Mahakshatrap Raja Rudradama

Author(s): Vijayendrasuri
Publisher: Yashovijay Jain Granthmala
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/034542/1

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yazAvijaya graMthamALA sirIjhana'. 139 vi. sa. 1994 mahAkSatrapa rAjA rUdradAmA vidyAvajJabha itihAsatattvamaheAdhi AcArya zrI vijayendrasUri yazovijaya graMthamALA haeNrIsarADa-bhAvanagara. 1937 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat C. M. O. I. P. e rUpIyA dharma sa. 16 www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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Published by YASHOVIJAYA GRANTHMALA Harris Road, Bhavnagar. Printed by Gulabchand Lallubhai Mahodaya P. Press-Bhavnagar. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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nivedana. pUjyapAda AcArya zrI vijayendrasUri mahArAjanuM A pustaka janatAnI samakSa raju karatAM amane ati AnaMda thAya che. A pustakamAM temaNe ItihAsanA uMDA avagAhanathI eka navI bAbata-navuM satya rajU karyuM che. jaina itihAsa ne jenonA pUrvAcArya kALakAcArya saMbaMdhI navo prakAza pheMkayo che, je AjasudhI jagatanA vidvAnoe spaSTa rIte batAvyuM na hatuM. saMbhava che ke koInA khyAla upara e vastu AvI nahI hoya. jaina samAjamAMthI paNa tenA upara khAsa anveSaNa karyuM hoya evuM amArA khyAlamAM nathI. zaka rAjAone kALakAcArya ane jaina dharma sAthe nikaTane saMbaMdha ItihAsanI hakIkate ne ghaTanAo pUrvaka je rIte AcArya mahArAjazrIe raju karI che te apUrva che. amane lAge che ke jemAM ane ItihAsanA vidvAnomAM A pustaka navuM Adelana utpanna karaze, ane jaina samAja A pustaka mATe temane RNI banaze. bIjI paNa keTalIka hakIkato mahAkSatrapa nahapAna, mahAkSatrapa bhUmaka, zaka rAjAono mArga vigere saMbaMdhI paNa vidvAnone manana karavA lAyaka maMtavyo, siddhAMte temAM raju karyA che. A pustaka vidvAnomAM jarUra AdarapAtra banaze. bIjI AnaMdanI vAta e che ke temanA AgalA pustakanA prakAzana vakhate bhagavAna mahAvIranA jIvana, vihAra, sAMsArika kauTuMbika parivAra saMbaMdhI ame je mAgaNI AcArya mahArAja samakSa mukI hatI tene svIkAra karI "bhagavAna mahAvIranA kauTuMbika parivAra " saMbaMdhI pustaka lakhavAnuM teozrIe maMjura karyuM che. amArI mAnyatA pramANe e pustakathI jaina itihAsamAM no prakAza phelAze. te sAthe sAthe "saMpUrNa jena ItihAsa" lakhavAnI temanI bhAvanAe navI AkAMkSA, navo rasa pedA karyo che. ame AzA rAkhIe chIe ane zAsana devane prArthanA karIe chIe ke temane jena itihAsa lakhavAnA sarva abhISTa saMyoga prApta thAya ane pustaka velAsara prakAzita thAya evI aMtaranI lAgaNI pUrvaka viramIe chIe. graMthamALA oNphisa. herI roDa-bhAvanagara. kArtika 1994 prakAzaka,

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prastAvanA. ApaNo bhUtakALa eTale badhe aMdhakArabharyo che ke pahelAM zuM hatuM ane kevuM hatuM e vAstavika rIte jANavuM ghaNuM agharuM che. atyAranA itihAsane ghaNo kharo bhAga ghaTanAo upara anumAnene AdhAre aMkAyelo che. bIjo upAya paNa nathI. chatAM e anumAnanI dorIe dorIe vidvAnoe ghaNo kharo ItihAsa zodhI kADhayo che. zaka ke bhArata varSamAM lagabhaga 2300 varSathI-samrA caMdraguptanA vakhatathI praveza karI cUkyA che ane sAta varSa sudhI bhAratamAM rahyA che. chatAM temane kharo ItihAsa joIe tevo vizuddha rIte maLato nathI. temanA rAjya vistAranI sImA, temanI parApUrvanI peDhI dara peDhInI silasilAvAra vigate hajI ghaNI aMdhakAramAM che. zakanI judI judI zAkhAo hatI. temAM pazcimI zakarAjAo jaina tirdhara AcArya 'kAlasUri sAthe I. sa. pU. bIjI zatAbdInI zarUAtamAM sIstAnamAMthI bhAratavarSamAM AvyA. kAlakAcArya jainadharmanI rakSAne mATe temane ahIM lAvyA hatA. 96 zakasAhIo pitAnI senAe sAthe AcArya kALakarinA netRtva nIce bhAratamAM AvyA. e AcAryanA netRtva nIce zakasAhIoe pitAnA jIvananI rakSA karI, AbAdI abhivRddhi karI, rA meLavyAM, sattA ne saMpatti meLavI. kALakAcAye jaina sAdhvInI lAja lUMTanAra gardabhI vidyAne baLe ajeya gaNAtA atipati gardabhila rAjAne parAjita karI mALavAnuM AkhuM rAjya zakene apAvyuM. kALakAcAya keTalAka kALa sudhI temanI sAthe rahyA ane zakarAjAo temanA bhakta banI pitAnA ananya upakArI tarIke AcAryanI pUjA karatA rahyA. temanA upara AcArya kALakasUrine adabhuta prabhAva hato, zake temanA upara maMtramugdha hatA. zako sAthe AcArya kALasUrine ATalo badhe nikaTane saMbaMdha hatA chatAM bhAratIya itihAsamAM zako ane AcArya kALasUrine saMbaMdha yogya rIte AlekhAyo nathI. sarva prathama yuropIyana vidvAna pro. jekebIe ane bhAratIya vidvAna zrIyata jayasvAle zakanA itihAsamAM kALakAcAryane IzAro karyo, paraMtu te uparAMta temanI vadhu hakIkata bahu prakAzamAM AvI nahIM temAM aneka kAraNe che. moTe bhAge ApaNe jene javAbadAra chIe. - pazcimI zaka athavA kSatrapa rAjAo bahu lAMbA kALa sudhI gAdI upara sthira rahyA che, lagabhaga 500 varSa sudhI. 400 varSa sudhI to kaccha-saurASTranI gAdI niraMtara temanA hAthamAM rahI hatI. te badhA jhAmotika-bhUmakanA vaMzavAraso hatA. jhAmetika (sAmetika ) mATe ItihAsamAM bahu matabheda che. keTalAkanuM ema mAnavuM che ke "bhUmaka ane jhAmetika bane judA judA che. jhAmetika caSTanano pitA che. mahAkSatrapa bhUmaka kSatrapa nahapAnane pitA athavA pUrvavartI che. vigere" (nahapAna ane caTTana samakAlIna hatA. ) mahAkSatrapa bhUmaka kSatrapa nahapAnano pitA hoya evuM batAvavA eke pramANa ItihAsamAM nathI. eka sikkAmAM nathI, zilAlekhamAM nathI. bhUmaka nahapAnano pitA hoya e mArI daSTie yukti Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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saMgata nathI, kAraNa ke nahapAna jo bhUmakanA putra hAta te nahapAnanA DhagalAbaMdha sikkAomAMnA ekAdamAM tA " rANo mUmata putra " evuM avazya kAtarAyuM heAta, (te vakhate sikkAemAM ke zilAlekhAmAM pitA prapitA AdinA nAmeA kAtarAvavAnA rivAja hatA. ) paraMtu kayAMya hajI sudhI maLyuM nathI. eTale bhramaka nahapAnanA pitA naheAtA. tevIja rIte bhramaka ane sAmeautika judA judA hAya te paNa mane barAbara lAgatuM nathI. bhramaka ane jhAmeAtikanA mULa zabda, tenI vyutpatti ane tatkAlIna paristhitine vicAra karatAM paNa mane lAge che ke DaoN. silvana levInI ane chelle DaoN. sTIna kAnAnI dalIla vadhu vyAjakhI che. sAmeAtika-jhAmeAtikamAMne ' sama '-' jhAma' zabda e zaka zabda che, saMskRtamAM tene a ' bhUmi ' thAya che. tatkAlIna avasthA evI hatI ke bahAranA rAjAe, AgantukA ane paradezI musAphare paNa bhAratIya saMskRtimAM AkarSAyA che, raMgAyA che, Atapreta banyA che. temanAM dhaNAe peAtAnA jIvanamAM Aya saMskRti apanAvI che, peAtAnA nAme bhAratIya bhASAmAM pheravI nAkhyAM che. AsapAsanA .sayeAge mAM ane ahIMnI raheNIkaraNImAM maLI javA mATe paNa temaNe tema karyu' che eTale gujarAtIe jema gALI nAmeA tarapha AkarSAine peAtAnA aMgALI nAme rAkhe che tema sAmeAtikajhAmeAtike potAnuM nAma bhAratIya bhASAmAM bhramaka rAkhyu hoya te te sAva svAbhAvika che. e hisAbe jhAmeAtika ane bhramaka ekaja vyakti bane che. ane pazcimI kSatrapA adhA tenA vaMzavArasA hatA. (1) temanA dharmI saMbaMdhI kAi prazna upasthita thayA nathI. te AkhI hakIkata aMdhArAmAM rahI che. kevaLa kALakAcAryaneAja atyAra sudhI izArA yeA che. jayAre kSatraparAjAe kALakAcAya sAthe AvyA tyArathIja temanA prabhAva nIce hatA ema pustakA batAve che. (2) kALakAcAryanuM vyaktitva ane vibhUti jotAM ane AsapAsanI paristhiti jotAM pazcimI kSatrapAne bIjo kAi dhama hAya e saMzaya paNa bhAgyeja thaI zake. (3) kALakAcAnA bhAremAM bhAre upakAra taLe AvelA hAi jemanAthI temane jIvanadAna, lakSmI, rAjyasattA, ane akhUTa vaibhava maLyAM hoya evI temanA bhakta anuyAyI banyA hoya te temAM kazuM Azcarya nathI. (4) khIjI tarapha jainadharmAMnA prabhAvaka AcAya evI takane lAbha gumAve e paNu banavAjoga nathI. (5) jaina anuzruti-kAlakAcAya kathAe, prabaMdho paNa e vAtane pratipAdana kare che. vaLI atyAra sudhI jaina itihAsa pramANita manAtA AvyA che. (6) sauthI moTI vastu-jI zatAbdInI lagabhaga aMtamAM thayelA rUdradAmAnA putra dAmajadazrI ke rUdrasiMhanA giranAranA zilAlekha e vastune pramANurUpe pradarzita kare che. badhA vidvAneA e zilAlekhane jaina zilAlekha tarIke ekamate svIkAre che. (7) rUdradAmAnI manuSyavadha na karavAnI pratijJA paNa kadAca e saMskArane lIdheja hAya. A badhI ghaTanAe upara vicAra karatAM e nirvivAda satya tarI Ave che ke pazcimI kSatrapA jaina dharmAMnuyAyI hatA. eTaluMja nahIM lAMbA kALa sudhI peDhI dara peDhI teo jainadharmInA sarakAra nIce rahyA che. e zabdo jaina sa MpradAya pratye kahevAnI rajA lauM ke, e badhA itihAsa, aitihAsika daSTie

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prakAzamAM nathI Avyo temAM khAsa kAraNa ane bhUlane pAtra jaino che. jenoe pitAnuM sAhitya jagata samakSa mUkavuM nahIM, prakAzita karyuM nahIM, tenA upara anveSaNa karyuM nahIM, jainomAM sAhitya akhUTa che, gaMbhIra che, sarvagrAhI che, pramANika che, sarvamAnya che, jainAcAryoe je lakhyuM che te meTe bhAge pramANika ane vizuddha che; paraMtu te badhuM bhaMDAmAM bharI rAkhyuM, paTArAomAM saMgrahI rAkhyuM ne jamInamAM dATI rAkhyuM. pariNAme kIDAoe khAdhuM, saDI gayuM, naSTa thayuM. ane jaina sAhitya, jainadharma, jaina itihAsa khAbocIyAmAM paDyo rahyo. prakAzamAM na Avyo. aMdhabhakti ane viveka vagaranI jJAnapUjAe jJAnane pracAra aTakAvyo, jJAnano nAza karyo, jagatanuM sanmAna khoyuM. jaina sAhitya ane jaina itihAsane rAjakIya dRSTie mahattvaja.maLyuM nahIM. jaino te kadI samajyA nahIM, ane vartamAna parasparanI paristhitine jotAM lAMbA kALa sudhI e mahatva hajI nahIM samajAya, jaina zramaNa saMdha samAjane satyabhAga ApI zakato nathI. dorI zakatA nathIupayogI ne Avazyaka kArya karI zakato nathI e bahu duHkhane viSaya che. sAhityanI dRSTie mAre eTaluM nivedana karavuM joIe ke jaina sAhitya, jaina itihAsane jagata samakSa mUkavAmAM Ave to duniyAno ghaNe Adara meLavI zake. A kaTokaTInA samayamAM jaina sAhitya jagatane pathapradarzaka banI zake, na ItihAsa ne navAM sUtre jagatane maLI zake, pragatino mArga sAdhI zake. samAjanA vidvAno ane khAsa karIne zramaNa paMga-sAdhuo bIjI badhI bAbatene choDI daIne sAhitya kSetramAM utarI jAya to sAhityane, dharmane, ne jagatane badhI rIte uddhAra karI zake. sAdhuonuM pradhAna kArya sAhitya sevA che ane sAhitya sevAnuM pariNAma dharmano udyota che. A pustakamAM zaka-pazcimI zaka rAjAonI TuMkI samIkSA yathAvasara karI che, tene mATe jyAM jyAM bhinna athavA asatya maMtavyo hatAM-mane lAgyAM tenI samIkSA paNa karI che. bhAvanA evI che ke je sthiratA ane anukULa saMyogo maLI jaze to " jaina itihAsa" thoDA samayamAM jagata samakSa mUkavo zarU karI daIza. pahelA dAmajadathI athavA pahelA rUddhasiMhanA zilAlekhanI pratikRti anyatra nahIM maLavAthI bhAvanagara sTeTa taraphathI bahAra paDela ' prAkRta ane saMskRta zilAlekha " mAM Apela zilAlekha uparathI bleka taiyAra karAvyo che je mATe bhAvanagaranA darabArazrIne AbhAra mAnavAmAM Ave che. vaLI bIjuM carjhananuM citra mathurAnA karjana myujhIyamanAM kayureTara zrIyuta vAsudevazaraNu ema. e. nI sammatithI prApta thayo che te mATe te myujhIyamanA vyavasthApake dhanyavAdane pAtra che. A pustaka lakhavAmAM nyAya-vyAkaraNatIrtha zrIyuta phattehacaMda belANIe keTalAka aMze sahAyatA karI che. che. strInakona, DaoN. hIrAnaMdazAstrI ane zrI jayacaMdravidyAlaMkAranA pustake ThIka ThIka upayogI thaI paDyAM hatAM tenI noMdha lau chuM. jarUrI pustake pUrAM pADavA mATe phaledhI (mAravADa ) nA saMdhane dhanyavAda ghaTe che. phaledhI (mAravADa) kArtika vijayendrasUri dharma. saM. 16

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1 Ancient India 2 Ancient Indian History and Civilization 3 Ancient India and Indian Civilization 4 Ancient Indian Numismatics 5 Ancient Indian Tribes Vol. II "9 6 Antiquities of Kathiawar and Kachh 7 Asoka 8 9 10 11 12 39 pustakAnuM sUcipatra "3 jenA pramANe! A pustakamAM ApyAM che ENGLISH 22 Asokan Rock at Girnar 13 Bactria 14 Buddhist India 15 Buddhistic Studies 16 Combridge History of India Vol. 1 17 Cambridge shorter History of India -18 Catalogue of the Indian Coins in the British Museum Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat Ptolemy R. C. Majumdar M. R. Dobie 1934 Dr. D. R. Bhandarkar 1921 Dr. B, C. Law 1934 1927 1927 Dr. James Burgess 1876 Dr. D. R. Bhandarkar 1932 J. M. Macphail 1928 Dr. R. Mookerji 1928 Dr. E. J. Rapson 1916 V. A. Smith. 1919 Gaekwad's Archaeological Series Rawlinson Rhys Davids Dr. B. C. Law Dr. Rapson J. Allan Dr. E. J. Rapson 1936 1912 1903 1931 1935 1934 1908 www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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mahAkSatrapa rAjA rudradAmAM. 19 Chandragupta Maurya P. L. Bhargava 1935 20 Chronology of India C. Mapel Duff 1899 21 Collection of Prakrit Sanskrit Inscriptions P. Peterson 22 Early History of India V. A. Smith 1924 23 Epigraphia Indica Vol. VIII E. Hultzsch 1905-06 24 The Geographical Dictionary of Ancient...............India Nandolal Dey 1927 25 Geography of Early Buddhism Dr. B. C. Law 1932 26 Hindu History A. K. Mazumdar 1920 27 History of the Aryan rule in India E. B. Havell MCMXVIII 28 History of India K. P. Jayaswal 1998 29 Historical Inscriptions of Gujrat Part I G. V. Acharya 1933 30 Inscriptions of Asoka E. Hultzsch 1925 31 Kharoshthi Inscriptions Cor. Ins. Indi. Vol. II part I Dr. Sten Konow 1929 32 Megasthenes ( "Ancient India ) M'Crindle 1926 33 The Mauryan polity V. R. R. Dikshitar 1932 34 Oxford History of India V. A. Smith 1923 35 Political History of Ancient India Ray Chaudhari 1932 36 Short History of India Moreland & Chatterji 1936 37 Story of Kalaka Dr. W. Norman Brown 1933 38 Sudarshana Lake of Girinar Manishankar R. Trivedi 39 Traditional Chronology of the Jains Shantilal Shah 1935 anya bhASAmA. 40 kAlaka kathAo kalpasUtra jIvanacanda sAkaracanda jhaverI 1933 41 prabhAvakacaritra 42 vividha-tIrthakalpa saM. jinavijayajI 1934 43 hemantatherAvali 44 azoka ( baMgalA ) zrIcArucandra basu 1318 45 azoka ke dharmalekha janArdana bhaTTa ema. e. 1932

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pustakonuM sUcipatra. 1932 1932 1990 1928 1982 1933 1985 1928 46 guptavaMzakA itihAsa raghunandana zAstrI ema. e. 47 candragupta vikramAditya gaMgAprasAda mahatA ema. e. 48 dvivedI abhinandanagrantha kAzI nAgarIpracAriNI sabhA 49 pANini rajanIkAnta 50 bauddhakAlIna bhArata janArdana bhaTTa ema. e 51 bhAratIyaitihAsa kI rUparekhA ji.1 jayacandra vidyAlaMkAra ji.2 52 mauryasAmrAjya kA itihAsa satyaketu vidyAlaMkAra 53 bauddhayugera bhUgola vimalacarana laoN 54 giranAranuM gaurava jayasukharAma pu. joSIpurA 55 giranAra mAhAtmya dolatacaMda baroDIyA bI. e. 56 caMdragupta maurya jayasukharAma joSIpurA 57 samudragupta bharatarAma mhetA 58 hindusthAnano prAcIna itihAsa , gujarAta varnAkyulara sosAyaTI 51 mahAbhArata kRSNAcArya tathA vyAsAcArya 60 pariziSTaparva bhASAntara jainadharmaprasArakasabhA JOURNALS. 61 Indian Antiquary Vol. XXXVII 62 Indian Historical Quartely Vol. XIII 63 Journal of the B. 0. R. S. Vol. XIV. Part III ,, V. , IV 65 , VI. , I 66 jena rIya mahatsava aMka 67 nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA bhAga 18/1 68 purAtattva pustaka 1. 69 purAtatva pustaka 2. 70 buddhiprakAza 1928 1927 1991 1908 1978 64 1908 1937 1928 1919 1920 1930 1928 1979 1980 134

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viSaya. prathama vibhAga. 1 rAjA rAmA zakAnuM bhAratamAM Agamana yaudheyAne parAjaya ... 2 zakajAtinuM mULa zakonuM eja para AkramaNa zalAkAnI pArthiva rAjya sAthe laDAi *** viSayAnukramaNikA. ... ... ... ... --- 20 24 3 zakalAkAnu` bhAratamAM Agamana 20-26 jeneAnA jyotirdhara kAlakAcA hindI zakasthAna pazcima bhAratamAM pravAsa ... kSatrapa-mahAkSatrapanI yAjanA kSatrapanA hiMdamAM pracAra ujjenTena upara humale 100 ... ... sudarzana taLAvane punarUddhAra rAjA rUdradAmAe jItelA rAjyeA rAjA rUdradAmAnA uttarAdhikArI pRSTha. ... 3-1 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 4 5 6-19 1 17 4 rAjA rUdradAmAnA rAjya adhikAra 27 43 32 rUdradAmAnA rAjya amala ... yazasvI digvijaya caudheyA para vijaya . 25 39 26 33 33 34 31 ,, viSaya. kSatrapa e padavI ke kula .... zaka rAkhane dharma DrAmAnA sikkA caSTanavaMzIya kSatraponI vaMzAvaLI... ... ... ... 5 sudarzana taLAva sudarzana taLAvanuM sthAna-mApa caMdraguptanA vakhatamAM taLAvanI maryAdA rUdradAmAnA vakhatamAM taLAvanI maryAdA 6 zilAlekha ane anuvAde zilAlekhanI sAmAnya mAhitI khaDakanuM mApa khaDaka uparanA lekhA khaDakanI dizA bhASAzaili ne lipi 50 mULa saMskRtazilAlekha pU 55 gujarAtI anuvAda hindI anuvAda 58 61 iMglIza TrAnsalezana zilAlekhamAMnA vizeSa nAmeAnI anukramaNikA 64 vibhAga khAze. 7 pAkaLa vidhAnAnA prativAda 65-82 13. 38 ... "" ... 41 43 44-47 ... 48-4 48 se 44 46 47 * 22 www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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mahAkSatrapa rAjA rUdradAmA prathama vibhAga

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rAjA rudradAmA. prasiddha cakkanavaMzIya kSatraparAjA jayadAmAnA putra mahAkSatrapa rAjA rudradAmA zakajAtine mahA parAkramI ne samartha rAjA thaI gayA che. teNe I. sa. 130-150 sudhI rAjya karyuM hatuM. zakajAti mULa pharandI-bhaTakatI jAti hatI eTale temanI mULa bhUmi kaI hatI te nizcita karavuM muzkela che, chatAM temanA vAsa-vihAra vigerethI eTaluM kahI zakAya ke tenuM khAsa sthAna pUrvaIrAna hatuM. te vakhate te bhUmi sakasthAna hAlanuM sIstAna kahevAtI hatI. bAkI to e jAti cInanI uttarI sImAthI laI karIne raziyAne dakSiNa bhAga vIMdhI TheTha pUrvaIrAna sudhI vistarI cUkI hatI. IrAna, yunAna ane bhAratIya loko paNa tene prAcIna kALathI jANatA hatA. te jAtinA mULe traNa bhede hatA. (1) sakA tijhAdA, (2) sakA haimavarka, (3) sakA taradarayA. bhAratanI sAthe sakA tigra khedAneja vadhAre saMbaMdha rahyo che. - te traNa prakAranA zake I. pU. 8mI sadIthI vidyamAna hatA e nirvivAda satya che. temanI bhASAbolI Arya hatI. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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4 mahAkSatrapa rALa pradAmA. zakAnuM bhAratamAM Agamana-- zakyAka ujjainanA rAjA gabhillunA vakhatamAM jainadharmanA jyeAtidha ra, mahAvibhUti AcArya kAlakasUri sAthe i. sa. pU. nA khIjA-saikAmAM-saikAnI zarUAtamAM (125-15 nI vacamAM) bhAratamAM AvyA. teo sindhunadI pAra karI sindhamAM thai, rastAmAM peAtAnI sattA jamAvatAM jamAvatAM kaccha-kAThIAvADa-sArASTra paheAMcyA. tyAM temaNe peAtAnuM rAjya jamAvyuM. zakya zanI sthApanA karI ane pachI dakSiNa gujarAtanA rAjAenI madada lai ujjaina upara caDAi karI tene jItI lIdhu, tyAM rAjadhAnI sthApI. sindhu-sauvIra e zaka leAkAnuM hindustAnanuM zasthAna manAyu. tenI rAjadhAnI mInanagara thai. tyAMnA nAyaka rAjA kahevAyA. mIre jyAM jyAM temanI sattA hatI tyAMnA sUbAo ke zAsakeA kSatrA ane mahAkSatrA kahevAyA. evA eka mahAkSatrapa rAjA caSTana-jeNe peAtAnA nAmathI vaMzanI zarUAta karI ane caSTanavaMza kahevAyA te kaccha saurASTranA mahAkSatrapa hatA, tenA pAtra rAjA rUdradAsA paNa tenI sAthe rahetA hatA; paNa pAchaLathI tenA jIvananA ane parAkramanA asAdhAraNa vikAsa thaye. sArASTra te vakhate cAre taraphathI laDAinA sakaMjAmAM sapaDAyalu hatu. 40 varSathI laDAInA bhayathI ane jAnamAlanI khuvArIthI tyAMnI prajA trAsI uThI hatI. temane eka pramaLa pratApI, rAjya tathA prajAnI sahIsalAmatI jALavI zake, prajAnI saMpUrNa rakSA karI zake, ane Arya saMskRtinA vistAra karI zake tevA samartha prabhAvazALI rAjA joItA hatA. tyAMnI samasta prajAe kSatrapa rUdradAmAnI pasa MdagI karI. teNe potAnI jAtane Arya saMskRtimaya banAvI dIdhI eTaluMja nahIM pAte pratyeka aMzamAM bhAratIya sa'skRti apanAvI, rAjyapramadhamAM paNa bhAratIya paddhati svIkArI, teNe prajAkrIya saMsthA ane matrI (kama saciva ne matisacitra) pariSamAM Arya sa MskRtinA epa ApyA. te uparAMta teNe apUrva kozalya, pracaMDa pratApa ne kunehathI rAjyanI rakSA karI, mAyA bharI rIte surASTranuM zAsana karyuM ane te kharekharA prajAnA pAlanahAra-rakSaka banyA. peAtAnA rAjyanI aparimita sImA vadhArI. peAtAnA rAjyakALanA varSomAM teNe aneka yuddho karI aneka dezeA upara pAtAnA vijayadhvaja pharakAvyA. moTA moTA rAjAone mhAta karyo.

Page #15
zakeAnu bhAratamAM Agamana. mecAnA parAjaya-- traNaseA varSanI rAjakIya uthala-pAthala ne khUnAmarakImAM paNa jemaNe peAtAnuM svAtaMtrya akha Dita ne amAdhita rAkhyu hatuM, jee aneka TakA jIllI duzmanAnA meracAM ne laDAiomAM vijayI banyA hatA, vIra tarIke dezamAM khyAti meLavI hatI ane aneka jaya vijayanAM abhimAnathI maTThAnmatta banI gayA hatA evA caiAdheyaleAkeAne paNa jaDamULathI ukhADI nAkhI saiArASTrathI sindhu-sAvIra ane dakSiNamAM AMdhrathI ujajaina sudhI rAjyanA vistAra karI eka chatra rAjya tarIke peAtAnI ANu vartAvI ujjainane peAtAnI rAjadhAnI banAvI, ane pAte svayaM mahAkSatrapanuM khIrUda dhAraNa karyuM. peAtAnA svataMtra sikkAe cAlu karyo, ( jenuM kaccha kAThIyAvADathI mALavA sudhI calaNu hatu. tenA upara rAo kSatrapala gayavAmaputrala rAjJo mahAkSatrapala kavAmala ke|tarAyaluM rahe che ) prAMte prAMte peAtAnA sUbAo geAThavyA. te kevaLa parAkramI ujjavaLa rAjavI hatA eTaluMja nahIM paNa te arthazAsra nipuNu, vidvAna, zAsrapAraMgata paNa hatA, sAthe sAthe yuddha sivAya manuSyavadha na karavAnA nizcayI-- dRDhapratijJAvALA hatA. giranAra-jAnAgaDhanA sudarzana taLAvane samarAvI-baMdhAvIne teA teNe pAtAnA yaza upara maheAra mArI hatI. tenA bAMdhakAmanA kharcamAM prajA pAsethI eka pAi paNa lIdhI na hatI. peAtAnA khAnagI khajAnAmAMthI te kharca ApyA hatA. te sauMdaryavAna paNa hatA ane aneka svayaMvarAmAM ghaNI rAjakuMvarIonI varamALA dhAraNa karI hatI. e rIte teNe itihAsamAM parAkramI, yazasvI, vIra, vidvAn, udAra ane susabhya rAjavI tarIke amara nAmanA meLavI che. * A Catalogue of Indian Coins in the British Museum by E. J. Rapson. P. 78.

Page #16
2 zaka jAtinu mULa. rAjA rUdradAmA mULe zakajAtinA hatA, ane zajAtinuM mULa sthAna karyuM te zodhavuM bahu muzkela che, chatAM prAcIna cInanA uttarabhAgamAM tAtAra jAtienuM mULa sthAna hatuM. te tAtArAne cIna leAkeA hIyaMganU (Hiungna ) kahetA. hiyaMgana, rahNu, caihana, ke 'hUnu e badhA ekaja jAtinA dyotaka nAmAntarA che. e hUNa leAkeA cInanI uttaranA sukamAM--bhAgamAM rahetA hatA. tyAM AsapAsamAM bIjA paNa TALAM vasatAM hatAM. te badhA jaMgalI avasthAmAM, gAya bheMsa, bakarAM gheTAM vigere pazudhana ane srI, bALa baccAnA kuTuMba kabIlA sAthe jyAM puSkaLa ghAsacAra maLI zake evA pradezamAM bhaTakatA pharatA hatA. A hUNu leka pazu temAMnAMja eka ToLAnAM hatAM, teo laDavaiyA tarIke paN mazahUra hatA. eTale gheADAo upara svArI karI vAraMvAra cInanI sarahada upara dhasI AvatA ane lUMTaphATanA humalAo karatA. e rIte cInAleAkeAne temanI sAthe vAravAra saMgharSaNamAM Avavu paDatuM. cInAleke te vakhate kAMika sabhya ne susaMskRta prajA gaNAtI. te gharakhAra vasAvI 1 cAinijha loko hIyaganU kahe che. 6 saMskRtamAM bhrUNa kahe che. 3 aMgrejImAM hana kahevAya che. 4 pArasIo hUnu kahe che. mAttIya haiM. pahelA li. 2 pR. 746.

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zaka jAtinuM mULa. vyavasthita rIte rAjanaitika ne sAmAjika baMdhAraNane AdhIna rahI zAMtithI sthAyI jIvana gujAratI thaI gaI hatI. te prajA A bhaTakatI TeLIothI paricita hatI. hRNalakethI tene trAsa thatuM hatuM, temanA jAnamAlane nukazAna thatu ane temanI sAthe vAraMvAra laDAImAM utaravuM paDatuM eTale te lokonA humalAothI ne bhayathI bacavA mATe ane prajAnuM sArI rIte rakSaNa thaI zake e zubha AzayathI tyAMnA rAjA zIhuAMga-tIe I. pU. 246-210 nA arasAmAM cInanA uttarabhAgamAM samudra kinArAthI kAnase prAMta sudhI eka moTI dIvAla baMdhAvavAnuM zarU karyuM. je dIvAla Aje itihAsamAM duniyAnA AzcaryamAMnuM eka Azcarya banI rahI che. te dIvAla evI te majabUta banAvavAmAM AvI ke keIpaNa viplavakArI daLa tene toDI zake nahIM tema kaI aMdara ghusI prajAne raMjADI zake nahIM. A ghaTanAo-cInI dIvAlanI banAvaTe dunIyAnA ane khAsa karIne eziyAnA ItihAsamAM bhAre uthala-pAthala macAvI dIdhI che. jyAre A dIvAla baMdhAvyuM tyAre haNu loko vigerenI bhaTakatI TeLIo saMkaDAmaNamAM AvI. teo A dIvAla ane darIyA kinArAnI vacce vacce AvI paDyA eTale ghAsacAro ne sAdhana sAmagrI meLavavA mATe temane bIju sthAna zodhavAnI jarUra paDI. ethI teoe e pradezamAMthI nikaLI kAnaprAMtane chevADe vAyavya bhAga tarapha cAlavA mAMDayuM. A halekanI kUca ItihAsamAM kevA parivartana kare che ane tenA AghAta pratyAghAta kayAM sudhI lAgyA che te ApaNe AgaLa joIzuM. kAnaprAMtanI eka dhAra tibatamAM sikiyAM sudhI vadhelI che. tenI pazcime eka hissAmAM bahu prAcInakALamAM tAhIyA nAmanI jAti rahetI hatI. ane eja pradezamAM nIyA ane carcananadIonAM kAMThAomAM yuIzi jAti paNa rahetI hatI. yuIzijAti e bhAratanA prAcIna graMthamAM jaMtraSikajAti tarIke vikhyAta che. prAcIna loke tene trahaSikajAti tarIke oLakhatA hatA. tene asi, asiyAna, uSi ke yuzi leke paNa kahevAmAM AvatuM hatuM. * "mahAbhArata" nA " sabhAparva' mAM arjuna nA " uttaradigvijaya" nA prasaMgamAM A Sika jAtino ullekha che. ethI to e paNa maLI Ave che ke te loko potAnA mULa gharamAM hatA tyArathI ja bhAratIya leke tene jANatA hatA. kAraNa ke mahAbhAratanuM A varNana I. pU. 165 pahelAnuM che. bIjI hakIkata AthI e sAbIta thAya che ke tavIma nadInA kAMThA upara bhAratIya lokone praveza bahu prAcIna kALa-azokanA samayathI zarU thaI cUkayo hato.

Page #18
mahAkSatrapa rAjA rudradAmAM. - tAhIyA lake zAMti pasaMda karanArA hatA. jyAre yuIzi-Sika jAtinA loko pracaMDa laDavaiyA hatA. - have pelA hRNa leke pharatA pharatA A yuIzi lekanA pradezamAM AvI pahoMcyA. yuizi leke te e huNa lekanA kaTTara vidveSI hatA. temane to paraspara vAraMvAra yuddho thayA karatAM hatAM. A vakhate paNa temane paraspara ghora saMgrAma-laDAI thaI. temAM yuIza leka hAryA, ane temane pitAne e pradeza cheDe paDyo. teo thIyAnazAnanI dakSiNe dakSiNe pazcima tarapha cAlyA gayA. - I. pU. 1764 mAM haNene saradAra mojUdake A yuIzijAti saMbaMdhI eka saMdeza cInanA samrA mekalyo hato ke "yuIzi-Sika jAtinA loko tathA AsapAsanI paDozI TeLIone jItI lIdhI che ane te thIyAnazAnanI dakSiNe dakSiNa pazcima tarapha cAlyA gayA che. " te pachI be varSe hUNAno saradAra moduka I. pU. 174 mAM mRtyu pAme. I. pU. 165 mAM hiyaMganU-hUNa lekanA saradAra lAo-cAMgue yuIzi leke sAthe pharI laDAI karI, yuIzi lekene pharI paNa harAvyA. temanA saradArane mArI nAkhe ane tenI khoparIne cAle banAvI lIdho. * We read in the T'sien Han-shu: ' the Yue-chi had been conquered by the Hiung-nu and had, in the west, attacked the Sai-wang. The Sai-wang had fled southwards and settled in the distant country...' the yue-chi, that their defeat at the hands of the Hiung-nu had been effected in 176 B. C., and that they were themselves driven out of the old Soka country about 160 B. C. Corpus-Indicarvm Vol. II, Part 1, P. XIX-XX. sAhI huna-zu uparathI ema jaNAya che ke hiyaMganU lokoe yuIzi lokone jItI lIdhA pachI yuIzioe pazcimamAM se-vAMga upara humalo karyo, ne temane dakSiNamAM dUranA dezamAM javAnI pharaja paDI..hIyaMganUnA hAthe yuIzi leke I. pU. 176 mAM parAjita thayA hatA ane I. pU. 160 mAM teo jUnA zakadezamAM gayA. De. sTIna kene, * About the year 165 B, C, the great tribe of the Yueh-chi were driven out of their pastures in North-West China by a rival horde, and, moving in southwardly direction, came into contact with the conglo merate bands of scythians. " Bactria" P. 91-8.

Page #19
zaka jAtinuM mULa. yuizikA kAphale bahu maTe hato. bairA, chokarAM Dhora DhAMkhara uparAMta ekathI be lAkha tIrakAmaThAMvALA laDavaiyA hatA. badhA maLIne pAMca lAkhathI dasa lAkhanI saMkhyAmAM haze. AvaDI moTI janasaMkhyAnA vAsane mATe bahu vizALa pradeza joIe. te leke A pradeza zodhatAM zodhatAM takalA-makAnavALA pradezamAMthI pasAra thaI Tekesa ane kensesa upanadIo jene maLe che te IlI ( Ili ) nadInA kAMThA upara kulajA pradezamAM AvI pahoMcyA. e pradezamAM "vuM-suna' nAmanI eka jAti rahetI hatI. te saMkhyAmAM nAnI hatI chatAM parAkramI vIryavALI ne tejasvI hatI. temanAmAM to kevaLa daseka hajAraja laDayA hatA. From them chinese records ) we learn that the Yueh-chi, pushed westwards by the Huns about 165 B, C., displaced the Cakas, who inhabited the country of the Jaxartes to the North-East of Sogdiana and Bactria. Combridge History of India Vol. 1. P. 459 In the neck of country between the Great Wall and the mountains which forms part of the province of Kan-su, lived a people known to Chinese historians as the Yueh-chi. Being attacked and defeate Huns, C. 165 B. C., the Yueh-chi were driven from their country...... Cambridge History of India Vol. 1. P. 565. cInanI meTI dIvAla ane pahADo vacceno pradeza kAnasU prAMta tarIke oLakhAya che. tyAM eka jAti vasatI hatI jene cInanA etihAsika purUSo yuIzi kahetA hatA. temane i. pU. 165 mAM haNa lokoe humalo karI parAjita karyA tyAre teo te dezamAMthI cAlyA gayA. kebrIja hIsTrI. pR. 565. * The moving horde (yueh-chi ) mustered a force of bowmen, estimated to number from one hundred to two hurdred thousand; and the whole multitude must have comprised, at least, from half a million to a million persons of all ages and both sexes. The Early History of India. P. 263. yuizi loka-je kAna sU pradezamAMthI gayA hatA tene kAphale bahu moTo hato. tIrakAmaThAvALI senAnAM ja lagabhaga eka lAkhathI be lAkha mANaso haze, bAkI nAnAthI moTA ane strIpurUSa vigere sai maLIne je gaNatrI karavAmAM Ave te lagabhaga pAMcathI dasa lAkhanI saMkhyA thAya. "alI hIsTrI." * A pradeza tibbatanI uttara tarapha ane simakiyAMnI pazcimamAM netananI barAbara nIce AsapAsa Avela che. jyAM yuizi leke saithI prathama rahetA hatA.

Page #20
wn mahAkSatrapa rAjA rUdradAmA. A e cuizi ane vu-suna jAtinA A pradezamAM bheTo thayA. te banne vacce khUnakhAra laDAi thai * vu-suna ' jAti nAnI hAvA chatAM temaNe sAmano karyo paNa pariNAme te prajA hArI gai ane vu-suna jAtinA saradAra marAyA. . ' ghusuna ' * jAtinA IlI ( Ili ) nadInA kAMThAnA pradeza ghaNA nAnA hatA. yuzi lokeAnA badhAnA samAveza ahIM thai zake evuM nahAtu. eTale temAnAM keTalAka leAkeA vizeSa vistRta ane phaLadrupa sapATa pradezanI AzAe AzAe AgaLa cAlyA. cuzinA e rIte e bhAga-zAkhA-thayA. temAM eka nAnI zAkhA nAnA cuzaSika kahevAyA ane mATI zAkhA meTA yuiziRSika kahevAyA. nAnI zAkhA dakSiNa tarapha cAlI. mATI zAkhA pazcima tarapha cAlI. te tarapha cAlatAM cAlatAM tee sIradarayA ( sItA ) nadIne kAMThe pahoMcyA. tyAM vaLI eka navI jAtinA temane bheTA thayA. te leAkeA se kahevAtA hatA. pArasI leke temane ' saka ' tarIke eLakhAtA hatA. yUropa ane ezIyA khaMDanI uttaramAM bhaTakatI jaMgalI jAtAne sithiyana ' nAmathI ALakhavAmAM Ave che. pArasIleAkeA eja amAM A * se ' lekIne saka-vistRta vivecana AgaLa joizuMkahetA hatA. e sai leAkeAnA nAyaka ne saivAM kahevAya che. te se-vAMga upara mATA yuizi leAkAe humalA karyAM. se leke tItara vItara thai gayA. temanA saradAre pAte ja 6 x We hear that the Sai-ung were, some time before 160 B. G., driven out from their old home by another tribe, the Yuechi..... The Yue-chi were, in their turn, driven out by the Wu-sun, whose settlements have been defined by professor Franke as extending from Urumchi to the west of Issik-kul, from the Dzungarian desert and down towards the Tarim. Here accordingly Saka tribes must have been settled in the beginning of the second century B. G., near the Issikkul. Conpos...Indicarb, Vol. II, Pt. I, P. XIX. ema samajAya che ke, i. pU. 160 pahelA saivAM tenA potAnA raheThANamAMthI cuchaza leAkAe bhagADI mUkayo hatA ane yuzi leAkeAne vu-suna leAkeAe kADhI mUkayA hatA. prA. phrAMkanA kathana pramANe te pu-suna leAkeA umazIthI isikakulanA pazcima bhAga sudhI ane DagarIyAna( Dzungarian )nA rathI tarImanA nIcenA bhAga sudhI vaselA hatA. te pramANe te ema anumAna thAya ke zakalokeAisikakulanI AsapAsamAM, lagabhaga i. pU. bIjI zatAbdinI zarUAtamAM, vasyA hatA. DaoN. sTInakAnA.

Page #21
11 zaka jAtinuM mULa. potAnA sAthIone vera vikhera karI nAkhyA. keI TI TeLIo teNe sAthe rAkhI nahI. se lake badhA ahIM tahIM vikharAI gayA. keTalAka bAkIyA tarapha gayA ane ai-vAM *kipina-kapiza-nAmanA dezamAM cAlyA gaye. kipina-kapiza keTalAka vidvAne kAzamIrane gaNAve che. keTalAka vidvAno kaMbojanA bhAgane gaNAve che. paNa kaMbojane kapiza kahe e vadhAre vAstavika che. A se lekAnA traNa khAsa bheda che. te traNenA moTAM moTAM saMsthAne hatAM, ne temane traNene judA judA nAmathI oLakhAvavAmAM AvatA. (1) sakA katigrakhedA-arthAta aNidAra TopI paheravAvALA A leko sIradarayAnadIne kAMThe rahetA ane pADozanA bAkaTIyAnA sainike sAthe joDAIne lazkarI kAma paNa karatA hatA. * S. Levi identifies kipin with Kasmira. But his view has been ably controverted by Sten konou who accepts the identification with Kapisha. Gandhar was the eastern part of Kipin. Political History P. 293. By Raychaudhari che. silavana levI kAzamIra dezane kipina deza jaNAve che. jyAre Do. sTIna kone bahu pramANa pUrvaka temanAthI jAdA paDI kapiza dezane kipina tarIke oLakhAve che. vaLI gadhAra e kipinanAM pUrvIya bhAga hatuM ema paNa kahe che. rAyacaidharI. * In the Persepolis insoription e 2 the Sakas are mentioned among the eastern countries, after Arachosia, India, and Gandhara, and before the Makas. : In the Naksh-i-Rustam inscription a 3 we have another enumeration : Media, susiana, Parthia, Aria, Bactria, Sogdiana, Khorasmia, Zranka, Arachosia, the Thatagush, gandhara, India, Saka Haumavarka, Saka Tigrakhauda, Babylon, Assyria, Arabia, Egypt, Cappadocia, Sparda, Ionia, Saka tyaiy taradraya ( or paradraya ), Skudra, the Takabari Ionians, Puntians, Kushians, Maxyes and Karkians. From these enumerations we can hardly draw any other inference than that there were several Saka tribes, and that they all belonged to the eastern parts of the Empire. " Corpus--Indicarum." Vol. II, Pt. 1. P. xvii-xviIL.

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12 mahAkSatrapa rAjA rudradAmA. (2) sakA haimavaka-temane bIjo bhAga A nAme oLakhAto. A leka pArasI prAMta (sIstAna) kaMgiyAnamAM rahetA. A pradeza helamanTa ( Helmund ) nadInAM kAMThA upara che. pAchaLathI te pradeza "sakasthAna" tarIke prasiddha thaI gayo. pArasIo tene sijistAna " kahetA. hAla tene " sIstAna" kahevAmAM Ave che. (3) sakA taradarayA-trIjo bhAga taradA saka tarIke oLakhAto teo kAspIyana sI-samudrane kinAre rahetA hatA. samudranI uttare tathA razIyAnI dakSiNe AvelA pahADI pradezamAM teo rahetA hatA. te loke pitAnA nAyakane se-vAM kahetA hatA. ane se eTale ke e ApaNe upara jANI lIdhuM. vAMm e cInIbhASAne zabda che. tene artha svAmI, saradAra ke rAjA e thAya che. arthAta se-vAMeTale sakarAjA, sasaradAra * sakamurUnDa ke sakasvAmI e badhA ekaja arthavAcaka zabdAMtaro che. upara ApaNe joI gayA ke A sai-vAMga potAnA mANasone ane lazkarane vera vikhera karI kapiza-kipina dezamAM cAlyo gayo. bIjA loko bAkaTrIyA tarapha gayA. tyAM tAhIyA lake rahetA hatA. temanI sAthe A leke paNa vasI gayA. pelI tarapha IzitrASika jAtinA loke mAMDa paMdara vIsa varSa saradayA nadIne kAMThe ArAmathI vasI rahyA hatA temAM eka banAve temane vaLI te sthAna choDAvavAnI pharaja pADI. upara vAMcI gayA che te lokonAM be bhAga thayA pahelAM temane purasuna jAtinA loko sAthe laDavuM paDayuM hatuM. temAM vu-suna jAtine rAjA marAyA hatA. te rAjA marAye te pachI tenA putrane braNa lokoe dattaka-kheLe laI lIdho hate. temaNe tene pALI poSI meTo karyo. eja chokarAe tenA pAlanahAra-rakSaka hoyaMganU hUNa lokonI madada laIne pitAnuM vera vALavA I. pU. 160 mAM yuIzi-Sika jAti upara humalo karyo. temanI sAthe bhAre laDAI thaI. huNa ane suIzi leke te parApUrvathI duzmane hatA ja. hUNee yuIzione mArIne haTAvyA. eTale temaNe sai-saka lekenA raheThANe je paDAvI lIdhAM hatAM te badhA yuIzione khAlI karavA paDyA eTale tyAMthI nikaLI yuIzi leka sIradarayA-nadInI dakSiNa tarapha cAlyA gayA. tyAMthI "vaMzu (AmU)" nadIne pAra karI bAkaTIyAmAM AvI pahoMcyA. * Saka-murunda, Murund being a later form of a Saka word which has the same meaning as chinese" wang, " . e, master, lord. In Indian inscriptions and coins it has frequently been translated with the Indian word "Svamin." Political History, P. 292. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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zaka jAtinuM mULa. 13 bAksTrIyA e tAhIyA leAkeAnA deza hatA. tAhIyA leAkeAnI tyAM moTI vasAhata hatI. tAhiyA leAkeA zAMtipriya vyApArIo hatA. temanI sAthe sakleAkeA paNa paDAvA nAkhIne rahyA hatA. te anne sAthe yuIIza lokoe laDAi karI. temane harAvyA. yuiziAnA mAra khAvAthI vaLI pAchA saka TALAe vera vikhera thaIne nAThA, ne navI vasAhata zeAdhavAmAM guMthAyA. ane cuiziee tyAM tADIyA leAkeAnI jamIna kabaje karI temanA para sattA jamAvavA mAMDI. A rIte yuza ane sai leAkeAnuM bAkaTrIyAmAM joDANu thayu. ane tAhIyA upara sattA jamAvI cuiza leAkeA temanA rAjA thai beThA. tAhIyA leAkeA cInanI uttara sImAmAMthI AkaTrIyAmAM kayAre, kevI rIte, ne zA mATe AvyA te teA itihAsathI khAsa jANI rAkAtuM nathI. paNa eTaluM te nizcita thaI zake che ke te leAkeA cInanI meATI prasiddha dIvAlanI zarUAta vakhate jema cuiza ke bhrUNu leAkeAne bhAgavu paDayuM hatuM tema tenI sAthe sAthe A tAhIyA leAkeAne puN bhAgavuM paDayuM haze. tAhIyA leAkeA svAbhAvika rIte eza-ArAmI ne vyApArI hatA, vaLI sabhya paNa hatA. temane laDAImAM na rasa hatA na gArava hatuM. eTale yuizi lokoe temanA upara sattA jamAvavA mAMDI ane tAhIA lekee temanuM Adhipatya bahu saraLa rIte svIkArI paNa lIdhuM. aitihAsikAnuM ema paNa mAnavuM che ke sugdhadeza tathA sIradarayA-nadIne pele pAra * asi * * asiyAna 'tukhAra ' ne ' asarAla ' nAmanI ja MgalI-kundI bhaTakatI 9 x kAnasa sImAntanA je pradezane, prAcIna cInI itihAsakArAe tAhIyA kahyuM che. tenuMja nAma sAtamI zatAbdimAM bauddhayAtrI ' svAna svAMge ' ' tuhulA ' lakhyuM che. ane Araba lekhakAe teja pradezane tukhAstiAna tarIke eLakhAvyA che. ' te sAthe sAthe vAna svAMga vigere e tAhIyA leAkAne jema zAMtipriya vyApArI tarIke eLakhAvyA che tevIja rIte madhyakAlIna lagabhaga teja arasAnA ) Ama lekhakAe tukhArAne zAMtipriya vyApArI tarIke batAvyA che. eTale vicAra karatAM ema nakkI thai zake che ke-cInI lokonuM 'tAhIyA' svAna svAMganu 'tuhulA ' ane araba lekhakAnuM tukhAristAna ke tukhAra leAkeA e traNe ekaja pradeza ane ekaja jAtine tAvanArA bhinna bhASAnA bhinna zabdAMtareAja mAtra che. arthAt tAhIyA tulA ane tukhAra e Rice, ovana te cAvajI nI mAka ekaja vastu che. jarmana vidvAna mAvA A siddhAMta upara sthira thAya che. alabata keTalAka vidvAnA A mantavyathI judA paDe che. paraMtu keTalAka vivaraNu ne ghaTanA upara vicAra calAvyA pachI te traNe ekaja che e mata vadhAre vAstavika ne yuktiyukta lAge che.

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14 mahAkSatrapa rAjA rUdradAmA. jAtioe yUnAnIo sAthe laDAi karI temanI pAsethI khATrIyAnuM rAjya chInavI lIdhuM hatuM. tene anukULa bIjI hakIkata e maLe che ke 'dIAdota' ne saravuca ( Saraucas ) ane asiyAna ' ( Asiani ) nAmanI sayajAtio sAthe laDAi karavI paDatI hatI. ane te jAtioe chevaTe bhATIyA jItI lIdhu hatuM. vaLI "asiyAna loko, tA 'tukhArA' nA rAjA banI beThA, ane saravuca ( saraucae ) leAkeA naSTa thayA. " ema paNa ullekhA maLI Ave che. 66 have meLavIe ke- asiyAna lokeA tukhAralokeAnA rAjA banI beThA ' ane cuzilAkA, tADIyAlukAnA rAjA banI beThA. " te banne vAkayAnA artha khIlakula ekaja che. kAraNake asiyAna ne cuizi e banne ekaja jAti che. ane * tAhIyA ' ane ' tukhAra ' e banne paNa ekaja jAti che. * have AgaLa vicArIeyuza ane tukhAra e banne saka jAti sAthe maLatI AvatI jAti che. ane bhAratavAsI prAcIna leAkeAe tA curdaza jAtine sajAtinI aMtaragataja gaNAvI che. alabatta amuka vakhata sudhI A jAtione magAlavarganI jAtio gaNavAmAM AvatI hatI; parantu chellI zeAdhakheALane pariNAme madhya ezIyAmAMthI temanI peAtAnI bhASAnA bhAratIyalipimAM lakhelA prAcIna lekhA maLavA mAMDyA tyAre e siddha thayuM ke te badhA saka, dukhAra ne yuzi leAkeA A vaMzanI jAtie hatI. vaLI tAhIyA ke tukhAra leAkeA ' takalA-makAna 'nI dakSiNapUrvamAM rahetA hatA ane pAchaLathI mArkeTrIyA sudhI paheAMcI gayA hatA, parantu temanI bhASA ane lekhA talA-makAnanI uttara pUrvamAMthI paNa maLI Ave che. tethI ema paNa siddha thAya che ke teo nIyAnadI ane cananadInA kAMThA uparathI uttara pazcimamAM paNa vaselA hatA. vaLI yuizi lokonA mArga paNu e hateAja. eTale te loko A tADIyA lokomAM thaine AvyA hAya ane temane paNa sAthe ghasaDatA AvyA hoya. vaLI igUra-turka leAkeAe sima-kiyAMnA rahevAsIonI uttara tarapha rahenArI eka zAkhAne jItI lIdhI tyAre temaNe tyAMnI pahelI bhASAne tukhArI bhASA tarIke vavI che. te bhASA tukhAra jAtinI hatI. vartamAna vidvAnoe paNu tukhArajitanA nAmathI te bhASAne tukhArI bhASA tarIke svIkArI che. tenuM temanA lekhAmAM AzI evuM nAma ApeluM che. ane ArzIne asi ke asiyAna sAthe sidheA sabaMdha dekhAi Ave che. vaLI jyAre asi athavA cuizi leke tukhArAnA rAjA thayA hatA tyAre temanu

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zuka jAtinu mULa, nAma bhASA sAthe paNa joDAi gayu hAya e taddana svAbhAvika che. jema gujarAta uparathI gujarAtI ane hindu uparathI hindI. curuzi leAkeAnI bhASA viSe bIjo paNa eka matabheda che. keTalAka vidvAnA ema mAne che ke te leAkeA khetanadezIbhASA kheAlatA hatA. keTalAka kahe che ke te leAkA tukhArIbhASA khelatA hatA. vAstavamAM e banne vastu satyapratIta che. kAraNake yuizi leAkeAnA mArgamAM khAtAnanA pradeza teA AvatAja hatA. ane tethI te leAkeA khAtanadezIbhASA khelatA hAya tA temAM Azcarya pAmavA jevu kazu nathIja. ane tukhAraleAkAnA teA e rAjAja hatA eTale tukhArIbhASA temanI peAtAnI bhASA thai hAya tA temAM paNa kazuM Azcarya pAmavA jevuM nathI. vaLI bhAratanA prAcIna graMtheA-purANA mAMtA yuiza leAkeAnA rAjavaMzane paNa tukhAra tarIke vahubyA che kAraNa ke tukhArAmAM rahevAthI ane tukhArAnA rAjA banI javAthI yuiziRSileAkAnA rAjavaMzane tukhAra kahevA e sAva svAbhAvika che, pachI bhASAnuM tA kahevuMja zuM? vaLI te badhI A bhASA ja hatI e nirvivAda satya che. A badhA vivaraNa pachI eka satya e tarI Ave che ke-yuizi, RSika, asi, asiyAna, Si, yuzi, su ( Su ), sai, se ( Se ), seka (Sok ), sAka ( Sok ) tAhiyA tuhulA, tukhAra, e badhA bhinna bhinna vakhatanA bhinna bhinna leAkeAne mukhethI nikaLelA, meAlAyalA pracAra pAmelA paNa eka jAtinA vAcaka zabdAntare che. ane te badhA 6 saka ' jAtinA nAmAntarI che. temanuM mULa sthAna cInanA uttarI bhAgamAM hatu, ane dhIme dhIme teo pharatA pharatA sIstAna sudhI AvI paheAMcyA hatA. > Scythians, whom the Greeks knew by the vague general name of * Saode, ' who may be identified pretty certainly with the * Saka' of the Indian writers ; and the 'Su,' * Sai,' * Se,' ' Se,' or 'Sok' of the Chinese annalists. ' Bactria P. 98. zrIkalAko sithiyana leAkeAne sAmUhika rIte sakA (Sacae) nAmathI eLakhatA. jyAre hiMdanA laoNkA nizcitarUpe temane sake kahetA; ane cInA vidvAne temane * su' ' sai', 'se, seka" ke 6 ( sAka " tarIke oLakhatA. * Produced a general condition of unrest among the tribes inhabiting the northern fringe of the deserts of chinese Turkestan. Cambridge History of India p. 565

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mahAkSatraya rAjA rudradAmA. samaya jatAM A yuIzi-saka lokoe pitAnI jaMgalI rItabhAta paNa choDavA mAMDI, nadInI uttaranA phaLadrupa pradezamAM khetI karIne potAnA jIvana nirvAhanA mArgo zodhyA, tAhIyA jAtinA samAgamathI ziSTa rItabhAta ne niyaMtraNa temaja vyavasthApUrvaka rahevAnuM paNa apanAvI lIdhu, ane e rIte be eka peDhImAM te te lokee vyavasthita banI sAmAjika ne rAjanaitika baMdhAraNe paNa mukarara karyA. A arasAmAM te temaNe pAMca judAM judAM saMsthAno paNa sthApyAM, A saMsthAno hindukuzanI uttaramAM AvelAM hatAM. temAM aneka nAnAmoTA kuLa hatAM. temAM kuzAnakuLamAM eka baLavAna purUSa thaye, teNe pitAnA bAhubaLa ne magajazaktithI pAMce saMsthAnanAM rAjyone eka sUtramAM bAMdhyA, pite badhAne uparI thaye, ane te AkhI saka prajAno samrA kahevAyo hato. tenuM nAma kaDaphIsesa-kalsa ( Kadphises ) hatuM. zakenuM kAja para AkramaNa- eto pahelAM ja kahevAI gayuM ke-dukhAra, trASika ke yuIza e ekaja saka jAtinA bhede nAmAntaro che. temanI rAjadhAnI badazAmAM hatI. badAM pAmIrapradezamAM hatuM. A pAmIra badaSNa ane balakha madhyakALa sudhI tukhAra athavA tukhAristAna kahevAtAM hatAM. arthAt prAcIna kaMbAja ane vAhika dezamAM rASika-tukhAroe lagabhaga I. pU. bIjI zatAbdinI madhyamAM ja AkramaNa karI dIdhu hatuM, kaMbaja te vakhatathI ja tukhAristAna banI gayuM hatuM, kAraNa ke tukhArenI rAjadhAnI badaSNAMzahera tukhAristAnamAM gaNAyuM che. The well-known tribes which, according to Strabo, deprived the Greeks of Bactriana, viz., the Asii, Pasiani, Tochari, Sacarauli and the sacae or Sakas. Political History, P. 288. In the second and first centuries B, C., Greek rule in parts of kafiristan, Gandhara and the Hazara country (?) was supplanted by that of the sakas, Political History, P. 292. Sakas came to Sistan about the end of the second century B, C..." "corpus... Indicarvms." Vol. II, Pt. I, P. xvu. * tukhAra paNa temanuM ja nAma che.

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zaka jAtinuM mULa. 17 bAkaTrIyA e prathama yavana rAjya hatuM, tene saka-traSika tukhAree naSTa karI dIdhuM hatuM. e ghaTanA che. pU. 160mAM thaI. jyAre I. pU. 128-2 sudhI yusileke vaMdhyuM nadInI uttara tarapha hatA, te vakhate bAkIcA te tAhIyA banI gayuM hatuM. eTale ke yavana rAjya te ghaNA vakhata pahelAM ja samApta thaI cUkayuM hatuM. ane te pachI tarataja karSikoe vaMsunadIne pradeza kabaje karI lIdho hato. e prasaMga pachI-arthAt yavanarAjya tUTyA pachI yavanene bhAratavarSamAM AvavAnuM kAraNa banyu hoya te te taddana svAbhAvika che. sAthe sAthe yavanene jema bhAratamAM AvavAnuM kAraNa maLyuM hoya te yavanee paMjAbanA mAlava ne zivi loko upara humalA karyA , pariNAme tAhIyA lekenA humalAthI jema yavanene bhAratamAM bhAgI AvavAnI pharaja paDI hoya tema cavanA humalAthI paMjAbanA mAlava ane zivilakone paMjAbamAMthI ujajaina tarapha bhAgavuM paDyuM hoya. te to ema kahevuM joIe ke-kAna prAMtathI je jAtinI uthalapAthala ne saMgharSaNa zarU thayA tenA AghAta pratyAghAta ane asara bhAratavarSamAM TheTha urjana sudhI pahoMcI. kAraNa ke mAlava ne zivi leke paMjAbamAMthI bhAgIne ujajaina-avani pradezamAM AvyA. bIjI tarapha eja uthalapAthalanA kAraNe saradarayA-nadIne kAMThe rahenArA saka lokone paNa bhAgavuM paDayuM (mizradAta bIjAnA vakhatamAM) ane chevaTe te temane paNa jainAcArya kalakari sAthe bhAratavarSamAM sindha-saivIra ne saiArASTramAM pharIne ujajaina sudhI javuM paDyuM che ja arthAt e bane jAtio pAchI tyAMnA sImADAmAM ApasamAM TakarAI, arthAt cInanI dIvAla baMdhAvAthI je lokone Takkara lAgI te lake be bhAgamAM vaheMcAI jaI teja bane sAtAvahananA rAjyanI sImAmAM AvIne bharANI ane tyAM banee bhegA thaI pitAnuM jora ajamAvyuM. zalekenI pArthiva rAjya sAthe laDAI- upara ApaNe joI gayA ke sIradarayA-nadIne kAMThe sane rAjA sai--vAM kipinakapiza-kaMboja dezamAM bhAgI gayo hato. tenA sagAsaMbaMdhI-kuTuMbIo badhA chinnabhinna zIrNavizIrNa thaI gayA hatA, bAkIyAmAMthI paNa temane bhAgI javuM paDayuM hatuM. teo tyAMthI bhAgIne hiMdUkaza pAra karI bhAratamAM na AvyA eTale kAbula-dUnanuM yavanarAjya bacI gayuM. yavanarAjaya hiMdamAM paNa te vakhate AvI gayuM hatuM. yuIzi prajAnA kazAnakuLanA purUSe rAjya sthApanA karI te pahelAM bAkaTIyA athavA balakhanA yavana ane pArthiyA athavA paziyA nA pArthava athavA palava hiMdamAM ghaNuM jUnA vakhata thayA rAjyakartA Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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18 mahAkSatrapa rAjA kAmA. thaI gayA hatA. alakhata bAkaTrIyAnA yavanalekAnu rAjya paDatI dazAmAM hatuM, paNa pArthiva ke pallavanuM rAjya tA kharAkhara TakI rahyuM hatuM. se-vAMga kipina-kapiza, kApharistAna athavA gandhAramAM nAzI gayA hatA. ane yuizioe sakonAM ToLAMne tAhIyAnA pradezamAMthI kADhI mUkyA hatA. te pachI sakA jyAM tyAM rakhaDatA hatA paNa te bhAratamAM AvavAne badale lUMTaphATa karatA nairUtya dakSiNa-pazcimamAM herAta tarapha ane tyAMthI peAtAnA jUnA mulaka sIstAna-jyAM prAcIna sakalAko rahetA te tarapha javA lAgyA. paNa sIstAna te vakhate pAva rAjyanA tAkhAmAM hatu. eTale sakanAM dhADAMone rokI tenA upadravathI prajAne bacAvavA pAva rAjAone saka TALAMe sAthe ghaNI laDAie laDavI paDatI. sakanAM A dhADAMonA pravAhane khALI rAkhavA ne aTakAvavA mATe bhagIratha prayatnA karavA paDyA. e prayatnA karatAM karatAM pArthivarAja srAvata khIje i. pU. 128 mAM marAyA. te vakhate A saaAkA tA lUMTaphATa karatA, sthAyI raheThANu-mulkanI zeAdhamAM prIkaramAM hatAja paNa sAthe teja vakhate yuizilAkAnI paNa teja dazA hatI. te pazu lUTaphATa karatA rakhaDatA hatA. jyAM Ave tyAM dhADA lai jatA eTale pArthiva rAjAone temanI sAthe paNa laDavuM paDatuM. krAvata bIjo sakanA TALAMe sAthe laDatAM laDatAM marAyeA. tenI gAdIe akhAna Avyo. te tukhAra-cuiza leAkeAnA dhADAne khALavAmAM ne aTakAvavAmAM rokAyA. e tarkanA lAbha laI khIjI taraphathI sakA tenA rAjyamAM ghusyA. lUMTaphATa karI dezane khedAna medAna verAna ujjaDa karI mUkayA ne chevaTe teo sIstAnamAM pAchA AvI gayA. A tarapha rAjA abAna tukhArA-yuizie sAthe laDatAM laDatAM hAthe ghavAye ne tarataja maraNa pAmyA. ( kadAca hathiyAra jherIluM haze.) i. pU. 123 mAM te marAme abAnanI gAdIe tenA uttarAdhikArI tarIke tenA putra mizradghAta bIje gAdIe AvyA. te vakhate Aju bAjunA pradezamAM salAkAnAM thANAo jyAM tyAM paDyAM hatAM, te thANAMnA saradArA pAva ke yavana rAjAnI sUbedArI paNa karatA. IrAnI athavA pArasI bhASAmAM sUbedArIne satrapI kahe che. ne subAne sapa " * yadyapi kSatrapa zabda saMskRta kA sA pratIta hotA hai, tathApi vAstavameM yaha purAne irAnI kSayapaavn zabdakA saMskRtarUpa hai / isakA artha pRthvIkA rakSaka' hai / isa zabdake " khatapa ( sattava ) " gaurI " chatrapa ,, chatrava Adi prakRta rUpa bhI milate haiM / uttarI kSatrapa loga ' pArthiva ' ( pArthiyana ) rAjAoM ko apanA samrAT yA adhIzvara mAnate the; aura isI lie ve " "" kSatrapa ( arthAt samrAda ke sUbedAra ) kahalAte the / bauddhakAlIna bhArata pR. 285 *

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zaka jAtinuM mULa, kahe che. lazkaramAM bharatI thavA uparAMta kaI rAjyamAM sthAnika khAte paNa teo nAnA nAnA jamInadAra tarIke thaI gayA hatA. dareka thANAne A saradAra ke jamInadAra te "sAhI" kahevAto hato. sIstAnamAM sthira thayA pachI teo pArthava sAthenI athaDAmaNe choDI daI niyaM. traNe ane baMdhAraNamAM zAMtipUrvaka eka prajA tarIke rahevA lAgyA. pArthava athavA pahalava lenA AcAra vicAra rItabhAta athavA saMskRtine moTe bhAge temaNe svIkArI lIdhuM hatuM. mizradAta bIjAnA vakhatamAM A soke-sAhIonA thANA ghaNA jAmI gayA hatA. lagabhaga teo badhAM maLIne 96 sAhIo hatA. parantu mizadAta bahu baLavAna ane parAkramI rAjA hatA. teNe pitAnA kAbu nIcenA A badhA sAhIone khuba dabAvyA, sAthe sAthe pitAnA rAjyanI sImA paNa khUba vadhArI. ghaNuM dUra dUranA pradeza upara potAnI ANa vartAvI, duzmanane mArIne jhera karyA. sakasAhIonA verane paNa te bhUlyuM na hatuM. bhUtakALamAM sakaLAoe pahoMcADelu nukazAna ane tenA pitAne saMhAra tenA maraNa bahAra na hatuM, teNe ene sArI rIte badale lIdhe. teNe potAnA atula parAkramathI "rAjarAjezvara"--" "kSAdAnAM phA "nI upAdhi dhAraNa karI. A padavI pArthivarAjAomAMja pahelA zarU thaI ane te mizradAta bIjAe potAnA rAjyakALamAM cAlu karI. * Cor. Ins. India Pt. 1, P. xx1. Palitical History of A. India. D. 351. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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zakalekanuM bhAratamAM Agamana - I. sa. pU. 123 nI AsapAsa bhAratavarSamAM ujajainamAM gardasiMha rAjA gAdI. nazIna hato. zaka leke paNa Aja arasAmAM bhAratavarSamAM AvelA che. te zAmATe ne kaye raste bhAratamAM AvyA te ApaNe AgaLa vicArIzuM. jainenA tirdhara kAlakAcArya, - jemAM kAlakAcArya te traNa cAra ke pAMca thayA che. prastuta AcArya jemane gabhilla sAthe saMbaMdha che, temane samaya I. sa. pU. bIjI zatAbdInI madhyamAM arthAta vIra saM. cothI zatAbdInI vacamAM gaNavo joIe. - jyAre gabhiA rAjA ujajainanI gAdI upara hatuM te vakhate jena AcArya kAlakasUri paNa ujajainamAM AvI caDyA. teo paNa tiSazAstranA prakhara vidvAna gaNAtA. temane tyAM sAro prabhAva hato. te vakhate kAlakasUrinI plena sarasvatI sAdhvI paNa vicaratI vicaratI urjana AvI. te yuvati ane svarUpavatI hatI, eka vakhata sAdhvIo sAthe te zahera bahAra gayelI, te vakhate gardabha paNa upavanamAM nikaLehato. teNe tene joI. gaEbhila rAjAe tene potAnA aMta:puramAM lAvI maMgAvI. ujajainamAM hAhAkAra thaI gayA. kAlasRrie ane jaina saMghe gabhila

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zakalAnu bhAratamAM Agamana. 1 rAjAne khUba samajAvyA, manAvyeA, parantu rAjA na mAnyA. te vakhate kAlakasUrie gussAmAM AvI pratijJA karI ke " rAjA gabhiAne ane tenA rAjyane ukhADI sAdhvI sarasvatIne choDAvuM nahIM tA huM durgatinA bhAgI thauM." AvI bhISmapratijJA karIne AcArya kAlakasUri ujajainathI cAlI nikaLyA. tee +pArasa pradezamAM pahoMcyA. tyAMnA rAjA "sAhI * yadyenamurvIpatigardabhillaM, kozena putraiH prabalaM ca rAjyAt / nonmUlayAmIti kRtapratijJo vidhAya veSaM grahilAnurUpam // kAlakAcAryakathA pR0 85-60 .. upAyenonmUlayiSyan zakakulaM yayau guruH // 23 // ye syustatra ca sAmantAH te sAkhaya iti smRtAH / teSAM tu nRpatiH sAkhAnusAkhIriti vizrutaH // 24 // AcAryastasthivAMstatra sAkherekasya sannidhau / mantrayantraprayogAdyaiH taM cAtyantamaraJjayat // 25 // X X X X X ' kAlakAcArya jinadevIya zakakula- . kopena sandhAM kurute munIzaH // 19 // ye pratyanIkA jinazAsanasya, saMghasya ye cAzubhavarNavAcaH / upekSako DAhakarA dharAyAM, teSAmahaM yAmi gatiM sadaiva // 20 // pArzvakUla X kathA pR0 90 | pArasakULane viSe itihAsamAM khAsa karIne jaina anuzrutimAM ghaNA matabheda che. saMskRta-prAkRtabhASAmAM lakhAyalI judI judI jaina pratAmAM ' pArasakuLa ' nA judA judA nAmeA Ave che. keApta sthaLe zakakula, zAkhIdeza, pazcimapArzvakUla, pArasakUla, pArisakUla, sagakula, sindhujanapada vigere vigere bha---- zAkhIdeza - " zAkhIdezazca " tatrAsti rAjAnastatra zAkhayaH sindhudeza aha sUri ' sagakUle ' vaccai igasAhiNo samIvaMmi upAyenonmUlayiSyan -- zakakulaM ' yayau guruH prabhAvacaritra kAlakaprama%0. " zrutveti sUrirgata eva sindhornadyAstaTaM pazcimapArzvakulam / kohakaMto kAligajjo tao vihAraM kiccA sindhujaNavayaM patto Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat > " kAlaka kathA. kAlaka kathA ( jinadeva ) , kAlaka kathA. himavaMtatherAvali Ama pAsakULanA aneka nAmAMtarA maLe che, ane te badhA mArI daSTie IMgitazabda varSaraaysaa che. bhebhaDe ' sAhI' uparathI 'sADI heza' ' sAmIheza ' } -- zAmI heza; 'pArasaheza, ' ' pArzva UNa' meM 'pArisahUNa; ' ' ' uparathI 'zaguna' he 'sagaDuNa' "" 7 phArasa ' uparathI vigere. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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v mahAkSatrapa rAjA kadAmA. neva sAhAnusADI " kahevAtA hatA. kAlakasUri eka sAhIne tyAM rahyA ane jyAtiSa vigerethI tene prasanna karyA. eka vakhata ' sAhI 'enA vaDA +'sAhAnusAhI 'e sAhIo upara gusse thaI badhA sAhIone ekeka kaTAra meAkalI ane tenA upara lakhyu ke " A kaTArathI tamArAM mAthAM kApI mArI pAse mAkalAvA " sAhI A AdezathI muMjhANA. AcArya kAlakasUri bahu catura hatA ane te vakhate tyAM hatA. temaNe A banAvano lAbha levA cAhyo. phAlakasUrie A vAta jANI temaNe sAhIne samajAvye ke tamAre nirarthaka AtmaghAta zAmATe karavA joie? tame badhA mArI sAthe cAle, ApaNe bhAratavaSa mAM hiMdugadeza taraph cAlyA jaie. teNe khIjA badhA sAhIone bhegA karI kAlakasUrine saMdeza saMbhaLAvyeA. sA sammata thayA ane te kula channu-96 sAhIe eka sAthe jyeAtidhara " 86 sAthe sAthe " kuLa zabda mATe paNa ghaNA matabheda che. amuka vidvAna dIdha kAravALA mULa zabda vAstavika mAnI tene kinArA evA a kare che jyAre prAcIna pAthIomAMpratAmAM kuLa zabda mATe bhAge hrasva ukAravALA maLe che. ' * .. mArI mAnyatA pramANe temAM koi eka ja vicAra nizcita karavA vyAjmI nathI, te banne kuLa zabdo ThIka che. kAi sthaLe dezavAcaka zabda sAthe 'kULa 'zabda dIkAravALA upayukta che. jemake 'pArasakULa.' kAraNake ahIM kinArA vAyaka ' kULa ' zabdanA saMbaMdha yathA che. pArasadeza ane kULa=darIyA kinArA; balke ahIMyA pArasakuLa zabda asaMgata thai paDe che. , jyAre ' zaka' ke ' sAhI ' e vyaktivAcaka zabdo gaNI zakAya. eTale ke je vyakti vAcaka zabda ' zaka ' ke ' sAhI ' levAmAM AvyA hoya te samUha-jAtivAcaka 'kuLa ' zabda tenI sAthe uparyukta te yathArtha gaNAya. ' sAhIkuLa, ' ' zakakuLa ' vigere. ulTu vyaktivAcaka zabda sAthe kinArAvAcaka zabdonA meLa aNughaTatA thai paDe che. eTale ke dezavAcI zabda sAthe kinArAvAcaka ' kULa ' zabda ane vyakti vAcaka zabda sAthe samUhajAtivAcaka ' kuLa ' zabda lagADavAmAM Ave teA upayukta arthA maLI Ave; ' pArasakULa ' ane ' sAhIkuLa ' e banne zabdo levAthI a teA eja nikaLe che ke AcArya. kAlasUri siMdhu nadIne pAra karI pArasakULa--phArasadezamAM gayA, tyAM sAhI sAthe rahyA . ane temanA upara prabhAva pADyo. * rAjAonA rAjA, rAjarAjezvara, rAjAdhirAja, zahenazAha. + A sAhAnusAhI te mithradAta bIjo pAthavarAjA hatA. te ` khAna rAjAnA uttarAdhikArI hatA. teNe pAtAnA pitAnuM vera vALavA zaka lekAnu nikaMdana kADhavAnI yukti racI hatI. te eTalA badhA parAkramI hatA ane sAhIone eTalA sattvahIna banAvI mUkayA hatA ke 96 sAhIe paNa tenI sAthe mAthu uMcakI zakayA na hatA. teNe A kaTAra mAkalIne pitAnuM pUrU vera vALyu. tene irAdA te badhAne naSTa karavAnA hatA, parantu AcArya' kAlakasUrie temane badhAne sAthe lIdhA, te temanA tAraNahAra banyA.

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zakaleAkAnuM bhAratamAM Agamana. 23 AcArya kAlakasUrinA netRtva nIce bhAratavaSa tarapha cAlyA. kAlakasUri temanA sUtradhAra banyA. teoe sindhu nadI pAra karI bhAratamAM praveza karyAM. temanA bhArata praveza saMbaMdhI keTaleAka matabheda che. munirAja xzrIkalyANavijayajI ema mAne che ke teo pArasathI samudra mArge saurASTramAM AvyA. prAcIna pratAmAM lakhAyu che ke sindhu nadIne pAra karI te bIjA rAjA upara vijaya karatA karatA sArASTramAM AvyA che. jyAre bIjA itihAsakArA ema mAne che ke te sindhu nadI pAra karI sindhamAM thaIne saiArASTramAM AvyA che. munirAja kalyANuvijayajInA mata svIkAra karavAmAM Ave ane samudramA saurASTramAM zakaleAkAnu Agamana mAnavAmAM Ave teA teo sindhamAM kayAre gayA ? tyAM vAsa kyAre karyA ? hiMdu zasthAnanI sthApanA kyAre karI ? vigerenA meLa besI zake nahIM. vaLI zasthAnanI sthApanA tA i. pU. 120-15 nI aMdara thayAnuM mAnavAmAM Ave che ane zakalAkanuM bhAratamAM Agamana . pU. 123 nI AsapAsa manAya che. eTale ke bhAratamAM AvyA pachI tarataja lagabhaga hiMdI zasthAnanI sthApanA karI che ane saurASTramAM tA 115-10 nI aMdara AvyA che. x sabake saba apane-apane sthAnase bhAgakara hindustAnakI tarapha ravAnA hue| isa prakAra chiyAnave sAhi samudramArgase saurASTra ( kAThIyAvAr3a) meM Ae / * uttIrya sindhuM kaTakaM surASTrA-deze samAgatya sukhena tasthau muni kalyANavijayajI 'divelI aminana graMtha ' chu. 18 vacA hinduLase...... jAva uttaritta sindhuM pattA soraTThamaNDalaM tAva ......samUca sAlayaH sarve: sindhutIre samAnaman ! rUpa || AcAryadarzitapathaH sAkhIzaH so'pi satvaram / prayANairanavacchinnairupasindhu samAsadat || 38 // te'tha sindhuM samuttIrya, sAdhayanto'khilAnnRpAn surASTrAviSayaM prApu-statra prAtruDupeyuSI // 39 // kAlikAcArya kathA ( jinadeva ) " jANAvAya jyA. " Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat The Story of Kalaka ( Brown ) P. 94. uttari sindhunaI kameNa soradrumaNDale pattA / The Story of Kalaka ( Brown) P. 74. They crossed the river Indus and in time, came to the land of Saurastra. Dr. Brown P. 81. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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24 mahAkSatrapa rAjA rUdradAmA. bIjo virAdha e Ave che ke-saurASTramAM AvyA pachI tA teo sidhA siMdhamAM gayA nathI. teoe dakSiNa gujarAtamAM thatA gujarAtanA rAjAonI madada letA letA ujajaina upara caDAI karI gabhidhane harAvyA che. gabhiTTane harAvyA pachI te siMdhamAM gayA hoya ane zasthAnanI sthApanA karI hoya evuM itihAsamAM nathI. # kaI eTale mAnavuM paDaze ke tee pArasakULa-phArasamAMthI sAhIe sAthe samudramALe saiArASTramAM nathI AvyA paNa sindhu nadIne pAra karI i. pU. 123 nI lagabhaga sindhamAM utaryo ane tyAMthI kacchamAM thai saurASTramAM AvyA. hindI zasthAna---- sindhu nadI pAra karI hindunI vAyavya sarahadamAMnA prAMtamAM thai te prathama siMdhamAM AvI aTakayA. e arasAmAM tyAM kai mATI rAjyasattA nahatI. nAnA nAnA yavana rAjgyAjamInadAro ane leAkasaMghanI sattA sAmAnyarIte pravartatI hatI. te jamInadAra yavanAne ane svataMtra janasamUheAne A zaaAkAe dabAvI, temanA upara zakasaradArAe peAtAnuM Adhipatya jamAvyuM ane temAMnA keTalAka saradArA ahIMnA sattAdhIza thai beThA, eTaluMja nahIM temaNe te sthAnane " bhAratIya zasthAna evu nAma paNa ApyuM. A sthApanA i. pU. 120-15 nI aMdaranA vakhatamAM thaI hatI. ethI svAbhAvika anumAna thAya che ke tyAM siMdhamAM zakasaradArAnI sattA khUbaja jAmI gai hatI, ke jene pariNAme te pradeza inDokruthiyA ' athavA ' hIdI zakasthAna ' kahevAyeA. 6 "" A hindI zasthAnanuM mukhya zahera-rAjadhAnI mInanagaramAM hatI. te zahera sindhu nadIne kinAre Avelu hatuM ane tyAMthI najIkamAM samudra kinArA upara araka nAmanuM zakleAkeAnuM baMdara hatuM. pazcimabhAratamAM pravAsa-- siMdhamAM peAtAne aDDo ne raheThANu sthAyI banAvIne te leAkeA pazcima tarapha cAlyA. kacchamAM thaIne teo saiArASTramAM AvyA. A kUca teoe ekaja varSamAM khatama karI hatI ema kALakAcAya kathAnakathI spaSTa pratIta thAya che. A samaya I. pU. 110-105 * hindI zakasthAna kI rAjadhAnI mInanagara sindhunadI ke kinAre kahIM thI / samudrataTapara barbaraka nAmakA bandaragAha usake najadIka hI thA / isa ke bAda jaba bhArata ke dUsare paDosI prAntoM meM zaka kI khattA pahuMcI, taba vahAM unake zAsaka kSatrapa yA mahAkSatrapa kahalAte,... saMbhavataH unakA adhipati mInanagara kA zaka mahArAjA hI hotA thaa| isa prakAra bhAratavarSa meM sindhaprAnta zakakA aDDA aura AdhAra bana gayA, aura vahIMse ve dUsare prAntoM kI tarapha baDhe / bhAratIya i0 rUparekhA pR. 7570 + bhAratIya itihAsa kI rUparekhA ji. 2. pR, 758

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25 zakokonuM bhAratamAM Agamana. daramyAnane gaNI zakAya. sidhathI kAThIyAvADa vaccenA vRNi kukara vigere sattAo zakalekae svAdhIna karI lIdhI. saiArASTramAM teo ThIka ThIka rahyA. comAsu Avyu hatuM eTale AgaLa vadhavuM muzkela hatuM kaccha, saurASTramAM temaNe khUba sattA jamAvI. sainyabaLa ne sAdhana sAmagrI paNa taiyAra karI. kahevAya che ke serAddhane te saradAronI vacce vaheMcI lIdhuM hatuM. ane pArasaphaLa" mAM je sAhIne tyAM AcArya kAlakasUri rahyA hatA tene se saradAre-sairASTranA adhipati ni hato. kSatrapa-mahAkSatrapanI yojanA sindhamAM "zikasthAna" nI sthApanA karyA pachI sairAddha tarapha kUca karI tyAre rAjadhAnI tarIke te mInanagara ja mukarara hatuM. tyAMnA sattAdhIza temanA adhIzvara-rAjA kahevAtA. te pachI jyAM jyAM temanI sattA sthApana thatI tyAM sUbA ke vaDAsUbA nimAtA. AgaLa kahI game tema sUbAne satrapa kahevAmAM Ave che ane satra5nuM saMskRtarUpa-bhAratIya bhASAmAM kSatrapa thAya che. A sUbA ke kSatrapa ane vaDAsUbA ke mahAkSatrapa bane barAbara samAnArthaka zabdo che. te sUbA ne vaDAsUbAnI sthApanA thatI. zakasthAna pachI jyAM jyAM sattA temaNe jamAvI tyAM tyAM kSatrapa ane mahAkSatrapanI nimaNuka thaI. zakaphaLamAM sAhIo jema sAhAnasAhI (zahenazAha ) mizradAta bIjAne AdhIna hatA tema ahiMnA kSetra ne mahAkSatrapo "zakasthAnanA rAjAne AdhIna kahevAtA. kSatrapane hiMdamAM pracAra- A kSatrapa ke mahAkSatrapano pracAra pahela vahelA mahAvijetA elekajhAnDaranA vakhatathI zarU thayo che. hiMda upara I. sa. pU. 3ra7-324 nA arasAmAM alekajhAMDare laDAIo karI hiMdanA ghaNA pradeza jItI lIdhA ane tenA svadeza tarapha pAcho pharyo tyAre teNe jItAyalA mulka upara sava nImI potAnA jItAyelA pradezone moTI pAMca satrapImAM vibhAjita karI nAkhyA hatA. te pAMca sUbAgIrI (satrapI) mAM pAMca sUbAo nimyA hatA. temAM eka satrapI takSazilAmAM kSatrapa rIlipa bIjI satrapa kAbUlamAM kSatrapa nikenara jenI hada bAkIyAmAM AvelA hindukuzanA ghATa sudhI hatI. trIjI satrapI siMdhamAM ejInarane putra pithana vigere, ema satra nimAyA hatA. A satra AsapAsanA nAnAM moTAM saMsthAnane dabAvI pitAnA khaMDIyA banAvI

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26 mahAkSatrapa rAjA rUdradAmA. le tyAre te, mahAkSatrapa khanI jatA. A mahAkSatrapa te vaDAsUme, pratinidhi ke vAyasarAya te sthAne manAtA. ujjaina upara hallA saurASTramAM te sthira thai, sAdhana sAmagrI ekaThI karI lIdhI ane AcArya kALakAsUranI sUcanAthI yAgya samaye teoe ujjainanA rAjA gabhillunA rAjya upara humalA karavA kUca karI. teoe dakSiNa gujarAtanA rAjA aLamitra ane bhAnumitrane paNa sAthe meLavI lIdhA. kAraNa ke te e gabhilluthI apamAnita thayA hatA eTale gabhikSa sAthe temane paNa vaira hatuMja. ema bannene ane bIjApaNu gujarAtanA rAjAone sAthe lai sA AcArya kAlakAsUrinA netRtva nIce ujajaina tarapha AgaLa vadhyA ane ujjaina upara hallA karyA-ghera ghAlye. rAjA gabhillu mahA zaktizALI ane vyaMtarI vidyA-ga bhI vidyAnI sAdhanAvALA hatA. e vidyAne lIdhe te ' ajeya ' gaNAtA, kAlakasUri e hakIkatathI pUrNa vAkepha hatA. ghero ghAlyA pachI AcArya kAlakasUrine samAcAra maLyA ane jANa thai ke rAjA gabhikSa traNa upavAsa karI gabhI vidyAnI sAdhanA karI rahyo che. tyAre teNe senAnA cunaMdA ekasA ATha zabdavedhI bANAvaLI ceAddhAone khelAvI A hakIkata jaNAvI ane salAha ApI ke jyAre gabhI-gadhADI bhUMkavA mATe mADhuM ughADe tyAre ekadama garda bhInA meADhAmAM khANAnA varasAda varasAvavA, khANeAthI tenu mADhuM bharI devuM jethI te avAja na karI zake. yeddhAoe te pramANe karyuM ane rAjA gabhiAnA parAjaya thayA. AcArya kAlakasUrie tene ukhADI unnayanI upara adhikAra meLavyeA peAtAnI mhena sarasvatI sAdhvIne cheADAvI pharI saMyamamAM pravRtta karI, ane zakaleAkAe ujjaina upara peAtAnI rAMjyasattA sthApI. e rIte te zalAkA temanA mULa zasthAnathI hindukuzane mArge sindhunadI pAra karI sindhamAM peAtAnuM navuM zasthAna jamAvI kacchane viMdhI saurASTra sudhI pahoMcyAM tyAM sattA jamAvI. gujarAta tarapha thai ujajaina upara caDAi karI, tyAM rAjyasattA jamAvI. e rIte bhAratanA pazcimakhaMDa upara temanu ekachatra rAjya sthApana thayuM. * DhakkAninAdena kRtaprayANA nRpAH pracelurgurulATadezam / - taddezanAthau balamitra - bhAnumitrau gRhItvA'guravanti somAm Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat phAlakakathA. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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rAjA rudradAmAno rAjya adhikAra. . ujajainamAM zakokoe rAjagAdI sthApana te karI paraMtu lAMbA kALa sudhI te TakI nahIM. lagabhaga cAreka varSa pachI zakaleke pAsethI ujajainanuM rAjya chInavAI gayuM. paraMtu pazcima bhAratamAM te teo bahu lAMbA kALa sudhI rAjyasattA bhogavI zakyA, eTaluM ja nahIM rAjyane vistAra paNa vadhAryo. temAM zakarAjA mahAkSatrapa cachana ane mahAkSatrapa rudradAmA vadhAre prasiddha che. mahAkSatrapa caSTane pitAnA nAmathI vaMzanI sthApanA karI hatI ane te cachanavaMza kahevAya. ane rAjA rUdradAmAe ujananI gAdI pAchI meLavI hatI. rAjA rudradAmA caTTanane pAtra thatA hatA. rAjA rudradAmA vigere mULe te kArdamaka vaMzanA hatA. kAntara guphAnA eka khaMDita lekha je amAtya sarake eka pAnIyabhAjana-pANI bharavAnI goLI bheTa ApyA bAbatane che temAM vAsiSThIputra zrI sAtakarNanI devI-rANI kAdamaka rAjAonA vaMzamAM utpanna thayela mahAkSatrapa rudradAmAnI dikarIno ulalekha che. AthI ema jaNAya che ke-rudradAmAnA pitAmaha mahAkSatrapa zabdane sthApele cachana * mAratIya . havelA gi 2. p. 868.

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mahAkSatrapa rAjA radradAmA. vaMza te vakhate vadhAre khyAti pAmela na hovo joIe ane tyAM sudhI vizeSapaNe te kArdamaka vaMzanA kahevAtA hovA joIe eTale ke mULa te e kArdAmaka vaMzanA hatA. vaLI caTTananA pitAmaha jhAmetika (dasametika, sAmetika) sudhI te cachanavaMzanuM nAma nizAnaja na hatuM. caSTananA pitAmahanuM nAma kharekhara zuM hatuM te ghaNu kALa sudhI te ajJAta ane saMzayAtmaka ja rahyuM che. tene pahelAM dasametika ke sAmetika kahetA paNa pAchaLathI brAhmIlipi ane kharejhI lipimAM jema jema anveSaNa thatuM gayuM ne uccAraNanuM jema jema spaSTIkaraNa thatuM gayuM tema tema tenA vAstavika zabdoccAraNe thavA lAgyA. ane mULa zabdamAM parivartane thatAM gayAM. tenA pariNAme pahelAM jene dasametika ke ssAmatika kahetA hatA tene Aje jhAmetika kahe che. kAraNake jhane kahevA mATe te vakhate sa ne upayoga thato hato. atyAranI zodhakheLa pramANe kAmetika e chelluM ne pariskRitanAma gaNAya che. keTalAka vidvAna strInane silvanalevI vigere bhUmaka ane prAmetika bane ekaja che ema mAne che, ane dalIla raju kare che ke grAmetika e zakazabda che ane temAM "jhAma"ne artha "bhUmi' evo thAya che eTale jhAmetika ne saMskRta bhASAmAM anudita karavAmAM Ave te bhUmaka evuM nAma thAya, eTale bhUmaka ane jhAmetika bane ekaja vyaktinA nAmAntara devA joIe. vaLI te vakhate zaka, pArthava, kuzAna vigere loko jema bane tema potAnA vyavahAramAM AryatvanI chApa lAvavA vizeSa kozIza karatA hatA eTale saMbhava che ke temaNe temanA nAme AryabhASA-saMskRtamAM pheravI nAkhyAM hoya. vaLI e vakhate hindane pazcima bhAga surASTra, gujarAta, kaccha vigere hindIrAjAnA amala nIce ghaNA vakhatathI hato eTale emanI sAthe bhaLI javA mATe jhAmetike potAnuM nAma bhUmaka x rAkhyuM hoya. 1 ejAnai eysAnai. bhAratIya. rUparekhA pR. 817 + This Ysamotika is evidently derived from the Saka word Ysama, earth'. I therefore agree with M. Sylvain Levi in identifying Ysamotika with Bhumaka, seeing in the latter name a clumsy attempt at translating the Saka name into Sanskrit. Kharoshthi Inscriptions. Cor. Ins. Indi. Vol. II. Pt. I. P. LXX. * kharechI insakrIpzana pR. 70.

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rAjA rUdradAmAno rAjya adhikAra. 29: alabata ItihAsakAroe A dalIlane bahu ochuM vajuda ApyuM che. rAyacaudharI vigere ItihAsakoe kSaharATa vaMzane bhUmaka ane caTTananA pitAmaha jhAmetika bane bhinna vyaktio che ema batAvyuM che ane atyAra sudhI te manAtuM Ave che. paraMtu vicAra karatAM mane ema lAge che ke grAmetika ane bhUmaka bane ekaja levA joIe. zaka zabda Arya bhASAmAM palaTAyelo hovo joIe. arthAta grAmetikano anuvAda bhUmaka (saMskRtamAM) karI levAyo hoya te taddana saMbhavita che. paraMtu eTaluM to kharUMja ke te (be hoya te paNa) bane zaka jAtinA hatA. tenA kuLa vize temaNe khAsa kazuM kahyuM nathI. resane tenA kuLa vize kAMIka vizeSa prakAza pADyo che ane te kArdamakakuLane hovA vize ullekha karatAM ema batAve che ke - e kAmaka kuLanuM mULa IrAna-pAthayAnA pradezamAM kAIma nadI AvelI che, ane tyAMnA A leko rahevAsI hoya te te nadInA nAmathI A vaMzanuM nAma kardamavaMza paDyuM hoya e sAva saMbhavita che. ' vaLI rUdradAmAnI putrI pitAne kAmaka kuLanI oLakhAvIne garva dharatI hatI. e paNa eka kAraNa che. ' arthAt A nadInA nAmathI ane pelA lekhathI ema mAnavAne kAraNe maLe che ke te mULe kAmaka kuLanA hatA. Lastly, the Karddamaka family, from which the daughter of the Mahakshatrapa Rudra claimed descent, apparently derived its name from the Karddama river in Persia, Political History of A. India P. 422. * The queen's name is missing, but she is described as the queen of Vasisthiputra shri Satakarni, descended from the family of karddamaka Kings. She was almost certainly also described as "[ the daughter ] of the Mahakshatrapa Rudra.' Indian Coins by Rapson LI The term is used so as to include at least two distinct families. The Ksaharatas and the family of castana. It is possible that the proper name of the latter may have been Karddamaka.' A catalogue of the Indian coins, in the British Museum CIII

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mahAkSatrapa rAjA rUdradAmA. sAmeAtikanA putra caSTane te kAmaka kuLanuM nAma pheravI pAtAnA nAmanA vaMza sthApita karyA ane te pachI dhIre dhIre teo caSTanavazanA rAjAe kahevAyA. 30 caSTananA nAma mATe paNa ghaNA matabheda hatA. prA. enDrIyasanA matavya pramANe paTTo bhASAmAM caSTana zabdanA 'mAlika ' artha thAya che. ane paTAbhASA e pU - tu stAnanI prAcIna zakabhASA sAthe amuka aMze saMbaMdha rAkhanArI che. keTalAka tene stana kahetA. Sastana e nAma kuzAnavavaMzanA devakuLamAMthI maLI AvelI eka mUrti nIce kAtarAyalu che, te caSTananI mUrti che ema zrI bhaTTAcArye prathama zodhI kADhayuM ane vidvAnAe te mAnya rAkhyuM che. eTale pastana e caSTananuM ja nAma che. phaeNTAlemI tene TIasTanesa tarIke varNave che. TIasTanesa e yUnAnI bhASAne zabda che, tenuja rUpa bhAratIyabhASAmAM caSTana thAya che, eve vidvAnAnA mata che. A caSTana prathama te sAdhAraNa kSatrapa hatA. keTalAkanA mate te kuzAnavavaMzanA kSatrapa hatA. paNa pAchaLathI mahAkSatrapa banyA ane rAjAnI upAdhi paNa teNe dhAraNa karI hatI. tenAM cAMdI, tAMbAnA sikkAo paNa maLyA che tenA upara brAhmIlipimAM rAo kSatravasa kalamotipu[la--]...'' lakhyu che. bIjIbAju kharAnnIlipimAM " *tro [--], cenala" 'eTalu' vAMcI zakAya che. + Cor. Ind. Ins. Vol, II Pt. I P. 1xx " mAratIya rU. kArelA, '' rR. 812. Muttra Sculptures P. 9. | B. Bhattacharya......declares that the name on one of the two statues discovered with the statue of Kanishka at Mat, 9 miles north of Mathura, is 'Chastaia.' K. P. Jayswal...points out that the faet that this statue was found in the same Devkula as the statue of Kanishka justifies the view that chashtana was a relative of Kanishka and belonged to the same family. Early History of India, P. 223. SS Ptolemy tells us that in his time ozene was the capital of Tiastanes. This name transliterates chashtana, one which is found on coins and the cave temple inscriptions of Western India. This prince apears probably to have been the founder of the Kshatrapa dynasty of Western India ( see Ind. Alt. Vol. III, P. 171. ) Ancient India as described by Ptolemy. P. 156, | Catalouge of Indian coins P. 72. * Catalogue of Indian coins by Rapson p. 73-4.

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mahAkSatrapa pastana athavA caSTana ( je atyAre mathurAnA karjhana myujhIyamamAM vidyamAna che. )

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rAjA rUdradAmAnA rAjya adhikAra. tenA tAMbAnA sikkAo upara khAdelA akSarA spaSTa vAMcI zakAtA nathI. pAchalA prakaraNamAM ApaNe joi gayA ke zakaleAkAe gabhillu pAsethI ujjainanu rAjya chInavI lIdhu hatu paNa te lAMbA kALa zakleAkeA nabhAvI zakayA nahIM. lagabhaga cAreka varSa pachI te rAjya temanI pAsethI cAlyuM gayu. paraMtu saurASTranI sattA temanI pAse bahu lAMbA samaya sudhI rahI. lagabhaga cArasA varSa sudhI saurASTramAM teo prabaLa sattAdhIza hatA. *TolemInI bhUgALa upara TIppaNa karatAM majamudAra lakhe che ke zamlekA pAsethI rAjya chInavyuM te samudraguptanA putra caMdragupta hatA ane teNeja zoAkA pAsethI ujjainanI gAdI chInavI lIdhI hatI. AcArya kAlakaranA netRtva nIce zaklAke ujjainanI gAdIe AvyA ane cAreka varSa pachI pAchI gAdI khAi te pachI rUdradAmAe lIdhI eTale cana kacchakAThIyAvADamAM te bahu lAMkhA vakhata rAjA tarIke rahyo. lagabhaga i. 80 thI 110 sudhI te manAya che. te bahu pratApI hatA. tenA putra jayadAmA tenI pachI gAdIe AvyA, paNa te bahu parAkramI nahatA. alke tenA samayamAM tenA pitAe meLavelA ghaNuMAkharA vistAra tenI pAsethI bIjI pramaLa sattAoe chInavI lIdheA hatA. jayadAsA pachI tenA putra rUdradAmA prajAnA pratinidhi tarIke rAjyAsana upara AvyeA. te tenA dAdA caSTana jevA prabaLa pratApI ne tejasvI rAjavI hatA. zarUAtamAM te te mahAkSatrapa caSTrana sAthe kacchamAM rahetA hatA, parantu pAchaLathI te te bhAre yazasvI ne vijetA tarIke vikhyAta thayA. kiyA thA vaha bahuta samaya taka TikA rahA / nikala gayA thA; para esA pratIta hotA adhikAra meM rahA / mu0 kalyANavijaya, 'dvivedI abhinandana grantha pR. 99 was the capital of Tiastenes *Ozene-...Ptolemy informs us that It ( Chastana ). The descendants of him are known as the saka satraps. They were conquered by Chandra-Gupta II, Vikramaditya, the son of Samudra-Gupta. / zaka logoMne yaha pahale hI pahala jo saurASTra ko adhikRta ujjaina kA adhikArasUtra to cAravarSa ke bAda unake hAtha se hai ki saurASTra to kamase kama cAraso varSoM taka niraMtara unhIM ke Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat Ancient India as described by Ptolemy P. 373. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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mahAkSatrapa rAjA rUdradAmA. tenA pitAnA vakhatamAM saurASTranA ghaNA pradeza chInavAi gayA hatA, khalke AkhA surASTranA mulaka sAtavAhanavazanA rAjAonA tAbAmAM hatA. 3ra jyAre zale ke pahela vahelA saurASTramAM AvyA tyAre tyAMnuM rAjya prajAsattAka hatuM. nAnA nAnA leAkasa Mghe peAtAnA vibhAganuM rAjyataMtra calAvatA hatA. dhIme dhIme videzIonA humalAethI A tatravyavasthA naSTa thai ane surASTra zablekane hAthe paDayuM. te pachI AMdhranA rAjA gautamIputra sAtakaNa je isvI. pU. 11644 sudhI rAjya karI gayA-tenA hAthamAM hatuM. tenA avasAna pachI surASTra upara videzI AkramaNu thayuM ane kuzAnavavaMzanA kSatrapAnA hAthamAM gayu, ema lagabhaga 40 varSa sudhI surASTra upara uttara ane dakSiNu banne taraphanI baLavAna sattAonA humalAo barAbara cAlu rahyA. e humalAothI surASTranI prajA paNa thAkIne trAsI gai hatI. temane teA eka evA pramaLa rAjAnI jarUra hatI ne evA purUSane rAjA banAvavA cAhatI hatI ke jenAM saMrakSaNu nIce potAnI saMskRtinI, jAnamAlanI, ne mulkanI bahAdurI pUrvaka rakSA karI zake. tethI surASTranI samasta prajAe rAjA rUdradAmAnI pasaMdagI karI, temAM prajA saphaLa nivaDI, eTaluMja nahIM khUba AbAda ane sukhI thai. rUdradAmAe prajAnI rakSAmAM rAjyanA zAsana ane vistAramAM apUrva kozalya, kuneha ne bahAdurI batAvyA. sAthe sAthe peAtAnI jAtane teNe Arya saMskRtimAM etaprota karI. rUdradAmAnA rAjya amala. surASTranA sattAdhIza manI rUdradAmAe jIvananA dareka aMzamAM AryasaMskRtine apanAvI, rAjakArabhAramAM prAcIna prathAone bahu jatanapUrvaka saMbhALI rAkhI, prajA pacAyatA, prajApratinidhi-leAkasa MghAnI sthApanA karI, salAhakAraka matrimaMDaLa ane kAryavAhaka maMtrimaMDaLanI sthApanA karI, rAjya saMcAlanane khUba vyavasthita karyuM. tenuMja e piraNAma che ke zalAkAnI sattA rUdradAmA pachI paNa bahu lAMbA kALasudhI bhAratamAM TakI rahI. teNe peAtAnA pAchaLathI chatAyalA badhA pradeza upara eja rIte rAjyaamala karyo. badhe peAtAnA pratinidhi nimyA ane teja paddhatie tene rAjya vistAra vadhyA. yazasvI digvijaya, rUdradAmAnA rAjyazAsananA varSA tenA jIvananAM atyaMta yazasvI ne jAjvalyamAna hatAM. te varSomAM judA judA mulkA upara caDAi karI, teNe tyAM peAtAnI sattA kAyama karI. siMdha, kAMkaNa deze| tAbe karyAM. AMdhradezanAtra rAjA vAziSThIputra pulumAyInI mALavA, x A pulumAcI sAthe teNe potAnI dikarInu lagna karyuM hatu`. eTale vAziSThIputra pulumAcI tenA jamA thatA hatA mATe tene be vakhata pakaDavA chatAM mArI na nAkhyA ane jIvatA choDI dIdhA.

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33 rAjA rudradAmAne rAjya adhikAra. sAthe be vAra yuddho karI tene harAvyuM, pakaDyo ane choDI dIdho. pulamAthIe pitAnA pitA pAsethI jItI lIdhelA kSaharAtavaMzanA rAjAonA tamAma muke rUdradAmAe pulumAyI pAsethI paDAvI lIdhA ane potAnA rAjya vistAramAM meLavI dIdhA. pulumAyI pAsethI meLavelA mulkonI vyavasthA karI te cheka gedAvarInA kinArA sudhI gaye, pUrvamAM vidhyAcaLanI pahelI pArasudhI, uttaramAM rAjapUtAnA, paMjAba, tathA siMdhanA badhA pradezane yuddha karI jItI lIdhA. dheyo para vijaya rAjapUtAnAnA che te vakhate prabaLa parAkramI gaNAtA hatA. traNaso varSathI cAlI AvatI khUnAmarakI ane laDAIomAM teo haMmezAM vijayI rahyA hatA, ane pitAnuM akhaMDa svAtaMtrya bahu vIratA pUrvaka saMbhALI-sAcavI rahyA hatA. tethI AkhA dezamAM caudheyonI vIra tarIke gaNanA thatI. teo pitAnA sikakAomAM bhAlAdhArI vIra yoddhAnI mUrti rAkhatA, ane " cAinastha " e pramANe kotarAvatA. bahu lAMbA kALa sudhI aparAjita rahevAne kAraNe, ne badhA vijayane pariNAme teo atyaMta ghamaMDI ne madamasta thaI gayA hatA. temane koI sattA dabAvI zakatI na hatI, tethI teo adamya manAtA hatA. temane rAjya vistAra rAjapUtAnA, bharatapurathI mAMDIne bhAvalapuranI sImA satalajanA nIcenA pravAha sudhI jato hato. atyAranuM johIyAvara e codheya nAmanuM sUcaka che. AvA adamya, aparAjita ane madenmatta codheyone paNa rAjA rudradAmAe jabarajastIthI ukhADI nAkhyA hatA ane cAdheno Akho mulaka kabaje karI pitAnA rAjya vistArama meLavI dIdho hato. e rIte ghaNuM rAjyo ane sUbAone adhipati thavAthI teNe mahAkSatrapanuM birUda paNa dhAraNa karyuM hatuM teNe ujajaina-mALavadeza upara paNa caDAI karI tene jItI lIdhuM hatuM. surAddhamAMthI rAjadhAnI uThAvI laI ujajainamAM rAjadhAnI sthApanA karI ane surAddhanA saMcAlana mATe 5hulava jAtinA suvizAkha nAmanA saradArane sUbA tarIke nImyA. * mAratIya . hapatA pR. 862. 1 11-12 sarvekSetrAvitavIrarAjJAnotsarvipecAna... ye ( yaudheya ) paMjAba ke dakSiNa meM bahAvalapura riyAsta ke pAsa sataluja nadI ke kinAre rAjya karate the / Ajakala kI kucha sikkha riyAste aura rAjapUtAne kA UparI bhAga inake adhikAra meM thaa| guptavaMza kA itihAsa pR. 87. + 12-yaudheyAnAM prasahyotsAdakena

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34 mahAkSatrapa rAjA rudradAmA. ujajena atiprAcIna nagara, vaLI dezanA madhya bhAgamAM ane aneka rAjavaMzanI te rAjadhAnI banI cUkeluM hatuM eTale mahAkSatrapa rudradAmAe paNa rAjadhAnI tarIke ujainane ja pasaMda karyuM. vyApAranI draSTie paNa vizeSatAvALuM zahera hatuM, pazcima kAMThAnA baMdaronA meTA bhAganA vyApArI zaheranI vacce hatuM eTale vyApAra upara najara rahI zake, sAthe sAthe te vidyA ane ane saMskRtinA dhAma tarIke paNa prasiddha hatuM, yUrepanA rekhAMza ane sUryamAna jema grInavIcathI mapAya che. tema hiMdanA rekhAMzo ane sUryamAna ujajainathI apAya che. e rIte sarasvatI ne lakSamI bannenI sAdhanAmAM e zahera viziSTa hatuM eTale ujajaina pasaMda Ave e svAbhAvika hatuM. sudarzana taLAvane punarUddhAra--. vaLI surAddha upara tene prema te have ja. te giranAranA sudarzana taLAvane samarAvIne teNe batAvI Apyo. giranAranI taLeTImAM girinagara hAlanuM junAgaDha ke uparakoTa zahera pAse sudarzana nAmanuM taLAva hatuM. te taLAva rUdradAmAthI sADA traNa varSa pahelAM samrATuM caMdragupta mairyanA vakhatamAM, tbaMdhAyu hatuM. rUdradAmAnA vakhatamAM ativRSTinA kAraNe eka vakhata khUba chalakAI gayuM, pANInA mArathI tene baMdha tUTI gaye. pariNAme AkhuM taLAva khAlI thaI jaI, bhayaMkara jaMgala pahADanI khINa-ketara banI gayuM hatuM prajAmAM AthI bhAre asaMtoSa phelAI gayA hatA. rUdradAmAe prajAne saMtuSTa karavAno A ghaNeja agatyane, upayukta prasaMga je. teNe e taLAvane pahelAM hatuM tenA karatAM traNagaNuM lAMbu, paheluM ane suMdara pharI baMdhAvyuM. tenA samArakAmane badho kharca teNe pitAnI khAnagI rakamamAMthI Apyo hato. maMtrIonI *sammati nahI hovA chatAM teNe taLAvane samarAvyuM ane tenA kharca mATe prajA pAsethI eka paiso paNa lIdhe na hatuM, te nimitte prajA upara kaze karavere tema najarANA paNa lIdhAM na hatAM. A badhAnI prajA upara bhAre asara thaI. te vakhate surASTrane sUbe suvizAkha hatA tenI dekharekhamAM taLAvanuM samArakAma thayuM hatuM. teNe te taLAvanI yAdagIrImAM eka prazasti ketarAvI che. atyAre paNa "azoka raka" jemAM azekanI cAda AjJAo kotarAyalI che temAM A prazasti ALekhAyelI che. te rUdradAmAnI prazasti tarIke vikhyAta che. samrA caMdragupta mauryanA vakhatamAM baMdhAyuM hatuM ane azekavardhananA vakhatamAM temAMthI nahero kADhI hatI. * 17mallAkSatrapajI matisavirmasa...manalsadavimalamatimiH * 16-16-gAtrA nirikAyaniyama, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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rAjA rudradAmAne rAjya adhikAra rAjA rudradAmAe jItelA rAje. tenI jUnAgaDhanI prazasti uparathI tenA rAjya vistArane pUro khyAla AvI zake che. teNe pUrvaAkara, pazcimaAkara ane avantinA pradeza jItI lIdhA hatA. anUpadeza athavA mAhitI ke mAdhAtA hAlano nImADa vibhAga teNe kabaje karyo hate. Anarta deza je dvArakAnI AsapAsane mudraka ane murAddha-jUnAgaDhanI AsapAsane mulaka te paNa tenA tAbAmAM hatA. bra-sAbaramatInA kAMThAne muka, marUdezamAravADanI bhUmi, kaccha je kAThIyAvADa ne sidhanI vacce pradeza te paNa tenI sattA nIce hate. sidhu-sAvIra dakSiNa siMdhanI khINavALA pradeza ane kukura-rAjapUtAnAne amuka bhAga paNa teNe jItI lIdhA hatA. aparAnta-uttara kekaNune pradeza, ane niSAda-varADa deza tenA rAjya vistAramAM gaNAtA hatA. codhane bhAvalapuravALe pradeza Akhe teNe jItI lIdhuM hatuM. pazcima vidhyAcaLane mulka ane pulumArInA dakSiNanA pradeze AMdhra vigere paNa tene harAvIne rUdradAmAe paDAvI lIdhA hatA. arthAta kaccha-kAThIyAvADane sidhanA samudra kinArAthI mAMDIne gujarAta, mAravADa, rAjapUtAnA, mALavA ane paMjAbamAM satalaja sudhIne bhAga rUdradAmAnA chatra nIce hate e uparathI ema kahI zakAya ke te eka cakravatI jevo rAjA hato. vaLI te kevaLa rAjA, laDavaiye ke kendro hato eTaluM ja nahIM paNa kuzaLa nItinipuNa hAvA sAthe vidvAn ane zAstrapAraMgata paNa hato. Arya saMskAroe paNa tenA upara sArI chApa pADI hatIpariNAme teNe yuddha sivAya mAnavahatyA na karavI evI pratijJA paNa karI hatI ane jIvaMtaparyata pALI hatI. te zarIre-dekhAve suMdara ne AkarSaka paNa hato ane e zilAlekhathI jaNAya che ke teNe ghaNA svayaMvaramAM rAjakuMvarIonI varamALA dhAraNa karI hatI. rAjA rudradAmAnA uttarAdhikArIo teNe I. sa. 130 thI 150 eTale kula vIsa varasa rAjya karyuM hatuM. tenI rAjyavyavasthAne lIdhe tenI pAchaLa paNa bahu lAMbA samaya sudhI kSatrapa rAjAonA hAthamAM tenI gAdI TakI rahI hatI. rUdradAmA pachI tenI ja gAdI upara uttarAdhikArI tarIke tenA be putro dAmajadazrI ane rUdrasiha thayA. moTe putra gAdIvArasa thayo. te rAjAnuM khAsa varNana maLatuM nathI, paNa tenA sikkAomAM "kSatrapa" ane "mahAkSatrapa" kotareluM maLI Ave che. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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BL mahAkSatrapa rAjA kadAmA. eTale saMbhava che ke pahelAM te rUdradAmAnI nIce koi pradezanA sUbA hAya ane pAchaLathI gAdIe AvatAM mahAkSatrapa kahevAtA hAya. tenA sikkA upara jUduM jUduM lakhANa maLI Ave che te A pramANe che. ( 1 ) rAjJo mahAkSatrapasa rudradAmaputrasa rAjJo kSatrapasa dAmajasadasa (2) rAjJo mahAkSatrapasa rudradAnaputrasa rAjJa kSatrapasa dAmajadazriya ( 3 ) rAjJo mahAkSatrapasa rudradAmnaputrasa rAjJo mahAkSatrapasa dAmajadazriya A dAsajaduzrI 150-181 nI vacamAM gAdIe rahyo hatA ema anumAna thAya che. te pachI gAdI upara keNu Ave te sa MbaMdhI xjhaghaDA ubhA thayeA hateA, tenA pariNAme dAmajadazrInA bhAi rUdrasiMha prathama gAdIe AvyA. tenA mizra dhAtunA sikkAo maLyA che. tenA upara zakasavata kAtarAvelA mAlUmra paDe che. teNe 181-188 sudhI rAjya karyuM che. pachI izvaradatta AbhIra mahAkSatrapa thayA. teNe 188-190 I. sa. sudhI rAjya karyuM. te pachI pharIne rUdrasiMha prathame tenI pAsethI gAdI lIdhI ane 191-196 I. sa. sudhI adhikAra bhAganyA. rUdrasiMha prathama pachI tene bhatrIjo jIvadAmA gAdIe AvyA. te mahAkSatrapa kahevAtA hatA teNe 197 I. sa. sudhI rAja karyuM hatuM. te pachI rUdrasiMhanA putra rUdrasena prathama gAdIe AvyA, te i. sa. 200 thI 222 sudhI ujjainanI gAdI upara rahyo. te pachI rUddhasiMhanA be putrA, rUdrasenanA bhAi saMghadAmA ne dAmasena anukrame gAdIe AvyA ane temaNe eka varSa ane tera varSa kramAnusAra rAjya karyuM". eTale ke, I. sa. 222-223 ane i. sa. 223-236 sudhI. x gAdInA jhadhaDA daramyAna dAmajadazrInA putra satyadAmA gAdI upara beThA hatA, paNa sihu gAdI upara AvIne tene padabhraSTa karyA hatA. te satyadAmAnA nAmanA sikkAo maLyA che tenA upara " zo maddAkSatrapanya nAmagathiya putrasya rAte kSatrapakSya satyavAna " evuM kAtarAyalu' che. + Indian Historioal Quarterly Vol. XIII/2. Political History of India P. 346.

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rAjA rudradAmAno rAjya adhikAra. pRthvIsena, dAmajazrI bIje, ane vIradAmA kSatrapa tarIke rahyA. jyAre yazodAmA prathama, vijayasena, dAmajadazrI trIje, rUkasena bI,vizvasiMha, bhadAmA ane vizvasena e badhA eka pachI eka mahAkSatrapa thayA. te pachI rUdrasiMha bIje, yazadAmA bIje, svAmI rUdradAmA bIje ane svAmI rUdrasena trIjo ane svAmI siMhasena gAdIe AvyA. svAmI siMhasena e rAjA rUdradAmA bIjAne bhANeja thatA hatA. svAmI siMhasena pachI tenA putra svAmI rUdrasena cothe, tene bhAI svAmI satyasiMha, ane svAmI satyasiMhane putra svAmI rUdrasiMha trIje gAdIe AvyA. te badhA mahAkSatrapanI padavI jogavatA hatA. svAmI rUdrasiha trIje e rUdradAmAnI gAdI upara chelle kSatrapa rAjA gaNAya che. vacalA bIjA rAjAonI rAja amalanI pUrI avAMtara vigata maLatI nathI. chellA mahAkSatrapa svAmI rUdrasiMha trIjAnA avasAnanI sAla I. sa. 388 nI gaNAya che. rUdrasiMha trIjA pachI rUdradAmAno rAjya vistAra ne ujajainanI gAdI. caSTanavaMzIya rAjAo pAsethI cAlI gaI. guptavaMzI rAjAoe chInavI lIdhI. rUdrasiMha trIje bahu durAcArI hato ane tenA upara guptavaMzanA skaMdaguptanA pratApI putra caMdragupta caDAI karIne tene kapaTathI mArI nAkhe. alabata tene laDAImAM mArI zakAyuM na hatuM. paraMtu rUdrasiMha bahu viSayAMdha hovAthI te dhruvadevI nAmanI eka suMdarI upara mohita hate. caMdragupta e dhruvadevIne veza paherI rUdrasiMhanA ArAma bhavanamAM jaI chaLa karI rUdrasiMhane mArI nAkhyo ane mALava, tathA surASTranA rAjaye kabaje karI potAnA rAjyamAM meLavI dIdhA. e rIte mahAkSatrapa rudradAmAe atula parAkramathI meLavele rAjya vistAra rUdrasiMhe viSayAMdha banI khoI nAkhyo ane aSTanavaMzIya kSatrapa rAjAone nAza thayA. pharI te rAjAomAMthI keI uThayuM hoya evo ItihAsa nathI. A saMkSipta vigatathI ema samajI zakAya che ke mahAkSatrapa rudradAmAnI gAdI upara teja kuTuMbanA-caSTanavaMzIya kSetranA moTA ke nAnA bhAIone amala-adhikAra rahyo hate. vaLI eka kSatrapa ke mahAkSatrapa pachI tene uttarAdhikArI paNa teja padavI jogavI zakaye che. bIjI eka hakIkata e maLe che ke chellA cAra rAjAo cachanavaMzanI putrInA vaMzanA rAjAo rUdradAmAnI gAdIe AvelA che. A rIte rUdradAmAnA gAdIvArase-uttarAdhikArIe kula 29 thayA che. temAM 23 mahAkSatrapa hatA ane 6 kSatrapo hatA. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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mahAkSatrapa rAjA rudradAmA. kSatrapa e padavI ke kula? mULe kSatrapa ke mahAkSatrapa e padavIja-sUbAgirIja lekhAtI hatI. sUbAne kSatrapa ane sarasUbAne mahAkSatrapa kahetA hatA. paraMtu itihAsathI to ema dekhAya che ke rUdradAmAe keIne sUbo ke sarasU na hatuM. te te svataMtra rAjA, cakravatI jevo hato. kAraNa ke teNe pote bAhubaLathI ja potAnA rAjyane vistAra vadhAryo ne TakAvyuM, chatAM teNe pitAne mahAkSatrapa tarIkeja lekhAvyo che. te pachI tenA uttarAdhikArIo paNa rUdradAmAnA svataMtra rAjya upara adhikAra bhegavI gayA che eTale teo paNa koInAM sUbA ke sarasUbA na hatA chatAM temaNe paNa kSatrapa ke mahAkSatrapa tarIke ja potAne oLakhAvyA che. eTale ke rUdradAmAthI laI karI badhA rAjAoe potAne svataMtra rAjAo hovA chatAM kSatrapa ke mahAkSatrapa tarIke ja oLakhAvyA che. arthAta kSatrapa zabda mAtra eka sUbA tarIke nahI paNa keIeka svataMtra padavI zAkhA athavA kuLa tarIke cAlu karyo lAge che vaLI pAchaLathI teo kSatraparAjA tarIke oLakhAyA che. eTale pAchaLathI kSatrapa e zAkhA ke kuLa vAcaka zabda rUDha banI gayo che. zaka rAjAone dharma A zaka rAjAonA dharma vize, khAsa vizeSa jANavAmAM AvyuM nathI, paraMtu jAnAgaDhamAMthI maLI AvelA eka zilAlekhathI evuM samajAya che ke e zilAlekha jainadhamane hovAno saMbhava che. e lekhamAM ketarAvanAranuM nAma spaSTa rIte vAMcavAmAM AvatuM nathI paNa tenA prapitAmaha cachana tathA pitAmaha jayadAmAno patra ema vaMcAya che, caitra suda 5 nI miti spaSTa vaMcAya che varSa ukelAyu nathI, paraMtu e uparathI te dAmajadazrI athavA rUdrasiMha hovo joIe ema anumAna karavAnuM kAraNa che. te jene havAne ghaNuM saMbhava che. bake tenA pUrva upara paNa jenadharmanI sArI chApa paDI hoya to te svAbhAvika che. kAraNa ke jainAcArya kAlari sAthe te loko bhAratamAM AvyA hatA, teo temanA netA ane agraNI rahyA che, temane ghaNu sahAya karI che ane gardI bhillanI gAdI paNa zakokone temaNe apAvI che evA eka dhuraMdhara AcAryane dhArmika prabhAva paNa A leke upara paDavAnuM sulabha che. - je ke bIjA rAjAonI dhArmika valaNa saMbaMdhI vadhu jANavAmAM AvatuM nathI. paNa dAmajadazrInA ke rUdrasiMhanA A zilAlekhe kaMIka dizA batAvI che. te zilAlekha "Antiquities of * zilAlekhanI mULa nakala A pramANe che. 1 ...rUM ...kSetrapa.... 2 [ svAmi ] vaDhanaca x[ Gau ]trastra tA: kSatraya vanayavamatra to mahAla ,

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Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat agyanbhandar.com * He 43) #j!! CJ[ZJ]JF; che caSTanava'zIya jayadAmAnA pAtra rAjA rUdrasiha athavA dAmajadazrInA dharmane oLakhAvatA zilAlekha,

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Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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rAjA rUdradAmAnA rAjya adhikAra. Kathiawad and Kachh,' bhAvanagaranA mahArAjA taraphathI prakAzita thayela 'Collection of Sanskrit Prakrit Inscriptions' dal Historical Inscriptions of Gujarat' Part 1 mAM prakAzita thayelA che. uparanA banne pustakAmAM te mULa zilAnA pheTU paNa ApavAmAM AvelA che. tenA ghaNA bhAga khAvAi gayelA che. paraMtu temAM je lakhANu aziSTa khAkI raheluM maLe che, temAMnA keTalAka zabdo jainA sAthe vadhAre saMbadha rAkhe che. xvajijJAnasAsAnAM ane khritajJAmaLAnAM e zabde jaineAmAMja pracAra pAmelA che eTaluMja nahIM temanAMja dharmanA pAribhASika zabdo che. devajJAnasaMprApta ke nitanAmaLa e tIrthaMkarA, siddhabhagavAna ke kevaLIone ja jainAmAM lAgu paDe che. eTale ema mAnavAne kAraNa maLe che ke A zilAlekha jainadharma sAthe saMbaMdha rAkhe che. 39 sabhava che ke A rUdradAmAnA putra dAmajadazrIe giranAra parvata upara *zrIneminAtha bhagavAnanAM maMdira saMbadhI kAMi mAMdha kAma ke samArakAma karAvyuM hAya ane tenI yAdagIra mATe A zilAlekha kAtarAvyA hAya. e rIte ema paNa mAnavAne kAraNa maLe che ke, AcArya kAlakasUri sAthe zakaleka AvyA tyArathIja te rAjAomAM e dharma nA prabhAva rahI gayA haiAya ane te dAmaja6zrI athavA rUdrasiMha sudhI cAlyeA Avele heAya. kSatraparAjAee AcArya kAlakasUrinA prabhAvathI jainadharma +apanAnyeA heAya. kAraNa ke prAcIna sAhityathI temanA prabhAva ghaNA hatA ema jaNAya che. rU [2] tra zukrapakSaNya vivase vakrame h[ ]rphe pirinavare levApuranA yakSarAkSasendri..... 4 ...prazna (?) mitra 1...vajijJAnasaMprAptAnAM nitaJarAmaraLAnaM ()...... Antiquities of Kathiawad and Kachh, P. 140 1 ...taiyA muLa,..kSatrapa... 2 ( svAmI ) nanaca tra (au) traNa rAjJa: kSatrapaca svAminayarAmapautrasya rAjJo mAsa... rU ( caitra ) ANkSaNya vivale vakrame ( 1 ) da zirinAre revAsuranAyakSarAkSasendri.. 4 x ( ? ) mitra pama...ovajijJAnasaMprAptAnAM nitanAmA ( ? ) n Collection of Sanskrit Prakrit Inscriptions. P. 17 x vajijJAnasaMprAptAnAM zabda zilAlekhamAM azuddha ALakhAyelA che. bhASAnI dRSTie vajJAnamaMtrajJAnAM e pramANe zabda hovA joie. * giranAra parvata jainenuM tIrtha sthAna che, ane zrIneminAtha trevIzamA tIrthaMkaranA traNa kalyANakA dIkSA kalyANaka, kevaLajJAna yANuka ne nirvANa kalyANaka tyAM thayAM che. + maulikyazAkhinRpatirapare tasya sevakAH / iti vyavasthayA taMtra rAjyamanvaziSan zakAH // 60 // te zrImatkAlakAcAryaparyupAsanatatparAH / ciraM rAjyAni bubhujurjinadharmaprabhAvakAH // 61 // nANAye (vinayevIya ) thA | chu. 2002

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mahAkSatrapa rAjA rudradAmA. Dr. James Burgess nuM paNa mArA anumAnane lagatuM ja evuM maMtavya che ke Kevaling" e moTe bhAge jene mAMja bahu pracAra pAmela zabda che ane tethI zilAlekhathI evuM jaNAya che ke te jene zilAlekha hovo joIe. ? temaNe te ema paNa anumAna deryuM che ke A guphAo ja jene mATe bIjI sadInA aMtamAM saiArASTranA zAha (zaka) rAjAoe katarAvI hoya, jene te bheTa ApI hoya ane pAchaLathI bAe potAnA upayoga mATe paDAvI lIdhI hoya, athavA te A zilAlekha bIjI guphAone hoya ane te guphAo bIlakula naSTa thaI javAthI te zilAlekhane ahIM upADI lAvyA hoya. mArUM anumAna ema che ke te rAjAe bhagavAna zrI neminAtha ke temanA maMdira saMbaMdhI kazu bAMdhakAma karAvyuM hoya ane tenI yAdImAM A zilAlekha kotarAvyo hoya. gurornidezAd iti taiH prahRSTaiH bhUpaiH prayANaM jhaTiti pradattam / sarve'pi bhUpAH sugurozca sevAM kurvanti baddhAJjalayo vinItAH // 30 // _Broom. P. 100 ......varSA vyatirAne sUri mAtAtataH | 40 | haho / nirudyamA yUyaM kimu tiSThatha saMprati / avantidezaM gRhaNIdhvaM paryAptaM tatra bhAvi vaH // 41 // athANA munakya rAvacoddhAturliMzam......... 47 che. ___ kAlakAcArya kathA. paM. 91 * " ... The most interesting point about it is the word FREITA I "of those who have obtained the knowledge of Kevalins." Kevalin occurs most frequently in the Jain sculptures, and denotes 'a person who is possessed of the Keval-jnana' or true knowledge which produces final emancipation.' It would, therefore, seem that the inscription is Jain." From this it would appear that these caves were probably excavated for the Jainas by the Saha Kings of Saurastra about the end the second century of the Christian era. They may, however, be much older, and the inscription may merely commemorate their being devoted to the Jainas, by the Saha king, possibly after they had ceased to be used by the Buddhas: or, the inscription may have been brought from some other caves now entirely destroyed. Antiquities of Kathiawad and Kachh. P. 141 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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rAjA rUdradAmAne rAjya adhikAra. 1 game tema paNa A zilAlekha jeneno che e to ni:zaMka vAta che. pro. repsana+ paNa te vAtane anumodana Ape che. ane te, te vakhatanA rAjA upara tenI asara hatI e pratipAdana kare che. pro. repsanano evo mata che ke teo jainadharma pALatA hatA. temaNe potAnA pustakamAM lakhyuM che ke "mALavAnA kSatrapa jene vikramAditye harAvyA te jainadharmanuM pAlanakaratA hatA." teNe e spaSTa karyuM che ke mathurA ke takSazilAnA kSatrapa ddhadharma pALatA hatA, jyAre mALavAnA kSatra jenadharmAnuyAyI hatA. eTale zakaleko bhAratamAM jyArathI AvyA tyArathIja jenadharmanI asara taLe hatA ane te dAmajadazrI athavA rUdrasiMha sudhI tenI asara kAyama rahI che. te pachInA rAjAo upara jaina dharmanA saMskAra rahyA hatA ke kema te ItihAsathI maLI zakayuM nathI, paraMtu saMbhava che ke keTalIka peDhI sudhI tenI asara rahI hoya. rUdradAmAnA sikkAo kSatrapa rAjAoe potAnA svataMtra sikakAo paDAvyA hatA e kahevA jevI vAta nathI. rUdradAmAnA dAdA paradAdAnA vakhatathI kSatrapa rAjAonA sikkAo cAlu hatA. temAM temaNe pasaMda karelI nizAnIo, cinha ane nAme paNa ghaNI jAtanA maLI Ave che. rUdradAmAnA paNa sikakAo cAMdInA ane tAMbAnA maLI Ave che. sonAnA sikakAe hajI maLyA nathI. kadAca kSatrapa rAjAoe sonAnA sikkAo paDAvyA nahIM hoya. ItihAsamAM tenuM varNana Ave ja che, paraMtu prAcIna baiddhamAM paNa tenA sikkAonuM khuba varNana karAyeluM che. tenA upara sAripurathara ane buddoSa vigeree khUba vicAra karyA che. te graMthomAM rUdradAmaka, rUdradAmakAdi, rUdradAmakAdIni, rUdradAmakAdInAM vigere zabdo Ave che. sArasthadIpanImAM rUdradAmakanI vyAkhyA karavAmAM AvI che ke hAmeLa utpavitA arthAt "rUdradAmA e paDAvelA." Manufactured by Rudradama. rUdradAmaka e rUdradAmakAdi, rUdrakAmakAdInAM vigere zabdonuM prAthamika rUpa athavA e zabdone pUrva bhAga che. vaLI rUdradAmA e zakarAjA sivAya bIjAnuM nAma Aja sudhI ItihAsamAM maLyuM nathI ane tethI e sikakAo rUdradAmAnA che ema nizcita thAya che. rUdradAmakane bIjo artha evo paNa karyo che ke rUdradAmAnA sikkA jevA namUnAnA bIjA sikkA tenA pachInA rAjAoe paDAvyA hoya to tene paNa rUdradAmakAdi kahI zakAya. paraMtu tenI carcA ahIM aprAsaMgika thaI javAthI te laMbANa nahIM karatAM kevaLa rUdradAmAnA sikakAo saMbaMdhI ja ahIM thoDI carcA karI che. + Indian coins in British Museum P. Lxi. x "...The Sakas, who in Malwa were patrons of the Jain religion..." " Ancient India". P. 143. * Buddhistic studies P. 389.

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mahAkSatrapa rAjA rudradAmA. rUdradAmAnA cAMdInA sikkA " sTAnDarDa manI" tarIke prakhyAta hatA ane te rudradAmAnA rAjyakALanI pahelA cAlatA cAMdInA sikakAo sAthe ghaNe aMze maLatA hatA je mALavA, kAThIyAvADa, kaccha, gujarAta, uttarI kekaNa, nAsika, pUnA jIllAmAM pracalita hatA, jenA upara rUdradAmAe pAcaLathI rAjya karyuM che. ethI ema siddha thAya che ke-- rUdradAmA pitAnA tAMbAnA sikkA karatAM cAMdInA sikkA( je calaNI sikakA Standard money tarIke cAlatA te)thI vadhAre jANItA thaye hate. jatenAM tAMbAnA ane cAMdInA sikkAo ghaNI rIte judA paDe che. (1) eka te tenA dhoraNamAM pheraphAra hatA. (2) tenA AkAre paNa judA hatA, cAMdInA sikkAo goLa hatA jyAre tAMbAnA sikkA judA AkAranA hatA-cokhuNIyA hatA. (3) tenI paddhati ane type mAM paNa phera hatuM. - cAMdInA sikkAomAM eka tarapha " rAjAnuM mastaka ' ketarAyeluM rahe che, tenI bIjI bAjUe " traNa zikharavALA citya upara bIjanI caMdrAkRti" "kiraNavALe sUrya " caMdrakRti " "caityanI nIce sarpAkAra lAIne, ' vigere vigere kotarAyelAM hoya che. tenAM tAMbAnA sikkAmAM eka tarapha eka prANInuM citra athavA "DAbI bAjue ubhela hAthI" athavA "sikkAnI DAbI bAjue thAMbhalAnI sanmukha ubhele gheDa" ke " khetara tarapha joIne ubhe rahelo khuMdhavALo baLada " rahe che. tenI bIjI bAjUe " traNa lAIne upara ardhacaMdrAkRti sahita caitya ', "sakiraNa sUrya, " "ardhacaMdrAkRti," ane "cayanI nIce vaLAMka vALI lAIna " vigere rahe che. * te banne prakAranA sikakAmAM TapakAvALI berDa-kinArI paNa khAsa dhyAna kheMcanArI che. tAMbAnA sikakAmAM kaImAM te kinArI uparanI bAjumAM hoya che. keImAM te nIcenI bAjumAM hoya che. jyAre cAMdInA sikakAomAM te TapakAvALI kinArI nIcenI bAjumAMja mAlUma paDe che. te banne prakAranA sikakAomAM pAchalI bAjUmAM "caMtya'nuM cihna te sAmAnyapaNeja raheluM che. | tenA sikkAomAM je akSare ne nAme ketarAyelA che te paNa judI judI rIte kotarAyelA che, te A pramANe - (1) rAjJo kSatrapasa jayadAmaputrasa rAjJo mahAkSatrapasa rudradAmasa / (2) rAjJo kSatrapasa jayadAmasa putrasa rAjJo mahAkSatrapasa rudradAmasa / te banne prakAranA sikakAomAM "mahAkSatrapa rUdradAmA te lakheluM maLI Ave cheja. .* Buddhistic studies P. 390. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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vaMzAvaLI. 43 cachanavaMzIya kSetranI vaMzAvaLI jhAmetika 1 caTTana 80-110 I. sa. jayadAmAM 2 rUdradAmAM 130-150. putrI--vAziSThIputra sAtakarNi 3 dAmajadazrI pahelo 4 rUdrasiMha pahele 150-180 181-188 191-196 satyadAmAM 5 jIvadAmAM 197. | 6 rUdrasena pahele 200-222. 7 saMghadAmA rarara-23. 8 dAmasena rara3-236. pRthvIna dAmajadazrI bIje vIradAmA 9 yazadAmAM 238-239 10 vijayasena 239-250 11 dAmajadazrI trIje 251-255 12 rUdrasena bIje 255-ra77. 13 vizvasiha 278. 14 bhartIdAmA ra82-25. 15 vizvasena ralpa-304, svAmI jIvadAmA 16 rUddhasiMha bIje 304-316. 17 yazodAmA bIje 316-332. 18 svAmI rUdradAmA bIje 345-347. putrI 19 svAmI rUddhasena trIje 348-351. 20 svAmI siMhasena 360-379 21 svAmI rUdrasena ethe 382. 22 svAmI satyasiMha 23 svAmI rUdrasiMha trIje 388. noTa-mahAkSatrapa dAmajadazrI prathama ane rUdrasiMha prathamanA rAjyakALanI vacamAM Izvarasena mAlI mahAkSatrapanI gAdI upara AvI gayo hate. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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sudarzana taLAva. sudarzana taLAvanuM sthAna-mApa-- sudarzana taLAva kaNe baMdhAvyuM, kANe samarAvyuM ke punarUddhAra karyo ane tenA zilAlekha vigere saMbaMdhI pAchalA prakaraNAmAM khUba vistArathI varNana karyuM che. te sAthe sAthe sudarzana taLAvanI paNa gheADI ghaNI mAhiti ApavI Avazyaka che. alakhatta tenI pUrI mAhiti maLI zake tevA pramANe| atyAre nathI, itihAsamAM te maLI zakatAM nathI; avvalamAM teA sudarzana taLAva hatu` kenahIM enIja mAhiti ogaNIsamI sadI sudhI te na hatI; paraMtu jyAre rUdradAmAnA zilAlekha vaMcAyA tyAre sudana taLAvanI hastIneA leAkAne khyAla AvyA. zilAlekhamAM tenA sthAna ke mApa saMbadhI kazeA isArA karyA nathI. eTale te taLAva kyA sthAnamAM hatu athavA hAvu joie ane te keTalu lAMbU paheALu hatu te saMbadhI itihAsakArAne kevaLa e zilAlekha ke zilAthI anumAna mAMdhIneja satASa mAnaveA paDe che. e uparathIja tenA vistAra sa`kha'dhI ke tenA sthAna saMbadhI jeTalA aMzamAM thai zake teTalA aMzamAM vicAra karavA jarUrI che. sudarzana taLAva saMbaMdhI e zilAlekhA maujUda che. eka mahAkSatrapa rAjA rUdradAmAne ane bIjo skaMdaguptane te banne zilAlekhe azAkanI AjJAvALI zilA upara ke|tarAyalA che. te anne zilAlekhAmAM tenuM nizcita mApa ke nizcita sthAna sakhazrI nirdeza nathI.

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sudarzana taLAva. 5 te zilAlekhathI tenA sthAna saMbaMdhI anumAna karavAne eTaluM pramANa maLI Ave che ke te taLAva e zilAnI AsapAsa hovuM joIe. e zilA taLAvanI maryAdAmAM ke taLAvanI AsapAsa hevAne ghaNe saMbhava che; jema gharane lekha ke maMdirane lekha maMdiranI maryAdAmAM hoya, dukAnanuM borDa jema dukAna upara hoya tema A taLAvano zilAlekha paNa taLAvanI AsapAsa ja hovo joIe. te sAthe sAthe zilAlekhamAM nadIonA nAmo Ave che. te nadIo A taLAvamAM maLe che e tene vani che. vaLI baMdha hamezAM nadIone vaheNune rokIneja baMdhAyelA hoya che. temAM suvarNasiktA ane paLAzinInA nAma Ave che ane tenA pANI taLAvamAM maLe che e hakIkata che. te nadIonAM vaheNu kaI tarapha hatAM te vicAravAnuM rahe che. - have e taLAvanI dizA nakakI karavAne mATe prathama giranAra, te zilA ane junAgaDhanI dizA nakakI karavI rahI. giranAra e pUrva dizAmAM che. jAnAgaDha pazcima dizAmAM che ane te zilA lakSmaNa TekarInI nIcenA bhAgamAM eTale dakSiNa dizAmAM che, kAraNa ke lakSmaNa TekarI dakSiNa dizAmAM che. uttara dizAmAM pUrva tarapha jogaNI TekarI che ane uttarapazcimano bhAga lagabhaga khAlI jevo che. giranAramAMthI nikaLelI nadI dakSiNamAM vahI zake nahIM kAraNa ke tyAM TekarIo che. vaLI atyAre dAmodara kuMDavALI nadInuM vaheNa uttara pazcimamAM che ane te khINamAM thaIne vahyuM jAya che. eTale te suvarNasiktA ane palAzinI nadIonAM vaheNa uttara pazcimamAM jUnAgaDha zaheranA khUNAnA bhAge thaIne vahetA hovA joIe ane tyAMja e nadIonAM vaheNa aTakAvavA baMdha bAMdhelo hovo joIe. atyAre paNa dAmodara kuMDa hAlanI narekha nadInA vaheNamAMja bAMdhelo che ane tenuM vaheNa lakSmaNa TekarI ane jogaNI TekarIne joDanArA pula nIce thaIne uttara pazcimamAM vahe che ane te AgaLa jaIne azokazilAnI sAme thaI giranAradaravAjA pAse triveNI saMgama meLavI uparakoTanI pAchaLa thatI thatI majhevaDI daravAjA ane sAkarabAganI vacamAM thaIne nadInA rUpamAM vahI jAya che. eTale ke azoka zilAnI sAmI bAjue uttara pazcimamAM arthAta dakSiNanI lakSmaNaTekarI ane tenI sAme uttaramAM jogaNI TekarInI vacamAM baMdha hovo joIe. sudarzana taLAvanuM sthAna zilAlekhavALI zilAnI sAmenA bhAgamAM uttara pazcimamAM nizcita karI zakAya. vaLI te taLAva jAnAgaDha zaherathI bahu dUra paNa na hovuM joIe. kAraNa ke zaherathI bahu dUra na hoya to zaherIe teno lAbha laI zake ane A zilA zaherathI lagabhaga mAIla piNe mAIla che. ethI paNa ema anumAna karavAne kAraNe maLe che ke te taLAva jUnAgaDha zahera ane prazastinI zilAnA sthAnanI vacalI jagAmAM hovuM joIe.

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mahAkSatrapa rAjA rUdradAmA. A badhA vicAra karyA pachI ema nizcita anumAna upara AvI zakAya che ke uparakeTane pAchale bhAga ane A zilA vacce te taLAvanuM sthAna hatuM. tenA mApa saMbaMdhIte keTaluM lAMbu, pahoLu ne vistAravALuM hatuM tenI mAhiti paNa nizcitarUpe zilAlekhamAM nathI. chatAM skandaguptanA zilAlekhamAM eka mApa AvyuM che paraMtu te pUrA baMdhanuM nahIM paNa teNe taLAvanA baMdhamAM paDeluM gAbaDuja mAtra pUrAvyuM hoya ema te mApanAM AMkaDAothI jaNAya che. kAraNa ke rUdradAmAnA vakhatamAM paDelA gAbaDAnA hisAbe so hAtha e lAMbu na kahevAya kAraNa ke rUdradAmAnA vakhatamAM 420 hAtha lAMbu pahoLuM gAbaDu paDayuM hatuM, eTale caMdraguptanA vakhatamAM ja 420 hAtha karatAM taLAva ghaNuM meTuM hatuM. vaLI rUdradAmAe te caMdraguptanA taLAva karatAM traNagaNuM moTuM taLAva baMdhAvyuM hatuMtaLAvane baMdha baMdhAvyo hato. eTale ke rUdradAmAnA vakhatanA taLAvanI laMbAI pahoLAInA hisAbe 100x68 hAtha e tene saMpUrNa vistAra hoI zake ja nahIM. eTale tenI saMpUrNa laMbAI pahoLAI keTalI hatI te kahevuM atyAre muzkela che. mArUM anumAna ema che ke te taLAva uparakoTanI dIvAlanI aDoaDa hovuM joIe. kAraNa ke ghaNu kikalAonI AsapAsa khAIo hoya che ane tenI pAchaLa nadI ke taLAva hoya che jethI kikalAnuM saMpUrNapaNe rakSaNa thaI zake. vaLI uparakoTa killAnA pAchalA bhAgamAM khUba UMDI khINa jevuM paNa che. eTale te taLAva zilAthI te upara keTanA klilA sudhI hoya te te saMbhavita che. mI. aradezare sudarzana taLAvane je cArTa taiyAra karelo che ane je atyAre jUnAgaDhanA sakkara bAganA myujhIyamamAM TAMge che temAM paNa taLAvanuM sthAna uparakoTa kilAnI barAbara hovAnuM batAvela che. alabata atyAre te kilA pAchaLa saDaka baMdhAyelI che ane nadInA vaheNa sivAya sudarzana taLAvanI kazI paristhiti dekhAtI nathI. samayanI e balihArI che. mI. aradezarajI tathA mI. keMDariMgaTanae amuka mApa kADheluM che te A pramANe che. caMdraguptanA vakhatamAM taLAvanI maryAdA dakSiNa kinAro-savarAmaMDapa ane lakSmaNa TekarI 236 vAra. 1 - pada * AyAmato hastazataM sama vistArataH SaSTirathApi cASTau / vadhatocapuruMarLa sa (?) a (1) [ ......da ] taratathI (II) vavava cahnot arthAta ekaso hAtha lAMbo, 68 paheLo, ane sAta purUSa jeTale uMce baMdha baMdhAvyuM che. The Asokan Rock at Girnara P. 39, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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sudarzana taLAva. uttara kinAre-triveNI ne jogaNahila-TekarI. pUrva kinAre-jogaNa TekarI. pazcima kinAra-uparakeTanI sidhANamAM savarAmaMDapathI triveNuM 1100 vAra. rUdradAmAnA vakhatamAM taLAvanI maryAdA- dakSiNa kinAro -upara pramANe. pUrva kinAre-upara pramANe, uttara kinAre-vizarAmagunethI gaNuTekarInI uttaramAM vadhAre lAMbe. pazcima kinAre--uparakeTanI sidhANamAM vizarAmagune sudhI. sAthe sAthe te taLAvanA vistAra saMbaMdhI temanuM kahevuM che ke caMdraguptanA vakhatamAM 140 ekara ane rUdradAmAnA vakhatamAM 278 ekaranA vistAravALuM te taLAva hatuM. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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zilAlekha ane anuvAde. zilAlekhanI sAmAnya mAhitI-- kAThIyAvADamAM jeneAnA pavitra mahAtIrtha giranAra parvatanI pazcimamAM ane amarakATa- uparakoTa ke jAnAgaDhanI pUrva dizAmAM eTale ke-jUnAgaDha zahera ane giranAra parvatanI vacamAM, dAmeAdara kuMDanI A tarapha, zaherathI giranAra parvata jatAM rastA upara jamaNI bAjUe zaherathI ekAda mAilane atare lakSmaNa TekarInI nIce eka nAnu chAparI jevu pattharabaMdhI makAna Ave che jemAM mA samrAT azokanA khaDaka zilAlekha che. temAM azoka samrATnA 14 zAsanA kAtarAvelA che. te sAthe sAthe eja khaDaka upara khIjA e zilAlekhA che. eka mahAkSatrapa rUdradAmAne ane bIjo skaMdaguptanA che. rUdradAmAnA A zilAlekha sAthI pahelAM 1838 mAM mI. jemsa prinsape prakAzita karyAM hatA. ane te pachI DA. je. vIsana, prA. lAsena, preA. baauMsa, DA. bhagavAnalAla iMdrajI, DA. bhAudAjI vigeree tenAM upara ghaNAM saMzAdhanA karyo che. mahAkSatrapa rUdradAmAnA rAjya amalamAM zaka sa. 72nA mAgazara vadi 1 pratipadAe muzaLadhAra varasAda varasyA ane puSkaLa pANI bharAi javAthI pANInA dhakkAne lIdhe taLAvanA aMdhamAM 420 hAtha lAMbu, 420 hAtha paheALuM ane 75 hAtha uDu gAmaDu paDI javAthI

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zilAlekha ane anuvAdo. taLAva Akhu phuTI gayuM ane temAMnu badhu pANI te gAbaDA vATe bahAra cAlyuM gayu. chevaTe te taLAva bhayaMkara jaMgala jevuM dekhAvamAM durdarzana thaI gayuM. A vakhate AkhA Anarta ane surAkAnta upara samrA rUdradAmA taraphathI pahulava jAtinA kulepanA putra suvizAkha sUbA tarIke amala calAvato hato teNe mahAkSatrapa rUdradAmAnI AjJAthI taLAvane majabUta pALA baMdhAvyA, nALAo mUkAvyA, temAMthI nahero kADhI, taLAvane pharatA ghATo karyA, ane pahelAM hatuM tenA karatAM traNagaNuM vizALa sudarzana sarovara baMdhAvI tene punarUddhAra karAvyA. - sudarzana taLAvanA e leka kalyANanA kAryanI amara yAdamAM sUbA suvizAe A zilAlekha katarA che. A zilAlekhamAM mahAkSatrapa rudradAmAe pitAnI pUrve thaI gayelA mArya samrATuM caMdragupta ane tenA prAMtIya sUbA vaizya puSyagupta tathA maryasamrATa azoka ane tenA yavana sUbA tuSArU jemaNe A sudarzana taLAva anukrame baMdhAvyuM hatuM ane temAMthI blero baMdhAvI suzobhita karyuM hatuM arthAt anukrame nirmANa karatA, ane nahera baMdhAvanAranA nAma pitAnA zilAlekhamAM ketarAvI pitAnA hRdayanI vizALatA batAvI che. khaDakanuM mApa, te khaDaka grenAITanA kharabacaDA pattharane che. tenuM circumference gherA 75 phiTathI paNa vadhAre che. te polAzaMkunA AkArano che ane jamInanI sapATIthI lagabhaga bAra phITa uMcI che. khaDaka uparanA lekhe. tenI upara kerAyelA kula traNa zilAlekho che, te traNe khaDakanA judA judA bhAgamAM ketarAyelA che temAM- (1) azokanA ceda zAsanavALo zilAlekha khaDakanI uttara pUrva dizA-IzAna ' khUNAmAM ketarAyale che. (2) mahAkSatrapa rudradAmAne zilAlekha khaDakanI uttara dizAmAM pazcima tarapha che. (3) skaMdaguptane zilAlekha nIcenA bhAgamAM daravAjAmAM pesatAM sAmeja najare paDe che. khaDakanI dizA. te A khaDaka evI rIte paDe che ke temAM kotarAyela samrA azokane zilAlekha giranAra parvatanI sanmukha Ave che eTale ke pUrva dizAmAM che. ane mahAkSatrapa

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mahAkSatrapa rAjA rUdradAmA. rUfadAmAnA zilAlekha pazcimamAM arthAt jAnAgaDha zaheranA vAghezvarI daravAjA taraph- uparakATa tarapha che. ane te dakSiNa taraphathI vAMcI zakAya che. e zilAlekha ( rUdradAmAnA ) khIjI zatAbdimAM kAtarAyAnuM maMtavya che. tenI sAla i. sa. 150 manAya che. * 50 A kudAmAnA zilAlekhamAM khaDakanI 11 prITa 5 iMca jagyA paheALAimAM ane 5 TrITa, 5 IMcanI jagyA uMcAimAM reAkAyalI che. zilAlekhamAM nAnI mATI maLIne 20 ( vIsa ) paktie che. alabatta te perigrAphanA rUpamAM nathI paNa tenA saMbaMdha judI judI paktiomAM avicchinnapaNe che. tenI kAtaraNI sAdI che. tenA akSarAnI uMcAi sarerAza chu iMca jeTalI che. eTale ke akSarA ? iMca jeTalA mApanA che. bhASA-zaili ne lipi. lekhanI bhASA saMskRta che. tenI zaili lalita, ejArI suMdara gadyamaya che. lipi dakSiNanI jUnI lipinA mULAkSarAne maLatI che eTale ke majakUra khaDaka upara skaMdaguptanA lekhanI lipi che tene maLatIja che. lekha kula vIsa paMktinA che; paNa temAM chevaTanA bhAganI 4 paMktie ( 17-20 ) ja surakSita ane spaSTa vAMcI zakAya tevI che. bAkInI 1-16 paMktio evI che ke jenI koi ne koi paMktimAM kaMI na kaMi bhAga ghasAi javA pAmyA che. temAM kAMika IrAdApUrvaka, ajJAnatAthI ke mUrkhatAthI nukazAna karavAmAM AvyuM che ane kaMika lAMkheAkALa tenA upara pasAra thaI javAthI TADha taDakA ne varasAdanA kudaratI ghasArAthI khaDakanI sapATI ghasAI javAthI te bhAga uparanA akSarA ke zabdA ukelI zakAtA nathI. e vIsa lAInanA zilAlekhamAM kula ToTala 1900 ( egaNIsaseA ) skavera iMca jagyA rAmAyalI che. temAM vacce vacce akSarA uDI gayA haiAya tevI jagyA--missing portion275 ( khaseA paMcatera ) iMcanI khAlI che. arthAt AkhA zilAlekhanI jagyAnA 1/7 hissA cAlyeA gayele che, uDI gayele che, ukhaDI gayelA che. bAkInA bhAga jyAM khaDakanI sapATI ekasarakhI che tyAM spaSTa vAMcI zakAya che. e zilAlekhanu AkhuM lakhANa eka sarakhI lAineAmAM nahIM paNa lAMkhI TukI lAInAmAM lakhAyelu che. temAM keTalIka paMktinI lakhAi, TukAI khAsa dhyAna kheMce evI che. jemake

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. "" zilAlekhanI prathama lAina "" "9 "" zilAlekha ane anuvAdA 5 DrITa 3 navamI lAina 11 1 11 mI lAina 9 8. 17 lAIna pa 2 20 lAina 2 99 "" ,, "" "" "" 5 IMca lAMkhI che. lAMkhI che. 97 A AkhA zilAlekha mahAkSatrapa rUdradAmAnI prazasti rUpe che ane khAsa karIne te sudarzana taLAvanA bAMdhakAmane lagatA che. te mahAkSatrapa rUdradAmAnA Anata ne surASTra prAMtanA sumA-Governer paEva jAtinA kulaipanA putra suvizAkhe kotarAvelA che. tenI paktivAra hakIkata mA pramANe che---- paMkti 1-3--taLAvanI tatkAlIna uttama sthitinu varNana che. "" Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat "" 29 99 , 3-4--mahAkSatrapa rAjA rUdradAmA tenA pitA kSatrapa jayadAmA ane tenA pratiA mahAkSatrapa caTTananA nAmeA tathA te taLAva tUTyAnI sAla (70+ra) che. alakhata jayadAmAnuM nAma temAM uDI gayuM che. 4-8--rUdradAmAnA samayamAM zaka sa. 72 nA mAgazara vada 1 me ativRSTinA teAphAnathI taLAvamAM moDhuM 420x420475 hAthanuM gAbaDuM paDyuM, taLAvamAMthI pANI badhuM nIkaLI gayu. ne taLAva kharAma dekhAvavALuM thai gayAnuM varNana che. 8-9--mArya samrATa caMdraguptanA gavarnara vaizya puSpaguptanA vakhatamAM te taLAva prathamavAra baMdhAvyAnI tathA samrAT azAkanA prAMtIya sUkhA tuSAphe tene nALIe-herA vigerethI sutheAbhita karyAnu vaNaeNna che. paMkti 9-15--rAjA rUdradAmAnA kAryonuM, svabhAvanu, parAkrama, jItelA pradezo, caiAdhecA para vijaya, sAtakaNane be vakhata harAvyAnu, vidyAvyAsaMga, zarIrabaMdhAraNa, rAjakuMvarIonA svayaMvarAmAM varamALA ane svApArjita 66 mahAkSatrapa " birUda dhAraNa karyAnuM varNana che. paMkti- 16 --te taLAvane pharI traNagaNu vistRta adhAvyuM ane tene vizeSa prakAre AAbhitu karyAMnu varNana che. x vaizya e ' varAhamihira ' nA mate pazcima bhAratamAM vasanArI eka jAti hatI. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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mahAkSatrapa rAja rUdradAmAM. paM, 17-18-taLAva baMdhAvyA pahelAM pradhAnanI taLAva baMdhAvavA bAbatamAM asammati hovAthI prajAmAM prakaTelI nirAzA ne hAhAkAra macI javAno ullekha che. paMkti 19-10-mahAkSatrapa rudradAmAnA prAMtIya gavarnara pahalavajAtinA kalepanA putra suvizAkhanI dekharekhamAM e kAma thayAnuM varNana che. e zilAlekhamAMnI je paMktiomAM kSatraparAjAonA nAma Ave che te nIce pramANe che :: 3 mahAkSatrapa zabda ketarAyale che. svAmiSTanA pautra racAttA ] putra rANo mAtrapa4..... sAnA ketarAyeluM che. mAtra birUda dhAraNa karyAno ane mAtra surAnA mahAkSatrapa rUdradAmAe taLAva baMdhAvyAne ulekha che. - paM. 17 mahAkSatrapa zabda paDyo che. paM. 19, rUdradAmAnA sUbA suvizAkhanuM nAma che. ; khAsa karIne A AkhAya zilAlekhamAM sudarzana taLAvanI banAvaTa ne punarUddhAranI hakIkata varNavI che. A zilAlekha bhAratavarSanA prasiddha prAcIna zilAlekhomAM zuddha saMskRtamAM lakhAyela A sauthI prAcIna moTo zilAlekha che. A pahelAnA jhazilAlekho badhA prAkRta bhASAmAM ke saMsakRtamizra prAkRta bhASAmAM lakhAyelA che. * eka saMskRta lekha mathurAmAM yajJayUpa upara maLelo che paNa te AnI apekSAe bahu ja nAno che. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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zilAlekha ane anuvAda. mUla saMskRtazilAlekha / 1. siddhaM [II*] idaM taDAkaM sudarzanaM gir [i] nagarAdap [i] * d [U ? ]rama[ n ? ]t [a]........ [ tt ]ikopalavistArAyAmocchrayaniHsaMdhibaddhadRDha sarvvapALIkatvAt parvvatapA - 2. dappratisparddhi-suzliS [T] a [ba] [ndha ? ] m..... . [va] jAtenAkRtrimeNa setubandhenopapannaM supprativihitapraNALIparI[va] Aha 3. mIDhavidhAnaM ca triskan [ dha ? ].. .....nAdibhiranugrahairmahatyupacaye varttate [* ] tadidaM rAjJo mahAkSatrapasya sugRhI .......................................................... 4. tanAnnaH svAmi- caSTanasya pautra... ............... : putrasya rAjJo mahAkSatrapasya gurubhirabhyastanAmno rudradAmno varSe dvisaptatitam [e] 70 [+] 2 5. mArgazIrSa - bahula - prat[i] ............................................................... pa3 ** : sRSTavRSTinA parjanyena ekArNavabhUtAyAmiva pRthivyAM kRtAyAM girerurjayataH suvarNasikatA 6. palAzinIprabhRtInAM nadInAM atimAtrodvattairvvegaiH setum [ a ? ] ......[ ya ] mANAnurUpapratIkAramapi girizikharatarutaTa |[TTAlakopatalpadvArazaraNocchrayavidhvaMsinA yuganidhanasaha Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat ............. ww ---------------.. 7. za-paramaghoravo (ve)gena vAyunA pramathitasalilavikSiptajarjarIkRtAva[ dI ? ]...... ........[]S [i] ptAmavRkSagulmalatApratAnaM (m) A nadI [ta]lA[i] " ityudghATitamAsIt [ / *] catvAri hastazatAni vI (viM) zaduttarANyAyatena etAvatyeva vistIrNena 8. paMcasaptati hastAnavagADhena bhedena nissRtasarvvatoyaM marudhanvakalpamatibhRzaM durdU (d )a. .............[s]yrthe mauryasya rAjJaH caMdrag[3] [8] [s] [y] [ra] ASTriyeNa [ v ] aizyena puSyaguptena kAritaM azokasya mauryasya te[na] yavanarAjena tuS[A] sphenAdhiSThAya 9. praNAlIbhirala [[ ]kRta [m ] tatkAritayA ca rAjAnurUpakRtavidhAnayA tasmi[na] bhede dRSTyA pranADyA vira[tR] taset [3] . | ...........NA A garbhAtprabhRttyavihatasamud[i][ta]r] [A]jalakSmI-dhU [Ara]NAguNatassarvvavarNairabhigamya rakSaNArthaM patitve vRtena A prANocchvAsAtpuruSavadhanivRttikRta10. satyapratijJena anyatra saMgrAmeSvabhimukhAgatasadRzazatrupraharaNavitaraNatvAviguNari [pu ? ]............. * apidUraM ne pahale avidUraM ( pAse ) yevo pATha hoto. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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54 mahAkSatrapa rAjA rudradAmA. ........takAruNyena svayamabhigatajanapadapraNipati [t ?] A[ya] [u ? ]SazaraNadena dasyuvyALamRgarogAdibhiranupasRSTapUrvanagaranigama11. janapadAnAM svAArjitAnAmanuraktasarvaprakRtInAM pUrvAparAkarAvaMtyanUpanIvRdAnarsasurASTrazca [bha][ma][kaccha [sa]i[n ]dhus[au] [I]rakukurAparAMtaniSAdAdInAM samagrANAM tatpra bhAvA[ya] a.....................ra[ttha kAmaviSayANA[m ]viSayANAM patinA sarvakSatrAviSkRta12. vIrazabdajAtotsekAvidheyAnAM yaudheyAnAM prasahyotsAdakena dakSiNApathapatessAtakarNeripi nI( nirvyAjamavajI(ji)tyAvajI(ji)tya saMbaMdhAv [idUrayA anutsAdanAtprAptayazasA mAd ?] ......[H]vijayena bhraSTarAjapratiSThApakena yathArthahasto13. cchyArjitorjitadharmAnurAgeNa zabdArthagAndharvanyAyAdyAnAM vidyAnAM mahatInAM pAraNadhAraNa vijJAnaprayogAvAptavipulakIrtinA turagagajarathaca-sicarmaniyuddhAdyA....... ..................[ti]parabalalAghavasauSThavakriyeNa aharahanimAnAna14. vamAnazIlena sthUlalakSeNa yathAvatprAptailizulkabhAgaiH kanakarajatavavaiDUryaratnopacayaviSyanda mAnakozena sphuTalaghumadhuracitrakAntazabdasamayodArAlaMkRtagadyapadya..............................na pramANamAnonmAnasvaragativarNAsArasatvAdimiH 15. paramalakSaNavyaMjanairupetakAntamUrttinA svayamadhigatamahAkSatrapanAmnA narendrakannyAsvayaMvarAnekamA lyaprAptadAmn [A] mahAkSatrapeNa rudradAmnA varSasahasrAya gobrAha[m ] a........ tthi]m dharma kIrttivRddhyarthaM ca apIDayit [va]A karaviSTi16. praNayakriyAbhiH paurajAnapadaM janaM svasmAtkozA[n ] mahatA dhanaughena anatimahatA ca kAlena trig [u]NadRDhataravistArAyAma setuM vidhA[ya ?] [s ?] [va]vata[?]e..... .[sa]udarzanataraM kAritami [t] i [ / *] [a ?] [s ] minnarthe 17. mahAkSatrapa[mya matisacivakarmasacivairamAtyaguNasumudyuktairapyatimahatvAd bhedasyAnutsAhavimukha matibhi[:] pratya [a]khyAtAraMbha 18. punaHsetubandhanaira[AzyAd hAhAbhUtAsu prajAsu ihAdhiSThAne paurajAnapadajanAnugrahArtha pArthivena kRtsnAnAmAnartasurASTrANAM pAlanArthaniyuktena 19. pahalavena kulaipaputreNAmAtyena suvizAkhena yathAvadarthadharmavyavahAradarzanairanurAgamabhivardhayatA zaktena dAntenAcapalenAvismitenAryeNAhAryeNa 20. svadhitiSThatA dharmakIrtiyazAMsi bharturabhivarddhayatAnuSThitamiti / (11) Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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zilAlekha ane anuvAda. gujarAtI anuvAda. 5. 1. A taLAva sudaza na ( nAmanuM ) girinagara ( jUnAgaDha ) thI paNa dU....mATI pattharAnI vistRta lAMbI, uMcI sAMdhA vagaranI badhI majabUta pAtyeA vaDe baMdhAyalA hAvAthI patanA-- 5. 2. caraNanI pratispardhI karavAvALA suzliSTa...akRtrima setubandhathI majabUta sArA prakAre banelI naherA, mArIe, 55 5. 3. ga MdakI kADhavAnA rastAothI yukta traNa skandhavALA....Adi anugraheAthI ( atyAre ) bahu sArI hAlatamAM che. te A taLAva rAjA mahAkSatrapa sugRhItanAmA-- 5, 4, svAmI-cananA pAtra....nA putra rAjA mahAkSatrapa, vRddha puchyA paNa jenA nAmane jamyA kare che. evA rUdradAmAnA bahAMteramA (70+2 ) varSanA-- 5, 5, mAgazara mAsanA kRSNuprati....medhanA bahu varasavAthI pRthvI eka samudra mAphaka banI javAthI urjA yat (giranAra parvatathI suvarNasikatA 5. 6. palAzinI Adi nadIonA khUba vadhelA vegothI setu ( khAMdha )....anurUpa aTakAva karyA chatAM paNa pahADanA zikharA, vRkSA, upatapeA, daravAjA ane rakSaNa levA mATe banAvelAM UMcAM sthAnAnA nAza karI devAvALA, yugapralaya jevA 5' 7. parama dhAra vegavAna vAyudvArA mathAyalA pANIthI pheMkAyelA ane jara karAyelA pattharA, vRkSA, jhADIo, latAonA phUMkAvAthI TheTha nadInI taLeTI sudhI ( baMdha ) ukhaDI gayA hatA. ( temAM ) cArasA vIsa ( vIsa upara cArasA ) hAtha lAMbu, eTaluja ( 420 ) paheALu-- paM. 8. paMcAtera hAtha uMDu gAmaDu paDI javAthI badhuM pANI nikLI javAne lIdhe ( te taLAva ) retALa jaMgalanI mAphaka atyaMta duna ( kharAba dekhAvavALu ) . ....( )....ne mATe sAya rAjA caMdraguptanA rASTrIya-sUbA vaizya puSpagupte banAvyu. azAka mAya ne mATe yavanarAja tuSArUM peAtAnA adhikAramAM 5, 9, 10, jene naherAthI alaMkRta-zAbhALyu hatu evuM ane tenI banAvaTamAM rAjAone cAgya badhI geADhavaNuvALu, e gAmaDAnI vacamAMthI dekhAtI nALI -naheranA vistRta baMdha....( 0 )....garbha thI lai avidyuta ane samudita rAjya * upalAmALa.

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mahAkSatrapa rAjA rudradAmAM. lakSamIna dhAraNa karavAnA guNuvALA hevAthI badhA varSoe potAnA rakSaNa mATe pati (rAjA) tarIke cUMTAyelA hovAthI, yuddha sivAya maratAM sudhI-AjIvana manuSyavadha na karavAnI daDha pratijJAne caritArtha karI batAvanArA, sAme AvelA samevaDIyA zatrune ghA karIne nakAmA zatruo....karUNA dhAraNa karavAvALA, pitAne zaraNe AvelA janapada (deza) ne jIvana ane zaraNa ApavAvALA, bAravaTIyA, sarpa, jaMgalI jaMtu, rega jemane kadI spardho nathI evA, nagara, nigamapaM. 11, ane janapadanI potAnA baLathI prApta, anurakta prajAethI AbAda, pUrvAkara, pazcimAkara, avanti, anupadeza, Anarta, surAddha, dhanna, marU, kaccha, sidhu-saivIra, kakura, aparAMta, niSAda Adi badhA pradezanAM, je tenA prabhAvathI....artha kAma viSayonA svAmI badhA kSatrimAM prakaTa karelIpaM. 12. pitAnI vIra padavInA kAraNe abhimAnI thayelA ane keInA paNa kAbumAM na AvavAvALA codheyone jabarajastIthI ukhADI nAkhavAvALA, dakSiNapathapati sAtakaNine be vAra khUllI laDAImAM jItavA chatAM nikaTane saMbaMdhI hevAthI padabhraSTa na karIne yaza prApta karavAvALA...vijayI, padabhraSTa rAjAone pharI sthA pana karavAvALA, potAnA hAthane yathArtha- paM. 13. rUpe uThAvIne (sadA nyAyatatpara rahevAne kAraNe ) daDha dharmAnurAganA arjana karavAvALA zabda (vyAkaraNa) artha (arthazAstra) gAMdharva (saMgIta) nyAya (tarkazAstra) Adi mahAvidyAonuM pAraNu (pAraMgata thavA) dhAraNa (smaraNa) vijJAna (samajavA) ane prayogathI vipula kIrti prApta karavAvALA, ghoDA, hAthI, ratha calAvavAmAM taravAra DhAlanA yuddha AdimAM atyaMta baLa, smRrti, saphAI batAvavA vALA, dina pratidina dAna, mAna karavA tathA anucita vartAvathI dUra rahevAvALA paM. 14, sthaLa lakSyavALA, ucitarUpe meLavelI bali (viTI ) zulka (jagAta) ane bhAga (rAjyano hakka-kara) mAMthI sonA, cAMdI, vaja, vairya, ratnanA DhagalAethI bharapUra bhaMDAravALA, skuTa, laghu, madhura, vicitra, kAMta zabda saMketavaDe udAra alaMkRta, gadya padya laMbAI, pahoLAI, uMcAI (sama caturasa) svara, cAla, raMga, sAra, baLa AdipaM. 15-16. uttama lakSaNo ane vyaMjanethI yukta, kAMtamUrtivALA, svayaMprAsa (pote meLaveluM) mahAkSatra5 nAmadhArI, rAjakanyAonA svayaMvaramAM aneka varamALAne * te vakhatamAM rAjA pitAne hAtha uMce karI nyAyane nirNaya ruling ApatA hatA.

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zilAlekha ane anuvAda. 57 dhAraNa karanArA, mahAkSatrapa rudradAmAe hajAra varSane mATe gebrAhmaNane mATe ane dharma tathA kIrtinI vRddhine mATe, pira, jAnapada janane (dezanA lakone) kara viSTi (veTha) praNaya (= prema bheTa-najarANA) AdithI pIDita karyA vagara, pitAnAja bhaMDAramAMthI puSkaLa dhana vAparIne thoDA ja vakhatamAM (pahelAMthI paNa) traNagaNe majabUta ane laMbAI paheLAIvALe baMdha baMdhAvIne badhI taraphathI pahelAM karatAM paNa ( taLAvane ) sudarzanatara-adhika suMdara karI dIdhuM. paM. 17. mahAkSatrapanA atisaciva (salAhakAraka maMtrIo ane karmasaciva (kArya kArI pradhAno-je badhA amAtyaguNothI yukta hatA to paNu-nI, gAbaDu bahu moTu hovAthI A (tene pharI baMdhAvavA) bAbatamAM anutsAhane kAraNe sammati hatI nahIM, prathamamAM temane virodha hovAthI paM. 18, pharIne baMdha baMdhAvAnI AzA na rahevAthI, prajAmAM hAhAkAra macI javAthI A sthAnamAM pira jAnapadanA anugrahane mATe, samasta Anarta ne surAddhanA pAlana mATe rAjA taraphathI niyukta- paM. 19. pahalavajAtinA kalepanA putra-artha dharma ne vyavahArane sArI rIte jANavA vALA, (prajAne) anurAga vadhAravAvALA, zAMta, dAMta (saMyamI), acapala, avismita ( anabhimAnI) Arya, aDaga ( lAMca na levAvALA) amAtya suvizAkhe, sArI rIte zAsana karatAM karatAMpaM. 20. pitAnA bhartA (svAmI-rAjA)nI dharma, kIrti, ne yazanI vRddhi karatAM karatAM baMdhAvyuM. je Iti che Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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mahAkSatrapa rAjA rUdradAmA. hindI anuvAda. paM.1-2 yaha tAlAva sudarzana girinagara se bhI dUra...miTTI-pattharoM kI vistRta, lambI, UMcI, sandhi-hIna saba dRDha pALiyoM se ba~dhA hone ke kAraNa parvata ke caraNakI pratispardhA karane vAle suzliSTa...akRtrima setubandhaM se upapanna, bhalIprakAra banI huI nAliyoM, moriyoM aura mailA nikAlane ke rAstoM se yukta, tIna skandha vAlA...Adi anugrahoMse ( aba ) bar3I acchI hAlata meM hai| paM. 3-4 so yaha tAlAva rAjA mahAkSatrapa sugRhItanAmA svAmi caSTana ke pote (pautra )...beTe ( putra ) rAjA mahAkSatrapa, bujargaloga bhI jisake nAmako japA karate haiM aise, rudradAmA ke bahattara (70+2) barasa meMpaM. 5 mArgazIrSa kRSNa prati...bAdalake bahuta barasane se pRthvI ke eka samudrakI taraha hojAne para Urjayet nAmaka parvatase suvarNasikatApaM. 6 palAzinI Adi nadiyoM ke bahuta hI bar3he hue vegoMse setu...anurUpa, pratIkAra kiye jAne para bhI, pahAr3a ke zikharoM, vRkSoM, aTTAlikAoM, upatalpoM, daravAjoM tathA zaraNa leneko banAye hue UMce sthAnoM kA vidhvaMsa kara denevAle yuganidhana sadRzapaM. 7 parama ghora vega vAyudvArA mathe hue pAnIse pheMke gaye aura jarjara kiye gaye...pattharoM, per3oM, jhADiyoM, latAoM ke pheMke jAne se ThIka nadI kI talaiTI taka ukhar3a gayA thA / bIsa Upara cArasau hAtha laMbA, utanA hI cauDApaM. 8 pacahattara hAtha gaharA darAr3a ho jAne se saba pAnI nikala jAne ke kAraNa maru aura bAMgara ke samAna bahuta hI durdarzana ( burA dIkhanevAlA )...(|)...ke lie mauryarAjA caMdragupta ke rASTriya ( sUbA ) vaizya puSyagupta kA banavAyA, azoka maurya ke lie yavana rAja tuSAsphane apane adhiSThAtRtva meM jisepaM. 9-10 nAliyoM se alaMkRta kiyA thA aisA, aura usakI banavAI rAjAoM ke anurUpa * tUnAgada + avidUra-najadIka meve| 54 hotA to. 1 bAMdha. 2 giranAra. 3 uparalI maMjiloM. 4 adhikAra. 5 nahereM.

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zilAlekha ane anuvAde. saba intajAmavAlI, usa darAr3a ke bIca dIkha paDI nAlI se vistRta setu...(1)...garbha se lekara avihata aura samudita rAjalakSmI ke dhAraNa ke guNa ke kAraNa saba vargoM ke dvArA rakSaNa ke lie pati (rAjA ) rUpameM vare gaye, yuddha ke sivAya marate dama taka kabhI puruSakA vadha na karane kI apanI pratijJA ko satya kara dikhalAne vAle, sAmane Aye hue barAbara ke zatruko coTa dekara nikamme zatru....karuNA dhAraNa karane vAle, apane Apa zaraNa meM Aye jhuke janapadako Ayu aura zaraNa dene vAle, DAkU, vyAla, jaMgalI jantu roga Adi jinheM kabhI chU nahIM pAte ese nagara nigamoMpaM. 11 aura janapadoMkI apane vIrya se arjita anurakta prajAoMse AbAda pUrabI Akara, pacchimI Akara, avanti, anUpadeza, Anarta, surASTra, zvabhra, (zvabhramati-sAbaramatI kA kAMThA ) maru, kaccha, sindhu-sauvIra, kukura, aparAnta, niSAda Adi....saba pradezoM ke jo ki usake prabhAvase....artha, kAma, viSayoM ko..svAmI, sarva kSatriyoM meM prakaTa kI huI (apanI) paM. 12 vIra padavI ke kAraNa abhimAnI bane hue aura kisI taraha kAbU na AnevAle yaudheyoM ko jabaradastI ukhAr3a dene vAle, dakSiNApathapati sAtakarNi ko do bAra khulI laDAI meM jIta karabhI nikaTa sambandha ke kAraNa na ukhADane se yaza prApta karane vAle.... vijaya pAne vAle, gire rAjAoM ke pratiSThApaka apane hAthako yathArthapaM. 13 rUpa se uThA kara (=lagAtAra ThIka ThIka nyAya karate rahene ke kAraNa ) dRDha dharmAnurAga kA arjana karane vAle, zabda ( vyAkaraNa ) artha ( arthazAstra ) gAndharva ( saMgIta ) nyAya ( tarkazAstra ) Adi bar3I bar3I vidyAoM ke pAraNa ( pAraMgata hone ) dhAraNa ( smaraNa ) ___ vijJAna ( samajhane ) aura prayogase vipula kIrti pAnevAle, ghor3e, hAthI, ratha calAne talavAra DhAla ke yuddha Adi....atyanta bala phurtI, saphAI dikhAne vAle, dina-ba-dina dAna mAna karane tathA anucita bartAva se paraheja rakhane vAle, paM. 14 sthUla lakSavAle, ucitarUpase pAI bali ( mAlagujArI ) zulka ( cuMgI ) aura bhAga ( rAjakIya aMza ) se-sonA, cAMdI, vajra, vaiDUrya ratnoM ke DheroM se bharapUra koza vAle, sphuTa laghu, madhura, vicitra, kAnta zabda saMketoM dvArA udAra alaMkRta gadya, padya....laMbAI, cauDAI, UMcAI, svara, cAla, raMga, sAra, bala Adi 1 rAjA hAtha uThA kara apanA nyAya-nirNaya sunAtA thaa|

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60 mahAkSatrapa rAjA rUdradAmA. paM. 15-16 uttama lakSaNoM aura vyaMjanoM se yukta kAnta mUrttivAle, apane Apa pAye mahA-kSatrapa nAmavAle, rAjakanyAoM ke svayaMvaroM meM aneka mAlAyeM pAnevAle mahAkSatrapa rudradAmAne hajAroM barasoM ke lie, gobrAhmaNa... ke lie aura dharma aura kIrti kI vRddhi ke lie, paurajAnapada jana ko kara viSTi ( begAra ) praNaya ( = prema-bheMTa ke nAmase dhanI prajA se liye hue upahAra ) Adise pIDita kiye binA, apane hI kozase baDA dhana lagAkara thoDe hI kAla meM ( pahale se ) tIna gunA dRDhatara, lambAI, caur3AIvAlA setu banavA kara saba tarapha.... .. pahale se sudarzanatara ( adhika sundara ) kara diyA / paM. 17 mahAkSatrapa ke mati sacivoM ( salAha denevAle mantrioM) aura karmasacivoM ( kAryakArI mantriyoM ) kI, yadyapi ve saba amAtyaguNoM se yukta the to bhI, darADa ke bahuta bar3A hone ke kAraNa isa viSaya meM anutsAha ke kAraNa sahamati nahIM rahI; unake isake Arambha meM virodha karane para - paM. 18 phirase setu bandhane kI AzA na rahane se prajA meM hAhAkAra maca jAne para, isa adhiSThAna meM paurajAnapadoM ke anugraha ke lie, samasta Anarta aura surASTra ke pAlana ke liye, rAjA kI tarapha se niyukta paM. 19 pahalava kulaipa ke putra artha, dharma aura vyavahAra ko ThIka ThIka dekhate hue ( prajA kA ) anurAga bar3hAnevAle, zakta, dAnta ( saMyamI ), acapala, avismita ( anabhimAnI ), Arya naDiga sakane ( rizvata na lene) vAle - amAtya suvizAkha ne bhalI prakAra zAsana karate hue. paM 20 apane bhartA kA dharma kIrtti aura yaza bar3hAte hue banavAyA / iti / "

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zilAlekha ane anuvAde. English Translation ( Lines 1-2 ) Be it accomplished. This lake Sudarsana, from Girinagara ( even a long listance ? )..................of a structure so well joined as to rival the spur of a mountain, because all its embankments are strong, in breadth, length and height, constructed without gaps, as they are of stone, ( clay )........ ............furnished with a natural dam, (formed by ? )..............., and with well-provided conduits, drains and weirs (? )........ ........... three sections............... by...............and other favours is ( nour) in an excellent condition, (LI. 3-6) This same ( lake )-on the first of the dark half of Margasirsha in the seventy-second-72nd-year of the king, the Mahakshatrupa Rudradaman, whose name is repeated by the venerable, the son of.............( and ) son's son of the king, the Mahakshatrapa Lord Chashtana the taking of whose name is auspicious........... when by the clouds pouring with rain, the earth had been converted as it were into one ocean, by the excessively swollen floods of the Suvarnasikata, Pulsini and other streams of mount Urjayat the dam......, though proper precautions ( were taken ), the water churned by a storm which, of a most tremendous fury befitting the end of a mundane period, tore down hill-tops, trees, banks, turrets, upper stories, gates and raised places of shelter-scattered, broke to pieces, (tore apart )....... with stones, trees, bushes and creeping plants scattered about, was thus laid open down to the bottom of the river. (L. 7. ) By a breach four hundred and twenty cubits long, just as many broad, ( and ) seventy-five cubits deep, all the water escaped, so that (the lake ), almost like a sandy desert, ( became ) extremely ugly (to look at ). (L. 8. ).........for the sake of.........ordered to be made by the Vaisya Pushyagupta, the Provincial Governor of the Maurya King Chandragupta ; adorned with conduits for Asoka the Maurya by the Yavana king Tushaspha while governing; and by the conduit ordered to be made by him, constructed in a manner worthy of a king ( and ) seen in that breach, the extensive dam...........

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92 mahAkSatrapa rAjA rUdradAmA. (Ll. 9-15 )............he who, because from the womb he was distinguished by the possession of undisturbed consummate royal fortune, was resorted to by all castes and chosen their lord to protect them; who made, and is true to, the vow to the latest breath of his life to abstain from slaying men, except in battles; who showed) compassion .......not failing to deal blows to equal antagonists meeting him face to face; who grants protection of life to people repairing to him of their own accord and those prostrating themselves before him; who is the lord of the whole of Eastern Akar, Western Akar, Avanti, the Anupa country, Anarta, Surushtra, Svabhra, Maru, Kachchha, Sindhu-Sauvira, Kukura, Aparanta, Nishada and other territories gained by his own valour, the towns, marts and rural parts of which are never troubled by robbers, snakes, wild beasts, diseases and the like, where all subjects are attached to him, (and) where through his might the objects of (religion), wealth and pleasure ( are duly attained); who by force destroyed the Yaudheyas who were loath to submit, rendered proud as they were by having established their title of heroes among all Kshatriyas; who obtained good report because he, in spite of having twice in fair fight completely defeated Satakarni, the lord of Dakshinapatha, on account of the nearness of their connection did not destroy him; who (obtained) victory............; who reinstates deposed kings; who by the customary raising of his hand (at the time of dispensing justice) has earned the strong attachment of Dharma; who has attained wide fame by studying and remembering, by the knowledge and practice of, grammar, music, logic and other great sciences; who...............the management of horses, elephants and chariots, (the use of) sword and shield, pugilistic combat and other.......... .the acts of quickness and efficiency of opposing forces; who day by day is in the habit of bestowing presents and honours and eschewing disrespectful treatment; who is bounteous; whose treasury by the tribute, tolls and shares rightfully obtained overflows with an accumulation of gold, silver, diamonds, beryl stones and (other) precious things; who.........prose and verse, which are clear, agreeable, sweet, charming, beautiful, excelling by the proper use of words and adorned; whose beautiful frame owns the most excellent marks and signs, such as ( auspicious) length, dimension and

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zilAlekha ane anuvAdo. height, voice, gait, colour, vigour and strength; who himself has acquired the name of Mahakshatrapa; who has been wreathed with many garlands at the svayamvaras of kings' daughters-he, the Mahakshatrapa Rudraduman, in order to ... ... ......cows and Brahmanas for a thousand years, and to increase his religious merit and fame-without oppressing the inhabitants of the towns and country by taxes, forced labour and acts of affection-by ( the expenditure of ) a vast amount of money from his own treasury and in not too long a time made the dam three times as strong in breadth and length ........ on ) all (banks )......( and so ) had ( this lake ) made ( even ) more beautiful to look at. (Ll. 16-20 ) When in this matter the Mahakshatrapa's counsellors and executive officers, who, though fully endowed with the qualifications of ministers, were averse to the task (regarded as ) futile on account of the enormous extent of the breach and opposed the commencement ( of the work ); (and) when the people in their despair of having the dam rebuilt were loudly lamenting, (the work ) was carried out by the minister Suvisakha, the son of Kulaipa, a Pahlava, who for the benefit of the inhabitants of the towns and country had been appointed by the king in this government to rule the whole of Anarta and Surashtra, (a minister, who by his proper dealings and view in things temporal and spiritul increased attachment ( of the people ), who was able, patient, not wavering, not arrogant, upright ( and ) not to be bribed, and ) who by his good government increased the spiritual merit, fame and glory of his master. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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64 mahAkSatrapa rAna rUdradAmA. zilAlekhamAMnA vizeSa nAmeAnI anukramaNikA. anUpadeza aparAnta avanti azAka Akara Ana Uja yat kaccha kukura kulapa girinagara caDhana caMdragupta tuSAph dakSiNApatha niSAda palava palAzinI puSyagupta mar mahAkSatrapa mA zISa mA vana cAdheya dAmana vaizya za sAtakI sindhu-sAvIra suda na surASTra suvarNa siktA suvizAkha Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat paMkti 11 11 11 22 ', , "> "" "" 79 "" "" "" "" "7 A "" "" A "" ,, "" "" "" "" "" "" " "7 "" ,, "" xxxxx : 8 11 11, 18 5 11 11 19 1 4 . . 12 11 19 . 11 3, 4, 15, 17 5 . . 12 4, 15 11 12 11 1 11, 18 5 19 www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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pokaLa vidhAnane prativAda. vibhAga bIjo. rUdradAmane sudarzana taLAva baMdhAvavAmAM jarA paNa hise pUryo nathI. " prAcIna bhAratavarSa" 2/11 cAvI. ' Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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rAjA rUdradAmA, zAti, rUdradAmAnA uttarAdhikArIo vigere saMbadhI hakIkata ApaNe pAchalA prakaraNeAmAM vAMcI, te sAthe mULa zilAlekhA vigere paNa joyA. A vibhAgamAM rAjA rUdradAmA ane tenI prazasti saMbaMdhI keTalIka itihAsathI virUddha ane asaMbaddha hakIkatA kAi kAI sthaLe ALekhAyalI jovAmAM Ave che tene vicAra karavAmAM Avye che. temAM khAsa karIne DaoN. tribhuvanadAsa zAhanA pustakAmAM mahAkSatrapa rUdradAmA sabaMdhI ghaNA ulaTA sulaTA vidhAnA maLI Ave che. temAM rUdradAmAne sthAne bIjA rAjAone sthA pavAmAM AvyA che, athavA rUdradAmAnuM kArya khIjAne nAme caDAvI devAyu hAya evAM kathana maLI Ave che. A prakaraNamAM mATe bhAge tA azoka rAka'giranAra khaDaka lekha ' uparanA rUdradAmAnA lekha saMbaMdhI je pheraphAravALI mAnyatAo che te saMbadhIja vivecana karyuM che. e prazasti keAnI che e saba MdhI nirNaya karatAM e pustakamAM lakhavAmAM AvyuM che ke-- atyAre vidvAneAnI mAnyatA ema che, ke A prazasti caRNuvaMzI mahAkSatrapa rUdradAmane kAtarAvI che. prA. bhA. 2/189 A prazasti kSatriya rUdradAmane lakhAvI hatI, ema adyApi vidvAnAnI mAnyatA thai che. mArU mantanya ema che ke te badhI prazasti samrATa priyadarzinanI che. prA. bhA. 2/305 ....sudarzana taLAvane nAzamAMthI bacAvI lenAra tarIke sa MzAdhakA kSatrapa samrATa rUdradAmanane TharAve che. jyAre huM tenA yaza mahArAjA priyadarzanane apuM chuM. prA. bhA. 2/382

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pikaLa vidhAnono prativAda. 67 pro. piTarasana sAhebanA maMtavyano sAra ema che ke, A taLAva prathama samrATa caMdraguptanA samayamAM vilaNaNe baMdhAvyuM hatuM ane tene pharate kAMThe, samrATa azokanA vakhatamAM tapasa athavA tuSa05 nAmanA amaladAre prathamavAra samarAvyo hato. jyAre bIjIvAranuM samAra kAma priyadarzinanA samaye karavAmAM AvyuM che. tyAre eprivrAphIkAnA lekhake tenI yazakIrtine Akhe kaLaza kSatrapa rUdradAmanane zire DhaLe che. alabata piTarasana sAhebane abhiprAya cekhA zabdamAM mahArAjA priyadarzananI tarapheNamAM darzAvela te nathI ja; paNa te matalabane bhAvArtha nikaLate sahaja tarI Ave che kharo. chatAM eprivrAphIkAnA lekhakathI to ApaNe mAnapUrvaka judA ja paDavuM thAya che ane piTarasanasAhebanA matane maLatAM thatuM javuM paDe che. prA. bhA. 2/393-4 kaI vidvAna bhAgyeja ema mAnato haze ke te prazasti mahAkSatrapa rudradAmAe ketarAvI che. badhAnuM evuM maMtavya che ke te vakhate mahAkSatrapa rudradAmAne sUbo suvizAkha saiArAddhanA adhikAra upara hatuM, teNe e prazasti kotarAvI che, ane te sudarzana taLAvane aMge rAjA rudradAmAnA kArya saMbaMdhI che. vaLI saMzodhako je mAne te koI AdhAra uparathIja mAnatA hoya ema te mAnavuM ja joIe. ane uDatI kalpanAo karatAM saMzodhakonuM maMtavya vadhu vajUdavALuM hoya che te svIkAravuM joIe. je kharekhara saMzodhake che temaNe e taLAvane nAzamAMthI bacAvI lenAra tarIke rUdradAmAne ja mAnya che. kevaLa kalpanA karavAthI ekane yaza bIjAne maLI jate nathI e paNa eTaluM ja satya che. AgaLa jaIne piTarsana sAhebane je badanAmI ApavAno prayAsa thayo che te te kharekhara bInajavAbadArI bharyuM pagaluM che. piTarsana sAhebano ughADa ke DhAMkelo ke evI matalabavALo mata che ja nahIM ke je lekhaka manAvavA mathe che. vaLI piTarsana je priyadarzInI prazasti ke taLAvane uddhAra karyAnuM mAnatA hatA te temane bhrAmaka ke saMdigdha lakhANa lakhavA karatAM spaSTa zabdomAM zA mATe na lakhata? pitAnuM maMtavya so koI spaSTa zabdomAM jAhera karI zake che, paraMtu temane priyadarzInI tarapheNane mata cheja nahIM. AkhI prastAvanAmAM temaNe e saMbaMdhI kazuM kahyuM ja nathI. vaLI caMdraguptanA sUbA viSNugupta ane azokanA tapasa ke tuSa5 hatA e kone mata ? piTasana ke DaeN. zAhane ? je piTarsanane mata kahetA hoya te ema kahevuM joIe ke te pote bIjAne nAme aMdhera calAve che ane je piteja ema mAnatA heya te te ajJAna che. kAraNa ke caMdraguptanA sUbAnuM nAma viSNugupta nahIM paNa vaizya puSyagupta che ane azokanA sUbAnuM nAma tapasa ke tuSa5 nahIM paNa tuSArapha che.

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8 mahAkSatrapa rAjA rUdradAmA. '. have piTarsanane taLAvanA samArakAma saMbaMdhI ro mata che te joIe. avvalamAM to piTarsanane svataMtra koI mataja temaNe raju karyo nathI chatAM temAM taLAvanA samarAvanArA baMdhAvanArA tarIke spaSTa zabdomAM caMdragupta, azoka ane rUdradAmAne ja batAvyA che. chatAM lekhaka bIjuM nAma temAM kyAMthI upajAvI ke zodhI zakyA che ke tevI matalabane bhAvArtha kayAMthI kADhyo che te jaNAvyuM nathI. epigrAphIAnA lekhakathI judu zA mATe paDavuM thAya che tenuM paNa kazu vajUdavALu satya pramANa batAvyuM nathI. vaLI zilAlekha prazastimAM priyadazInuM nAma nathI, nizAna nathI. eTale piTarsanane tenI kalpanA karavAnuM kazuM kAraNa nathI. DaoNkTara mahAzayane tenuM nAma zodhI kADhavAnuM ke upajAvI kADhavAnuM mana kema thaI AvyuM te kaLavuM muzkela nathI. paraMtu AdhAra vagara ItihAsamAM koI vastu upajAvI zakAya nahIM vaLI priyadarzI ane rUdradAmAnA samayamAM AkAza pAtALanuM aMtara che. lagabhaga sADAtraNaso varSanuM che, priyadarzI (azeka) I. pU. ra77-236 mAM thayA che ane rUdradAmA I. sa. bIjI sadImAM thayAM che. eTale zuM priyadarzI rAjAnA vakhatamAM sADAtraNaso varSa pachI thanArA rUdradAmAnuM nAma, sAla, saMvata hakIkata ane ghaTanAonuM varNana karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM ? " rUdradAmAnI jIvananI paLepaLa zuM priyadarzInA vakhatamAM jaNAI gaI hatI ? kharekhara je te prazasti priyadarzI rAjAnA vakhatamAM lakhAI hoya to temAM rUdradAmAnI hakIkata zA mATe varNavAI gaI ! + ...But the interest of the inscriptions in our book is confined almost exclusively to the great King Rudradaman. The second inscription gives us more information with regard to this monarch (Rudradaman ) than we have for any of other ruling members of his house. It refers to an event which happened, accord to the inscription" In the 72nd year of the Mahakshatrapa Rudradaman...the Pahlava minister Suvishakha, son of Kulaipa, undertook the mighty work of restoring the dam ; and the inscription,...tells how this task was by him successfully accomplished...... It is too much to hope that......the opportunity of serving themselves as heirs in this matter also to Chandragupta, Asoka, and Rudradaman, by giving the people back their lake? Dr. P. Peterson : . : Prakrit & Sanskrit Inscriptions P. 4-6-6. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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pikaLa vidhAnane prativAda, - sudarzana taLAvanI mULa utpatti viSe lakhatAM eja pustakamAM lekhaka lakhe che ke 8 samrATa caMdragupta potAnA purohita-rAjagurU cANakayane laine, potAnA jainadhamonuyAyIo sAthe saMgha kADhI, A parama pavitra tIrthAdhirAjanA darzanArthe vAraMvAra Avate. ane tyAM AvatA zrI saMghanA yAtrIjanone pANInI taMgI na paDe mATe, girirAjanI taLeTImAM pite sudarzana taLAva baMdhAvyuM hatuM . . . . . . sudarzana taLAva, kRSinI khIlavaNI athe baMdhAvavAmAM nahotuM AvyuM, paNa pitAnA sahadhamI yAtrALuo, chUTaka yA saMgha kADhIne Ave, tyAre jaLanI taMgI na paDe te mATe, svAmIvAtsalyatAnI bhAvanAthI prerita thaIne te baMdhAvyuM hatuM. .... A bAbatamAM sudarzana taLAvanI prazasti poteja akhaMDanIya ane atUTa pUrAvo gaNI zakAya tema che. prA. bhA. 2/183-4-5. rAjA caMdragupta te taLAva zA mATe ne zA hetuthI baMdhAvyuM hatuM tenI vigatamAM huM utaravA mAgato nathI, caMdragupta ne cANakya tyAM kayAre ne keTalIvAra jAtrAe jatA tenA uMDANanI chaNAvaTa mAre karavI nathI ane rDo. zAha jema kahe che tema mAnI laIe ke lokakalyANa ke kRSi mATe nahIM paNa te taLAva dhArmika bhAvanAthI baMdhAvavAmAM AvyuM # svAmIvAtsalyanI - atyAra sudhInA itihAsakAra vidvAnonA mate te taLAvanA baMdhAvavA saMbaMdhIne hetu kRSi-khetI vADInI pragatino hato. kAraNa ke caMdraguptanA vakhatamAM kheti vibhAgano ophIsara rahe , te nahero. kavA, taLAva dvArA kheDutone pUratuM pANI pahoMce che ke nahIM te tapAsa rAkhato, jyAM pUratuM pANI na maLatuM tyAM nahero, taLAvo, sarovaro, setu-badhe rAjya taraphathI dAvavAmAM baMdhAvavAmAM AvatA. caMdragupta evA ghaNuM sAdhane khetInI siMcAI mATe taiyAra karyA hatA. "arthazAsa' paNa e vAtanI sAkSI pUre che. tenA bIjA adhikAranA 24 adhyAyanA 7 mA sUtramAM kulyA zabda dvArA naheranuM varNana karAyeluM che. megAsthane kahe che ke-bhUminA adhikatara bhAgamAM siMcAi thAya che, ane ethI eka varSamAM be vakhata vAvetara pAka thAya che. "Megasthenes " Book 1. F. 1. te AgaLa vadhIne ema paNa kahe che ke, jema misramAM thAya che tema ahIM paNa rAjyanA karma. cArIe nadIonuM nirIkSaNa ane jamInanuM mApa vigere kare che. te loko naheronI dekharekha rAkhe che" jethI moTI naheranAM pANI nAnI naheramAM thaIne badhA kheDutone samAnabhAge maLI zake che. "Megasthenes " Book. III, F. XXXIV, : teja pramANe sudarzana taLAva paNa khetIvADInI sagavaDa mATe baMdhAyuM hatuM ema vidvAne mAne che. eka sthaLe lakhyuM che ke giranAra meM, jo kAThiyAvADa meM hai, eka caTTAna para kSatrapa rudradAmana kA eka lekha khudA huA hai| usase vidita hotA hai ki dUrasthita prAntoM kI siMcAI para maurya samrAda kitanA dhyAna dete the| .... isa jhIlakA nAma sudarzana rakkhA gayA aura isa se khetoM kI siMcAI hone lgii| bAdako azokane meM se nahera mAM nivastra | "vaukIna mArata" p. 168

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70 mahAkSatrapa rAjA rUdradAmAM. hatuM, paNa te badhI hakIkata mATe prazastine pUrAvA rUpe batAve che tyAre te kahevuM paDe che ke DaeN. zAha bIlakula haMbaka calAve che ane dekhatAnI AMkhamAM dhULa nAkhavAno prayAsa seve che. caMdragupta taLAva zA mATe baMdhAvyuM hatuM ke teno uddeza zo have te saMbaMdhI prazastimAM te eke akSara maLatuM nathI. prazasti te vigata jaNAvatI nathI. huM te ema paNa mAnavA taiyAra thau ke caMdragupta tyAM eka nahIM aneka taLAvo baMdhAvyA, aneka maMdira ne dharmazALAo baMdhAvI, pratidina te jAtrAe AvatA ane hAma dAma ne ThAma dharAvanArA tyAM alakApurI vasAvI zake ane vasAvI hatI e badhuMya mAnI lau paraMtu tene mATe hakIkata ane pUrAvAo satya raju thavA joIe. ghaDIbhara ema paNa svIkArI lau ke A pAMcamA ArAmAM paNa Do. tribhuvanadAsa zAhane kevaLajJAna thayuM che, paNa tene mATe pramANu batAvavAM joIe. pramANa vagaranI kalpanA ItihAsamAM ALekhI ItihAsane ja vikRta ke dUSita karavAno yatna sevavAmAM Avato hoya to te ItihAsanI daSTie huM to zuM koI paNa vyakti asvIkaraNIya ane akSaktavyaja gaNe. tema A prazasti saMbaMdhI avicArita banI gapagoLA hAMkavA koI prerAya te te akSattavyaja lekhAya. ane chatAM temanI daSTie, prazastimAM caMdraguptane je hetu hato te hetu batAvatI paMktio kotarAyelI hoya to te paMkti pustakamAM lakhavI joItI hatI ane prazastimAMthI je e paMkti maLI hota te jarUra TAMkI paNa hota. have te AkhA khaDaka lekhane, zilAne ane azokanI AjJAone badhAne rAjA priyadarzInA batAvavAno ADakataro prayAsa karatAM lakhe che ke- je khaDaka upara samrATa priyadarzInane lekha kotarAyela che ane jene giranAra roka eDikaTa=giranAranA khaDakalekha tarIke oLakhAvAya che . teja khaDaka upara A sudarzana taLAvanI prazasti kotarAvAI che. atyAre vidvAnonI mAnyatA ema che, ke A prazasti caSaNavaMzI mahAkSatrapa rudradAmane kotarAvI che. prA bhA. 2/189. che. mahAzaya A zo artha karaze? chatAM ema mAnI laIe ke, te kRSi mATe nahotuM. paraMtu tene mATe temanI pAse kazuM sAdhana che? ke kAI pramANa che? athavA kRSi mATe te taLAva baMdhAvyuM hoya to temane ema mAnavAmAM vAMdho che Ave che ke temane kRSi mATe khAsa niSedha karavo paDe che. zuM kRSi e dezane mATe, rAjyane mATe ke caMdraguptane mATe ghAtaka vastu hatI ? ke caMdraguptane e aNagamatI hatI ? vaLI te taLAvamAM pAchaLathI nahera khodAvI hatI e zA mATe? nahero vagara lokone pANI pIvAmAM vAMdho Avato hato ? ke nahero vagara svAmivAtsalyanI bhAvanAne bAdhA pahoMcatI hatI ? . mahAzaya pAse itihAsakArone javAba ApavA mATe kazA pramANe che kharAM ? Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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pokaLa vidhAne prativAda. che uparanA avataraNamAM khaDaka uparano lekha ane AkhI khaDakane priyadarzI rAjAnI jaNAve che. sAthe sAthe bIjA ja vAkyamAM lakhe che ke teja khaDaka upara A sudarzana taLAvanI prazasti kotarAyelI che. tethI ema to samajAyuM ke A prazasti ane priyadarzIne lekha haiM. zAhanA mate paNa banne bhinna cIjo to thaI. ethI zuM lekhakano ema kahevAno Azaya che ke te azokano zilAlekha ane sudarzana taLAvanI prazasti bane priyadarzI rAjAnI che? ane je ema mAnavA taiyAra hoya to temaNe azoka ane priyadarzIne bhinna bhinna mAnavAnI AkhA pustakanI bAija uMdhI vaLI jAya che. kAraNa ke ItihAsamAM azoka ne dizA ane ekaja che chatAM te be bhinna che ema lakhIne De. zAhe pAnAnA pAnA bharyA che te temanAM ja A vacanathI asatya kare che ane potAnI ja kuhADI pitAnA pagapara paDe che. have rahI prazastinI vAta. ane te cachanavaMzI mahAkSatrapa rudradAmAnI che e eka ne eka be jevI satya hakIkata che. paM. 9 mIne saMbaMdha bIjA rAjAne lAgu karatAM tenuM je vivecana karyuM che, ane rAjA priyadarzI sAthe tene saMbaMdha vaLagADyo che ne je siddhAMta bAMdhyA che tenA upara mAre varNana karavuM bahu jarUrI nathI, chatAM je tenA varNanamAM utAravAmAM Ave te lekhakanA TAMgA temanAMja gaLAmAM AvI paDe tema che. prazasti priyadarzI rAjAnI che ema batAvavA eka bIjI yukti lekhaka Ape che ke "AThamI paMktimAM maryavaMzI samrA caMdragupta ane te bAda samrATa azoka paratve ullekha karela che, ane pachI jagyA khAlI Ave che, eTale svAbhAvika che ke eka pachI eka gAdIe AvanAranuM-samrATanuM varNana karavAno zirasto hoIne samrATa azoka pachI tenI gAdIe AvanArane ja lagatuM te khyAna hoI zake. prA. bhA. 2/394-5. uparanA avataraNamAM mArImacaDIne prazastimAM priyadarzInuM nAma kalpavA prayAsa karyo che paNa tema karatAM te keTalAM asatya Alekhe che tene khyAla nathI AvyuM. uparanAja avataraNamAM De. bhUlathI ke bedhyAnathI azoka ane priyadarzInI ekatAne svIkAra karI gayA. ahIMyA priyadarzIne azoka pachI gAdIe AvyAnuM mAne che. (vAstavamAM te banne eka ja che, paraMtu asatya-asaMbhava asatya te e AlekhAyuM che ke rAjA bindusArane AkhAne AkhA jAduI maMtrathI gArUDI jema sApane saMtADe tema uDADI dIdhA. eka pachI eka gAdIe AvyAnuM prazastimAM varNana mAnI zuM caMdragupta Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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72 mahAkSatrapa rAjA rudradAmA. pachI tarataja azoka gAdIe AvyA che? athavA Da. zAha azokane caMdraguptano putra mAne che ? A ajJAnanI ke sImA che kharI? azoka ane caMdraguptanA rAjyakALanI vacce caMdraguptanA putra ane azokanA pitA bindusAra kyAM gAyaba karI nAkhyA? ke DokaTaranA mate bindulsAra nAmanI koI vyakti thaIja nathI ane bIjA sthaLemAM bindusAranI hakIkta AlekhI che te asatya che? ane bindusAra jevI kaI vyakti thaI hatI te ane anukramavAra varNanane ziraste mA te tyAM bisAranuM varNana prazastimAM kema na AvyuM? zuM bindusAranI AkhI hakIkta ane ItihAsane lekhaka uDAvI devA mAge che? ane caMdragupta pachI tenI gAdIe sIdhA azokane besADI de che? bIjI vAta, lekhaka Ama zirasto zabda vAparI samrA azoka pachI tenI gAdIe priyadarzIne uttarAdhikArI tarIke manAvavAne IrAdo rAkhe che. zilAlekhamAM jagyA khAlI paDI che te eTalA mATe nahIM ke tyAM keinA nAma ketarAvavAnA heya, paraMtu te jagyA to khAlI eTalA mATe dekhAya che ke ekato zilA khADA khaDIyAvALI hoya ne akSaro na lakhI zakAya tevI jagyA hovAthI jagyA khAlI rAkhavI paDe che. athavA kaI akSaro lakhAyA hoya paraMtu vakhata jatAM, pavana pANInA ghasArAthI akSara ghasAI gayA hoya te jagyA khAlI dekhAya paraMtu temAM zirastAnuM kazu kAraNa nathI. AgaLa jatAM ema nirdeza karela che ke, "pUrva tathA pAzcama AkarAvaMti, anupadeza, Anarta vigere deze teNe potAnA bAhubaLathI tAbe karI lIdhA hatA." kSatrapa rudradAmane pitAnA bAhubaLathI ghaNA deza jItI lIdhA hatA te ApaNe bhale kabala rAkhIe, (joke ApaNuM A mAhitine AdhAra paNa mukhyatve karIne te A sudarzana taLAvane saMzayAtmaka lekhaka ja che) te eTaluM te cokkasa ja che ke, AvA vistRta pradeza upara teNe kadI sattA jamAvI ja nahotI. je keI uparamAMnA keTalAka pradeza athavA pradeza upara tenuM Adhipatya uttara hiMdamAM hatuM te to tenA pitA athavA dAdA taraphathI vArasAmAM ja maLyA hatA, eTale teNe bAhubaLathI jItyA hatA ema naja gaNAya. prA. bhA. 2/35-6. uparanA avataraNamAM deza gaNAvatAM pUrva AkarAvati ane pazcima AkarAvatine deza gaNyA che, tema karavAmAM Akara ane avatine bheda parakhAyo nathI. kharI rIte tene padacheda pUrvaAkara, pazcimaAkara ane avaMti e pramANe dezo alaga pADavAnA che. Akara paNa deza che ne avanti paNa deza che. vaLI rUdradAmAnI prazastine lekhaka saMzayAtmaka lekha mAne che. eTale e prazastine pramANa tarIke te mAnatA nathI. jyAre e lekha saMzayAtmaka che te pachI akhaMDa ne atUTa pUrA zI rIte gaNAvyA che? ke pote dhAre te pramANe ne potAnI kalpanA pramANe

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pikaLa vidhAna prativAda. cha3 prazastine atuTa pUrAvA tarIke ane saMzayAtmaka lekha tarIke gaNavA taiyAra thAya che? etihAsika pramANene paNa Ama pitAnI kalpanA pramANe vALavAne A dhRSTa prayatna nathI ke ? vaLI eka tarapha uparanA pradeze pitAnA bAhubaLathI rUdradAmAe jItI lIdhA ane eja vAkayamAM lakhe che ke AvA vistRta pradeza upara teNe sattA jamAvI ja na hatI. teNe pradeze jItI lIdhA ane sattA jamAvI nahotI ema kahIne lekhaka ze Azaya batAvavA mAge che? vaLI te pradeze tene vArasAmAM maLyA hatA ema kahIne te gajabaja karyo che. eka tarapha lakhe che ke teNe svabaLe jItI lIdhA ane bIjI tarapha lakhe che ke tene vArasAmAM maLyA hatA. A caturmukha vANuM vadI zo artha kADhavA vicAra rAkhe che? - 394 pRSTa upara te lakhyuM che ke "have ApaNe aitihAsika pUrAvAthI jANIe chIe ke rUdradAmananA pitAmaha caRNa mahAkSatrape je je mulake jItI lIdhA hatA, temane moTe bhAga, tenA pitA jayadAmane gumAvI dIdho hato. A kathana ane pUrva avataraNane meLa zI rIte besAraze? eka tarapha dAdAnI milakta bApAe gumAvI dIdhI ane bIjI tarapha bApadAdAnI milakta vArasAmAM maLI A muvamartati vacce rAstA datavA jevuM nathI lAgatuM ? lekhaka AgaLa jatAM divyacakSuthI prazastimAM zAlizukanuM nAma zodhI kADhe che. pahelAM priyadarzInA nAmanI zodha karI have zAlizukanA nAmanI zodha kare che. ane lakhe che ke- "vaLI sudarzana taLAvanI prazastimAM zAlizukanuM nAma joDAyeluM che." prA. bhA. ra/396 ane A zAlizukanuM nAma gotavA mATe buddhi prakAza mAsika ane dI. ba. kezavalAla dhruvanI ADa batAvI che. . uparanuM lakhANa vAMcIne heje ema kahevAnuM mana thaI jAya che ke lekhake prazasti vAMcI joI che kharI ke emane ema dhabeDaye rAkhyuM che? khera AthI be vastu siddha thaI zake che. eka te lekhake mULa prazastinA svayaM darzana nathI karyA lAgatA. ane bIjuM buddhiprakAza" ke dI. ba. dhruvanuM lakhANa keI ghenamAM vAMcyuM lAge che. hakIkate ema che ke prazastimAM zAlizukanuM nAmanizAna nathI ane dI. ba. dhruvanuM paNa tevuM kathana nathI. zrImAna dhuvanuM zAlizuka saMbadhI lakhANa prazasti sAthe saMbaMdha rAkhatuM Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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74 mahAkSatrapa rAjA rudradAmA. nathI, temanuM lakhANa to zAlizukasaMpratino bhAI che e batAvanAruM che. zAlizuka saMpratine bhAI hoya ke game te hoya paNa teno saMbaMdha prazasti sAthe joDavAmAM ane te sAthe dI. ba. dhruvane ghasaDavAmAM kazI sArthakatA nathI. zAlizuka saMpratine bhAI thAya che ke putra thAya che e carcavAne ahIM viSaya nathI. viSaya-muddo te zAlizukanuM nAma prazastimAM che ke nahIM te carcavAno che. zrImAna pravanuM lakhANa e saMbaMdhI kAMI jaNAvatuM nathI, eTale te AdhAra nakAmo che. hA, je zvavasAheba prazastimAM zAlikanuM nAma batAvavAmAM ekamata thatA hota to temano havAlo paNa Apavo vyAjabI hato, A te muMbaIthI kalakattA javA mATe amadAvAdanI gADImAM besavA jevuM karyuM che. lekhaka prazastinA be vibhAga pADatAM jaNAve che ke " prazastinA be vibhAga che. upara pramANe prazaMsA karatA vAkyavALo bhAga ane bIje tulanA karI batAvato bhAga. bane bhAganI lipi paNa judI paDatI dekhAya che. eTale bIta thAya che ke, banne bhAgane ketaravAno samaya bhinna bhinna hovo joIe. prathama bhAga........zAlizuke kotarAvela che, jyAre dvitIya ane aMtano bhAga rUdradAmane kotarAvyuM dekhAya che. prA. bhA. 2/396. uparanA ekaja avataraNamAM eka vakhata prazastinA be bhAga jaNAvyA ane temAMja pharIne traNa vibhAga jaNAvyA, paraMtu keTalI keTalI paMktinA e vibhAga gaNavA te batAvyuM nahIM. sAthe sAthe tenI lipi paNa bhinna bhinna batAvI che. lekhaka pelA skandaguptanA lekhane ane A prazastine eka te nathI gaNI letAne ? vaLI lipinA jJAna vagara lipinI parIkSA karavA nikaLavuM e anadhikAra ceSTA nahIM te bIju zuM ? AkhI e prazasti akhaMDa ne ekaja che tenA be ke traNa vibhAga nathI, tema lipi ekasarakhI che bhASAnI chaTA ne zaili eka sarakhI che. bIjI vicAravAnI vAta to e che ke priyadarzI ke zAlizukanA vakhatamAM saMskRta bhASAmAM zilAlekho ke prazastio lakhAtI hatI ke kema tenuM paNa jJAna lekhakane che kharuM ? rUdradAmAnI A prazasti lakhAyA pahelAne saMskRtamAM lakhAyelo zilAlekha mathurAnA * dI. ba. dhruve a rAkhuM ne badale saurAp sudhArI zAlikane saMbaMdha sairASTa sAthe joDyo che paNa te vicAraNIya che. zAlikano saiArASTra sAthe kazo saMbaMdha ja nahatA, tenI sattA paNa tyAM na hatI. bIjA paNa yupurANa mAM tenuM mana , tati ( hatyA ) nuM saMkarti vigere sudhArA karyo che te carcavAne A prasaMga nathI, chatAM e saurASTra" ne " saMpratinA sudhArAthI De. zAha zAlizukane rASTramAM mAnavA lalacAya ke prazastimAM ghusADavA mathe te te mithyA prayAsa che. '

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pikaLa vidhAnane prativAda. eka nAnA rAjJayUpanA lekha sivAya ItihAsamAM eke hajI maLyo nathI. Da. zAha priyadarzI rAjAnA vakhatamAM lakhAyelo saMskRta zilAlekha meLavI zakayA che kharA? Ama uTapaTAMga vAto ja lakhI che ke itihAsathI kAMI vicAra paNa karyo che kharo? rUdradAmAnA A lekhanA be ke traNa bhAga pADavA, teno bhinna kALa gaNo, ke lipibheda gaNavo e saMbhavitaja nathI chatAM ema mAnI laIe te paNa te lekhanI trIjI ne cothI paMktimAM mahAkSatrapa cananuM ane zAlizuka ne badale rUdradAmAnuM nAma lakhAyuM che, zaka saMvat Ape che te e prathama bhAga kone gaNavo? tenI 11, 12, 13, ane 14mI paMktimAM tenI baLazaktinuM varNana karI e baLa zaktinA pariNAme "mahAkSatrapanI padavI dhAraNa karyAno paMdaramI paMktimAM ullekha che ane teja paMktimAM mahAkSatrapa rudradAmAnuM nAma che to te vacale bhAga kone samajavo? tenI sattaramI paMktimAM mahAkSatrapa zabda paDe che ne 19mI paMktimAM tenA sUbA suvizAkhanuM varNana kareluM che to te aMtane bhAga kene samajavo ? ema pahelA bIjA ne trIjA bhAga (karIe te) mAM rUdradAmAja jyAM hoya tyAM dekhAya che ane zAlikanuM te nAmanizAna nathI. zuM zAlizuke pitAne badaleja bhaviSyamAM thanArA rUdradAmAnuM nAma lakhI nAkhyuM ? zAlizukanI ka95nA lekhakane AvIja zI rIte te samajI zakAtuM nathI. vaLI AgaLa jatAM lekhaka lakhe che kesudarzana taLAvanI prazastine prathama bhAga mahArAjA priyadarzInane ja lagato che. prA. bhA. 2/396. rUdradAmAna ane saMpatinA samaya vacce lagabhaga 300 varSanuM aMtara che. eTale janatAmAM daMtakathArUpe paNa loka kalyANanA AvAM kAryo viSenI hakIkata karNopakarNa taravaratI rahyAMja karatI hoya, ke je uparathI AvA mahAna maryavaMzI samrATanA satkAryono ullekha karavAnu mana, rAjA rUdradAmanane thaI AvyuM paNa heya. ane jethI eka pachI eka samrATanA kAryonuM nivedana karyuM hoya; ane temanI nAmAvaLImAM pitAnuM nAma paNa gauravavaMtu-zetuM karavA mATe, teNe ema darzAvavA icchita dhAryuM hoya eTale uparanA badhA samrATe ke jeoe anya dezo svabaLe jItI lIdhA hatA, temanI mAphaka huM paNa Avo chuM ane meM paNa ItyAdi ItyAdi kAma karyA che, teTaluM jaNAvavA pUrato teno hetu hoya. Ama muMge mahimA vadhAravAno pitAno hetu na hota te rAjA rudradAmane potAnA kAryo judIja khaDaka zilA upara kotarAvyAM paNa heta, paNa ekaja zilA upara kotarAvelA hoIne te sarakhAmaNI karavA mATeja che ema ApaNuM anumAna daDhIbhUta thAya che." prA. bhA. 2/397, * varAtrI mAta. . rU * 15-svayamadhigatamahAkSatrapanAmnA mahAkSatrapeNa rudradAmnA. Shree Sudhammaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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mahAkSatrapa rAjA rudradAmA. A pArigrApha lakhIne te pheMTara zAhe hadaja vALI che. rUdradAmAe je vizALatAthI ne hRdayanI udAratAthI bIjAnA nAme potAnI prazastimAM kotarAvyAM che tene pheMkaTara mahAzaya svArtha, pAkhaMDa ne kaibhAMDa tarIke oLakhAve che. A jhanUnanI parAkASThA nahIM te bIjuM zuM ? eka taraphathI kahe che te prazasti rUdradAmAe kotarAvI nathI, bIjI vakhata kahe che rUdradAmAe prazasti katarAvI to kharI paNa aDadhI zAlizuke ane aDadhI rUdradAmAe ketarAvI, vaLI trIjI vakhata kahe che ke prazasti te rUdradAmAeja ketarAvI paNa te miryavaMzI rAjAonI daMtakathAthI AkarSAIne temanAM satkAryone ullekha karavAnuM tene mana thaI AvyuM mATe ketarAvI. A asaMbaddha pralApa karavAno hetu zo haze te to lekhaka jANe paNa e ItihAsane moTAmAM meTe droha che e temaNe samajI levuM ghaTe. maurya samrAnI daMtakathAothI AkarSAIne temanA kAryono ullekha karavA mATe e prazasti katarAvI hoya ema mAnavAmAM Ave te zuM maurya samrAnuM A taLAva baMdhAvavAnuM ekaja satkArya ItihAsamAM maLyuM che zuM ? Ama lakhIne maurya samrArnI mahattA batAvavA mAge che ke temanA ItihAsane kalaMkita kare che. kAraNa ke A prazasti to sudarzana taLAvanI che. koInI khetI kIrti vadhAravA jatAM tene badanAma karAya che ke guNa gavAya che? vaLI rUdradAmAne zilAlekha te heta to teNe judAja khaDaka upara katarA heta ema lakhIne lekhaka ema batAvavA mAge che ke jhaskandaguptane teja khaDaka upara zilAlekha paNa rAjA priyadarzanoja che ? kAraNa ke skandagupta paNa bIjo khaDaka zo nathI. teNe paNa azoka roka uparaja pitAno lekha kotarAvyuM che. te sanA khaDaka judAja hovA joIe e kAMI niyama che ? jyAM kotaravA lAyaka jagyA maLI jAya tyAM zilAlekha ketarI zakAya. paraMtu tethI keInA gharamAM koIno sAmAna mUkI rAkhe to te sAmAna gharadhaNIne thAya nahIM. AvI bAlizavRttio have choDI devI joIe. "paMkti nava ane dazamImAM je lakhAyA vinAno bhAga rahI gayo che, temAM mahArAjA priyadarzInanuM nAma levuM joIe. kAraNa ke te samrATuM azaka pachI turataja rAjyArUDha thayela che. prA. bhA. 2/397. AgaLa huM kahI gayA ke priyadarzI e azoka pachI gAdIe AvanAra jude koI rAjA ja nathI paNa azoka piteja priyadarzI tarIke oLakhAto hato. arthAta priyadarzI e $azokanuM ja bIju nAma che lekhake 2/282 upara tenI bhinnatA viSe * prA.bhA. 2 pR. 397 upara samudraguptane zilAlekha e pramANe lakhyuM che te beThuM che. skandagupta joIe. $ lekhaka saMprati ne priyadarza mAnatA hoya to te bhrama che.

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77. pikaLa vidhAnone prativAda. lAMbuM vivecana karyuM che te nirarthaka che. have vicAra karIe ke priyadarzI eja azeka hoya ane te ItihAsathI emaja siddha thAya che, te te prazastine rUdradAmAnI prazasti gaNavAmAM vAMdho khare ke ? AgaLa jatAM lakhe che ke " A saghaLAM mahArAjA priyadarzinoja yazogAna rUpe vizeSaNa che te sarva mAtra, tene nAmaneja samagrapaNe lAgu paDI zake tevAM che. bIjA keI rAjAne samagra rIte ane sarvAze lAgu paDe tevAM nathI, tema lAgu paDatAM paNa nathI. prA. bhA. 2/397 ItihAsamAM paNa zuM trAgA maMDAya che ke? pelA phakIre dukAna upara trAgA mAMDe ne kahe ke tamArI IcchA hoya ke na hoya paNa amane Ape. tema A paNa eja barAbara tAla che. ItihAsamAM e hakIkta hoya ke na hoya, paNa te prazasti priyadarzInI che ema manamAnatuM karI manAvavAnuM A paNa eka trAgu che; paNa ema trAgA mAMDaye ItihAsa kazuja manamAnatu karI ApavAno nathI. te paNa bhagavAna mahAvIra jeTalo ja niSpakSa ne vItarAga che. caMdraguptanA sUbA suvizAkhane tene sALo hevAnI kalpanA karatAM lakhe che ke "uparanAja sudarzana taLAvanI prazastimAM caMdragupta rAye je adhikArIe te taLAva baMdhAvyuM che, te adhikArI samrATane sALa thatuM hatuM ema lekhAya che. ane te adhikArI vijAtiya hovAnuM dharAyuM che. paNa A vijAtIya hovAnuM mukhya kAraNa te te adhikArI palava jAtine hovAnuM pate jaNAvyuM che, ane A palavAne IrAnanA pahUlavAjha jANuM vijAtIya TharAvI dIdho che. bAkI kharI rIte te te pavavAjha te licchavI kSatriye ja che. prA. bhA. 2/282. sudarzana taLAvanI prazasti je mahArAjA priyadarzInanA samayanA ketarAyela khaDaka lekha upara (...) jaLavAI rahelI che. temAM te taLAva prathama caMdraguptanA samaye baMdhAveluM hatuM. te samaye tenA bAMdhakAma upara dekharekha rAkhanAra samrATa caMdraguptanA sUbe suvizAkha hato. A sUbAne palava jAtine hovAnuM temAM kotarAvAyuM che. prA. bhA. 2/189. ke. AM. re. prastAvanA pR. 3ramAM resananI mAnyatA mujaba A suvizAkhane rUdradAmana kSatrapano sUba TharAvAya che. paNa temAM sApha lakhyuM che ke azokanA sUbA vizAkhe te samarAvyuM hatuM. prA. bhA. 3/286. * purAtattva pu. 1, pR. 14 upara hIrAlAla tribhuvanadAsa pArekhe " ApaNuM aitihAsika sAhitya" nA mathALAvALA lekhamAM rASTriya zabdano " sALe" evo artha karyo che, te paNa khoTuM che. ahIMyA teno artha " sUbe' athavA gavarnara thAya che. "rASTriya ' zabdano artha "sALe" te nATakanA pAtramAM ja moTe bhAge vaparAya che.

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mahAkSatrapa rAjA rUdradAmA. uparanA avataraNAmAM keTalA gapATA hAMkyAM che? suvizAkha e kene sUtreA hatA ? caMdraguptane ? azAkanA ? ke rUdradAmAnA ? DA. zAha pahelA ne bIjA kavATezanamAM ca'draguptanA sUbe jaNAve che, ne trIjA kavATezanamAM azAkanA sUtre jaNAve che. ane itihAsa rUdradAmAnA sUbA jaNAve che. te suvizAkha keTalA rAjAnA sUbA rahyo ? tenuM AyuSya keTaluM ? e kalpanAne teA javA daie paNa azAkanA sUtre vizAkha Do. zAhu prazastimAM jaNAve che te kayAM ? pAte prazasti joi nathI ane bIjA sAcA vidvAneAne prazastinA dama batAvI pAchA pADavAnI niSuratA keTalI hade vadhArI che ? 78 paNa ema DaeNAkaTara zAha eTalu te anicchAe mAnI gayA che kharA ne ke te samArakAma suvizAkhanA vakhatamAM thayu hatuM ? jo eTaluM mAne te te suvizAkha kone sUbA hatA te ApoApa nakkI thai jaze. kharIrIte te suvizAkha rUdradAmAnA sUbA hatA. arthAt sudarzana taLAva rUdradAmAnA vakhatamAM tenI AjJAthI suvizAkhe tene samarAvyu' hatuM. A lekhaka pote peAtAnIja jALamAM sapaDAya che. cadraguptanA vakhatamAM te suvizAkhanA janma paNa na hatA. tenA sUbA vaizya puSpagupta hatA, azeAkanA sUbA yavana tuSArU hatA. DA. zAha caMdraguptanA sUbAne vaizyagusa ke viSNugupta kahe che te paNa asatya che. teo tene viSNugupta zA mATe kahe che tenA Azaya nIcenA phakarAmAM maLI Ave che. " DaeNA. rAjendralAla mitranA kahevA pramANe....temAM cANakayane lagatI hakIkata che, temAM tenuM nAma viSNugupta jaNAvyuM che.... " sudarzana taLAvanI prazasti uparathI paNa A vAtane puSTi maLatI dekhAya che, eTale ke tenuM kharU nAma viSNugupta hAya tema lAge che. prA. bhA. 2/172. ' DA. rAjendralAle te cANakathanuM nAma viSNugupta heAvAnu jaNAvyuM che. jyAre e viSNuguptanI sAthe DaoNkaTara mahAzaya A prazastinA saMbaMdha joDI, ' puSyagupta ' ne sthAne 'vaizyagupta ' zabda kalpI, vaizya zabdanA 'viSNu ' zabda banAvI 'gupta' zabdane viSNu ' zabda sAthe joDI dai viSNugupta zabda upajAvI kADhyo. ane te viSNugupta cANakayanA paryAya vAMcI banAvI temanA mAnelA viSNugupta sUbAne caMdraguptanA rAjagurU cANakya manAvavAnA irAde te nathI ne ? kAraNa ke prazastimAM te sUbAnuM ja * x paM. 17-20. mahAkSatrapa ...... pArthivena kRtsnAnAmAnartasurASTrANAM pAlanArthaniyuktena pahUlavena saipaputreLAmAyena virAlana ..anuSTitamiti / samagra Anarta te surASTranA rakSaNa mATe nimelA mahAkSatrapa (rUdradAmAnA) pArthiva pallava kulepa putra suvizAkhe badhAvyuM. * vaizya te vakhate saiArASTramAM rahenArI eka jAti hatI. paM. 8. candraguptasya rASTriyeNa vaizyena puSyaguptena / azokasya mauryasya tena yavanarAjena tuSAsphena /

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pikaLa vidhAnane prativAda. lakhANa che, rAjagurUnuM nathI. vaLI viSNugupta nahIM paNa vaizya puSyagupta che. vaLI caMdragupta ane kSatraponA dharma saMbaMdhI prazastine pUrAvA rUpe raju karatA lakhe che ke - caMdragupta samrATa pote jaina dhamI hatA. tema temanA rAjagurU-cANakyajI paNa jaina dhamIMja hatA. A bAbatamAM sudarzana taLAvanI prazasti poteja akhaMDanIya ane atUTa pUrA gaNI zakAya tema che. prA. bhA. 2/185. cakaNavaMzI kSatrapa jainadharma pALatA hatA tenA eka bIjA purAvAmAM sudarzana taLAvanI prazasti paNa lekhI zakAze. prA. bhA. 3/35. caMdragupta kayA dharmano hatuM ke cANakya kayA dharmanA hatA tenI carcAmAM huM ahIM utaravA mAgatA nathI, kSatrapano dharma karyo hovo joIe te meM A pustakamAM "kSatrapino dharma " nAmanA prakaraNamAM pramANapUrvaka carcA karI che, paraMtu te badhAno dharma che hato te prazastithI sAbIta karavuM azakaya che. kevaLa manuSyavadha na karavAnI pratijJAthI avazya dhArmika saMskAra dekhAI Ave che; paraMtu UMkara mahAzaya tenAthI ekeno dharma sAbIta karI zake tema nathI. kAraNa ke e lekha rudradAmA sivAya bIjA koIne nathI. pachI bIjAnA dharmo temAMthI siddha thaI zakatA nathI ane rUdradAmAnI to e prazasti hovAne DaoNkaTara zAha. AgrahapUrvaka InkAra kare che pachI rUdradAmAne dharma ke caTTana vaMzanA kSetra prazastimAM kayAMthI AvyA? temanA dharmanI hakIkata temAM kayAMthI upajI AvI, ahiMsA dharmanA pAlananA purAvA rUpe e prazasti zI rIte thaI ? vaLI kSatraponA ke rUdradAmAnA dharma saMbaMdhI hakIkata mATe prazastine pramANabhUta gaNavAmAM Ave che to tenI bIjI hakIkata saMbaMdhI zA mATe prazastine apramANita mAnavAmAM Ave che ? rUdradAmA tarapha temane ATalo badho veSa kema che ? ke pachI jyAM pitAnuM dhAryuM karavuM hoya tyAM rUdradAmAnI prazastine pramANa gaNu sahAro le ane pitAnA maMtavyamAM ADu AvatuM hoya tyAM tenuM dveSapUrvaka khaMDana karI nAkhavuM Aja vastu nIcenA be avataraNamAM paNa maLI Ave che ke jyAM potAnI kalpanAne anukULa nathI AvatuM tyAM rUdradAmAne kura, ghAtakI, anArya kahIne vakhoDI kADhyo che ane kalapanAne anukULa karavA mATe eja rUdradAmAne ahiMsAdharmanA pAlanamAM AdarzarUpa mAnya che.

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mahAkSatrapa rAjA rudradAmA. raNa saMgrAma sivAya prANAnta paNa manuSyavadha na kare tevI pratijJA teNe lIdhI hatI" A vAkyaja rUdradAmA kSatrapa karatAM samrATa saMpratine vadhAre baMdhabesatuM thaI paDe che je prajAmAMthI te utarI Avyo hato. tevI krUra ane ghAtakI svabhAvavALI anArya jAtinI koI vyaktinuM hRdaya hiMdamAM thoDA varSanA vasavATathI AvI anukaMpA dharAvatuM thaI jAya ema banavA gya che kharuM? prA. bhA. 2/395 ahiMsA dharma pAlana karanAra paNa kSatriyavaTane bhUlAvI de tevAM temaja AzcaryamAM garakAva kare tevAM kAryo karIne, rAjapATa paNa lAvI zake che tenAM daSTAMtarUpa A cakaNane Akho kSatrapa vaMza kahI zakAze. prA. bhA. 3/394. AvI rIte potAne ISTa lAge tema ItihAsane vALavAmAM ItihAsanuM rakSaNa kare che ke ItihAsane droha kare che te sujJajana svayaM samajI zake tema che. potAnI kalpanAne anukULa thAya mATe keIne vakhANuM mUko ke bhAMDavA mAMDavuM ethI ItihAsamAM keTalI vikRti pedA thAya che ? jo ke tethI ItihAsamAM te kazu sudharatuM bagaDatuM nathI paNa lekene bhrAMtimAM nAkhavAno A atiniMdya prayAsa che. temanA sivAya bIjA aitihAsika puruSoe e prazastine vAMcavAmAM ne artha karavAmAM ghaNI gerasamajUtI karI che ne ghaNuM arthane mArI nAkhyo che ema lakhavAnuM sAhasa karatAM jaNAve che ke A sudarzana taLAvanI prazastinA ukelamAM ane artha karavAmAM je gerasamajutio thavA pAmI che....... prA. bhA. 3/286. - te prazastinA vAcana-ukelano je gerasamajuti bharela artha karavAmAM Avyo che tethI keTaleka ItihAsa mAryo gayo che, prA. bhA. 3/395 prazasti anartha eTale "prAcIna bhAratavarSa ' pustakanA lekhake karyo che tene thoDA aMze paNa kaI ItihAsakAre irAdApUrvaka karyo nathI. "cera koTavAlane daMDe " nI nIti akhatyAra karI lekhaka kone kone bhAMDavA nikaLyA che ? pitAne anartho karavA che ane bIjAne bhAMDavA nikaLavuM che. prazastine artha je kAMI karavAmAM Avyo che tethI kaze ItihAsa mAryo gaye nathI. paNa pitAnI kalpanA pramANe prazasti belatI nathI ethI prazasti ke ItihAsakArene doSita gaNavA karatAM potAnI kalpanAne ja dUSita gaNavI vyAjabI che, ne temAM ja prAmANikatA che.

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pikaLa vidhAnane prativAda, kharI rIte e prazasti rUdradAmAnA sUbA suvizAkhe kotarAvI che, te zaka saM. 72 nI che. tenA be ke traNa vibhAga nathI paNa eka ane akhaMDa prazasti che (alabata tene vacale ghaNo bhAga cAlyo gayela che. ) tenI zarUAtamAM-trIjI cothI paMktimAMja mahAkSatrapa caTTana ane rUdradAmAnA nAmo che. tenI vacalI paMktiomAM tenA guNonuM varNana karAyuM che. paMdaramI sattaramI vigere paMktiomAM rUdradAmAnuM nAma ane "mahAkSatrapa" zabda kerAyelA che. te eka avibhakta ne ekaja samaye chaTAbaddha bhASAmAM lakhAyelI-ketarAyelI prazasti che. temAM caMdragupta ne azokanA nAmo to eTalA mATe Ave che ke te prazasti sudarzana taLAvane aMge ketarAyelI hoIne sudarzana taLAvanA baMdhAvanArAnA nAma temAM lakhyAM che, te tenI udAravRttino paricaya Ape che. paraMtu mAno ke te nAma A prazastimAM na ApyAM hota to?--te nAma ApIne to teNe ItihAsanI rakSA karI che, teNe dhAryuM hota to te taLAvano badheja yaza pote laI zakta. ane ApaNane khabara paNa na paData ke caMdragupta ke azokano taLAva sAthe zo saMbaMdha hatA. paraMtu eka mANasa mahemAnane potAno oraDo rahevA mATe Ape te tethI zuM AkhuM makAna mahemAnanuM thaI jAya ke ?, ItihAsamAM paNa AvI lUMTa calAvavAnI vRtti lekhakane sUjI AvI. vaLI DaoN. zAha nIce pramANe lakhe che: "vizeSamAM, samrATa saMprati saMbaMdhamAM ApaNe joI gayA chIe, ke te zrI saMdha sAthe prativarSe zrI giranArajInI yAtrAe jato hato. A sudarzana taLAva paNa te girirAjanI taLeTImAM ja AveluM che. eTale je tene kAMI samarAvavA jevuM hoya te tenI nigAha upara prajAjane te mUkayuM paNa hoya ane loka kalyANa tathA prajAhitanAM kAryo karavAmAM je cIvaTa ane utsAha te dharAvato hato te jotAM, te teNe durasta karAvI ApyuM hoya te temAM kAMI Azcarya pAmavA jevuM paNa nathI. " prAcIna bhA. 2/396. | DaoN. mahAzayanA jaNAvavA mUjaba khaDaka lekha naM. 8 vAMcatA koI paNa jagyAe giranAranuM nAma vAMcavAmAM ke jovAmAM AvatuM nathI. paNa te (azoka-saMprati nahIM ) rAjyAbhiSekanA dazame varSe gayA (jyAM buddhane jJAna prApta thayuM hatuM) yAtrAne mATe gayA hatA, paNa temanA lakhavA mUjaba prativarSa giranAranI yAtrAe jatA hatA te taddana : che. . zAha poteja jenanA reya mahatsava aMkanA pR. 77 mAM saMdhino artha samyakatva kare che jyAre pitAnA uparyukta lakhANamAM yAtrA artha kare che. Ama paraspara virodha bharelA temanA kathanathI svayaM samajI zakAya tema che ke temanuM citta kaye vakhate kayAM bhramaNa karatuM haze. vaLI 3. zAhe potAnA kathananI puSTinA pramANa mATe jaina dharma prasAraka sabhAthI prakAzita thayelA " zrI pariziSTa parva bhASAntara" nA pR. 210 thI 218 no havAlo ApatAM 11

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mahAkSatrapa rAjA rudradAmAM. noTamAM jaNAvyuM che ke -teNe kUvA, taLAva, vAva baMdhAvyA hatA, paraMtu pariziSTa parva vAMcatA temAMthI na to kuvA, na te taLAva, ke na te vAva baMdhAvyAne ullekha maLe che. na jANe DaeN. zAhe kayuM dUrabIna lagAvIne vAMcyuM haze te teoja jANe. prastuta pustakanA lekhaka vidvatsamAjamAM aNamAnItA thaI paDyA hoya ane tethI ukaLI jaI vidvAna upara AkSepa mUkatAM pote trIjA bhAgamAM eka sthaLe lakhe che ke- .....paNa jaNAvavAnuM ke nAmAMkti vidvAne je kAMI tarka vitarka ke kalpanA kare, pachI bhale te bahuja vicitra hoya chatAM tene vidyAnA eka aMza tarIke ja sarve vadhAvI tye che. jyAre koI sAmAnya mANasa bhale satyapUrNa ane pramANika AdhAra sAthenI vAta raju kare, to paNa je te rajUAta pUrvabaddha maMtavyathI bhinna paDatI hoya, to te sUcanane Adara maLavo te eka bAju rahyo, paNa ulaTuM tene toDI pADavAno prayatna karAya che ane hAsyapAtra banAvAya che. A graMthanA lekhaka tarapha vidvAnone Avo vartAva te sAmAnya thaI paDyAnuM mAluma paDayuM che. prA. bhA. 3/358 satyapUrNa ne prAmANika AdhAravALI vastu game te raju kare tene Adara ne sanmAna maLe cheja. pUrvabaddha maMtavyothI bhinna paDe to paNa zuM thayuM ? je vAstavika hakIkata che tene sahu keI svIkAre che. paraMtu tenI pAchaLa ghaTanA ane pramANene AdhAra hovo joIe. jayasvAla Adi bhAratIya vidvAnoe Aje apUrva mAna meLavyuM che. pramANika AdhAre ApI bhalabhalA yUropIana ItihAsavettAone AzcaryamAM nAkhyA che. paraMtu temanA vicAro ane vastuo pAchaLa gUDha anveSaNa ane sacoTa hakIktanuM baLa hatuM. kevaLa kalpanAo ke vitarka, kutaka na hatA. itihAsamAM sAmAnyajJa vizeSajJano bheda nathI, nAnA ke moTAne pakSapAta nathI. ItihAsanI keIpaNa satya hakIkata keIthI teDI zakAtI nathI, je banyuM che te "na banyuM" thatuM nathI-thaI zakatuM nathI. paraMtu AbhAsane ItihAsa tarIke raju karavAmAM Ave ke managhaDaMta kalpanAnA ghaDA kudAvavAmAM Ave te tene Adara na maLe ane hAsyapAtra paNa lekhAya te svAbhAvika che. ItihAsanA pustaka ghaNuM lakhAyAM, ItihAsanA vidvAne paNa ghaNuM che chatAM temanI tarapha nahIM ane prastuta graMthanA lekhaka taraphaja vidvAnone TIkA karavAno avasara zAmATe? temanIja tarapha vidvAnone aNagamo zAmATe thAya? ane thAya to temAM vidvAnane deSa kADhavo ke temanA tarapha TIkA karavI jarUrI nathI-vyAjabI nathI. ItihAsa keIne teDI pADavAnI kozIza karato nathI ane game te mAnyAtA paNa aitihAsika hakIkato upara vitarka ke kutarka karavA jAya yA kalpanA deDAvavA jAya te tene paNa ItihAsa sAMkhI zako nathI. te to keIpaNa jAtanI bheLaseLa vagaranI hakIkata ja mAge che ane evI hakIkata je raju kare-pachI te sAmAnya hoya ke vizeSajJa hoya-tene Adara ne sanmAna ja maLe che. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com