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________________ jainaoNlaoNjI - paricaya (3) saMpAdana DaoN. nalinI jozI sanmati - tIrtha prakAzana, puNe 4
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________________ jainaoNlaoNjI - paricaya (3) uttarAdhyayana-sAra praznasaMca prAkRta vyAkaraNa sahasaMpAdana DaoN. kaumudI baladoTA DaoN anItA botharA saMpAdana DaoN. nalinI jozI sanmati - tIrtha prakAzana, puNe 4
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________________ * jainaoNlaoNjI-paricaya (3) * lekhana aura saMpAdana DaoN. nalinI jozI nidezaka, sanmati-tIrtha * sahasaMpAdana DaoN.anItA botharA DaoN. kaumudI baladoTA * prakAzaka sanmati-tIrtha (jainavidyA adhyApana evaM saMzodhana saMsthA) 844, zivAjInagara, bI.em.sI.sI.roDa phirodiyA hosTela, puNe - 411004 phona naM. - (020) 25671088 * sarvAdhikAra surakSita * prathama AvRtti - 300 pratiyA~ * prakAzana - jUna 2011 * mUlya - 50 rU * akSara saMyojana - zrI. ajaya jozI * mudraka : kalyANI kaoNrporezana 1464, sadAziva peTha puNe - 411030 phona naM. - (020) 24471405
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________________ sampAdakIya baccoM ke lie 'jainaoNlaoNjI praveza' ke pA~ca sAla ke zreNIbaddha pAThyakramoM ke bAda 'jainaoNlaoNjI paricaya' ke pAThyakramoM kA sanmati-tIrtha ne pUre utsAha se aura lagana se nirmANa kiyA / 'jainaoNlaoNjI paricaya' ko TInaejarsa kA aura nayI bahUoM kA acchA rispaoNnsa milA / badalate mAhaula ke anusAra parIkSA kA DhA~cA badalA / dekhate hI dekhate 'jainaoNlaoNjI paricaya (3)', adhyApana kI dhArA meM praveza kara rahA hai / isa kitAba meM prArthanA ke anantara jainadharma kI mUlabhUta jAnakArI dI hai / AzA hai ki, jainadharma kI ye sudRDha va yuvA-varga ko pUrI jiMdagIbhara sAtha degI / prAkRta bhASA kA paricaya, vyAkaraNa aura choTe choTe vAkya denekA prayAsa pichale sAta sAloM se hama dhArAvAhika svarUpa meM kara rahe haiM / isa pustikA meM bhI bharapUra prAkRta vAkyoM ke sAtha vyAkNapATha diyA hai / jaina AgamoM kA sAkSAt jJAna karAne meM ye pATha jarUra madadagAra sAbita hoMge / hiMduoM meM bhagavadgItA kA, bauddhoM meM dhammapada kA aura IsAIyoM meM bAyabala kA jo sthAna hai, vahI jaina dharma ma 'uttarAdhyayana' kA hai / hama cAhate haiM ki yuvA varga ko 'uttarAdhyayanasUtra' kA acchI taraha se prAthamika paricaya ho / praznasaMca banAte samaya sulabhatA aura suvidhA kA khayAla rakhA hai / zikSikA aura vidyArthiyoM ko zubhakAmanAe~ !! zrImAn abhayajI phirodiyA ke prati tahedila se dhanyavAda pradarzita karate haiM / hama jAnate haiM ki "paMkhoM se nahIM, hausaloM se ur3Ana hotI hai / " ApakI vinIta, DaoN. nalinI jozI sanmati - tIrtha mAnada saciva,
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________________ * zikSaka evaM vidyArthiyoM ko sUcanAe~ * 1) sanmati - tIrtha dvArA prakAzita "uttarAdhyayana-sAra" evaM saMbaMdhita praznasaMca sAmane rakhakara hI taiyArI kareM / 2) uttarAdhyayana-sAra meM bahuta kucha jAnakArI dI hai / vaha paDhane kA jarUra prayAsa kareM lekina parIkSA ke lie naye praznasaMca kA hI upayoga kareM / 3) lekhI parIkSA 40 guNoM kI hogI / guNa-vibhAjana sAmAnyataH isa prakAra kA hai / a) uttarAdhyayana- eka-do vAkyoM meM javAba : ba) uttarAdhyayana-gAthA-pAThAMtara evaM lekhana (sirpha 1) : ka) uttarAdhyayana meM likhita choTI kathA (sirpha 1) : Da) jaina dharma kI mUlabhUta jAnakArI i) TippaNa likhie (sirpha 1 ) pha) vyAkaraNapATha 4) pAThyakrama 15 jUna se prAraMbha kareM / parIkSA prAya: pharavarI meM hogI / 5) hara eka vidyArthI ne uttarAdhyayana-sAra evaM praznasaMca kharIdanA Avazyaka hai / : : ********** 12 guNa 10 guNa 02 guNa 08 guNa 04 guNa 04 guNa
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________________ viSayAnukramaNikA viSaya pR.kra. prArthanA jainadharma kI mUlabhUta jAnakArI uttarAdhyayana-sAra-praznasaMca prAkRta bhASA kA vyAkaraNa (a) nAma-vibhakti - vIra, gaMgA, vaNa (ba) kriyApada ke pratyaya - vartamAnakALa, bhUtakALa, bhaviSyakALa, AjJArtha, vidhyartha (ka) vyAkaraNapATha - abhyAsaviSayaka sUcanAe~
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________________ 1.prArthanA saMkalpa ho hamArA , insAna hama baneMge / insAna bana gaye to , bhagavAna bhI baneMge ||dhR.|| ho jaina-bauddha-muslima , hindu ho yA isAI / Apasa meM lagate bhAI , sabako gale mileMge / / 1 / / hama eka hI gagana ke , camake hue sitAre / lagate haiM kitane pyAre , ha~sate rahe haseMge / / 2 / / hama eka hI camana ke , khilate hue sumana hai / lagate haiM kitane pyAre , khilate rahe khileMge / / 3 / / maMdira to eka hI hai , dIpaka haiM nyAre nyAre / lagate haiM kitane pyAre, jalate rahe jaleMge / / 4 / / maMjila to eka hI hai , rasteM haiM nyAre nyAre / lagate haiM kitane pyAre , calate rahe caleMge / / 5 / / hama eka hI jamIM ke , mAnava hai sAre pyAre / saba dila se dila milA ke , milate rahe mileMge / / 6 / / ho rAma zyAma mahAvIra , sabameM hai tU samAyA / terA hI nAma leke , jIvana saphala kareMge / / 7 / / choTA baDA na koI , nA bheda DAlo bhAI / bhAI se bhAI mila ke , baDhate rahe baDheMge / / 8 / / ho gItA kurANa Agama , gurugraMtha ho tripiTaka / insAniyata kI gAthA , hama prema se par3heMge / / 9 / / **********
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________________ 2. jaina dharma kI mUlabhUta jAnakArI prastAvanA : "jainaoNlaoNjI arthAt jainavidyA" abhyAsa kI eka svataMtra zAkhA hai / jainavidyA ke sabhI AyAma hareka abhyAsaka ke hamezA sAmane hone cAhie / pichale sAta sAloM se hamane bahuta jAnakArI to hAsila kI hai, lekina isa paSTha kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki usa jAnakArI kA vargIkaraNa prastuta kiyA hai / jaina itihAsa-purANa ke kucha vyaktimatva AraMbha meM diye haiM / SaDddravya vizva kI 'Realities' haiM / navatattvoM meM naitika (Ethical) aura AdhyAtmika (Spiritual) vicAra nihita haiM / 'karmasiddhAnta' jainadharma kA agrima siddhAnta hai / rAgadveSa, lezyA, kaSAya Adi kI jAnakArI 'karmabandha ke kAraNa ' meM prastuta kI hai / apekSA hai ki isa mAnavIya doSoM se hama dUra rahane kA prayAsa kareM / 'AcAra' - vibhAga sAdhu-AcAra mUlatattva aura zrAvaka - vratoM ke nAma diye haiM / vizeSa sUcanA : isa pATha meM bahuta sAre pAribhASika zabda samAviSTa haiM / unakA zuddha rUpa meM lekhana karanA vidyArthiyoM ke lie AsAna nahIM hai / isa pAThapara AdhArita prazna nimna prakAra ke hoMge 1) ucita joDa lagAie / 2) sahI yA galata batAie / 3) ucita paryAya cunie / varNanAtmaka prazna pUche nahIM jAe~ge / -
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________________ (A) jaina itihAsa-purANa History and Mythology (1) paMca parameSThI - arihaMta siddha AcArya upAdhyAya sAdhu (2) caubIsa tIrthaMkara - 1) zrI RSabhadevajI 2) zrI ajitanAthajI 3) zrI sambhavanAthajI 4) zrI abhinandanajI 5) zrI sumatinAthajI 6) zrI padmaprabhujI 7) zrI supArzvanAthajI 8) zrI candraprabhajI 9) zrI suvidhinAthajI 10) zrI zItalanAthajI 11) zrI zreyAMsanAthajI 12) zrI vAsupUjyajI 13) zrI vimalanAthajI 14) zrI anantanAthajI 15) zrI dharmanAthajI 16) zrI zAntinAthajI 17) zrI kunthunAthajI 18) zrI arahanAthajI 19) zrI mallinAthajI 20) zrI munisuvratajI 21) zrI naminAthajI 22) zrI neminAthajI 23) zrI pArzvanAthajI 24) zrI mahAvIrasvAmIjI (3) gyAraha gaNadhara - 1) zrI indrabhUtijI 2) zrI agnibhUtijI 3) zrI vAyubhUtijI 4) zrI vyaktasvAmIjI 5) zrI sudharmAsvAmIjI 6) zrI maNDitaputrajI 7) zrI mauryaputrajI 8) zrI akampitajI 9) zrI metAryasvAmIjI 10) zrI acalabhrAtAjI 11) zrI prabhAsasvAmIjI (4) tirasaTha zalAkApuruSa - 24 tIrthaMkara 12 cakravartI 9 baladeva (balabhadra, balarAma, haladhara) 9 vAsudeva (nArAyaNa, kezava) 9 prativAsudeva (pratinArAyaNa, pratizatru) 63 digambara paramparA meM inake alAvA 9 nArada, 12 rudra, 24 kAmadeva aura 16 kulakaroM kI bhI avadhAraNA hai / jaina paramparA ne tejasvI aura prasiddha puruSoM ko 'zalAkApuruSa' kahA hai /
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________________ (5) solaha satiyA~ - 1) brAhmI 2) candanabAlA 3) rAjImatI 4) draupadI 5) kauzalyA 6) mRgAvatI 7) sulasA 8) sItA 9) subhadrA 10) zivA 11) kuntI 12) damayantI 13) cUlA 14) prabhAvatI 15) padmAvatI 16) sundarI (B) tattvajJAna (Philosophy) (1) chaha dravya - 1) dharmAstikAya 2) adharmAstikAya 3) AkAzAstikAya 4) kAla 5) pudgalAstikAya 6) jIvAstikAya (2) nau tattva/padArtha - 1) jIva (AtmA) 2) ajIva 3) puNya 4) pApa 5) Asrava 6) saMvara 7) nirjarA 8) bandha 9) mokSa (3) jIva ke mukhya do bheda - 1) saMsArI jIva 2) mukta (siddha) jIva (4) jIva kI cAra gatiyA~ - 1) narakagati 2) tiryaMcagati 3) manuSyagati 4) devagati (5) saMsArI jIva ke do bheda - 1) trasajIva 2) sthAvarajIva (6) ekendriya (sthAvara) jIva ke pA~ca bheda - 1) pRthvIkAyika jIva 2) apkAyika (jalakAyika) jIva 3) tejaskAyika (agnikAyika) jIva 4) vAyukAyika jIva 5) vanaspatikAyika jIva
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________________ (7) trasajIva ke cAra bheda - 1) dvIndriya jIva, udA. zaMkha, laTa, jauMka Adi / 2) trIndriya jIva, udA. cIMTI, makoDA, khaTamala Adi / 3) caturendriya jIva, udA. makkhI, macchara, bicchU Adi / 4) paMcendriya jIva, udA. manuSya, pazu-pakSI Adi / (8) paMcendriya jIva ke do bheda - 1) saMjJI - manasahita jIva, garbhastha paMcendriya 2) asaMjJI - manarahita jIva, ekendriya se caturendriya (9) indriyoM ke pA~ca bheda - 1) sparzanendriya 2) rasanendriya 3) ghrANendriya 4) cakSurindriya 5) zrotrendriya (10) jJAna ke pA~ca bheda - 1) matijJAna (indriya jJAna) 2) zrutajJAna 3) avadhijJAna 4) mana:paryAyajJAna 5) kevalajJAna (11) ajIva ke pA~ca bheda - 1) dharma 2) adharma 3) AkAza 4) kAla 5) pudgala (paramANu) (12) AkAza ke do bheda - 1) lokAkAza 2) alokAkAza (13) kAlacakra ke mukhya do bheda - 1) avasarpiNI kAla 2) utsarpiNI kAla (14) avasarpiNI - utsarpiNI kAla ke chaha Are - 1) suSamA-suSamA 4) duSamA-suSamA 2) suSamA 5) duSamA 3) suSamA-duSamA 6) duSamA-duSamA (15) pudgala (paramANu) ke cAra guNa - 1) sparza (touch) 3) gandha (smell) 2) rasa (taste) 4) varNa (raMga color)
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________________ (1) sparza ke ATha bheda - 1) kaThina (hard) 2) mUdu (soft) 3) guru (heavy) 4) laghu (light) 5) zIta (cold) 6) uSNa (hot) 7) snigdha (viscous, sticky) 8) rUkSa (dry, rough) (2) rasa ke pA~ca bheda - 1) kaDuA (bitter) 2) caraparA (hot) 3) kasailA (astringent) 4) khaTTA (sour) 5) mIThA (sweet) (3) gandha ke do bheda - 1) sugandha (pleasant smell) 2) durgandha (unpleasant smell) (4) varNa ke pA~ca bheda - 1) kAlA (black) 2) nIlA (blue) 3) lAla (red) 4) pIlA (yellow) 5) sapheda (white) (C) karmasiddhAnta (Theory of Karman) (1) karma ke ATha mukhya bheda (mUlaprakRti) - 1) jJAnAvaraNIya karma 2) darzanAvaraNIya karma 3) vedanIya karma 4) mohanIya karma 5) AyuSya karma 6) nAma karma 7) gotra karma 8) antarAya karma (1) jJAnAvaraNIya karma ke pA~ca bheda (uttaraprakRti) - 1) mati-jJAnAvaraNIya-karma 4) mana:paryAya-jJAnAvaraNIya-karma 2) zruta-jJAnAvaraNIya-karma 5) kevala-jJAnAvaraNIya-karma 3) avadhi-jJAnAvaraNIya-karma (II) darzanAvaraNIya karma ke nau bheda (uttaraprakRti) - 1) cakSu-darzanAvaraNIya-karma 6) nidrAnidrA 2) acakSu-darzanAvaraNIya-karma 7) pracalA 3) avadhi-darzanAvaraNIya-karma 8) pracalApracalA 4) kevala-darzanAvaraNIya-karma 9) styAnagRddhi 5) nidrA
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________________ (III) vedanIya karma ke do bheda (uttaraprakRti ) - 1) sAtAvedanIya-karma (IV) mohanIya karma ke do mukhya bheda (uttaraprakRti ) - 1 ) darzanamohanIya karma (v) AyuSya karma ke cAra bheda (uttaraprakRti) - 1) narakAyuSya-karma 2) tiryaMcAyuSya-karma (VI) nAma karma ke do bheda (uttaraprakRti) - 1) zubhanAma-karma 2) azubhanAma-karma (VII) gotra karma ke do bheda (uttaraprakRti) - (1) uccagotra - karma 2) nIcagotra-karma (VIII) aMtarAya karma ke pA~ca bheda (uttaraprakRti) - 1) dAnAntarAya - karma 2) lAbhAntarAya - karma 3) bhogAntarAya - karma (2) ghAti - aghAti - karma - cAra ghAti - karma - 1) jJAnAvaraNIya (1) AtmA ke do zatru - 1) rAga (2) lezyA ke chaha bheda 1) kRSNalezyA 2) nIlalezyA 3) kApotalezyA (3) cAra kaSAya - 1) krodha 2) mAna 4) antarAya 2) darzanAvaraNIya cAra aghAti-karma - 1) vedanIya 3) nAma 2) AyuSya 4) gotra (D) karmabandha ke hetu (Causes of Karmic bondage) 2) dveSa (4) tIna yoga 1) kAyayoga 4) upabhogAntarAya-karma 5) vIryAntarAya-karma - 3) manuSyAyuSya-karma 4) devAyuSya-karma pItalezyA 5) padmalezyA 6) zuklalezyA 3) mAyA 4) lobha 3) mohanIya 2) vacanayoga 3) manoyoga 2) asAtAvedanIya-karma 2) cAritramohanIya karma
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________________ (5) sapta vyasana - 1) madyapAna 2) mAMsabhakSaNa 3) vezyAgamana 4) parapuruSagamana/parastrIgamana 5) zikAra 6) juA 7) corI (E) AcAra (Observance or Conduct) (1) ratnatraya - 1) samyak-darzana 2) samyak-jJAna 3) samyak-cAritra (2) pA~ca mahAvrata - 1) prANAtipAta-viramaNa (ahiMsA) 2) mRSAvAda-viramaNa (satya) 3) adattAdAna-viramaNa (asteya, acaurya) 4) maithuna-viramaNa (brahmacarya) 5) parigraha-viramaNa (aparigraha) (3) pA~ca samiti - 1) IryA-samiti 2) bhASA-samiti 3) eSaNA-samiti 4) AdAna-nikSepa samiti 5) utsarga-samiti (4) tIna gupti - 1) manogupti 2) vacanagupti 3) kAyagupti 6) saMyama (5) dazavidha dharma - 1) kSamA 2) mArdava 3) Arjava 4) zauca 5) satya 7) tapa 8) tyAga 9) AkiMcanya 10) brahmacarya (6) bAraha anuprekSA (bhAvanA) - 1) adhruva bhAvanA 2) azaraNa bhAvanA 3) ekatva bhAvanA 4) anyatva bhAvanA 5) saMsAra bhAvanA 6) loka bhAvanA 7) azuci bhAvanA 8) Asrava bhAvanA 9) saMvara bhAvanA 10) nirjarA bhAvanA 11) dharma bhAvanA 12) bodhi bhAvanA
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________________ (7) chaha AbhyaMtara tapa - 1) prAyazcitta 2) vinaya 3) vaiyAvRtya 4) svAdhyAya 5) kAyotsarga (vyutsarga) 6) dhyAna (8) chaha bAhya tapa 1) anazana 2) UnodarI 3) bhikSAcaryA 4) rasaparityAga 5) viviktazayyAsana 6) kAyakleza (9) zrAvakAcAra (a) zrAvaka ke bAraha vrata (zvetAmbara)(1) pA~ca aNuvrata - 1) sthUla-prANAtipAta-viramaNa-vrata 2) sthUla-mRSAvAda-viramaNa-vrata 3) sthUla-adattAdAna-viramaNa-vrata 4) sthUla-maithuna-viramaNa-vrata 5) parigraha-parimANa-vrata (2) tIna guNavrata - 6) digvata 7) bhogopabhoga-parimANa-vrata 8) anarthadaNDavirati-vrata (3) cAra zikSAvrata 9) sAmAyika-vrata 10) dezAvakAzika-vrata 11) pauSadha-vrata 12) atithisaMvibhAga-vrata (ba) gyAraha pratimA (digambara) - 1) darzana-pratimA 2) vrata-pratimA 3) sAmAyika-pratimA 4) proSadha-pratimA 5) sacittatyAga-pratimA 6) rAtribhojanatyAga-pratimA 7) brahmacarya-pratimA 8) ArambhatyAga-pratimA 9) parigrahatyAga-pratimA 10) anumatityAga-pratimA 11) uddiSTatyAga-pratimA **********
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________________ 3. uttarAdhyayana- sAra - praznasaMca a) : uttarAdhyayanasUtra kI nimnalikhita gAthAe~ kaMThastha karake zuddha rUpa meM likhie / 1) cattAri paramaMgANi, dullahANIha jaMtuNo / mANusattaM suI saddhA, saMjamammi ya vIriyaM / / 2) mANusattaM bhave mUlaM, lAbho devagaI bhave / mUlaccheeNa jIvANaM, naraga-tirikkhattaNaM dhuvaM / / 3) jahA lAho tahA loho, lAhA loho pavaDDhaI / domAsaka kajjaM, koDIe vi na niTThiyaM / / 4) jassatthi maccuNA sakkhaM, jassa va'tthi palAyaNaM / jo jAna marissAmi, so hu kaMkhe sue siyA / / 5) samayAe samaNo hoi, baMbhacereNa baMbhaNo / nANeNa ya muNI hoi, taveNa hoi tAvaso / ********** ba) : eka-do vAkyoM meM vastuniSTha javAba likhie / ('uttarAdhyayana-sAra' kitAba ke prastAvanA para AdhArita prazna) 1) 'uttarAdhyayana' grantha kaunasI bhASA meM hai ? 2) uttarAdhyayana ke bAre meM kaunasI mAnyatA pracalita hai ? 3) uttarAdhyayana ko 'mUlasUtra' kyoM kahA hai ? 4) uttarAdhyayana meM kitane adhyayana haiM ? 5) uttarAdhyayana para saMskRta TIkA kisane likhI ? 6) uttarAdhyayana para prAkRta TIkA kisane likhI ? 7) zvetAmbara paramparA meM 'uttarAdhyayana' kaba paDhA jAtA hai ? 8 ) uttarAdhyayana kI tulanA kaunase bauddha aura hiMdu granthoM se kI jAtI hai ? 'uttarAdhyayana-sAra' kitAba meM aMtarbhUta adhyayanoM para AdhArita prazna 1) maMgalAcaraNa meM kinako bhAvapUrvaka praNAma kiyA hai ? (gA. 1) 2) 'caturaMgIya' adhyayana meM kaunase cAra parama durlabha aMgoM kA nirdeza hai ? (gA. 2) 3) ajJAnI jIva kI tulanA 'bakare' se kyoM kI hai ? (pR.24, TippaNa) 4) 'mUla dhana' kise kahA hai ? mUla dhana kA nAza karanevAle jIvoM kI kyA gati hotI hai ? (gA. 19) 5) 'kApilIya' adhyayana kA upadeza kisane diyA hai ? kinheM diyA hai ? (pR.28) (2) (12)
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________________ 6) kapilamuni khuda ke kaunase soca para lajjita hue ? (pR.30) 7) bhogoM meM Asakta manuSya ko kaunasI upamA dI hai ? (gA.25) 8) saMsArasamudra pAra karanevAle sAdhu ko kisakI upamA dI hai ? (gA.26) 9) manuSya ke jIvita ko drumapatraka kI upamA kyoM dI hai ? (gA.30) 10) jIvana kI kSaNabhaMguratA spaSTa karane ke lie kaunasA dRSTAnta diyA hai ? (gA.31) 11) 'nirupakrama Ayu' kise kahate haiM ? (pR.38, TippaNa) 12) 'sopakrama Ayu' kise kahate haiM ? (pR.38, TippaNa) 13) 'drumapatraka' adhyayana meM kaunasI padAvali bAra-bAra AyI hai ? usakA artha likhie / 14) 'zAradika kumuda' ke udAharaNa se bha. mahAvIra ne gautama gaNadhara ko kyA samajhAyA ? (gA.35) 15) iSukArIya' adhyayana kI kathA kaunase chaha vyaktiyoM se sambandhita hai ? (pR.42, pariccheda 1) 16) purohita apane putroM ko kisa prakAra kA jIvana bitAne ko kahatA hai ? (gA.42) 17) purohitaputra apane pitA ko kaunasA javAba dete haiM ? (gA.43) 18) 'jassatthi maccuNA sakkha' isa gAthA kA tAtparya likhie / (pR.50, TippaNa) 19) purohita patnI ke mana meM kisa kAraNa virakti ke bhAva utpanna hote haiM ? (gA.52) 20) rAnI kamalAvatI, kaunase ghRNita zabdoM meM iSukAra rAjA kI niMdA karatI hai ? (gA.53) 21) kamalAvatI rAnI, iSukAra rAjA kA lobha kisa zabdoM meM vyakta karatI hai ? (gA.54) 22) 'saMjayIya' adhyayana ke do bhAga spaSTa kIjie / (pR.56,57) 23) pratyekabuddha' kinheM kahate haiM ? (pR.58, TippaNa) 24) uttarAdhyayana ke teIsaveM adhyayana kA nAma kezi-gautamIya' kyoM rakhA gayA hai ? (pR.60, prastAvanA) 25) kezIkumAra aura gautama gaNadhara kinake pratinidhi the ? (pR.60, prastAvanA) 26) bha. pArzvanAtha praNIta cauthA bahidAdANa viramaNa vrata. bha. mahAvIra ne kaunase do mahAvratoM meM spaSTata: vibhakta kiyA ? (pR.62, TippaNa) 27) prathama tIrthaMkara bha. RSabhadeva ke sAdhu Rju-jaDa the' - spaSTa kIjie / (pR.63, TippaNa) 28) 'aMtima tIrthaMkara bha. mahAvIra ke sAdhu vakra-jaDa the' - spaSTa kIjie / (pR.63, TippaNa) 29) 'madhya ke bAIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke sAdhu Rju-prAjJa the' - spaSTa kIjie / (pR.63, TippaNa) 30) sAdhu ke vastra ke bAre meM vardhamAna aura pArzvanAtha kI kaunasI dhAraNAe~ thI ? (gA.64 kA artha) 31) 'kezi-gautamIya' adhyayana ke aMtima do gAthAoM meM kaunasA aitihAsika tathya nirdiSTa kiyA hai ? (pR.65,66) 32) muni jayaghoSa ne kaunakaunase mahattvapUrNa zabdoM kA saccA artha, brAhmaNa vijayaghoSa ko batAyA ? (pR.67, pariccheda 4) 33) yajJIya' adhyayana kI gAthAoM meM kaunasI padAvali bAra-bAra punarAvRtta huI hai ? 34) jIvoM kA saMkSepa jJAna' kaunasA hai ? (pR.70, TippaNa, prathama pariccheda) 35) jIvoM kA saMgraha jJAna' kaunasA hai ? (pR.70, TippaNa, pariccheda 2) 36) 'sacitta' kise kahate haiM ? kucha udAharaNa dIjie / (pR.71, TippaNa) 37) acitta' kise kahate haiM ? kucha udAharaNa dIjie / (pR.71, TippaNa) 38) na vi muMDieNa samaNo' - isa gAthA kA tAtparyArtha samajhAie / (pR.71, gA.81, TippaNa) 39) zramaNa', 'brAhmaNa', 'muni' aura 'tApasa' ina cAroM ke mukhya lakSaNa likhie / (gA.82, artha) 40) SaT (6) AvazyakoM ke sirpha nAma likhie / (pR.76, prastAvanA) 41) 'sAmAyika' zabda kA mUlagAmI artha likhie / (pR.76, prastAvanA)
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________________ 42) caturviMzati-stava meM kinakI stuti kI jAtI hai ? (pR.76, prastAvanA) 43) 'vandanA' kise kahate haiM ? (pR.76-77, prastAvanA) 44) pratikramaNa karane ke pIche kaunasI bhAvanA hotI hai ? (pR.77, prastAvanA) 45) 'kAyotsarga' kA nAmAnusArI artha batAie / (pR.77, prastAvanA) 46) pratyAkhyAna' zabda kA artha saMkSepa meM batAie / (pR.77, prastAvanA) * TIpa : 'samyaktvaparAkrama' adhyayana meM SaDAvazyakoM ke phaloM ke bAre meM jo vivecana kiyA hai, vaha zikSaka klAsa meM spaSTa kareM / unapara AdhArita prazna nahIM pUchA jaayegaa| * 'pramAdasthAna' adhyayana para prazna pUche nahIM jAe~ge / lekina zikSaka pramAda' zabda kA vyAvahArika artha samajhAie / 'drumapatraka' adhyayana meM bhI pramAda aura apramAda kA vizeSa spaSTIkaraNa diyA hai / 47) 'karma' kise kahate haiM ? karmoM ke ATha mukhya prakAra likhie / (pR.87, TippaNa aura artha) ********** ka) baDe prazna : (1) nimnalikhita kathAoM meM se koI bhIeka kathA sAta-ATha vAkyoM meM likhie / 1) gAya-bachaDe kA saMvAda / (pR.21) 2) bhikhArI aura kArSApaNa / (pR.22) 3) rAjA aura apathyakAraka Ama / (pR.22) 4) tIna vyApArI putra / (pR.22-23) 5) kapila muni aura pA~ca sau cora / (pa.28. pariccheda 3) 6) lezyAoM ke bAre meM jAmana kA peDa aura chaha lakaDahAroM kI kathA / (II) nimnalikhita viSayoM meM se kisI eka viSayapara pA~ca-chaha vAkyoM meM TippaNa likhie| 1) vaidika yA brAhmaNa saMskRti kI pA~ca pramukha vizeSatAe~ / (pR.44-45) 2) zramaNa saMskRti kI pA~ca pramukha vizeSatAe~ / (pR.45) 3) 'karakaNDu kI pratyekabuddhatA / (pR.58) 4) 'dvimukha' kI pratyekabuddhatA / (pR.58) 5) 'videharAja nami' kI pratyekabuddhatA / (pR.58) 6) rAjA 'naggaI' kI pratyekabuddhatA / (pR.58) 7) brAhmaNa 'jayaghoSa' kI jinazAsana meM dIkSA / (pR.67, pariccheda 2) 8) yajJIya' adhyayana meM cAroM varNoM ke bAre meM dhAraNAe~ / (gA.83, artha aura TippaNa)
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________________ 4. vyAkaraNa-pATha (prAthamika paricaya) 'jainaoNlaoNjI praveza' pAThyakrama ke prathamA se paMcamI taka ke kitAboM meM hamane kucha prAkRta vAkya sIkheM aura uke artha bhI dhyAna meM rakhane kA prayatna kiyA / jainaoNlaoNjI paricaya' pAThyakrama meM hama prAkRta ke vyAkaraNasaMbaMdhI adhika jAnakArI leMge tAki bhaviSya meM jaba kabhI AgamagraMtha paDhane kA maukA mileM taba unakA artha samajhane meM AsAnI hogI 'prAkRta' zabda kA artha hai sahaja, svAbhAvika bolacAla kI bhASA / bha. mahAvIra ne apane upadeza saMskRta bhASA meM nahIM diye / saba samAja ko samajhane ke lie unhoMne bolIbhASA apanAyI / bha. mahAvIra ke upadeza 'ardhamAgadhI' nAma kI bhASA meM the / usa samaya vaha bhASA samajhane meM sulabha thI / usakA vyAkaraNa bhI saMskRta bhASA jaisA jaTila nahaM thA / jaina AcAryoM ne kaI sadiyoMtaka prAkRta bhASA meM graMtha likhe / prAkRta bhASA eka nahIM thI / pradeza ke asAra ve aneka thI / Aja bhI hama hiMdI, marAThI, mAravADI, gujarAtI, rAjasthAnI, bAMgalA Adi bhASAe~ bolate haiM, ve Adhunika prAkRta bhASAe~ hI haiM / (a) nAma - vibhakti (Case-declension) prAkRta vAkyoM meM mukhyata: do ghaTaka hote haiM - nAma (noun) aura kriyApada (dhAtu)(verb) / nAmoM kA vAkya meM upayoga karane ke lie use kucha pratyaya lagAne par3ate haiM / use 'vibhakti' (Case-declension) kahate haiM / prAkRta meM sAmAnyata: sAta vibhaktiyA~ haiM - prathamA, dvitIyA, tRtIyA, paMcamI, SaSThI, saptamI, saMbodhana / prAkRta meM sAmAnyata: catarthI vibhakti ke pratyaya nahIM pAye jAte / caturthI ke badale SaSThI vibhakti ke rUpa upayoga meM lAte haiM / hara eka vibhakti kA artha dUsarI vibhakti se alaga hotA hai / isalie ki hamAre mana ke yathArtha bhAva hama dUsare vyaktitaka pahu~cA sakate haiN| hara eka nAma ke do vacana hote haiM - ekavacana (singular) aura anekavacana (bahuvacana) (plural) prAkRta bhASA meM saMskRta yA marAThI kI taraha tIna liMga (gender) hote haiM - puMliMga (masculine), strIliMga (feminine), napuMsakaliMga (neutor) / hiMdI meM do liMga hote haiM - paMliMga aura strIliMga /
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________________ akArAnta puM. 'vIra' zabda vibhakti ekavacana anekavacana prathamA (Nominative) vIro, vIre (eka deva) dvitIyA (Accusative) vIraM tRtIyA (Instrumental) paMcamI (Ablative) vIrA (aneka deva) vIre, vIrA (vIroM ko) vIrehi, vIrehi (vIroM ne) vIrehito (vIroM se) vIrANa, vIrANaM (vIroM kA) vIresu, vIresuM (vIroM meM,vIroM para) vIrA (he vIroM !) (vIra ko) vIreNa, vIreNaM (vIra ne) vIrA, vIrAo (vIra se) vIrassa (vIra kA) vIre, vIraMsi, vIrammi (vIra meM, vIra para) vIra (he vIra !) SaSThI (Genitive) saptamI (Locative) saMbodhana (Vocative) deva, rAma, jiNa (jinadeva), dhamma (dharma), vANara (baMdara, vAnara), sIha (siMha), sUriya (sUrya), caMda (caMdra), gaya (gaja, hAthI), samaNa (zramaNa), vaNNa (varNa, raMga), hattha (hAtha), loga (loka), meha (megha), Asa (azva, ghoDA), sarIra (zarIra), vaggha (vAgha), Isara (Izvara), kova (kopa), Ayariya (AcArya), kaDaya (kaTaka, sainya) ye saba akArAnta (aMta meM 'a' svara AnevAle) paMliMgI zabda uparokta 'vIra' zabda ke anusAra likhie / nAma-vibhakti (Case-declension) (1) prathamA vibhakti : (Nominative) kartAkAraka (yahA~ vAkya kA 'kartA' prathamA vibhakti meM hai / ) 1) kiMkaro aDaM khaNai / naukara kuA~ khanatA hai| 2) vANarA rukkhesu vasaMti / baMdara vRkSa para rahate haiN|
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________________ (2) dvitIyA vibhakti : (Accusative) karmakAraka (yahA~ vAkya kA 'karma' dvitIyA vibhakti meM hai / ) 1) bhatto rAmaM pUei / bhakta rAma ko pUjatA hai / 2) sIho mige bhakkhai / siMha mRgoM ko khAtA hai / (3) tRtIyA vibhakti : (Instrumental) karaNakAraka (yahA~ kriyA kA 'sAdhana' tRtIyA vibhakti meM hai / ) 1) vijjA viNaeNa sohai / vidyA vinayena zobhate / 2) sulasA nettehiM pAsai / sulasA netroMdvArA dekhatI hai / 4) paMcamI vibhakti : (Ablative) apAdAnakAraka (cIja jisa sthala se dUra jAtI hai, usa sthala kI vibhakti paMcamI' hai / ) 1) jaNA sIhAo bIhaMti / loga siMha se Darate haiN| 2) titthayarehiMto logA dhammaM jANiMsu / tIrthaMkaroM se logoM ne dharma jAnA / (5) SaSThI vibhakti : (Genitive) sambandhakAraka (do vyakti yA cIjoM kA sambandha' SaSThI vibhakti se sUcita hotA hai / ) 1) siddhattho khattio samaNassa mahAvIrassa jaNao Asi / siddhArtha kSatriya zramaNa mahAvIra ke janaka the / 2) sIlaM narANaM bhUsaNaM / zIla manuSyoM kA bhUSaNa hai /
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________________ (6) saptamI vibhakti : (Locative) adhikaraNakAraka (jisa kSetra yA sthala meM rahanA hai, jo cIja AdhArabhUta hai, usakI 'saptamI' vibhakti upayojita kI jAtI hai / ) 1) sAvigAe maNaM dhamme/dhammaMsi/dhammami ramai / zrAvikA kA mana dharma meM ramatA hai / 2) mAyA puttesu vIsasai / mAtA putroM para vizvAsa rakhatI hai / (7) saMbodhana vibhakti : (Vocative) nimaMtraNa, saMbodhana (kisI ko bulAne ke lie saMbodhana' vibhakti hotI hai / ) 1) niva ! pasanno hosu / he nRpa ! prasanna ho jaao| 2) mehA ! kAlesu varisaha / he meghoM ! samayapara baraso / vibhakti prathamA (Nominative) dvitIyA (Accusative) AkArAnta strI. 'gaMgA' zabda ekavacana gaMgA (eka gaMgA) gaMga tRtIyA (gaMgA ko) gaMgAe (gaMgA ne) gaMgAe, gaMgAo (gaMgA se) anekavacana gaMgA, gaMgAo (aneka gaMgA) gaMgA, gaMgAo (gaMgAoM ko) gaMgAhi, gaMgAhiM (gaMgAoM ne) gaMgAhiMto (gaMgAoM se) gaMgANa, gaMgANaM (gaMgAoM kA) gaMgAsu, gaMgAsuM (gaMgAoM meM) gaMgA, gaMgAo (he gaMgAoM !) (Instrumental) paMcamI (Ablative) SaSThI (Genitive) saptamI (Locative) saMbodhana (Vocative) gaMgAe (gaMgA kA) gaMgAe (gaMgA meM) gaMgA, gaMge (he gaMgA !) isI taraha sAlA (zAlA), bAlA, pUyA (pUjA), devayA (devatA), kannA (kanyA), layA (latA), sAhA (zAkhA), jauNA (jamunA), bhajjA (bhAryA, patnI), seNA (senA), majjAyA (maryAdA), nAvA, chAyA, vijjA (vidyA), nehA (snehA), mahurA (madhurA, mathurA), kivA (kRpA, dayA), payA (prajA), bhAriyA (bhAryA, patnI), susIlA (suzIlA) i.
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________________ AkArAnta strIliMgI zabda uparokta 'gaMgA' zabda ke anusAra likhie / (1) prathamA vibhakti : (Nominative) kartAkAraka 1) gaMgA himAlayAo niggacchai / gaMgA himAlaya se nikalatI hai / 2) kannAo pADhasAlaM gacchaMti / kanyAe~ pAThazAlA jAtI haiM / (2) dvitIyA vibhakti : (Accusative) karmakAraka 1) pahiyA chAyaM icchaMti / pathika chAyA kI icchA karate haiM / 2) mAlAyAro mAlA/mAlAo guMphai / mAlAkAra (mAlI) mAlAoM ko gUMthatA hai / (3) tRtIyA vibhakti : (Instrumental) karaNakAraka 1) darido jaNANaM kivAe jIvai / daridrI logoM kI kRpA se jItA hai / 2) rukkho sAhAhiM sohai / vRkSa zAkhAoM se zobhatA hai| (4) paMcamI vibhakti : (Ablative) apAdAnakAraka 1) layAe pupphAiM nivaDaMti / latA se phUla girate haiN| 2) devayAhiMto logA varAI lahaMti / devatAoM se loga varoM ko prApta karate haiM / (5) SaSThI vibhakti : (Genitive) saMbaMdhakAraka 1) jauNAe jalaM mahuraM / jamunA kA pAnI madhura hai /
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________________ 2) nAvANaM kaDaeNaM rAyA jiNai / naukAoM ke sainya se rAjA jItA hai / (6) saptamI vibhakti : (Locative) adhikaraNakAraka 1) chatto majjAyAe vaTTejjA / chAtra maryAdA meM raheM / 2) khagANaM nIDA sAhAsu sohaMti / pakSiyoM ke ghoMsale zAkhAoM para zobhate haiM / (7) saMbodhana vibhakti : (Vocative) nimaMtraNa, saMbodhana 1) bhajje ! turiyaM Agacchasu / bhArye ! jaldI aao| 2) kannA/kannAo ! ajjhayaNaM kareha / kanyAo ! adhyayana karo / vibhakti prathamA (Nominative) dvitIyA (Accusative) akArAnta napuM. 'vaNa' zabda ekavacana vaNaM (eka vana) vaNa tRtIyA (Instrumental) paMcamI (Ablative) SaSThI (Genitive) saptamI (Locative) saMbodhana (Vocative) (vana ko) vaNeNa, vaNeNaM (vana ne) vaNA, vaNAo (vana se) vaNassa (vana kA) vaNe, vaNaMsi, vaNammi (vana meM, vana para) vaNa (he vana !) anekavacana vaNAI, vaNANi (aneka vana) vaNAI, vaNANi (vanoM ko) vaNehi, vaNehiM (vanoM ne) vaNehiMto (vanoM se) vaNANa, vaNANaM (vanoM kA) vaNesu, vaNesuM (vanoM meM, vanoM para) vaNAI, vaNANi (he vanoM !) isI taraha puppha (puSpa), paNNa (parNa, pAna), ghara, ujjANa (udyAna), kamma (karma), sIla (zIla), puNNa (puNya), phala, guNa, dANa (dAna), bala, maMsa (mAMsa), majja (madya), rajja (rAjya), potthaga (pustaka), pAva (pApa),
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________________ suvaNNa (suvarNa), naha (nabha, AkAza ), maNa (mana), maMdira i. akArAnta napuMsakaliMgI zabda uparokta 'vaNa' zabda ke anusAra likhie / (1) prathamA vibhakti : (Nominative ) kartAkAraka 1) vaNaM ramaNIyaM / vana ramaNIya hai / 2) ujjANAiM/ ujjANANi nayarassa hiyayAI / udyAna nagara kA hRdaya hai / (2) dvitIyA vibhakti : ( Accusative) karmakAraka 1) aggI vaNaM Dahai / agni vana jalAtI hai / 2) te vivihAiM phalAI ANeMti / ve vividha phala lAte haiM / (3) tRtIyA vibhakti : ( Instrumental) karaNakAraka 1) vaNeNa viNA kiM kaTThe lahai ? vana ke sivA kyA kASTha milegA ? 2) ajja puNNehiM mae guru diTTho / Aja puNya se mujhe gurU dikhAI diye / (4) paMcamI vibhakti : ( Ablative ) apAdAnakAraka 1) so vaNAo Agacchai / vaha vana se lauTatA hai / 2) vaNehiMto jANaM bahulAho hoi / vanoM se logoM ko bahuta lAbha hotA hai / (5) SaSThI vibhakti : ( Genitive) saMbaMdhakAraka 1) dhaNassa ciMtAe so mao / dhana kI ciMtA se vaha mara gayA /
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________________ 2) vaNANaM sohA pekkhiuM sIyA tattha gayA / vanoM kI zobhA dekhane ke lie sItA vahA~ gayI / (6) saptamI vibhakti : (Locative ) adhikaraNakAraka 1) va sIhA gajjati / vana meM siMha garjanA karate haiM / 2) migA vaNesu ramaMti / mRga vanoM meM ramate haiM / (7) saMbodhana vibhakti : ( Vocative) nimaMtraNa, saMbodhana 1) puppha ! tumaM jaNANaM ANaMda desi / he puSpa ! tuma logoM ko AnaMda dete ho / 2) paNNAI ! savvANaM sIyalaM chAyaM appeha / he parNoM ! sabako zItala chAyA pradAna karo / (ba) kriyApada ke pratyaya (Verb - declesion) bhASA meM vAkya banane ke lie dUsarA mahattvapUrNa ghaTaka hai 'kriyApada' / 1) vAkya meM kriyApada prayukta karane ke lie prathamata: 'kAla' dekhanA paDatA hai / prAkRta meM tIna mukhya kAla haiM vartamAnakAla (present tense), bhUtakAla (past tense) aura bhaviSyakAla (future tense) / isake atirikta 'AjJArtha' aura 'vidhyartha' bhI hote 1 2) kriyA ke rUpa prayoga karate hue ekavacana (singular) yA anekavacana (plural) kA upayoga karanA paDatA hai / 3) kriyA ke rUpa hamezA prathamapuruSa (first Person), dvitIya puruSa (second Person), yA tRtIya puruSa (third Person) meM prayukta hote haiM / isa pATha meM hama vartamAnakAla, bhUtakAla, bhaviSyakAla, AjJArtha aura vidyartha ke pratyaya, kriyApada ta vAkya de rahe haiM / vAkya paDhate samaya kriyA, vacana tathA puruSa kA vizeSa dhyAna rakheM / vartamAnakAla : (Present Tense) jo kriyA hama abhI kara rahe haiM, usake lie vartamAnakAla kA prayoga hotA hai / jaise ki - 'bAlagA mahAvIraM vaMdaMti / ' isakA artha hiMdI meM hama isa prakAra likheMge - 'bAlaka mahAvIra ko vaMdana karate haiM / '
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________________ jo kriyA hama hamezA karate haiM, unake lie bhI vartamAnakAla kA prayoga hotA hai / jaise ki - 'ahaM paidiNa bhuMjAmi / ' isakA artha hiMdI meM hama isa prakAra likheMge - 'maiM pratidina bhojana karatA huuN|' kAlika satya vidhAnoM ke lie bhI hama vartamAnakAla kA upayoga karate haiM / jaise ki- 'maNussA maraNasIlA havaMti / ' (manuSya maraNazIla hote haiM / ) 'siyAlo dhutto hoi / ' (siyAra dhUrta hotA hai / ) vartamAnakAla ke pratyaya puruSa ekavacana anekavacana prathama puruSa dvitIya puruSa tRtIya puruSa aMti sarvanAmasahita vartamAnakAla ke kriyArUpa dhAtu (kriyApada) : puccha (pUchanA) puruSa prathama puruSa dvitIya puruSa tRtIya puruSa ekavacana (ahaM) pucchAmi / (tuma) pucchasi / (so) pucchai / anekavacana (amhe, vayaM) pucchAmo / (tumhe) pucchaha / (te) pucchaMti / nimnalikhita kriyApada 'pRccha (pUchanA)' kriyApada ke samAna upayojita kiye jAte haiM - pAsa (dekhanA), gaccha (jAnA), Agaccha (AnA), khaNa (khananA), khiva (pheMkanA), geNha (grahaNa karanA), ciTTha (khaDe honA), jANa (jAnanA), dhAva (dauDanA), paDha (paDhanA), phusa (sparza karanA), bhAsa (bolanA), bhaNa (bolanA), vasa (rahanA), haNa (mAranA, hanana karanA), vaMda (vaMdana karanA) prazna : nimnalikhita prAkRta vAkyoM ke kriyApada, puruSa aura vacana pahacAnie / 1) samaNo jiNadevaM vNdi| zramaNa jinadeva ko vaMdana karatA hai / udA. kriyApada vaMda' - tRtIya puruSa, ekavacana / 2) tumhe kUvaM khaNaha / tuma saba kuA~ khana rahe ho / 3) Aso vegeNa dhAvai / azva vega se dauDatA hai|
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________________ 4) layAo pupphAI paDaMti / latAoM meM se phUla girate haiM / 5) ahaM gayAo paDemi / maiM hAthI se giratA huuN| 6) amhe jiNadhammaM jANAmo / hama jinadharma ko jAnate haiM / 7) te maTTiyAe suvaNNaM geNhaMti / ve miTTI meM se suvarNa kA grahaNa karate haiM / 8) bAlaya ! tumaM oyaNaM io tao kiMkhivasi ? bAlaka ! tuma odana (cAvala) idhara udhara kyoM pheMka rahe ho ? 9) tumhe devasamIvaM ciTThaha / tuma saba deva ke samIpa khaDe raho / 10) chattA pAiya bhaNati / chAtra prAkRta bolate haiM / 11) ahaM mehaM pAsAmi / maiM megha ko dekhatA huuN| 12) amhe pADhasAlaM pabhAe gacchAmo saMjhAsamae AgacchAmo / hama subaha pAThazAlA jAte haiM saMdhyAsamaya meM Ate haiM / 13) so gaNiyaM paDhai / vaha gaNita paDhatA hai| 14) aMdho hattheNa vatthaM phusai / aMdhA hAtha se vastra ko sparza karatA hai / 15) rAyA kiMkarANaM uccAvayaM bhAsai / rAjA naukaroM se anApazanApa bolatA hai /
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________________ 16) bhArahe bahujaNA gAmaMmi vasaMti / bhArata meM bahuta loga gA~va meM basate haiM / 17) rAyapuriso coraM haNai / rAjapuruSa (sipAhI) cora ko mAratA hai / prAkRta meM kucha akArAnta kriyApada, 'e' svara joDa ke prayukta kiye jAte haiM / jaise - kara - karemi / kina kriyApadoM ko 'e' joDanA hai, isake bAre meM rUDhI hI pramANa mAnI jAtI hai / udAharaNa ke taurapara 'kara' ke samAna honevAle kriyApada nIce diye haiN| kriyApada : kara (kare) (karanA) puruSa ekavacana anekavacana prathama puruSa (ahaM) karemi / (amhe, vayaM) karemo / dvitIya puruSa (tumaM) karesi / (tumhe) kareha / tRtIya puruSa (so) karei / (te) kareMti / nimnalikhita kriyApada kara (kare) kriyApada ke samAna upayojita kiye jAte haiM - kaha (kahanA), gaNa (gaNanA karanA), vaNNa (varNana karanA), sAha (kahanA), lajja (lajjita honA), acca (arcanA karanA), uDDa (uDanA), cora (corI karanA), daMDa (daNDita karanA), AhAra (AhAra karanA), nimaMta (nimaMtraNa karanA), pADa (pADanA), mAra (mAranA), ciMta (cintana karanA) prazna : nimnalikhita prAkRta vAkyoM kA kriyApada, puruSa aura vacana pahacAnie / 1) tuma savvayA saccaM kaheha / tuma sarvadA saca kahate ho / udA. kriyApada kaha' - dvitIya puruSa, ekavacana 2) bAliyAo pupphAiM gaNeti / bAlikAe~ phUloMkI ginatI karatI haiM / 3) samaNo mahAvIracariyaM vaNNei / zramaNa mahAvIracaritra kA varNana karatA hai| 4) jaNaNI hiyaM sAhei / jananI hita kA kathana karatI hai| 5) ahaM duccariyAo lajjemi / maiM duzcaritra se lajjita hotI hU~ /
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________________ 6) vayaM mahAvIraM accemo / hama mahAvIra kI arcanA karate haiN| 7) sugA paMjarAo uDDeti / zuka (tote) piMjare se uDate haiM / 8) takkarA dhaNaM coreMti / taskara (cora) dhana ko curAte haiM / 9) ahaM akAraNaM na kimavi daMDemi / maiM kise bhI vinAkAraNa daNDita nahIM karatA hU~ 10) tumhe hiya miyaM ca AhAreha / tuma hitakara aura mita AhAra karate ho / 11) ghariNI atihiM nimaMtei / gahiNI atithi ko nimaMtrita karatI hai / 12) mallo paDimallaM pADei / malla pratimalla ko pADatA hai / 13) jujjhe vIrA parupparaM mAreMti / yuddha meM vIra parasparoM ko mArate haiM / 14) so paDikkamaNe appANaM avarAha ciMteDa / vaha pratikramaNa meM khuda ke aparAdhoM kA ciMtana karatA hai / bhUtakAla (Past-Tense) jo kriyA ghaTI huI hai, usake lie hama bhUtakAlika kriyApadoM kA upayoga karate haiM / itthA' aura 'iMsu' ye bhUtakAlavAcaka pratyaya jAdA tara ardhamAgadhI bhASA meM hI pAye jAte haiM / sAmAnya prAkRta meM bhUtakAlika kriyApadoM ke sthAna para bhUtakAlika vizeSaNa prayukta karate haiM / anekavacana puruSa prathama puruSa dvitIya puruSa tRtIya puruSa bhUtakAla ke pratyaya ekavacana itthA itthA itthA
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________________ puruSa prathama puruSa sarvanAmasahita bhUtakAla ke kriyApada kriyApada : pAsa (dekhanA) ekavacana (ahaM) pAsitthA / (maiMne dekhA / ) (tuma) pAsitthA / (tUne/tumane dekhA / ) (sA) pAsitthA / (usane dekhA / ) dvitIya puruSa anekavacana (amhe) pAsiMsu / (hamane dekhA / ) (tumhe) pAsiMsu / (tumane/sabane dekhA / ) (te) pAsiMsu / (unhoMne dekhA / ) tRtIya puruSa nimnalikhita prAkRta vAkyoM kA kriyApada, puruSa aura vacana pahacAnie / 1) ahaM morassa cittaM pAsitthA / maiMne mora kA citra dekhaa| udA. kriyApada 'pAsa' - prathamapuruSa, ekavacana 2) amhe duddhaM pIviMsu / hamane dUdha pIyA / 3) tuma kattha uvavisitthA ? tU kahA~ baiThI thI ? 4) tumhe kiM sikkhisu ? tumane kyA sIkhA ? 5) so rukkhAo paDitthA / vaha jhADa se girA / 6) te vaNaM gacchiMsu / ve vana meM gaye / 7) rAvaNo tavaM karitthA / rAvaNane tapa kiyA / 8) amhe uvassae dhammaM suNiMsu / hamane upAzraya meM dharma sunA / 9) rayaNaM samuddammi paDitthA / ratna samudra meM gira gayA /
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________________ bhaviSyakAla (Future-Tense) jo ghaTanAe~ AgAmI kAla meM honevAlI haiM, usake lie hama bhaviSyakAlika kriyApadoM kA upayoga karate haiM / bhaviSyakAla ke pratyaya do prakAra ke hote haiM - eka prakAra issa' pratyaya se aura dUsarA prakAra 'iha' pratyaya se hotA hai puruSa prathama puruSa dvitIya puruSa tRtIya puruSa (1) bhaviSyakAla ke pratyaya ekavacana issAmi, issaM issasi issai anekavacana issAmo issaha issaMti puruSa prathama puruSa sarvanAmasahita bhaviSyakAla ke kriyArUpa kriyApada : bhaNa (bolanA) ekavacana anekavacana (ahaM) bhaNissAmi / (ahaM) bhnnissN| (amhe) bhaNissAmo / (maiM bolU~gA / ) (hama boleMge / ) (tuma) bhnnisssi| (tumhe) bhaNissaha / (tU bolegA / tuma bologe / ) (tuma saba bologe / ) (so) bhaNissai / (te) bhaNissaMti / (vaha bolegA / ) (ve boleMge / ) dvitIya puruSa tRtIya puruSa puruSa (2) bhaviSyakAla ke pratyaya ekavacana ihimi, ihAmi ihisi ihii anekavacana ihimo, ihAmo prathama puruSa dvitIya puruSa tRtIya puruSa ihiha ihiMti puruSa prathama puruSa sarvanAmasahita bhaviSyakAla ke kriyArUpa kriyApada : pAla (pAlanA) ekavacana anekavacana (ahaM) pAlihimi / (ahaM) pAlihAmi / (amhe) pAlihimo / (amhe) pAlihAmo / (maiM pAlana karU~gA / ) (hama pAlana kareMge / ) (tuma) pAlihisi / (tumhe) pAlihiha / (tU pAlana karegA / tuma pAlana karoge / ) (tuma saba pAlana kareMge / ) (sA) pAlihii / (te) pAlihiMti / (vaha pAlana karegI / ) (ve pAlana kareMgI / ) dvitIya puruSa tRtIya puruSa
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________________ bhaviSyakAla meM prayukta karane ke lie kucha kriyApada aura unake artha - jaMpa (bolanA), hasa (ha~sanA ), nacca ( nAcanA ), bhuMja (bhojana karanA ), tara (taranA), muMca (choDanA ), de (denA), ho (honA), khA (khAnA), gila (gilanA), laha ( prApta honA), varisa (varSAva karanA), pekkha (dekhanA), vihara (vihAra karanA), pavisa ( praveza karanA), hara (haranA, le jAnA), soha (zobhanA), vaTTa (honA), vihUsa (vibhUSita karanA), payAsa (prakAzita karanA), rova (ronA), chiMda (toDanA ) prazna : nimnalikhita prAkRta vAkyoM kA kriyApada, puruSa aura vacana pahacAnie / 1) ahaM saccaM jaMpissAmi / maiM satya bolU~gA / udA. kriyApada 'jaMpa' - prathamapuruSa, ekavacana 2) naTTaM pekkhiUNa amhe hassissAmo / nATaka dekhakara hama haseMge / 3) tumaM majjhaNhe kiM bhuMjissasi ? tuma dopahara meM kyA khAogI ? 4) tumhe kallaM samudaM tarissaha / tuma saba kala samudra ko taroge / pAra karoge / 5) asogo sogaM muMcissai / azoka zoka ko choDegA / 6) ahaM savva jIvANaM abhayaM deihimi / maiM saba jIvoM ko abhaya dU~gA / 7) therI bhaNai, 'he rakkhasa ! tumaM maM kallaM khAihisi / ' bUDhI bolI, 'he rAkSasa ! tuma mujhe kala khAoge / ' 8) tumhe lahuM lahuM oyaNaM gilihiha / tuma saba jaldI jaldI cAvala gilo / 9) samaNo mokkhaM lahihi / zramaNa mokkha prApta karegA / 10) jalaharA viulaM jalaM varisihiMti / megha vipula jala baraseMge /
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________________ 11) ahaM kayA tava muhaM pekkhissaM ? maiM kaba tumhArA mukha dekhU ? 12) kayA vayaM baMdhaNamukkA hoissAmo ? kaba hama baMdhanamukta hoMge ? 13) puNNeNa tumaM sagge viharissasi / puNya se tuma svarga meM vihAra karoge / 14) tumhe suheNaM maMdiraM pavisissaha / tuma saba sukhapUrvaka maMdira meM praveza karoge / 15) pavaNo tava parissamaM harissai / pavana (havA) tere parizrama dUra karegA / 16) caMda ! tuma gayaNe sohihisi / he caMdra ! tuma gagana meM zobhoge / 17) tumhANaM kAlo suhapuvvayaM vaTTihii / tumhArA kAla sukhapUrvaka bItegA / 18) Usave mahilAo gharaM vihUsihiti / utsava meM mahilAeM ghara vibhUSita kareMgI / 19) aggima - pUNNimAe caMdo rattI payAsihii / agrima (AnevAlI) pUrNimA ko caMdra rAta ko prakAzita karegA / 20) kaTTahAro kaTTu chiMdissai / lakaDahArA lakaDI toDegA / 31151Tef (Imperative Mood) AjJA dene athavA hukUma karane ke lie jisa kAlArtha kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai use AjJArtha kahate haiM / aMgrejI meM use 'Tense' na kahate hue Mood' kahate haiM / AjJA prAya: sAmanevAle ko dI jAtI hai / isalie yahA~ 'dvitIya puruSa' kA hI prAdhAnya hai / sAmAnyata: vyakti khuda ko AjJA nahIM detA / isalie prAyaH dvitIya aura tRtIya puruSa ke prayoga hI AjJArtha meM pAye jAte haiM /
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________________ AjJArtha ke pratyaya puruSa ekavacana anekavacana F prathama puruSa dvitIya puruSa tRtIya puruSa 4 | 64 -, su, hi at puruSa AjJArtha dhAtu (kriyApada) : gaccha (jAnA) ekavacana anekavacana gacchAmu gacchAmo gaccha, gacchasu, gacchAhi gacchaha gacchau gacchaMtu prathama puruSa dvitIya puruSa tRtIya puruSa puruSa prathama puruSa sarvanAmasahita AjJArtha ke kriyArUpa kriyApada : bhakkha (khAnA) ekavacana anekavacana (ahaM) bhakkhAmu / (amhe) bhakkhAmo / (maiM khAU~ / ) (hama khAyeM / ) (tuma) bhakkha/bhakkhasu/bhakkhAhi / (tumhe) bhkkhh| (tuma khAo / ) (tuma saba khAo / ) (so) bhakkhau / (te) bhakkhaMtu / (vaha khAye / ) (ve khAyeM / ) dvitIya puruSa tRtIya puruSa kucha prAkRta kriyApadoM ke AjJArthI vAkya 1) vaya - bolanA / ahaM saccaM vayAma / maiM saca bolU~ / 2) vasa - rahanA / amhe suheNa vasAmo / hama sukhapUrvaka rheN| 3) jiNa - jItanA / tuma lohaM jiNa/jiNasu/jiNAhi / tuma lobha ko jiito|
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________________ 4) Agaccha - AnA / tumhe Agaccha / tuma saba yahA~ Ao / 5) gaccha - jAnA / nehA tattha gacchau | nehA vahA~ jAe~ / 6) bhakkha- khAnA / miliMdo araviMdo ya bhoyaNaM bhuMjaMtu / miliMda aura araviMda bhojana kareM / 7) bolla - bolanA / tumhe mahurAiM vayaNAiM bollaha / tuma saba madhura vacana bolo / 8) sikkha - sIkhanA / tumaM pAiyaM sikkha / sikkhasu / sikkhAhi / tuma prAkRta sIkho / 9) uvavisa - baiThanA / tumaM heTThA uvavisa/uvavisasu / uvavisAhi / tuma nIce baiTho / 10) vaMda - vaMdana karanA / tumhe mahAvIraM vaMdaha / tuma saba mahAvIra ko vaMdana karo / 11) kuNa - karanA / tuma kohaM mAkuNa/kuNasu / kuhi / tuma krodha mata karo / vidhyartha (Potential Mood) icchA, sUcana, vidhi, nimaMtraNa, AmaMtraNa, prArthanA, AzA, saMbhAvanA, AzIrvAda, upadeza - Adi arthoM ko sUcita karane ke lie vidhyarthaka pratyayoM kA prayoga hotA hai / AjJArthaka aura vidhyarthaka donoM ke arthoM meM aura prayoga meM bahuta hI sAmya hai /
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________________ puruSa prathama puruSa dvitIya puruSa tRtIya puruSa puruSa prathama puruSa dvitIya puruSa tRtIya puruSa puruSa prathama puruSa dvitIya puruSa tRtIya puruSa ekavacana ejjA, ejjAmi ejjA, ejjAsi, ejjAhi e, ejjA 4) kara - karanA / vidhyartha ke pratyaya vidhyartha dhAtu (kriyApada) : gaccha (jAnA ekavacana gacchejjA, gacchejjAmi gacchejjA, gacchejjAsi, gacchejjAhi gacche, gacchejjA sarvanAmasahita vidhyartha ke kriyArUpa kriyApada : bhakkha (khAnA) ekavacana (ahaM) bhakkhejjA, bhakkhejjAmi / (maiM khAU~ / ) 1) ahaM sayaMnibbharaM hojjAmi / hojjA / maiM svayaMnirbhara hoU~ / 2) amhe dhammassa pahAvaNaM karejjAma / hama dharma kI prabhAvanA kareM / anekavacana ejjAma ejjAha ejjA 3) vaTTa - rahanA / tumaM viNaeNa vaTTejA/vaTTejjAsi/vaTTejAhi / tuma ko vinaya se rahanA cAhie / (tumaM) bhakkhejjA/bhakkhejjAsi/bhakkhejjAhi / (tuma khAoge / ) (so) bhakkhe / bhakkhejjA / ( vaha khAye / ) kucha prAkRta kriyApada (dhAtu) aura unake vidhyarthaka vAkya tumhe ajjhayaNaM karejjAha / tuma sabako adhyayana karanA cAhie / anekavacana gacchejjAma gacchejjAha gacchejjA anekavacana (amhe) (hama khAyeM / ) (tumhe) bhakkhejjAha / (tuma saba khAoge / ) (te) bhakkhejjA / (ve khAyeM / ) bhakkhejjAma /
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________________ 5) vaMda - vaMdana karanA / sIso AyariyaM vaMde / ziSya AcArya ko vaMdana kareM / 6) uvavisa - baiThanA / gilANassa samIvaM uvavise / glAna ke samIpa (najadIka) baiTheM / Aya - AcaraNa karanA / suNhA viNayapuvvaM AyarejjA / bahuoM ko vinayapUrvaka AcaraNa karanA cAhie / 8) kIla - krIDA karanA, khelanA / chattA saMjhAsamae kIlejjA / vidyArthiyoM ko saMdhyAsamaya meM khelanA cAhie / 9) khama kSamA karanA / mama avarAhaM khamejjA / mere aparAdhoM kI kSamA karo / 10) vasa - rahanA / sIso gurusa sagAsa vasejjA / ziSya ko guru ke pAsa rahanA cAhie / 11) ArAha - ArAdhanA karanA / muNI suNANaM AhejjA / muni ko zrutajJAna kI ArAdhanA karanI cAhie | 12) uTTha - uThanA / sughariNI suppahAe uTThejjA / sugRhiNI ko suprabhAta meM uThanA cAhie / - jItanA / naro moNeNa kohaM jiNejjA / manuSya mauna se krodha jIteM / 13) jiNa
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________________ (ka) vyAkaraNapATha : abhyAsaviSayaka sUcanAe~ * parIkSA meM vyAkaraNapATha para AdhArita prazna, lagabhaga 10-12 guNoM ke hoNge| * nAmavibhakti para AdhArita prazna, akArAnta pulliMgI, AkArAnta strIliMgI aura akArAnta napuMsakaliMgI zabdoM para AdhArita hoNge| * kriyApada para AdhArita prazna, vartamAnakAla, bhUtakAla, bhaviSyakAla, AjJArtha evaM vidhyartha para AdhArita hoNge| * isa vyAkaraNapATha ke aMtargata Aye hue prAkRta vAkyoM kA hiMdI anuvAda nahIM pUchA jAyegA / hiMdI vAkyoM ka prAkRta rUpAMtara bhI nahIM pUchA jAyegA / namUne ke taurapara do prakAra ke prazna diye haiM / prazna ke isa DhA~ce ko sAmane rakhakara vidyArthI taiyArI kreN| a) nimnalikhita zabdoM meM nihita mUla zabda, usakI vibhakti evaM vacana likhie / udA. 1) vIreNa - mUla zabda 'vIra', tRtIyA vibhakti, ekavacana 2) vIre - mUla zabda 'vIra', prathamA ekavacana, dvitIyA anekavacana, saptamI ekavacana 3) gaMgAe - mUla zabda 'gaMgA', tRtIyA, paMcamI, SaSThI, saptamI ekavacana 4) gaMge - mUla zabda 'gaMgA', saMbodhana ekavacana 5) vaNAI - mUla zabda 'vaNa', prathamA, dvitIyA, saMbodhana anekavacana 6) vaNehiMto - mUla zabda 'vaNa', paMcamI anekavacana jiNo, vANaraM, bhajjAo, phalehiM, vaNNAo, balehito, devayAe, potthage, nAvAsuM, sIheNa, sAlaM, suvaNNa, samaNehiM, nehA, dANA, maMdirAI, seNANaM, logassa, guNeNa, pUrya, vIrANaM, sarIresu, puppha, Asammi, kannAhiMsAhAhiMto, rajjesu, majjAyAe, majjassa, hatthehiMto, Isara, paNNAI, mahurAo, sIleNa, gaMgA - ina zabdoM kA vivaraNa uparokta prakAra se likhie / (ba) nimnalikhita kriyApadasamUha se vartamAnakAla, bhUtakAla, bhaviSyakAla, AjJArtha aura vidhyartha ke kriyApada alaga-alaga kIjie / pucchAmi, kuNa, pAsitthA, karejjAma, muMcissai, jiNasu, gacchisu, udvejjA, jANAmo, varisihiMti, vaMde, haNai, tarissaha, hojjA, bhujaMtu, sikkhiMsu, karejjAha, kareMti, pekkhissaM, vaMdai, vasejjA, bollaha, uvavise, bhati, pAlihimi, rovisihiha, vasAmo, khamejjA, sAhei, gacchejjAmi, gacchAmo, vaTTejjAsi, AhAreha, ArAhejjA, khaNaha, jaMpissAmi, vaTTejAhi / **********