 12/17 - 19, 90. vahI, 2/38, 91. vahI, 2/53 18 samatvayoga aura anya yoga -

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jaina-yoga aura anya-yoga bhAratIya mUla ke anya dharmo kI taraha jainadharma bhI yoga aura dhyAna ko AdhyAtmika unnati aura vikAsa kA atyanta mahatvapUrNa sAdhana mAnatA haiN| 'uttarAdhyayanasUtra (28/35) ke anusAra vyakti samyagjJAna dvArA svayaM kI AtmA kI prakRti ko jAna sakatA hai, samyagdarzana yA samyak-anubhUti dvArA usa para vizvAsa kara sakatA hai| isI taraha vyakti samyaka-caritra dvArA usa para niyaMtraNa yA saMyama kara sakatA hai, lekina Atma-zuddhi kevala samyak tapa ke dvArA hI kI jA sakatI hai| jaina vicAradhArA ke anusAra tapa ke do prakAra haiM- bAhya aura aantrik| Antarika tapa ke do mahatvapUrNa bheda hai, jinako (1) dhyAna arthAt ekAgratA aura (2) kAyotsarga (tyAga) arthAt apane zarIra aura sAMsArika, saMbandhoM ke prati virAga-bhAva kahA jAtA hai| jaina paramparA ke anusAra Atmonnati (Emancipation), jo ki hamAre jIvana kA carama lakSya hai, kevala zukla-dhyAna ke dvArA hI prAptavya hai, jo Atma-sajagatA (Self-awarenes) yA Atma-jJAna kI sthiti hai| isa prakAra jaina vicAradhArA ke anusAra Atmonnati kevala dhyAna dvArA sambhava hai, jo ki pataMjali kI yoga-paddhati kA saptam sopAna bhI hai| isa prakAra hama yaha kaha sakate hai ki dhyAna aura yoga jainadharma ke bhI anivArya aMga rahe haiN| samasta jaina tIrthakaroM kI mUrtiyA~ bhI kevala dhyAnamudrA meM hI pAI jAtI hai, kisI bhI anya mudrA meM nahIM hai| isase jaina vicAradhArA meM yoga aura dhyAna kA mahatva svataH hI prakaTa ho jAtA hai| yahA~ yaha bhI dRSTavya hai ki sAmAnyataH yoga kA parama lakSya cittavRttinirodha hai, jaina paramparA meM bhI yoga sAdhanA kA lakSya yoga nahIM, kintu ayoga hI hai, arthAt mana, vANI aura kAyA kI samasta kriyAoM kA nirodha (meNjpvd)| yogadarzana meM bhI yoga ko cittavRtti nirodha hI kahA gayA hai (yogazcittavRtti nirodh)| vartamAna kAla meM jainayoga paramparA ke vikAsa ke saMdarbha meM paM. sukhalAla jI ne apanI 'samadarzI haribhadra' nAmaka kRti meM jainayoga para eka adhyAya likhA haiN| pro. nathamala TAMTiyA ne bhI apane grantha "sTaDIja ina jainaphilAsaphI' meM jainayoga aura dhyAna para pUrA eka adhyAya diyA hai| viliyasa jemsa ne bhI jainayoga para eka pustaka likhI hai, lekina isameM unhone jaina AcAra zAstra para hI vistAra se carcA samatvayoga aura anya yoga : 19

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kI hai, jainayoga para bahuta hI kama likhA gayA hai| unake anusAra jainayoga kA artha hai, Atmonnati (Emancipation) kA sAdhanA maarg| jainayoga ke viSaya meM pro. padyanAbha jainI ke grantha 'jaina pAtha A~pha pyUriphikezana' kA bhI ullekha kiyA jA sakatA hai| Ajakala hindI meM bhI jainayoga para jo bhI likhA gayA hai, usameM sarvaprathama aura zreSTha grantha hai, muni nathamalajI, (AcArya mahAprajJajI) kRta jainyog| unhoneM yoga aura prekSA dhyAna para aneka grantha likhe hai| e.bI. dige kA pI-eca. DI. kA zodhaprabandha bhI jainayoga para hI hai aura jo pI.vI. risarca iMsTITyUTa vArANasI se prakAzita bhI hai| yadi hama saMkSepa meM jainayoga ke aitihAsika vikAsa krama aura usa para anya bhAratIya yoga-paddhatiyoM ke prabhAva ke bAre meM jAnanA cAhate hai to hameM jainayoga paddhati ke vikAsa ko nimnAkita pA~ca caraNoM meM vibhAjita kara ke dekhanA cAhiye- 1. Agama yuga ke pUrva kI sthiti (IsA pUrva 6TI zatAbdI), 2. Agamayuga (I.pU. 5vI zatI se IsA kI 5 vI zatI), 3. madhyakAla (IsA kI 6zatI se 1SvI zatI), 4. tantra evaM karmakANDa kA yuga (IsA kI 13vI zatI se 16vI zatI), 5. Adha nikyug| 1. AgamapUrvayuga- bhArata me yoga aura dhyAna kI avadhAraNA utanI hI purAtana hai, jitanI ki svayameva bhAratIya saMskRti hai| ati prAcIna kAla se yoga aura dhyAna ke saMdarbha meM do prakAra ke pramANa hameM milate hai- 1.purAtAtvika (Seculptural evidences) aura 2. sAhityika (Literary) / prArambhika kAla se hI yoga aura dhyAna ke ina dono hI prakAro ke pramANa upalabdha hai, lekina yaha kahanA kaThina hai ki ye yoga aura dhyAna ke ye pramANa jaina-paddhati kA samarthana karate hai| hama kevala itanA kaha sakate hai, ki prAcIna yoga aura dhyAna ke ye saMdarbha bhAratIya zramaNasaMskRti se jur3e hue hai| jaina, bauddha AjIvaka, sAMkhya-yoga tathA anya choTI bar3I zramaNa-paramparAe~ isI se udbhUta huI hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki dhyAna aura yoga ko pratyeka bhAratIya paddhati meM Adhikarika rUpa se apanAyA gayA thaa| isIliye katipaya jaina viddhAnoM ne yaha kahane kA atisAhasa bhI kiyA hai ki ye sandarbha unakI apanI paramparA ke saMdarbha hai| yoga aura dhyAna sambandhI prAcIna purAtAttvika pramANa mohanajodaDo aura harappA se mile haiN| vahA~ khudAI meM kucha aisI sIle milI hai, jina para yogI dhyAnamudrA meM baiThe hue yA khaDe hue dikhAye gaye hai| isase 20 : samatvayoga aura anya yoga

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pramANita hotA hai ki usa kAla meM dhyAna aura yoga kA pracalana thaa| mohanajodar3o aura harappA kI saMskRti bhArata kI zramaNasaMskRti kI prArambhika sthiti kahI jA sakatI hai| yaha spaSTa hai ki jaba vaidika paramparA meM yajJa yA balidAna (batapapime) kA pracalana thA, taba zramaNa-paramparA ke logo meM yoga aura dhyAna kI paddhati adhika rUcikara thii| merA vicAra hai ki yaha prArambhika zramaNa-paramparA hI kucha kAloparAnta vibhinna zAkhAoM meM vibhAjita hogaI, jaise jaina, bauddha, sAMkhya-yoga, AjIvaka tathA anya choTe-choTe zramaNa smprdaay| yadyapi tatkAlIna upaniSadIya paramparA meM zramaNa aura vaidika paramparA ke samanvaya kA prayatna huA thA aura vartamAna meM pracalita paMtajali kI yogapaddhati usI samanvaya kA pratiphala hai, lekina hameM isa tathya para avazya dhyAna denA cAhiye ki usameM zramaNa paramparA ke lakSaNa (Sramanic feature) prabhAvIrUpa se pramukha (Dominating) haiN| Agama pUrva kAla meM jainayoga aura paMtajali kA aSTAMga yoga - isa prAcIna kAla meM yAnI Agama yuga ke pUrva meM jainayoga para anya yoga-paddhatiyoM ke prabhAva kI khoja karanA bahuta kaThina hai, kyoMki isa kAla ma hameM yoga aura dhyAna ke kisI eka vyavasthita saMgaThana kI jAnakArI nahIM milatI, sivAya rAmaputta ke, jinase svayaM bhagavAna buddha ne dhyAna kI kucha paddhatiyA~ sIkhI thii| yaha jAnanA bhI rUcikara hogA ki rAmaputta kA ullekha kucha prAcIna stara ke jaina graMthoM meM bhI upalabdha hai- jaise sUtrakRtAMga (3/62), aMtakRddAzAMga, sthAnAMga 10/113 aura RSibhAsita (23) / merA vizvAsa hai ki vartamAna kI vipazyanA aura prekSAdhyAna kI paddhatiyA~ bhI mUlataH rAmaputta kI dhyAnasAdhanA paddhati para hI AdhArita hai| 2. Agamayuga ___pAramparika rUpa se to yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki jainayoga aura dhyAna-prakriyA (Meditation Practices) kA prArambha prathama tIrthakara RSabhadeva se huA thaa| aitihAsika dRSTi se bhI yaugika sAdhanA aura dhyAna kA Arambhika ullekha AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga aura RSibhASita jaise prArambhika jaina AgamoM meM bhI milatA hai| AcArAMga ke 9veM adhyAya upadhAnasUtra meM, bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA svayaM apanAI gaI, dhyAna kI trATaka paddhati kA ullekha hai| sUtrakRtAMga ke 6TeM adhyAya meM prAcIna prekSA-dhyAna-paddhati ke bhI saMketa hai| usameM bhagavAna mahAvIra ko sarvottama dhyAnIsaMta ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| unako vAstavika dhArmika prakriyAoM, mana kI samatvayoga aura anya yoga : 21

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sthiratA (Steadeness of mind) prekSA aura Atma sajagatA (self awarene) kA anubhava thaa| sUtrakRtAga ke 8veM adhyAya meM yaha ullekha bhI hai ki Atmonnati evaM mukti (emancipation) ke pramukha sAghana haiM- dhyAna, yoga aura titiikssaa| __ yoga aura dhyAna kI pUrNatA vyakti kI apane zarIra ke prati rahI huI Asakti ke tyAga se ho sakatI hai (8/26) jise jaina vicAra dhArA meM kAyotsarga kahA jAtA haiN| isa Agamika kAla meM pataMjali kI yoga kI aSTasopAna vAlI paddhati meM se prANAyAma ko choDakara sapta sopAnoM kA ullekha jaina AgamoM meM milatA hai| pataMjali kI yaugika prakriyA ke nimnAkita aSTa sopAna hai1. yama, (Vows) - vrata 2. niyama, (upporty Vow) - sahAyaka vrata 3. Asana, (bodily Postures)- zArIrika mudrA sthitiyA~ 4. prANAyAma, (Contratting of resfiration)- zvAsa kA niyaMtraNa 5. pratyAhAra, (Contratting of souse organs) jJAnedriyoM kA niyatraNa 6. dhAraNA, (Contratting of mentalactvition) mAnasika kriyAoM kA niyaMtraNa 7. dhyAna, (Contratting of mind) mana kI ekAgratA 8. samAghi (Equaminilty of mind or ceas ation of mind) mana kI samatA yA mana kA nirodha isa kAla ke jaina sAhitya meM hameM jainayoga sAdhanA ke jo sAta aMga to milate hai, kintu ve kucha bhinna nAmoM se hai| sthAnakavAsI jaina sampradAya ke AcArya AtmArAmajI ne "jaina AgamoM meM aSTAMga yoga" nAmaka pustaka meM pataMjali kI yoga-paddhati ke ina AThoM aMgoM kA jaina yoga-sAdhanA paddhati ke sAtha tulanAtmaka vivaraNa bhI diyA hai| unake anusAra pataMjali ke pA~ca yamoM ko jainiyoM meM pA~ca mahAvratoM ke nAma se mAnya kiyA gayA haiN| pA~ca mahAvrato ke nAma bhI vahI hai aura eka jaise haiM, jaise ki ve pataMjali ke yogasUtra meM hai| jaina sAdhanA meM pA~ca mahAvrata ye hai- 1. ahiMsA 2. satya 3. asteya 4. brahmacarya aura 5. aprigrh| pataMjali ne apane yogasUtra meM inhe pA~ca yamoM ke nAma se ullekhita kiyA hai| kintu usameM ina pA~ca yamoM ko pA~ca mahAvrato ke nAma se bhI ullekhita kiyA gayA hai| 2. niyama - paMtaMjali kI yoga-sAdhanA kA dvitIya sopAna niyama hai| pataMjali ke 22 : samatvayoga aura anya yoga

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yogasUtra meM pA~ca niyama isa prakAra batAe gayo hai- 1. zauca 2. saMtoSa 3. tapa 4. svAdhyAya aura 5. Izvara praNidhAna (1.Piousness, 2. Satisfaction, 3. Penance, 4. Study of scriptures and 5. Meditation of the true nature of God or self) __ jaina dharmagraMtho meM ye pA~ca niyama bhI kucha bhinna nAmoM se svIkAra kiye gaye hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM bhagavAna mahAvIra somila ko samajhAte hue kahate haiM ki merI sAdhanA paddhati cha: prakAra kI hai- 1. tapa, 2. niyama, 3. saMyama, 4. svAdhyAya, 5.dhyAna aura 6. Avazyaka (Atma sajagatA ke sAtha anivArya kartavyoM kA pAlana) jaina AgamoM meM inameM se tapa aura svAdhyAya kA ullekha unhIM nAmoM se huA hai, saMtoSa kA saMyama ke nAma se aura Izvara praNighAna kA dhyAna sAdhanA ke nAma se ullekha huA hai| RSibhASita ke prathama adhyAya meM hameM zauca kA bhI ullekha mila jAtA hai| yadyapi jaina AgamoM meM zauca kA ullekha milatA haiM, tathApi jainiyoM meM zauca kA artha zArIrika zuddhi nahIM hai, kintu ve use mAnasika zuddhi, arthAta hRdaya kI zuddhatA mAnate hai| jaina vicAradhArA aura pataMjali yogasUtra dono hI yaha mAnate haiM ki ye niyama yamoM yA mahAvratoM ke liye sahAyaka hai| yahA~ hama yaha bhI kaha sakateM hai ki pA~ca mahAvratoM kI paccIsa bhAvanAoM yA battIsayoga saMgraha ko bhI pataMjali ke niyamoM kI hI taraha mAnA jA sakatA hai| 3. Asana pataMjali kI yogasAdhanA kA tRtIya aMga Asana (Bodily postures vizeSa zArIrika sthiti) hai| inameM se aneka Asana jaina paramparA meM kAyAklezatapa ke nAma se mAne gaye hai, jo ki bAhya tapo kA chaThavA~ prakAra haiN| bhagavatI, aupApatika aura dazAzrutaskaMgha jaise jaina Agama grantho meM bhI hameM aneka prakAra se AsanoM ke nAma milate hai jaina dharma granthoM meM aisA bhI ullekha hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kevalajJAna ko goduhAsana meM prApta kiyA thaa| 4. prANAyAma pataMjali kI yogapaddhati kA caturtha sopAna prANAyAma hai| jaina Agama sAhitya meM isake sambandha meM hameM koI spaSTa nirdezana nahIM milatA hai, kevala AvazyakasUtra kI cUrNi bhAga ...... pR. 65 (7vIM zatI) meM yaha ullekha milatA hai ki vArSika pratikramaNa (Yearly penitential retreat) ke avasara para vyakti ko eka hajAra zvAsocchavAsa kA dhyAna (kAyotsarga) karanA caahiye| isI prakAra cAturmAsika samatvayoga aura anya yoga : 23

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pratikramaNa ke avasara para pA~ca sau zvAsocchavAsa kA, pakSika pratikramaNa ke avasara para do sau pacAsa zvAsocchavAsa kA, daivasika pratikramaNa ke avasara para eka sau aura rAtrikAlIna pratikramaNa ke samaya pacAsa zvAsocchavAsa kA dhyAna karanA caahiye| jJAtavya hai ki yahA~ eka zvAsa ko lene aura chor3ane ke kAla ko milAkara eka zvAsocchavAsa kahA gayA hai| mere vicAra se yaha aisA hI thA jaisA ki Aja bhI bauddha saMpradAya ke vipazyanA dhyAna-sAdhanA kI AnApAnasati aura terApaMtha jaina sampradAya ke AcArya mahAprajJa ke prekSAdhyAna kI zvAsa-prekSA kI paddhati hai| prAMrabhika jaina dhArmika granthoM meM kuMbhaka, pUraka, recaka, kA koI saMdarbha mujhe nahIM milA, yadyapi bAda meM jaina AcArya zubhacandra aura hemacandra ne apane grantha kramazaH jJAnArNava aura yogazAstra meM aneka prakAra ke prANAyAmoM kA ullekha kiyA haiN| 5. pratyAhAra pataMjali yoga sUtra kA pA~cavA sopAna pratyAhAra hai| pratyAhAra kA artha hai apanI jJAnendriyoM para niyaMtraNa rkhnaa| jainadharma meM isakA vistArapUrvaka vivecana pratisaMlInatA nAma se chaThave bAhyatapa ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai| aneka jaina AgamoM meM indriya-saMyama nAma se bhI yoga ke isa pA~cave aMga kA varNana huA haiM uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke 32 veM adhyAya (21/86) me isakA vizada vivecana hai| 6. dhAraNA pataMjali kI yogasAdhanA paddhati ke chaTaveM, sAtaveM aura AThaveM sopAna kramazaH dhAraNA, dhyAna, samAdhi hai| yadyapi jaina tarkazAstra meM matijJAna kA cauthA prakAra dhAraNA ke rUpa meM mAnA jAtA hai, kintu vahA~ dhAraNA kA Azaya jaina tarkazAstra kI apekSA se hai| pataMjali kI yogapaddhati se vaha kucha bhinna bhI hai| pataMjali kI yoga sAdhanA-paddhati meM dhAraNA kA artha hai mana kI ekAgratA, jaba ki jaina sAhitya meM dhAraNA kA artha hai anubhavoM kA dhAraNA karanA (Retention of our experiences) pataMjali kI dhAraNA kA Azaya jaina saMpradAya ke dhyAna se bahuta kucha milatA julatA hai| 7. dhyAna jaina paramparA meM sAmAnyataH dhyAna kA artha hai- kisI vastu yA mAnasika saMkalpanA para mana kI ekAgratA (concentration of mind on some object or a thought) unake anusAra hamAre vicAra aura unakA kartA mana caMcala yA asthira hai| mana ke niyamana ke dvArA mana kI ekAgratA ko dhyAna kahA jAtA hai| ataH jainoM 24 : samatvayoga aura anya yoga

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ke anusAra dhyAna cAra prakAra ke ho sakate haiM- 1. ArttadhyAna - sAMsarika icchAoM kI pUrti ke liye mana kI ekAgratA 2. raudradhyAna - hiMsAtmaka kriyAoM ke liye mana kI ekAgratA 3. dharmadhyAna - udAra evaM udAtta vicAroM para yA svaMya kI ora dUsaroM kI bhalAI ke vicAra para mana kI ekAgratA 4. zukladhyAna-mana zukladhyAna meM apanI ekAgratA kA kSetra kramazaH sImita kara letA hai aura aMtataH vicAra sthira tathA gatirahita yA nirvikalpa ho jAte haiM / 8. samAdhi pataMjali ke anusAra mana, vANI aura kAyA kI vikalpa evaM gati rahita sthiti samAdhi hai / dUsare zabdoM meM yaha mana kI aisI nirvikalpa avasthA hai, jisameM svayaM kA bAhya jagat se saMbandha TUTa jAtA hai / pataMjali yoga ke tIna AMtarika aMga dhAraNA, dhyAna aura samAdhi jaina mAnyatA ke dhyAna se hI jur3e hue hai / dhAraNA aura dhyAna ko dharma dhyAna kI vibhinna sthitiyoM meM samAhita kiyA jA sakatA hai aura samAdhi ko zukla-dhyAna meM / anya prakAra se hama pataMjali ke dhAraNA aura dhyAna ko jaina mAnyatA ke dhyAna ke aMtargata mAna sakate hai aura samAdhi ko jaina mAnyatA ke "kAyotsarga" ke aMtargata / yahA~ yaha jAna lenA Avazyaka hai ki pataMjali yoga - paddhati meM dhAraNA, dh yAna aura samAdhi - ina tInoM ko yoga-sAdhanA ke AMtarika aMga mAnA jAtA hai aura AMtarika aMga hone se ve eka-dUsare se svataMtra nahIM hai, lekina ve eka dUsare se sambaddha yA anusyUta hai, kyoki dhAraNA ke binA dhyAna saMbhava nahIM hai aura dhyAna ke binA samAdhi saMbhava nahIM hai| 9. trividhayoga yadyapi isa Agama yuga meM aSTAMga yoga ke dhyAna aura anya aMga jainiyoM meM pracalita the, kintu tatkAlIna jaina sAdhanA mukti ke tripakSIya yA catuHpakSIya mArga meM kendrita thI- udAraNArtha samyak-darzana yA samyak zraddhAna (Right-Faith). samyak-jJAna (Right- knowledge) samyak - caritra (Right-conduct ) aura samyak-tapa yA Atma saMyama / inameM se samyak - caritra aura samyak - tapa ko eka hI mAnakara umAsvAti aura anya jaina AcAryo ne mukti kA tripakSIya mArga batAyA hai / mukti kA yaha tripakSIya mArga sAmAnyataH hinduoM aura bauddhoM meM bhI mAnya rahA hai / hinduoM meM yaha bhaktiyoga, jJAnayoga aura karmayoga ke rUpa meM aura bauddho meM zIla, samAdhi aura prajJA ke rUpa meM svIkArya hai / samyak - jJAna kI tulanA gItA samatvayoga aura anya yoga 25

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ke jJAnayoga se aura bauddho kI prajJA ke sAtha kI jA sakatI hai| isI prakAra samyak - dRSTikoNa yA samyak zraddhA kI tulanA gItA ke bhaktiyoga aura bauddho kI samyak - dRSTi ke sAtha tathA samyak - caritra kI tulanA gItA ke karmayoga aura bauddho ke zIla ke sAtha ho sakatI haiN| lekina yahA~ hameM isa tathya ke prati saceta rahanA cAhiye ki - hindu vicArakoM ke anusAra mukti kI prApti ke liye mAnya sAdhanoM ke ina tInoM aMgo meM se kisI bhI eka aMga kA anugamana paryApta hai, arthAt mAtra jJAnayoga, karmayoga yA bhaktiyoga se bhI mukti saMbhava hai / kintu jaina vicAraka isase sahamata nahIM hai| unake anusAra sAdhanA ke ina tIno aMgoM meM se eka kA bhI abhAva ho to mukti kI prApti aMsabhava hai / isa prakAra jainoM ko ina tInoM prakAra ke yogoM arthAt bhaktiyoga, jJAnayoga, karmayoga kA saMzliSTa rUpa hI mAnya hai / yahA~ yaha dRSTavya hai ki jainoM kA yaha tripakSIya mArga bhI sAmayika yA samattvayoga kI sAdhanA meM samAhita ho sakatA hai| jaino ke lie samyak - dRSTi yA samyak-zraddhA, samyak- jJAna aura samyak cAritra kA utkRSTa sammizraNa samatvayoga hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra (28 / 30 ) meM kahA gayA hai ki samyak dRSTikoNa yA zraddhA ke binA samyak - jJAna saMbhava nahIM hai aura samyak - jJAna ke binA samyak cAritra bhI saMbhava nahIM aura samyak cAritra yA AcaraNa ke binA mukti bhI aprApta hI hai| isa prakAra mukti kI prApti ke liye ye tInoM Avazyaka hai| samatvayoga jainiyoM kA mUla saiddhAMtikayoga yA tAtvikayoga - (fundamental yoga of jainism) sAmayika yA samatvayoga hai| yaha jainiyoM kI eka pramukha avadhAraNA hai aura bhikSu aura gRhastha ke SaT kartavyoM meM sarvaprathama hai| prAkRta zabda samAiya (samaiy) kA agrejI meM anuvAda aneka prakAra se huA hai, jaise citta kI sthiratA (observance of equaminity), saba jIvoM ko apane samAna samajhanA (viewing all the living beings as one's own self), samatA kI bhAvanA vyakti ke vyavahAra meM saMtulana kI sthiti (harmanious state of ones behaviour), vyaktitva kI kramika pUrNatA ke sAtha mana, vANI aura zarIra kI kriyAoM meM pavitratA yA pUrNa sadAcAra kA paripAlana (integration of personality as well as rightousness of one's mind, body and specch) Adi / AcArya kuMdakuMda ne bhI 'samAhi' (samAdhi) pada kA prayoga sAmAyika ke Azaya se kiyA hai jahA~ isakA artha hai cetanA kI tanAva mukta sthiti athavA AtmasaMyama kI sthiti (tentionless state 26 : samatvayoga aura anya yoga

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of conciousness or a state of self absorption ) sAmAnya rUpa se sAmAyika zabda kA artha hai - aisA viziSTa AdhyAtmika abhyAsa, jisake dvArA vyakti citta kI sthiratA ko prApta kara sake ( particular religious practice through which one can attain equanimity of mind) / yaha apane Apa meM eka sAdhya ke sAtha sAtha sAdhanA bhI haiM / sAdhanA ke rUpa meM yaha citta kI nirvikalpa sthiti ko prApta karane kA abhyAsa hai aura sAdhya ke rUpa meM yaha eka aisI sthiti hai, jisameM vyakti vaikalpika kAmanAoM, AvegoM aura udvegoM, rAga-dveSa aura icchAoM kI daur3a-dhUpa se pUrNataH mukta rahatA hai / yaha AtmalInatA (self - absorption ) athavA svayaM kI Atma zAnti (resting in one's own self) kI sthiti haiM / isa kAla meM jaina yoga para anya yoga paddhatiyoM kA prabhAva prArambhika kAla meM kisI eka yoga-paddhati para anya yoga-paddhati kA prabhAva darzAnA bahuta kaThina hai, kyoki tatkAlIna dhArmika grantha yA sAhitya meM aise koI bhI nizcita pramANa hameM nahIM milate haiM, jinase eka kA prabhAva dUsare para siddha ho sake / usa (prArambhika ) kAla meM bhArata kI 'zrAmaNika paramparA (ramanic trend) vibhinna prakAra ke nizcayAtmaka sampradAyoM bhUmikAoM meM vibhAjita nahIM huI thI, kintu isa dvitIya kAla meM jise Agama yuga ( canonical period) mAnA jAtA hai, dArzanika vicAroM ke vibhinna vargoM ne apane viziSTa nAmoM ke sAtha eka nizcita rUpa grahaNa kara liyA thA, jaise jaina, bauddha, AjIvaka, sAMkhya, yoga aadi| isa kAla meM jainayoga aura bauddhayoga tathA pataMjali ke yoga meM aneka prakAra kI samAnatAe~ milatI haiN| paM. sukhalAlajI ne apanI 'tatvArthasUtra' kI bhUmikA (pR. 55) meM ina samAnatAoM kA vistAra se vivecana kiyA hai, lekina ina samAnatAoM ke AdhAra para eka kA prabhAva dUsare para siddha karanA bahuta kaThina haiN| yadyapi sAmAnyataH yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai, ki ina sabhI paddhatiyoM kA eka hI mUla srota rahA hai, jisase ye vikasita huI hai aura vaha eka srota thA - bhAratIya zramaNa - paramparA' / paravartI kAla me vizeSa rUpa se Agama yuga meM hameM pataMjali ke yogasUtra aura umAsvAti ke tatvArthasUtra meM kucha samAnatAe~ avazya milatI hai, lekina unake nAmakaraNa aura vyAkhyAe~ alaga alaga prakAra se huI hai- isase eka kA prabhAva dUsare para siddha nahIM ho sakatA / yadyapi paM. sukhalAlajI ne apane tatvArthasUtra kI bhUmikA (pR. 55) meM tatvArthasUtra aura yogadarzana meM samAna mAnyatA ke ikkIsa vicAra - bindu diye hai, ye samatvayoga aura anya yoga 27

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eka jaise lakSaNa kevala samAnatA darzAte hai, lekina kucha ko chor3a unake nAma aura Azaya sarvathA bhinna haiM aura isa bhinnatA ke kAraNa hama yaha nahIM kaha sakate haiM ki eka paddhati ne inako dUsarI paddhati se liyA hai, isase kevala unake eka hI srota kA patA calatA hai, ki isa Agama kAla ( canonical age) meM jainiyoM kI unakI apanI eka viziSTa dhyAna-paddhati rahI thI / yaha bhI pUrI taraha mAnya thA ki usake dvArA sAdhanA ke antima lakSya mokSa ko prApta ( ultimate end of emancipation) kiyA jA sakatA thaa| jaina dharma ke grantho meM jinabhadra ke dhyAnazataka meM dhyAna cAra prakAra kA mAnA gayA- ArtadhyAna, raudradhyAna, dharmadhyAna aura zukladhyAna / ina cAra prakAra ke dhyAnoM meM prathama do- ArtadhyAna aura rUdradhyAna bandhana kA kAraNa hone se tyAjya mAne gaye theM aura atiMma do- dharmadhyAna tathA zukladhyAna mokSa ( emancipation) kA kAraNa hone se grAhya mAne gaye the / mere vicAra meM dhyAna ke ina cAra prakAroM kA vargIkaraNa kevala jaina AcAryo kI hI dena hai, anya kisI bhI bhAratIya sAdhanA-paddhati meM isa prakAra kA vargIkaraNa aura dhyAna ke ye nAma bhI hameM nahI milate hai / isaliye hama yaha niSkarSa nikAla sakate haiM, ki kucha samAna lakSaNoM (comman feature) ke AdhAra eka kA dUsare para prabhAva darzAnA bahuta kaThina hai / isI prakAra 'samatvayoga' jainayoga kI eka pramukha mAnyatA (key concept) hai sAmAnyataH bauddha aura hindu sAdhanA paddhati kA lakSya to vahI hai, bhagavadgItA meM toM vizeSa rUpa se samatva kI sAdhanA ko hI yoga kahA gayA hai| lekina hama yaha nahIM kaha sakate hai ki samatvayoga kI yaha avadhAraNA jaino ne hinduoM se lI hai, kyoMki AcArAMga meM bhI isa tathya ko pratipAdita kiyA gayA / AcArAMga gItA se pUrvakAla kA grantha hai / 3. Agamika vyAkhyAkAla meM hirabhadra dvArA ullekhita vibhanna yoga jainayoga ke vikAsa kI dRSTi se yaha kAla bahuta mahatvapUrNa hai, isake do kAraNa hai| sarvaprathama yaha ki isa kAla meM jaina paramparA meM yoga sambandhI vipula sAhitya likhA gayA aura usameM vibhinna yogoM kA ullekha huA / dUsare isI kAla meM anya yoga paddhatiyoM ke jainayoga para Aye prabhAva ko bhI spaSTa rUpa se dekhA jA sakatA hai| isa kAla ke jaina sAhitya meM hameM nimna yoga sambandhI ullekha milate hai jaise:- pAMca- yama ( mahAvrata). pAMca - niyama kucha Asana (zArIrika sthitiyA~) indriyo kA niyaMtraNa aura kucha dArzanika tathA dhArmika nirdezana ke sAtha vividha prakAra ke dhyaan| lekina isa prakAra ke yoga sambandhI vivaraNa ko pUrI taraha 28 : samatvayoga aura anya yoga

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jainayoga nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai / mere vicAra se jaina paramparA meM dhyAna para prathama kRti hai, jinabhadragaNi kI dhyAnazataka (6TI zatAbdI), isameM dhyAna kI jaina Agamika paddhati kA pUrNataH anusaraNa dekhA jAtA hai aura yaha samagra rUpa se jaina-dharma granthoM (jain canonical work) jaise ki sthAnAMga tathA anya jainAgamo para AdhArita hai / sthAnAMga meM 'dhyAna' ke mukhya cAra prakAroM aura inake upabhedoM kA varNana hai, sAtha hI 1. unake viSaya (their objects), 2. unake lakSaNa (their signs), 3. unakI AlaMbana (their conditions), 4. unakI bhAvanA (their reflextion) kA bhI ullekha haiM, lekina dhyAnazataka kA dhyAna kA yaha vivaraNa bhI pUrI taraha jaina Agama paramparA ke anusAra hI hai, yadyapi isameM kucha anya bAtoM kA bhI vivaraNa hai jaise- dhyAna ke upabheda, dhyAna kA samaya, dhyAna ke udAharaNa, dhyAtA kI yogyatA (ualities of meditator), dhyAna ke pariNAma Adi / jinabhadra ne inameM se prathama do azubha dhyAnoM (unauspicwous dhyanas) kA saMkSepa meM aura aMtima do zubha dhyAnoM (uspicious dhyanas) kA vistAra se varNana kiyA hai, kyoki unake anusAra prathama do dhyAna bandhana ke kAraNa hai (causes of bondage), jabaki aMtima do dhyAna mokSa ke sAdhana hai (the means of emancipation) aura isIliye unako yoga- sAdhanA ke aMga mAnA gayA haiN| jinabhadragaNi aura pUjyapAda devanandI ke pazcAt haribhadra aise jaina AcArya hue hai, jinakA jainayoga paddhati kI purnaracanA (Reconstrnction of jain yog) meM aura anya yoga paddhatiyoM ke sAtha jainayoga paddhati ke samanvaya ke kSetra meM avadAna rahA haiN| unhoMne jainayoga saMbadhI 4 mahatvapUrNa granthoM kI racanA kI hai- yogaviMzikA, yogazataka, yogabindu, aura yogadRSTisamuccaya / AcArya haribhadra hI eka aise vyakti haiM, jinhoMne jaina paramparA meM yoga zabda kI paribhASA ko pahalI bAra badala diyA / jaisA ki pUrva meM ullekha kiyA jA cukA hai, Agamayuga ( canonical period) meM 'yoga' zabda bandhana kA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| jabaki AcArya haribhadra ne yoga ko mokSa kA sAdhana ke rUpa meM paribhASita kiyA hai| unake anusAra samasta AdhyAtmika aura dhArmika kriyAe~, jo aMta meM mokSa taka le jAtI hai - yoga hai / I haribhadra ne apane sampUrNa yoga sAhitya meM sAmAnyataH yahI mata vyakta kiyA hai ki sabhI dhArmika aura AdhyAtmika kriyAe~ jo ki mokSa taka pahu~cAtI hai, yoga ke rUpa meM mAnya hai / yaha dRSTavya hai ki unhoMne apane yoga sAhitya meM yoga ko bhinna prakAra se samajhAyA haiM / prathama to yaha ki unhoMne apanI yogaviMzikA samatvayoga aura anya yoga 29

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(vogavinsika) meM yoga ke nimna 5 bheda batAyeM haiN| 1. sthAnayoga arthAt Asana kA abhyAsa (practice of proper posture) 2. urNayoga arthAt dhvani kA sahI uccAraNa (correct uttarence of sound) arthayoga - dhArmika yoga granthoM ke artha ko sahI rUpa meM samajhAnA (proper understanding of the meaning of canonical work) Alambanayoga - kisI viziSTa lakSya jaise jinapratimA Adi para mana kI ekAgratA (concentration of mind on a object as jina image etc.) isa avasthA meM jina ke yA AtmA ke amUrta guNoM (abstract qualities of jina or self) ke cintana meM cittavRtti kI ekAgratA (concentration of thought) hotI hai| anAlambanayoga - isa pA~cavI sthiti ko AtmA yA mana kI vicArahIna avasthA (thoughtless state of the self) yA nirvikalpadazA bhI kahA jA sakatA haiN| yoga ke ina pA~ca bhedoM me se prathama do yoga sAdhanA ke bAhya pakSa se jur3e hue hai aura aMtima tIna yoga sAdhanA ke AMtarika pakSa se, dUsare zabdoM meM prathama do yoga karma-yoga haiM aura aMtima tIna yoga jJAna-yoga haiN| haribhadra ne apane yogabindu nAmaka grantha meM yoga ke anya 5 bhedoM kA varNana kiyA hai AdhyAtmika jIvana dRSTi (spiritual vision) yA AdhyAtmayoga vaicArika ekAgratA (couter ptation) yA bhAvanAyoga cittavRtti kI ekAgratA yA dhyAnayoga 4. mAnasika samatva (mental equaminity) samatAyoga mana, vANI aura kAyA kI samasta kriyAoM kA nirodha (ceasetion of all the activities of mind, speech and body) arthAt vRtti-saMkSayayoga kintu haribhadra ne apane 'yogadRSTisamuccaya' meM yoga ke kevala tIna bheda batAe~ hai1. AtmAnubhUti yA yoga sAdhanA ke lie icchA (illingness for self reali_zation or yogic sadhna) arthAt icchAyoga 2. AdhyAtmika AdezoM kA anusaraNa (the followup of the spritual or ders) arthAt zAstrayoga 3. AtmA kI AdhyAtmika zaktiyoM kA vikAsa aura AdhyAtmika Antarika 1. 30: samatvayoga aura anya yoga

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UrjA kI saMprapti (development of ones spiritual powers and inhilation of spiritual inertia) arthAt sAmarthyayoga haribhadra ke "yogadRSTisamuccaya" meM pratipAdita yoga ke ina tIna prArUpoM kI jainiyoM ke triratna (three jwels) ke sAtha tulanA bhI kI jA sakatI hai, arthAt samyak-darzana (right vision), samyaka-jJAna (right knowledge) aura samyaka-cAritra (right conduct). kyoMki ye triratna jainiyoM meM mokSamArga yA dUsare zabdoM meM mokSa ke patha hai, isaliye ye yoga hai| yahA~ yaha ullekhanIya hai ki yadyapi yoga ke vibhinna aMgoM yA sopAnoM ke sambandha meM haribhadra ne apane grantha meM aneka prakAra ke mantavyoM ko prakaTa kiyA hai, kintu eka bAta unhoMne sAmAnya rUpa se svIkAra kI hai ki yoga vaha hai jo mokSa se jor3a de| yahA~ hama haribhadra para kulArNavatantra tathA anya yoga granthoM kA prabhAva dekha sakate hai, kyoMki inhoMne bhI kulayogI kA ullekha bhI kiyA hai, lekina sAmAnyataH haribhadra ne bhogavAdI tAntrika sAdhanA kI AlocanA hI kI hai| isakAla meM haribhadra ke bAda do anya jaina AcAryA hue hai- 1. zubhacandra (11vI sadI) aura 2. hemacandra (12vI sadI) jinakA avadAna jaina yoga ke kSetra meM mahatvapUrNa hai, lekina ye donoM AcArya hindU-tantra se bahuta adhika prabhAvita (dominated) hai| inameM zubhacandra digambara jaina paramparA se saMbaddha hai aura unakA prasiddha yoga sambandhI grantha "jJAnArNava' ke rUpa meM jAnA jAtA hai| hemacandra zvetAmbara jaina paramparA se saMbaddha hai, aura unakA ullekhanIya grantha "yogazAstra ke rUpa meM jAnA jAtA hai| yaugika sAdhanA ke liye zubhacandra ne maMgalakArI dhyAna (uspicious meditation) kI pUrva taiyArI (prerequisite of auspicious meditation) ke liye 4 prakAra kI bhAvanAe~ (vinata visaka apatajaname) batAI hai1. maitrI- sabhI prANiyoM ke sAtha mitratA kA bhAva (friendship with all beings) pramoda- dUsaroM ke guNoM kI praMzasA kI vRtti (appriciations of lee merits of others) karUNA-abhAvagrasta logoM ke prati sahAnubhUti (sympathy towards the needy persons) 4. mAdhyastha-virodhI janoM yA anaitika AcaraNa karane vAloM ke prati samabhAva (equanimity or indeference towar unruly) dRSTavya hai ki ye samatvayoga aura anya yoga : 31 2.

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cAra bhAvanAe~ (four reflexion) bauddho meM aura pataMjali ke yogasUtra meM samAna rUpa se mAnI gaye hai| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki dharmadhyAna kI vivecanA karate hue inane usake cAra prakAra batAe- piMDastha, padastha, rUpastha aura ruupaatiit| sAtha hI piNDastha dhyAna kI dhAraNA ke pA~ca bhedapArthivI, AgneyI, vAyavI (zvasana), vArUNI aura tatvarUpavatI batAye hai| yahA~ yaha ullekhanIya hai ki ye cAra prakAra ke dhyAnoM meM dharma yAna kI pA~ca prakAra kI dhAraNAe~ bauddha aura hindU tAMtrika granthoM meM hI pAyI jAtI hai, prAcIna jaina sAhitya meM nhii| zubhacandra ke bAda jainayoga ke anya pramukha AcArya hai- hemacandra / yadyapi hemacandra ne apane yogazAstra meM sAmAnyataH jainoM ke triratnoM- samyagjJAna, samyagdarzana aura samyak-caritra arthAt jJAnayoga, zaktiyoga aura karmayoga kA hI vivecana kiyA hai, lekina isameM unhoMne samyak-caritra para hI bahuta adhika jora diyA hai| dhyAna ke cAra prakAro kA vivecana karate hue unhoMne bhI piMDastha, padastha, rUpastha aura rUpAtIta dhyAna kA varNana upayukta pA~ca dhAraNAoM ke sAtha kiyA haiN| lekina isa saMdarbha meM vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki unhoMne ye vicAra zubhacandra ke jJAnArNava se liye haiN| yaha grantha unake yogazAstra se pahale kA hai| saMkSepa meM dhyAna aura dhAraNA ke ye bheda pahale zubhacandra ne hindUtantra se liye aura taba hemacandra ne zubhacandra kA anugamana kiyaa| isa prakAra isa kAla meM jaina yoga para anya yogasAdhanAoM kA prabhAva saralatA se dekhA jA sakatA hai isakAla meM anya yoga paddhati kA jainiyoM para prabhAva jinabhadra ke dhyAnazataka aura pUjyapAda ke samAdhizataka isakAla kI prArambhika kRtiyA~ hai, jinameM hameM anya yoga sAdhanA paddhatiyoM kA prabhAva nahIM dikhAI detA haiN| kyoMki jaina sAhitya meM dhyAnazataka evaM samAdhizataka meM hI jainoM kI mAnyatA ke anusAra cAra dhyAnoM kA varNana hai| isakAla meM jaina yoma para anya yoga paddhatiyoM ke prabhAva ko zubhacandra aura hemacandra ke granthoM para dekhA jA sakatA hai| haribhadra ne apane yoga sambandhI granthoM meM yoga sAdhanA kI vibhinna sthitiyoM kA varNana alaga hI nAmoM se kiyA hai| yaha spaSTa hai ki ve mUlataH brAhmaNa paramparA se sambaddha rahe hai, isaliye isameM koI saMdeha nahIM ki ve anya yoga granthoM se prabhAvita rahe hai| lekina eka bAta bahuta hI spaSTa hai ki ve jaina yoga paramparA ke 32 : samatvayoga aura anya yoga

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prati pUrI taraha ImAnadAra rahe hai| hindU paramparA ke yogavaMziSTha meM yoga-sAdhanA kI tIna sthitiyA~ hai- 1. sampUrNa samarpaNa 2. mAnasika zAMti aura 3. zarIra tathA mana kI kriyAoM kA pUrNa nirodh| haribhadra ne bhI apane yogadRSTisamuccaya meM jina tIna yogoM kA ullekha kiyA hai- 1. icchAyoga 2. zAstrayoga aura 3. sAmarthyayoga- ve jainoM ke triratna para AdhArita hai| inameM se icchAyoga-sampUrNa samarpaNa ke samAna hai kyoMki isake anta meM apanI koI icchA bacatI hI nahIM hai aura sAmarthya yoga yogavAziSTha kI anya do sthitiyoM mAnasika zAMti tathA zarIra mana kI saMpUrNa kriyAoM ke nirodha ke samAna hai| yogabindu meM haribhadra ne yoga ke nimna prakAra batAe hai AdhyAtmayoga (spiritualism)- AdhyAtmikatA bhAvanAyoga (contemplation)- dhAraNA dhyAnayoga (meditation)- dhyAna 4. samatAyoga (equanimity of mind)- mana kI samatA sthiti 5: vRttisaMkSayayoga (ceasetion of all activties of mind, body and speech) mana, vANI aura zarIra kI saba kriyAoM kA nirodhayoga ke ina pA~ca bhedoM meM AdhyAtmayoga ko anya yogapaddhatiyoM meM "mahAyoga" ke rUpa meM mAnya kiyA gayA hai| bhAvanA aura dhyAna kI avadhAraNAe~ hindU yogapaddhati meM bhI hai| samatAyoga aura vRttisaMkSaya-yoga jaisA ki hama dekha hI cuke hai, ye donoM yoga yogavAziSTha meM bhI ullekhita hai aura vRttisaMkSaya-yoga, laya-yoga ke antargata AtA hai| haribhadra ne apanI yogaviMzikA meM jo cAra prakAra ke yoga batAe hai- 1. Asana (zarIra kI sthiti vizeSa body- posture) 2. UrNa (maMtroccAraNa-recitation of mantr) 3. AlaMbana aura 4. anaalNbn| Asana kI avadhAraNA pataMjali ke yogasUtra meM bhI vidyamAna hai| isI taraha UrNa ko hindU yogapaddhati meM maMtrayoga yA japayoga ke rUpa meM mAnA gayA hai aura isI taraha AlaMbana ko bhaktiyoga tathA anAlaMbana ko layayoga ke rUpa meM batAyA gayA hai| isIprakAra haribhadra dvArA ATha yogadRSTiyoM kI vyavasthA bhI pataMjali ke aSTAMga yoga ke AdhAra para kI gaI haiN| yadyapi haribhadra ne ina vibhinna avadhAraNAoM ko bauddha tathA hindU tantra paddhatiyoM se liyA hai, kintu unakI vizeSatA yaha hai ki unhoMne inako jaina samatvayoga aura anya yoga : 33

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paramparAnusAra vyavasthita kiyA hai aura nAma diye haiN| lekina jahA~ taka piMDastha, padastha, rUpastha aura rUpAtIta dhyAna aura unakI pArthivI, AgneyI, vAyavI aura vArUNI dhAraNAoM kA saMbaMdha hai, ve zubhacandra ke jJAnArNava meM aura hemacandra ke yogazAstra meM hindU tantravAda ke prabhAva se hI AI haiN| yahA~ eka bAta aura ullekhanIya hai ki ukta donoM granthoM meM pataMjali ke aSTAgayoga kA vistAra se varNana haiN| isaliye hameM yaha mAnanA hI cAhiye ki ukta donoM AcArya pataMjali ke yogasUtra aura anya hindU tAntrika sAhitya- jaise ki gheraNDasaMhitA, kulArNava Adi se bahuta adhika prabhAvita hue haiN| maMtra aura tantra ke prabhAva kA kAla (13vI sadI se 19vI sadI) hemacandra ke bAda aura yazovijaya ke pahale arthAta 13vI sadI se 16vI sadI taka kI cAra zatAbdiyA~ ko jainayoga kA aMdhayuga (Darkage of jain yoga) mAnA jA sakatA hai| isakAla meM jainayoga jo ki mUlataH AdhyAtmika prakAra kA thA, pUrI taraha se naipathya meM calA gayA (gone into background) aura karmakANDa pradhAna tantra aura maMtra hI pramukha ho gye| isakAla meM yogasAdhanA kA uddezya mukti yA Atmavizuddhi ke bajAya sAMsarika upalabdhiyA~ ho gayA thaa| isa prakAra yogasAdhanA kA AdhyAtmika uddezya pUrNataH bhulA diyA gayA aura usakA sthAna bhautika kalyANa aura vAsanA pUrti ne le liyaa| yadyapi ina zatAbdiyoM meM jaina sAhitya meM anya darzanoM kI AlocanA hetu bhI grantha likhe gaye, lekina yoga kI dRSTi se isa kAla kA pramukha lakSaNa tantra, mantra aura karmakAMDa, pUjA-pATha (Rituals) hI thaa| isaliye ina zatAbdiyoM meM jaina AcAryoM ne stuti-stotra pUjA-pATha tathA taMtra-maMtra sAdhanA saMbaMdhI sAhitya kI racanA kii| isa kAla ke Arambha meM zAsana-devatAoM (yakSa-yakSI), bhairava aura yoginiyoM kI pUjA adhika mahatvapUrNa ho gaI thI, jisakA uddezya bhakta kI bhautika kalyANa kI kAmanA hI thA, aura isI kAraNa aneka hindU devI-devatAoM ko zAsanarakSaka devoM ke rUpa meM jainiyoM ne pUrI taraha mAna liyaa| isa kAla ke anta meM jainayoga ke AdhyAtmika svarUpa kA punarAvartana yazovijaya (17vI zatAbdI) dvArA huA / unhoMne haribhadra ke granthoM kI TIkAe~ likhI aura usake sAtha sAtha hI AdhyAtmasAra, jJAnasAra, AdhyAtmoniSad sarIkhe maulika yoga granthoM kI racanA kI aura ina para bhI TIkAe~ bhI likhii| yahI nahIM yazovijayajI ne pataMjali ke yogasUtra para bhI eka TIkA bhI likhI hai| isI prakAra 34 : samatvayoga aura anya yoga

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isa kAla ke eka anya jaina AdhyAtmika vicAraka hue hai, jaise Anandaghana / Anandaghana ne 24 tIrthakaroM kI prazaMsA meM likhe hue apane padoM aura gItoM ke dvArA jaina AdhyAtmikatA aura yogasAdhanA kA punarAvartana kiyaa| yazovijayajI aura AnandaghanajI kA sAhitya pUrNataH haribhadra se prabhAvita hai, phira bhI una para pataMjali ke rAjayoga aura haThayoga kA prabhAva dekhA jA sakatA haiN| jaisA ki pahale hI mai kaha cukA hU~, isa kAla kA pramukha lakSaNa thA, jaina-yoga para hindU paramparA ke haThayoga kI kuMDalinI jAgaraNa aura SaTcakra bhedana kI avadhAraNA kA prabhAva jaina-yoga paramparA meM bhI AyA hai| Adhunika kAla (20vI zatAbdI) Adhunika kAla meM hama dekhate hai ki jainayoga kI sAdhanA meM bahuta aSTi ka parivartana aura vistAra huA hai| isakAla meM tanAva-mukti (tension relexation) ke eka sAdhana ke rUpa meM yoga aura dhyAna ke prati jana sAmAnya kA AkarSaNa bahuta bar3ha gayA hai| Aja mAnavajAti apane lobha aura AkAMkSAoM se utpanna tanAvoM se pUrI taraha jakaDI huI hai, burI taraha grasta haiN| yaha eka saMyoga hI thA ki zrI esa,ena, goyanakA kA varmA se bhArata loTe to bhArata meM prAcIna bauddha vipazyanA dhyAna kI upalabdhi huI jo ki prArambhika jaina sAdhanA meM bhI thii| terApaMthI jaina saMmpradAya ke AcArya mahAprajJa jI ne pahalI bAra ise goyanakA jI se samajhA aura jaina dharma ke vidhi-vidhAna saMbandhI svayaM kI jAnakArI tathA pataMjali yogasUtra ke AdhAra para dhyAna kI isa paddhati ko prekSA-dhyAna ke nAma se vyavasthita rUpa diyaa| hamAre samaya meM prekSA-dhyAna jainayoga kI eka mahatvapUrNa vidha II haiN| yadyapi kucha anya jaina sampradAyoM ke AcAryoM ne bhI dhyAna aura yoga kI unakI apanI paddhatiyA~ kA vikAsa kiyA, kintu unameM nayA kucha nahI hai, sirpha prekSA aura vipazyanA kI milAvaTa hai| yahA~ yaha bhI dRSTavya hai ki hamAre samaya kA prekSA-dhyAna bhI bauddha-jaina paramparA ke vipazyanA aura pataMjali ke aSTAMgayoga tathA haThayoga ke sAtha kucha Adhunika manovijJAnika avadhAraNAoM kA sammizraNa hai| saMkSepataH hama kaha sakate hai ki prArambhika kAla meM arthAt mahAvIra ke pahale jainayoga aura dhyAna-paddhatiyA~ to thI hI, kintu apanI prakriyA ke sambandha 1 meM aspaSTa thii| hama unako prArambha kI anya zrAmaNika paramparAoM se pRthaka nahIM kara sakate, kyoMki usase sambAndhita sAhitya tathA anya pramANoM kA abhAva hai| dvitIya kAle meM arthAt Agama kAla meM prANAyAmake atirikta pataMjali yoga sUtra samatvayoga aura anya yoga : 35

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ke anya sAta aMgoM kI sAdhanA bhI jaina sAdhuoM aura sAdhviyoM dvArA kI jAtI thIM, Agama meM unake ullekha bhI hai, lekina hameM yaha kahane kA koI adhikAra nahIM hai, ki pataMjali ne inako jainiyoM yA anya zramaNa paramparAoM se grahaNa kiyA, athavA jainiyoM aura anya zramaNa paramparAoM meM inakoM pataMjali se grahaNa kiyaa| mere vicAra se doMno ne hI inhe bhArata kI prAcIna zramaNa paramparA se hI grahaNa kiyA, jisakI ye zAkhAe~ haiN| tRtIya aura caturtha kAla ke sambandha meM hama kevala yaha kaha sakate hai ki ina kAlo meM jainiyoM ne jainayoga aura dhyAna sambandhI aneka karmakAMDa paraka paddhatiyA~ hindU aura bauddha tAntrika sAdhanAoM se grahaNa kI ina dono kAlo meM jainayoga aura dhyAna para anya paddhatiyo kA prabhAva saralatA se dekhA jA sakatA hai| vartamAna samaya meM jainayoga aura dhyAna sAdhanA punarjIvita ho gaI hai aura sAmAnyataH jaina logoM meM usake prati sajagatA hai, lekina yaha spaSTa hai ki jainayoga aura dhyAna kI vartamAna paddhatiyoM kA vikAsa pUrI taraha vipazyanA ora pataMjali ke aSTAMgayoga kI sAdhanA ke sAtha kucha Adhunika manovaijJAnika tathA dArzanika adhyayano isake AdhAra para huA hai aMta meM mai apane isa Alekha kA samApana AcArya amitagati ke "sAmAyika-pATha" ke eka sundara udvaraNa ke sAtha karanA cAhU~gA "satveSu maitrI guNiSu pramodam kliSTeSu jIveSu kRpAparatvam mAdhyastha bhAvaM viparItavRttau sadA mamAtmA vidadAtu dev|| he bhagavAna ! maiM saMsAra ke saba prANiyoM ke prati maitrIbhAva rakhU aura guNIjanoM se milane para prasannatA kA anubhava kruuN| jo atyanta duHkhI avasthA meM haiM, unakA sadA sahAyaka baneM aura apane virodhiyoM ke prati sahanazIla rhN| 36 : samatvayoga aura anya yoga

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DaoN. sAgaramala jaina janma tithi di. 22.02.1932 janma sthAna zAjApura (ma.pra.) zikSA sAhityaratna : 1954 ema.e. (darzana zAstra): 1963 pI-eca. DI. : 1969 akAdamika upalabdhiyA~ : pravaktA ma.pra. zAsa. zikSA sevA (1964-67), sahAyaka prAdhyApaka (1968-85), prAdhyApaka (prophesara) (1985-89), nidezaka, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI (1979-97) lekhana 30 pustakeM, 25 laghu pustikAe~ sampAdana 150 pustake sampAdaka jaina vidyA vizvakoSa (pArzvanAtha vidyApITha kI mahatvAkAMkSI pariyojanA) 'zramaNa' traimAsika zodha patrikA puraskAra pradIpakumAra rAmapuriyA puraskAra (1986,1998), svAmI praNavAnanda puraskAra (1987), DipTImala puraskAra (1992), AcArya hastImala smRti sammAna (1994), vidyAvAridhi sammAna (2003), kalAM marmajJa sammAna (2006), jaina presIDenziyala avArDa (yU.esa.e. 2007), gautamagaNadhara puraskAra (2008), AcArya tulasI prAkRta puraskAra (2009). sadasyaH akAdamika samitiH vidvat pariSada, bhopAla vizvavidyAlaya, bhopAla jaina vizvabhAratI saMsthAna lADanUM mAnada nidezaka, Agama, ahiMsA, samatA evaM prAkRta saMsthAna, udayapura / samprati saMsthApaka evaM nidezaka prAcya vidyApITha, zAjApura (ma.pra.) videza bhramaNa zikAgo, rAle, hyUsTana, nyUjarsI, uttarI karolInA, vAziMgaTana, senaphAMsisko, laoNsa eMjilsa, phinIksa, seMTa lUIsa, piTsabarga, ToraNTo, nyUyArka, kanADA aura laMdana yU. ke.| prAcya vidyApITha: eka paricaya DaoN. sAgaramala jaina pAramArthika zikSaNa nyAsa dvArA san 1997 se saMcAlita prAcya vidyApITha,zAjApura AgarA-mumbaI rASTrIya rAjamArga para sthita isa saMsthAna kA mukhya udezya bhAratIya prAcya vidyAoM ke ucca starIya adhyayana, prazikSaNa evaM zodhakArya ke sAtha-sAtha bhAratIya sAMskRtika mUlyoM ko punaH pratiSThita karanA hai| isa vidyApITha meM jaina, bauddha aura hindu dharma Adi ke lagabhaga 12,000 durlabha grantha upalabdha hai| isake atirikta 700 hastalikhita pANDulipiyA~ bhI hai| yahA~ 40 patra patrikAe~ bhI niyamita AtI hai| Bh. 67312586HAGRAT HTTE Jain Educauon nernational Print Akrati Offset, Ujja N agdellorary.org