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________________ jaina ekatA kA prazna AhiMsA paramo dharmaH lekhaka DaoN. sAgaramala jaina prakAzaka : prAcya vidyA pITha, zAjApura (ma.pra.
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________________ jaina ekatA kA prazna prAstAvika vizva ke pramukha dharmoM meM jaina dharma eka alpasaMkhyaka dharma hai| lagabhaga 3 araba kI janasaMkhyA vAle isa bhUmaNDala para jainoM kI janasaMkhyA 50 lAkha se adhika nahIM hai arthAt vizva ke 600 vyaktiyoM meM kevala 1 vyakti jaina hai| durbhAgya yaha hai ki eka alpasaMkhyaka dharma hote hue bhI vaha Aja aneka sampradAyoM aura upasampradAyoM meM ba~TA huA hai| digambara aura zvetAmbara ye do mUla zAkhAe~ to haiM hI, kintu ve zAkhAe~ bhI avAntara sampradAyoM meM aura sampradAya gacchoM meM vibhAjita haiM / digambara paramparA ke bIsapaMtha, terApaMtha, tAraNapaMtha ye tIna upavibhAga haiM / vartamAna meM kAnajI svAmI ke anuyAyiyo kA nayA sampradAya bhI bana gayA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM mUrtipUjaka, sthAnakavAsI, terApaMthI ye tIna sampradAya haiN| inameM mUrtipUjaka aura sthAnakavAsI aneka gacchoM meM vibhAjita hai| terApaMthI sampradAya meM bhI aba navaterApaMtha ke nAma se bikharAva zurU ho gayA hai| inake atirikta, jainadharma kI zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparAoM kI madhyavartI-yojaka kar3I ke rUpa 'yApanIya' nAmaka eka svatantra sampradAya IsA kI dUsarI zatAbdI se lekara 15vIM zatAbdI taka astitva meM rahA / vartamAna me zrImadrAjacandra ke kavipaMtha kA bhI eka svatantra sampradAya ke rUpa meM astitva hai, yadyapi isake anuyAyI bahuta hI kama haiN| jainadharma ke ye sabhI sampradAya Aja paraspara bikhare hue haiM aura koI bhI aisA sUtra taiyAra nahIM ho pAyA hai, jo ina bikharI huI kar3iyoM ko eka dUsare se jor3a ske| aba bhArata jaina mahAmaNDala nAmaka saMsthA ke mAdhyama se inheM jor3ane kA prayAsa kiyA jA rahA hai| jaina samAja na kevala dhArmika dRSTi se vibhinna sampradAyoM meM ba~TA huA hai apitu sAmAjika dRSTi se aneka jAtiyoM aura upajAtiyoM meM vibhAjita hai| jisameM agravAla, khaNDelavAla, bagheravAla, mor3ha Adi kucha jAtiyoM kI sthiti to aisI hai jinake kucha parivAra jainadharma ke anuyAyI haiM to kucha vaissnnv| eka hI jAti meM vibhinna jaina upasampradAyoM jaina ekatA kA prazna : 1
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________________ ke anuyAyI bhI pAye jAte haiM- jaise osavAloM meM zvetAmbaramUrtipUjaka, sthAnakavAsI aura terapaMthI - ina tInoM sampradAyoM ke anuyAyI to pracuratA se pAye hI jAte haiM kintu kvAcit digambara jaina aura vaiSNava dharma ke anuyAyI bhI milate haiM / jAtivAda kA viSa 1 DA. vilAsa AdinAtha saMgave ne apanI pustaka 'jaina kamyuniTI' meM uttara bhArata kI 84 tathA dakSiNa bhArata kI 91 jaina jAtiyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| purAne samaya meM to ina jAtiyoM meM pArasparika bhojana- vyavahAra sambandhI kaThora pratibandha the / vivAha sambandha to pUrNatayA varjita the / Aja khAna-pAna ( roTI - vyavahAra) sambandhI pratibandha to zithila ho gaye haiM, kintu vivAha (beTI vyavahAra) sambandhI pratibandha abhI bhI yathAvat hai / Azcarya to yaha hai ki Aja bhI eka jAti kA jaina parivAra apanI jAti vaiSNava parivAra meM to vivAha - sambaMdha dhAra legA, kintu itara jAti ke jaina parivAra meM vivAha - sa ha - sambandha karanA ucita nahIM samajhegA / vigata do dazakoM meM hindU khaTika evaM gujarAtI balAIyoM ke dvArA jainadharma apanAne ke phalasvarUpa vIravAla aura dharmapAla nAmaka jo do navIna jaina jAtiyA~ astitva meM AI haiM, kintu unake sAtha bhI pArasparika sAmAjika ekAtmatA kA abhAva hI hai / jaina jAtiyoM meM pArasparika alagAva kI yaha sthiti unakI bhAvanAtmaka ekatA meM bAdhaka hai| hamArA bikharAva doharA hai - eka jAtigata aura dUsarA sampradAyagata / jaba taka ina jAtiyoM me paraspara vivAha-sambandha aura samAnastara kI sAmAjika ekAtmatA sthApita nahIM hogI taba taka bhAvanAtmaka ekatA ko sthAyI AdhAra nahIM milegaa| aneka jAtiyoM meM jo dasA aura bIsA kA bheda hai aura usa AdhAra para yA sAmAnyarUpa meM bhI jAtiyoM ko eka dUsare se U~cA - nIcA samajhane kI jo pravRtti hai, use bhI samApta karanA hogaa| vartamAna paristhitiyoM meM cAhe ina jAtigata vibhinnatAoM ko miTA pAnA sambhava nahIM ho, kintu unheM samAna stara kI sAmAjikatA to pradAna kI jA sakatI hai / yadi samAna stara kI sAmAjikatA aura pArasparika vivAha sambandha sthApita ho jAyeM to jAtivAda kI ye dIvAreM agalI do cAra sIr3hiyoM taka svataH hI Dhaha jaayeNgii| jainadharma mUlata: jAtivAda evaM U~ca-nIca kA samarthaka nahIM rahA hai, yaha saba usa para brAhmaNa saMskRti kA prabhAva hai / yadi hama antarAtmA se jainatva ke hAmI haiM to hama U~ca-nIca aura jAtivAda kI ina vibhAjaka dIvAroM ko samApta karanA hogA, tabhI bhAvatAtmaka sAmAjika ekatA kA vikAsa ho sakegA / jaina ekatA kA prazna : 2
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________________ sAmpradAyikatA kA viSa Aja jaina samAja kA zrama, zakti aura dhana kinhIM racanAtmaka kAryoM meM lagane ke bajAya pArasparika saMgharSoM, tIrthoM aura mandiroM ke vivAdoM, IrSyAyukta pradarzanI aura ADambaroM tathA thothI pratiSThA kI pratispardhA meM kiye jAne vAle AyojanoM meM vyaya ho rahA hai / isa nagna satya ko kauna nahIM jAnatA hai ki hamane eka-eka tIrtha aura mandira ke jhagar3o me itanA paisA bahAyA hai aura bahA rahe haiM ki usa dhana se usI sthAna para dasa-dasa bhavya aura vizAla mandira khar3e kiye jA sakate the / antarikSa pArzvanAtha, maksI, riyAjI jaise aneka tIrtha sthaloM para Aja bhI kyA ho rahA hai? jisa jina - pratimA ko hama pUjya mAna rahe hai, usake sAtha kyA-kyA duSkarma hama nahIM kara rahe haiM ? usa para ubalatA pAnI DAlA jAtA hai, nityaprati garama zalAkhoM se usakI A~kheM nikAlI aura gAyI jAtI haiN| aneka bAra laMgoTa Adi ke cinha banAye aura miTAye gaye haiN| kyA yaha saba hamArI antarAtmA ko kacoTatA nahIM hai ? pArasparika saMgharSoM meM vahA~ jo ghaTanAe~ ghaTita huI haiM, ve kyA eka ahiMka samAja ke lie zarmanAka nahIM hai ? kyA yaha ucita hai ki cIMTI kI rakSA karanevAlA samAja manuSyoM ke khUna se holI khele ? patra-patrikAoM me eka dUsare ke viruddha jo viSa vamana kiyA jAtA hai, logoM kI bhAvanAoM ko eka-dUsare ke viparIta ubhAr3A jAtA hai, vaha kyA samAja ke prabuddha vicArakoM ke hRdaya ko vikSobhita nahIM karatA hai ? Aja ADambarapUrNa gajarathoM, paJcakalyANakoM aura pratiSThA samArohoM, muniyoM ke cAturmAsoM meM calane vAle caukoM ora dUsare ADamabarapUrNa pratispardhI AyojanoM meM jo prativarSa karor3oM rupayoM kA apavyaya ho rahA hai, vaha kyA dhana ke sadupayoga karanevAle mitavyayI jaina samAja ke lie hRdaya vidAraka nahIM hai / bhavya aura garimApUrNa Ayojana bure nahIM haiM, kintu ve jaba sAmpradAyika durabhiniveza aura IrSyA ke sAtha jur3a jAte haiM to apanI sArthakatA kho dete haiN| pArasparika pratispardhA meM hamane eka - eka gA~va meM aura eka-eka galI meM dasa-dasa mandira to khar3e kara liye kintu unameM AbU, rANakapura jaisalamera khujarAho yA gommaTezvara . jaisI bhavyatA evaM kalA se yukta kitane haiM ? eka-eka gA~va yA nagara meM cAra-cAra dhArmika pAThazAlAe~ cala rahI haiM, vidyAlaya cala rahe haiM kintu sarva suvidhA sampanna suvyavasthita vizAla pustakAlaya evaM zAstra bhaNDAra se yukta jaina vidyA ke adhyayana aura adhyApanakendra tathA zodha saMsthAna kitane haiM ? aneka adhyayana-adhyApana kendra sAmpradAyika jaina ekatA kA prazna : 3
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________________ pratispardhA meM eka hI sthAna para khar3e to kiye gaye, kintu samagra samAja ke sahayoga ke abhAva meM koI bhI samyak pragati nahIM kara sakA / ekatA kI AvazyakatA kyoM jaina samAja kI ekatA kI AvazyakatA do kAraNoM se hai / prathama to yaha ki pArasparika IrSyA-dveSa evaM pratispardhA meM samAja ke zrama, zakti aura dhana kA jo apavyaya dxd rahA hai, use rokA jA ske| jaisA hamaneM sUcita kiyA Aja samAja kA karor3oM rupayA pratispardhI thothe pradarzanoM aura pArasparika vivAdoM meM kharca ho rahA hai, inameM na kevala hamAre dhana kA apavyaya ho rahA hai, apitu samAja kI kArya-zakti bhI isI dizA meM laga jAtI hai / pariNAmata: hama yojanApUrvaka samAja sevA aura dharma - prasAra ke kAryoM ko hAtha meM nahIM le pAte haiN| yadyapi aniyojita sevA kArya Aja bhI ho rahe haiM, kintu unakA vAstavika lAbha samAja aura dharma ko nahIM mila pAtA hai / jaina samAja ke saikar3oM kAleja aura hajAroM skUla cala rahe haiM - kintu unameM hama kitane jaina adhyApaka khapA pAye haiM aura unameM se kitaneM meM jaina darzana, sAhitya aura prAkRta bhASA ke adhyayana kI vyavasthA hai / deza jaina samAja ke saikar3oM haoNspITala haiM, kintu unameM hamArA sIdhA invAlvameNTa na hone se hama jana-jana se apane ko nahIM jor3a pAye haiM, jaisA ki IsAI mizanariyoM ke aspatAloM meM hotA hai / sAmAjika bikharAva ke kAraNa hama sarva suvidhA sampanna bar3e aspAla yA jaina vizvavidyAlaya Adi ke vyApaka kArya hAtha meM nahIM le pAte haiN| 1 dUsare jainadharma kI dhArmika evaM sAmAjika ekatA kA prazna Aja isIlie mahattvapUrNa bana gayA hai ki aba isa prazna ke sAtha hamAre astitva kA prazna jur3A huA hai| prajAtantrIya zAsana vyavasthA meM kisI varga kI AvAja isI AdhAra para sunI aura mAnI jAtI hai ki usakI saMgaThita mata - zakti (Voting Power ) evaM sAmAjika prabhAvazIlatA kitanI hai kintu eka vikendrita aura ananuzAsita dharma evaM samAja kI na to apanI mata - zakti hotI hai aura na usakI AvAja kA koI prabhAva hI hotA hai| yaha eka alaga bAta hai ki jaina samAja ke kucha prabhAvazAlI vyaktitva prAcInakAla se Aja taka bhAratIya zAsana evaM samAja meM apanA prabhAva evaM sthAna rakhate Aye haiM, kintu ise jaina samAja kI prabhAvazakti mAnanA galata hogA / yaha jo bhI prabhAva rahA hai unakI nijI pratibhAoM kA hai, isakA zreya sIdhe rUpa meM jaina samAja ko nahIM hai| cAhe unake nAma kA lAbha jaina samAja kI prabhAvazIlatA ko batAne ke lie uThAyA jAtA rahA hai / mAnavatAvAdI vaijJAnika dharma, artha - sampanna jaina ekatA kA prazna : 4
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________________ samAja, tathA vipula sAhityika evaM purAtattvIya sampadA kA dhanI yaha samAja Aja upakSita kyoM hai ? Aja 'saMghe zaktiH kaliyuge' lokakti ko dhyAna meM rakhanA hogaa| anyathA dhIre-dhIre hamArA astitva nAma-zeSa ho jaayegaa| hamAre bikharAva ke kAraNa __ yadyapi yaha sahI hai ki jaina samAja kI isa vicchinna dazA para prabuddha vicArakoM ne sadaiva hI cAra-cAra A~sU bahAye haiM aura isakI vedanA kA hRdaya kI gaharAIyoM taka anubhava kiyA hai| isI dazA ko dekhakAra adhyAtmayogI santa AnandaghanajI ko kahanA par3A thA gacchanA bahubheda nayane nihAlatAM tatva nI bAta karatA nI laaje| yadyapi prabuddha varga ke dvArA samaya-samaya para ekatA ke prayatna bhI hue haiM, cAhe unameM adhikAMza upasampradAyoM kI ekatA taka hI sImita rahe hoN| bhArata jaina mahAmaNDala, varddhamAna sthAnakavAsI jaina zramaNa saMgha, zvetAmbara jaina kAnphrensa, digambara jaina mahAsabhA, sthAnakavAsI jaina kAnphrensa isake avazeSa haiN| inake lie avazeSa zabda kA prayoga meM jAnabUjhakara isalie kara rahA hU~ ki Aja na to koI antara kI gaharaIyoM se inake prati zraddhAniSTha hai aura na inakI AvAja meM koI bala hai- ye kevala zobhA mUrtiyA~ haiM- jinake lebala kA prayoga hama sAmpradAyika svArthoM kI pUrti ke lie yA ekatA kA DhiDhorA pITane ke lie karate rahate haiN| andara meM hama saba pahale zvetAmbara, sthAnakavAsI, mUrtipUjaka, digambara, bIsa-panthI, terApaMthI, kAnajIpanthI haiM, bAda meM jaina / vastuta: jaba taka yaha dRSTi nahIM badalatI hai, isa samIkaraNa ko ulaTA nahIM jAtA, taba taka jaina samAja kI bhAvAtmaka ekatA kA koI AdhAra nahIM bana sktaa| Aja sthAnakavAsI jaina zramaNa saMgha ko, jisake nirmANa ke pIche samAja ke prabuddhavarga kA varSoM kA zrama evaM sAdhanA thI aura samAja kA lAkhoM rupayA vyaya huA thA, kisane nAmazeSa banAyA hai? isake lie bAhara ke logoM kI apekSAbhI andara ke loga adhika javAbadAra haiN| zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka samAja ke munivarga ke ahamadAbAda sammelana kA koI prabhAvakArI pariNAma kyoM nahIM nikalA? . Aja terApantha jisakI ekatA para hameM nAja thA, bikharAva kI sthiti meM kyoM hai? jaina ekatA kA prazna : 5
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________________ digambara munisaMgha yadyapi abhI alpasaMkhyA meM haiM, kintu usameM bhI bikharAva ke lakSaNa ubhara kara sAmane Ane lage hai| alaga-alaga tambU lagane lage haiM / kAnajIpantha aura mUla AmnAya kA vivAda to khulakara sAmane A hI gayA thA, cAhe kAnajI svAmI ke svargavAsa ke pazcAt usameM kucha kamI AI ho ? bAta kaThora avazya hai, kintu sahI sthiti yaha hai ki Aja samAja kA adhikAMza munivarga, kucha netRtva ke bhUkhe zrAvaka aura paNDita apanI dukAna jamAne ke cakkara meM hai ? apanI pUjA evaM pratiSThA baTorane ke prayAsa meM hai| ve sabhI mahAvIra ke nAma kA upayoga to kevala isalie karate haiM ki apanI dukAna cala nikle| jaba hama saba apanI dukAna jamAne ko Atura hoMge to mahAvIra kI dukAna kauna calAyegA ? jaba munIma apanI dukAna jamAne ke phera meM par3a jAtA hai to seTha kI dukAna kI kyA sthiti hogI - yaha suvidita hI hai| jaina ekatA kI pITha meM jaba koI churA gayA hai to aise hI logoM ke dvArA bhoMkA gayA hai| bikharAva kA mUla kAraNa - pratiSThA kI bhUkha samAja meM jaba bhI koI muni yA paNDita thor3A bahuta pravacana- paTu banA ki vaha apanA eka tambU alaga gAr3ane kA prayAsa karane lagatA hai / apane upAsaka, apanI saMsthA aura apanA patra isa prakAra eka nayA varga khar3A ho jAtA hai aura bikharAva kI sthiti A jAtI hai / bikharAva isalie hotA hai ki samAja kI AsthA kA mUla kendra mahAvIra yA unakA dharma na hokara vaha muni, AcArya yA vidvAn hotA hai| lekhaka ne svayaM dekhA hai ki Aja sthAnakavAsI samAja meM adhikAMza muni aura sAdhviyA~ pravacana ke pUrva meM, anta me aura prArthanAoM me apane-apane vartamAna AcAryoM kA hI stavana gAna karate haiN| aba to bhaktAmara - zailI meM saMskRta bhASA meM nibaddha jIvita AcAryoM ke stotra bana cuke haiN| zAyada Aja hama usa mahAvIra ko bhulA cuke haiM, jise hamArI sabhI kI AsthA kA kendra honA cAhiye aura jisake AdhAra para hI hama saba ekatA ke sUtra meM baMdha sakate haiN| jo jaina dharma guNapUjaka thA, jisake mahAn AcAryoM ne apane namaskAra - mantra meM kisI bhI vyakti kA, yahA~ taka ki mahAvIra kA bhI nAma na rakhA thA, usameM bar3hatI huI yaha vyakti - upAsanA hI hamAre bikharAva kA kAraNa hai / yadi hama sacce hRdaya se jaina-1 - ekatA ko cAhate haiM to samAja se ye vyaktiparaka stutiyA~ tatkAla banda kara denA cAhiye / sArvajanika prArthanAsabhAoM pravacanoM Adi meM kevala tIrthakaroM kA hI stavana ho, kisI AcArya yA muni vizeSa kA nahIM / AcAryoM aura muniyoM ke prati vinayabhAva to rahe, jaina ekatA kA prazna : 6
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________________ kintu zraddhA kA kendra vItarAgatA aura samatAmaya dharma hI ho- koI vyakti nhiiN| saMkSepa meM hama vyaktipUjaka nahIM, guNapUjaka bneN| samAja meM jaba vyaktipUjA ke sthAna para guNapUjA pratiSThita hogI tabhI samAja meM ekatA kI bhAvanA sabala hogii| vyaktipUjA, pUjaka aura pUjya donoM ke ahaMkAra kA siMcana karatI hai aura unakI cAritrika skhalanAoM kA kAraNa banatI hai| lekhaka ne jIvita AcAryoM aura muniyoM ke aise stotra dekhe, jinameM unake guNoM evaM atizayoM kA aisA citraNa hai jo unheM vItarAga-prabhu ke samakakSa hI prastuta karatA hai| samAja meM abhinandana-samArohoM aura abhinandana-granthoM kI AyI huI bAr3ha bhI ahaMkArapuSTi kA hI mAdhyama hai| ahaMkAra aisA mIThA jahara hai - jisase mukti pAnA bar3A kaThina hai| jaba bhI kisI vyakti ke aise puSTa ahaMkAra para coTa par3atI hai yA IrSyAvaza kisI vyakti kI mahattvAkAMkSA jAga jAtI hai to vaha apanA akhAr3A alaga banA letA hai| aneka sampradAyoM ke udbhava ke pIche yahI eka mahattvapUrNa kAraNa rahA hai| vibhinna sampradAyoM ke udbhava kI jo kahAniyA~ jaina-granthoM meM dI gaI haiM, ve isa bAta kI puSTi karatI haiN| kisI ke ahaMkAra kA amaryAdita poSaNa dUsare kI mahattvAkAMkSA ko bar3hAtA hai aura samAja meM IrSyA yA vidveSa ke viSa-vRkSa ko panapAtA hai| hamArI dhArmika evaM sAmAjika ekatA kA vikAsa tabhI sambhava hai jaba sAmAjika jIvana meM vyaktiyoM ke ahaMkAra ke poSaNa kI ye amaryAdita pravRttiyA~ pratibandhita hoM aura dUsaroM ko hIna apamAnita anubhava karane ke avasara nahIM hoN| dhArmika sampradAyoM ke pArasparika saMgharSoM kA udbhava kyoM aura kaise? vibhinna yugoM me jainAcArya apane yuga kI tAtkAlika paristhitiyoM se prabhAvita hokara sAdhanA ke bAhya niyamoM meM parivartana karate rahe haiM / dezakAlagata paristhitiyoM ke prabhAva ke kAraNa aura sAdhaka kI sAdhanA kSamatA kI vibhinnatA ke kAraNa dharma-sAdhanA ke bAhya rUpoM meM aise parivartanoM kA ho jAnA svAbhAvika ho thA aura na kevala jaina apitu sabhI dharmo ke itihAsa meM aisA aneka bAra huA hai; sAdhanA sambandhI ye saba vividhatAe~ dhArmika saMgharSoM kA kAraNa nahIM bntii| sAmpradAyika matAndhatA aura saMgharSoM kA kAraNa sAdhanA sambandhI vividhatA meM nahIM apitu manuSya kI mamatA, Asakti, ahaMkAra aura svArthaparatA meM hI rahA hai| vastuta: manuSya jaba apane dharmAcArya ke prati rAgAtmakatA ke kAraNa athavA apane mana meM vyApta Agraha aura ahaMkAra ke kAraNa apane dharma, sampradAya yA sAdhanA jaina ekatA kA prazna : 7
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________________ paddhati ko hI ekamAtra aura antima satya tathA apane dharmaguru ko hI satya kA ekamAtra pravartaka mAna letA hai, to pariNAmasvarUpa sAmpradAyika vaimanasya kA sUtrapAta ho jAtA hai| vastutaH dhArmika vaimanasyoM aura dhArmika saMgharSoM ke mUlabhUta kAraNa manuSya kA apane dharmAcArya aura sampradAya ke prati Atyantika rAgAtmakatA tathA tajjanya apane mata kI ekAntika satyatA kA Agraha hI hai / yadyapi bikharAva ke anya kAraNa bhI hote haiN| I vastutaH dhArmika vividhatAoM aura dharma sampradAyoM ke udbhava ke aneka kAraNa hote haiM, jinameM se kucha ucita kAraNa aura kucha anucita kAraNa hote haiM / ucita kAraNa nimna haiM- 1. satya sambandhI dRSTikoNa - vizeSa yA vicAra bheda, 2. dezakAlagata bhinnatA ke AdhAra para AcAra sambandhI niyamoM kI bhinnatA, 3. pUrvapracalita dharma sampradAya meM yuga kI AvazyakatA ke anurUpa parivartana yA saMzodhana / jabaki anucita kAraNa ye haiM- 1. vaicArika durAgraha, 2. pUrva sampradAya yA dharma meM kisI vyakti kA apamAnita honA, 3. kisI vyakti kI prasiddhi pAne kI mahattvAkAMkSA, 4. pUrva sampradAya ke logoM se anabana ho jAnA / yadi hama uparyukta kAraNoM kA vizleSaNa kareM, to hamAre sAmane do bAteM spaSTataH A jAtI haiN| prathama, yaha ki dezakAlagata tathyoM kI vibhinna, vaicArika athavA pracalita ' paramparAoM meM AyI huI vikRtiyoM ke saMzodhana ke nimitta vividha dhArmika sampradAyoM kA udbhava hotA hai; kintu ye kAraNa aise nahIM haiM jo sAmpradAyika vaimanasya ke AdhAra kahe jA ske| vastuta: jaba bhI inake sAtha manuSya ke svArtha, durAgraha, ahaMkAra, mahattvAkAMkSA aura pArasparika IrSyA ke tattva pramukha banate hai; tabhI dhArmika unmAdoM kA athavA sAmpradAyika kaTutA kA janma hotA hai aura zAnti pradAtA dharma hI azAnti kA kAraNa bana jAtA hai| Aja ke vaijJAnika yuga meM jaba vyakti dharma ke nAma para yaha saba dekhatA hai to usake mana meM dhArmika anAsthA bar3hatI hai aura vaha dharma kA virodhI bana jAtA hai / yadyapi dharma ke vividha sampradAyoM meM bAhya niyamoM kI bhinnatA ho sakatI hai, tathApi yadi hamArI dRSTi vyApaka aura anAgrahI ho to isameM bhI ekatA aura samanvaya ke sUtra khoje jA sakate haiN| sAmpradAyika vaimanasya kA anta kaise ho ? dharma ke kSetra meM asahiSNutA kA janma taba hotA hai jaba hama yaha mAna lete haiM ki jaina ekatA kA prazna : 8
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________________ hama jisa AcArya ko apanI AsthA yA zraddhA kA kendra mAna rahe haiM, usakA pakSa hI ekamAtra satya hai aura usake atirikta anya sabhI mithyAtvI aura zithilAcArI haiN| 'hama sacce aura dUsare jhUThe' kI bhrAnta dhAraNA dhArmika asahiSNutA ko janma detI hai / yaha mAnA ki satya kA sUrya kevala hamAre ghara ko hI Alokita karatA hai, eka mithyA dhAraNA hI hai| jainadharma kA anekAntavAda yaha mAnatA hai ki satya kA bodha aura prakAzana dUsaro ke dvArA bhI sambhava hai, satya hamAre vipakSa meM ho sakatA hai| hama hI sadAcArI aura zuddhAcArI haiM- dUsare saba zithilAcArI aura asaMyatI haiM - yaha kahanA kyA una logoM ko zobhA detA hai - jinake zAstra 'anyaliMgasiddhA' kA udghoSa karate haiN| Aja durbhAgya to yaha hai ki jo darzana anekAMta ke siddhAnta ke dvArA vizva ke vibhinna dharma aura darzanoM meM samanvaya kI bAta kahatA hai aura jo 'SaTdarasaNa jina aMga bhaNIje' kI vyApaka dRSTi prastuta karatA hai, vaha svayaM apane hI sampradAyoM ke bIca samanvaya - sUtra nahIM khoja pA rahA hai / eka ora anekAMtavAda kA udghoSa aura dUsarI ora sampradAyoM kA vyAmehadonoM eka sAtha satya nahIM ho skte| vastutaH koI vyakti jaina ho aura usameM sAmpradAyika durAgraha bhI ho, yaha nahIM ho sktaa| yadi hama sampradAyoM, durAgrahoM me AsthA rakhate haiM, to itanA sunizcita hai ki hama jaina nahIM haiM / jainadharma kI paribhASA hai - syAdvAdo vartate'smin pakSapAto na vidyate / nAstyanya pIDanaM kiccit, jainadharmaH sa uccate // 1 jo syAdvAda meM AsthA rakhatA hai tathA pakSapAta se dUra aura jo kisI ko pIr3A nahIM detA, vahI jainadharma kA saccA anuyAyI hai / ahiMsA aura anekAnta ke sacce anuyAyiyoM meM sAmpradAyika vaimanasya panape, yaha sambhava nahIM hai / yahA~ hamAre jIvana ke virodhAbhAsa spaSTa haiM / hama ahiMsA kI duhAI dete haiM aura apane hI sahadharmI bhAIyoM ko pITane yA piTavAne kA upakrama karate haiM- hamArI sAmpradAyika vaimanasyatA ne ahiMsA kI pavitra cAdara para khUna ke chITeM DAle haiM - antarikSa pArzvanAtha aura kesariyAjI kI ghaTanAe~ Aja bhI isakI sAkSI haiN| hama anekAMta kA nAma lete haiM aura sAmpradAyika kSudratAoM se burI taraha jakar3e hue apane sampradAya ke alAvA hameM sabhI mithyAtvI najara Ate haiN| 'aparigraha kI duhAI dete haiM, kintu devadravya ke nAma para dhana kA saMgraha karate haiM, mandiroM kI sampattiyoM ke lie nyAyAlayoM meM vAda prastuta karate haiN| Azcarya to yaha hai ki vAdI ke nAma meM parama aparigrahI bhagavAn kA nAma bhI jur3atA hai / jisa prabhu ne apanI samasta dhana jaina ekatA kA prazna : 9
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________________ sampatti kA dAna karake jIvana-paryanta aparigraha kI sAdhanA kI, usake anuyAyI hone kA dambha bharane vAle hama kyA usI prabhu kI eka pratimA yA mandira bhI apane dUsare bhAI ko pradAna nahIM kara sakate ? vastuta: hamAre jIvana-vyavahAra kA jainatva se dUra kA bhI riztA nahIM dikhAI detA hai| hamAre anekAnta, ahiMsA aura aparigraha ke siddhAnta mAtra dikhAvA haiM -chalanA haiM - ve hamAre jIvana ke sAtha jur3a nahIM pAye haiN| tabhI to AdhyAtmika santa Anandaghana jI ko vedanA ke do A~sU bahAte hue kahanA par3A thA - gacchanA bheda bahu nayane nihAlatAM, tattvanI bAta karatAM nI laaje| udarabharaNadi nija kAja karatAM thakAM, moha naDiyA kalikAla raaje| gacchoM aura sampradAyoM ke vividha bhedoM ko apane samakSa dekhate hue bhI hameM anekAMta ke siddhAnta kI duhAI dene meM zarma kyoM nahIM AtI? vastuta: isa kalikAla meM vyAmohoM (durAgrahoM) se grasta hokara sabhI kevala apanA peTa bharane ke lie arthAt vaiyaktika pUjA aura pratiSThA pAne ke lie prayatnazIla haiN| bhAvArtha yahI hai ki sampradAyoM aura gacchoM ke nAma para hama apanI-apanI dukAneM calA rahe haiN| jinapraNIta dharma aura siddhAntoM kA upadeza to kevala dUsaroM ke lie hai- tuma hiMsA mata karo, tuma durAgrahI mata bano, tuma parigraha kA saMcaya mata karo aadi| kintu hama apane meM kahA~ hiMsA, Agraha aura Asakti (svArtha-vRtti) ke tattva chipe hue haiM, ise nahIM dekhate haiN| vastuta: sAmpradAyika vaimanasya isIlie hai ki ahiMsA, anAgraha aura anAsakti ke dhArmika Adarza hamAre jIvana kA aMga nahIM bana pAye haiN| yadi dharma kA amuta jIvana meM praviSTa ho jAye to sAmpradAyikatA ke viSa kA praveza hI nahIM ho sktaa| hama ekatA kI dizA meM tabhI gatizIla ho sakeMge jaba jIvana meM ahiMsA, anAgraha, ni:svArthatA aura aparigraha ke tatva vikasita hoNge| inake vikAsa ke sAtha hI sAmpradAyikadaurmanasya apane Apa samApta ho jAyegA / yadi prakAza AyegA to aMdhakAra apane Apa samApta ho jaayegaa| prayatna andhakAra ko miTAne kA nahIM, prakAza ko prakaTa karane kA karanA hai| hameM prayatna sampradAyoM ko miTAne kA nahIM, jIvana meM dharma aura viveka ko vikasita karane ke lie karanA hai| jaina ekatA kA prazna : 10
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________________ jainadharma ke sAmpradAyika matabheda evaM unake nirAkaraNa ke upAya (a) sacelatA aura acelatA kA prazna sarvaprathama hama zvetAmbara, digambara sampradAyoM ke matabheda ko hI leM aura dekheM ki usameM kitanI sArthakatA hai| zvetAmbara aura digambara sampradAyoM me vivAda kA mUla muddA muni ke nagnatva kA hai| tIrthapravartaka prabhu mahAvIra nirvastra (acela) rahe, yaha bAta donoM ko mAnya hai| AryikA (sAdhvI), zrAvaka aura zrAvikA kI savastratA (sacelatA) bhI donoM ko svIkArya hai / savastratA kI samarthaka zvetAmbara paramparA ke prAcIna AgamoM meM bhI muni kI acelatA kA na kevala samarthana hai apitu acelakatva kI muktakaNTha se prazaMsA bhI kI gaI hai| jina aura jinakalpI arthAt jina ke samAna AcaraNa karane vAle muni nagna rahate the yaha bAta zve. paramparA ko bhI mAnya hai| vastuta: jaba sAmpradAyika durabhiniveza bar3hA to eka ora zvetAmbaroM ne jinakalpa (acelakatva) ke viccheda kI ghoSaNA kara dI to dUsarI ora digambaroM ne mUlabhUta Agama-sAhitya ko hI amAnya kara diyaa| isa vivAda kA pariNAma yahA~ taka huA ki zve. sAhitya meM yaha kaha diyA gayA ki jinakalpI mukta nahIM hotA hai| vaha kevala svargagAmI hotA hai, jaba ki digambara AcAryoM ne yaha kaha diyA ki yadi tIrthakara bhI savastra hogA to mukta nahIM hogaa| niSpakSarUpa se zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya Agama-sAhitya kA adhyayana karane para yaha bAta spaSTa ho jAtI hai ki vastra-pAtra Adi upAdhiyoM kA vikAsa kramaza: hI huA hai| AcArAMga muni ke lie mUlata: acelatA kA hI samarthana karatA hai| apavAda rUpa meM vaha lajjA-nivAraNArtha guhyAMga Dhakane ke lie eka kaTi vastra aura zIta sahana nahIM kara sakane para zItakAla meM eka yA do atirikta vastra grahaNa karane kI anumati detA hai-unheM bhI grISmakAla meM tyAga dene kI bAta kahatA hai| isa prakAra usameM muni ke lie adhikatama tIna aura sAdhvI ke lie adhikatama cAra vastroM ko grahaNa karane kA hI vidhAna hai| AcArAMga aura samavAyAMga meM muni ko vastra dhAraNa karane kI anumati tIna kAraNoM se dI gaI hai - 1. indriya vikAra, 2. lajjAzIlatA aura 3. pariSaha (zIta) sahana karane meM asamarthatA / vastuta: mahAvIra ke saMgha meM dIkSita hue yuvA muniyoM ko indriyavikAra aura loka-lajjA ke nimitta prArambha meM adhovastra dhAraNa karanA par3atA hogA, jisako bAda meM ve tyAga dete hoNge| svayaM mahAvIra dvArA prArambha meM ekavastra grahaNa karanA bhI yahI sUcita karatA hai| yadyapi paramparAgata mAnyatAe~ kucha bhinna haiN| bhagavatI ArAdhanA jaise digambaroM jaina ekatA kA prazna : 11
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________________ ke dvArA mAnya granthoM meM bhI apavAdarUpa se muni ke vastra grahaNa karane kA vidhAna hai| aitihAsika dRSTi se yaha bAta bhI mahattvapUrNa hai ki acelatA aura pUrNa aparigraha kA samarthaka digambara muni varga bhI paristhitivaza parigraha ke paMka meM pha~sa gyaa| cauthI zatAbdI ke pazcAt se adhikAMza digambara muni na kevala jinAlayoM meM nivAsa karane lage apitu apane nAma se jamIna Adi kA dAna prApta karane lage - aura vastra dhAraNa kara rAjasabhAoM meM jAne lge| inhIM se digambara sampradAya meM bhaTTArakoM kI paramparA kA vikAsa huA hai| madhyayuga meM ina bhaTTArakoM kA hI sarvatra prabhAva thA aura acelaka digambara muni prAya: vilupta hI ho gaye the| unakI upasthiti ke koI aitihAsika pramANa upalabdha nahIM hote haiN| digambaratva kA samarthana to barAbara banA rahA kintu vyavahAra meM usakA pracalana nahIM raha skaa| vastuta: jina-mudrA ko dhAraNa karanA sahaja nahIM hai| Aja se 40-50 varSa pUrva taka sampUrNa bhArata meM digambara muniyoM kI saMkhyA dasa bhI nahIM thii| vartamAna nagna muniyoM kI paramparA kA prArambha 100 varSa se adhika purAnA nahIM hai vastuta: sAdhanA evaM tapa-tyAga ke aise uccatama Adarza kabhI loka vyavahArya nahIM rahe hai| manuSya cAhe apanI suvidhAbhogI vRtti ke kAraNa ho athavA unakI avyavahAryatA ke kAraNa ho, unase nIce avazya utarA hai| zvetAmbara munivarga to Agamokta muni AcAra ke zikhara se dhIre-dhIre kAphI nIce utara AyA hai, kintu digambara muni bhI aneka bAtoM me usa U~cAI para sthita nahIM raha sake, unheM bhI nIce utaranA par3A hai| vastuta: yaha saba hameM yaha batAtA hai ki munidharma kI sAdhanA ke kSetra meM kucha stara aura unake ArohaNa kA krama svIkAra karanA Avazyaka hai / muni kI nirvastratA kI poSaka digambara paramparA bhI ailaka evaM kSullaka ke rUpa meM do vargoM ko svIkAra karatI hai jo kevala vastra ke atirikta anya AcAra-niyamoM kA pAlana karane meM digambara muni ke samAna hI hote haiM aura digambara samAja meM unakI munivat pratiSThA bhI hotI hai| vivAda kA prazna mAtra itanA hai ki unheM ucca zreNI kA gRhastha mAnA jAye yA prAthamika zreNI kA muni / nivastratA ke AtyAntika Agraha ke kAraNa digambara paramparA unheM muni mAnane ko taiyAra nahIM hotI- kintu yadi taTastha bhAva se dekheM to unake lie kSullaka' zabda kA prayoga svayaM isa bAta ko sUcita karatA hai ki ve muniyoM ke varga ke sadasya haiM / kSullaka zabda kA artha choTA' hai, cU~ki ve muni jIvana kI sAdhanA ke prAthamika stara para haiM, ata: unheM kSullaka kahA jAtA hai| kSullaka zabda choTe muni kA sUcaka hai, choTe gRhastha kA nhiiN| zve. mAnya Agama uttarAdhyayana meM eka kSullakAdhyayana nAma se jo adhyAya hai, vaha jaina ekatA kA prazna : 12
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________________ muni AcAra ko hI abhivyakta karatA hai| isalie kSullaka muni hI hotA hai, gRhastha nhiiN| zvetAmbara AcAryoM ne kSullaka kA artha bAlavaya kA muni kiyA hai, yaha ucita nahIM lagatA hai| usakA artha sAdhanA ke prAthamika stara para sthita muni karanA adhika yukti-saMgata hai| aisA lagatA hai ki mahAvIra ke saMgha meM nirvastra aura savastra donoM hI prakAra ke muni the| zvetAmbara Agama to jinakalpa aura sthavira kalpa ke nAma se do vibhAga svIkAra karate hI haiM / digambara paramparA ko bhI yaha mAnane me koI Apatti nahIM hogI ki mahAvIra ke saMgha meM digambara muniyoM ke atirikta ailaka aura kSullaka bhI the| mAtra vastradhArI hone se ailaka aura kSullaka gRhastha nahIM kahe jA sakate / gRhastha to ghara meM nivAsa karatA hai, jisane ghara, parivAra Adi kA parityAga kara diyA hai vaha to anagAra hai, pravrajita hai, muni hai| ata: elaka, kSullaka ye muniyoM ke varga haiM, gRhasthoM ke nhiiN| aisA lagatA hai ki mahAvIra ne sAmAyika cAritra aura chedopasthApanIyacAritra kA jo bheda kiyA thA, usakA sambandha muniyoM ke do vargoM se hogaa| jainetara sAhitya bhI isa bAta kI puSTi karatA hai ki mahAvIra ke samaya meM hI nirgranthoM meM savastra aura nirvastra donoM varga the| bauddha piTaka sAhitya meM 'nigaMthA eka sATakA' ke rUpa meM eka vastra dhAraNa karane vAle nirgranthoM kA ullekha hai / AcArAMga aura uttarAdhyayana meM muni ke vastro ke prasaMga meM 'sAntarottara' zabda kA prayoga huA hai jo isa bAta kA pramANa hai ki kucha nirgrantha munieka adhovastra (kaTivastra) yA antaravAsaka ke sAtha uttarIya rakhate the| zve. paramparA paramparA dvArA "sAntarottara" kA artha raMgIna yA bahumUlya vastra karanA ucita nhiiN| aisA lagatA hai ki jahA~ mahAvIra ke muni yA to nagna rahate the yA kaTivastra dhAraNa karate the, vahA~ pArzvanAtha kI paramparA ke sAdhu kaTivastra ke sAtha uttarIya bhI dhAraNa karate the| AcArAMga kI vastra sambandhI yaha vyavasthA ailaka aura kSullaka kI vastra-maryAdAoM ke rUpa meM digambara samAja meM Aja bhI mAnya hai| . . ina saba carcAoM ke AdhAra para hama mani ke vastra sambandhI isa vivAda ko isa prakAra hala kara sakate haiM ki prAcIna paramparA ke anurUpa muniyoM ke do varga hoM - eka nirvastra aura dUsarA savastra / digambara paramparA yaha Agraha chor3e ki vastradhArI muni nahIM hai aura zvetAmbara paramparA nirvastra muniyoM kI AcAragata zreSThatA ko svIkAra kre| jahA~ taka muni AcAra ke dUsare niyamoM kA prazna hai - yaha satya hai ki zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM kI paramparAoM meM mUlabhUta Agamika mAnyatAoM se kApho skhalana huA hai| Aja koI bhI pUrI taraha se Agama ke niyamoM kA pAlana nahIM kara rahA hai| ata: niSpakSa vidvAn jaina ekatA kA prazna : 13
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________________ Agama grantha aura yugIna paristhitiyoM ko dRSTigata rakhakara vastra-pAtra sambandhI eka AcAra-saMhitA prastuta kare jise mAnya kara liyA jaaye| strImukti kA prazna aura samAdhAna zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparAoM kA dUsare vivAda kA muddA savastramukti yA strImukti kA hai| jahA~ taka isa sambandha meM Agamika mAnyatA kA prazna hai zvetAmbara Agama sAhitya isa bAta ko svIkAra karatA hai ki strI aura savastra kI mukti sambhava hai| yadyapi kundakundAcArya ke granthoM aura tattvArtha kI digambara AcAryoM kI TIkAoM meM strImukti kA niSedha hai| kintu kucha vidvAnoM ke anusAra digambara grantha mUlAcAra aura dhavalA TIkA meM isake samarthaka padya mile haiN| yadyapi isa samasyA kA hala ina granthoM ke AdhAroM para nahIM khojA jA sakatA, kyoMki uttarAdhyayana ke eka apavAda ko chor3akara zvetAmbara aura digambara sAhitya ke prAcInatama aMza prAya: isa sambandha meM spaSTarUpa se kucha bhI prakAza nahIM DAlate haiM, jabaki sampradAya bheda ke bAda racita paravartI sAhitya meM donoM apane pakSa kI puSTi karate haiN| jJAtA-dharma-kathA jisameM mallI kA strI tIrthaMkara ke rUpa meM citraNa hai tathA antakRtadazA, jisameM aneka striyoM kI mukti ke ullekha haiM, vidvAnoM kI dRSTi meM saMgha-bheda ke bAda kI racanAe~ haiN| niSpakSa rUpa se yadi vicAra kiyA jAye to bAta spaSTa hai ki baMdhana aura mukti kA prazna AtmA se sambandhita hai, na ki zarIra se / bandhana aura mukti donoM AtmA kI hotI hai, zarIra kI nahIM / punaH zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparAe~ isa viSaya meM bhI ekamata haiM ki AtmA svarUpa: nastrI hai aura na puruss| sAtha hI AtmA kA bandhana aura mukti rAga-dveSa yA kaSAya kI upasthiti aura anupasthiti para nirbhara hai-usakA strIparyAya se koI se sIdhA sambandha nahIM hai| vastuta: jo bhI rAga-dveSa kI granthiyoM se mukta hoMge, jo vItarAga aura kSINa kaSAya hoMge, aura jo nirveda arthAt strItvapuruSatva kI vAsanA se rahita hoMge, vahIM mukta hoNge| mukti kA nikaTatama kAraNa rAga-dveSa rUpI karma-bIja kA naSTa honA aura vItarAgatA kA prakaTa honA hai| ata: yahI mAnanA upayukta hogA ki jo bhI vItarAga ho sakegA vahI mukta hogA - yahA~ strI kA, savastra muni yA gRhastha kA, yA anya paramparAoM ke veza dhAraNa karane vAloM kA rAga samApta hogA yA nahIM, isa vivAda meM par3anA na to ucita hai aura na Avazyaka hai-jo bhI vItarAga evaM niSkaSAya ho sakegA vaha mukta ho sakegA-yadi strI paryAyadhArI AtmA ke kaSAya kSINa ho jAyeMge to vaha mukta ho jAyegI, yadi nahIM ho sakeMge to nahIM ho skegii| jaina ekatA kA prazna : 14
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________________ isase Age bar3hakara yaha kahanA ki usake kaSAya samApta hI nahIM hoMge, hameM aisA koI Agraha nahIM rakhanA cAhie / puna: zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM paramparAe~ Aja yaha mAnatI haiM ki abhI 82 hajAra varSa taka to isa bharatakSetra se koI mukta honevAlA nahIM hai| sAtha hI donoM ke anusAra unnIsa hajAra varSa bAda jinazAsana kA viccheda ho jAnA hai - arthAt donoM sampradAyoM ko bhI samApta ho jAnA hai| isakA artha yaha huA ki donoM sampradAyoM ke jIvanakAla meM yaha vivAdAspada ghaTanA ghaTita hI nahIM honA hai to phira usa sambandha meM vyartha vivAda kyoM kiyA jaayeN| kyA itanA mAna lenA paryApta nahI hai-jo bhI rAga-dveSa kI vRttiyoM se Upara uTha sakegA krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha rUpI kaSAyoM ko jIta sakegA, vahI mukti kA adhikArI hogaa| kahA bhI hai - 'kaSAyamukti kilmuktirev'| kevalI kavalAhAra kA prazna aura samAdhAna zvetAmbara evaM digambara paramparAoM meM vivAda kA tIsarA muddA kevalI ke AhAravihAra se sambandhita hai| isa sambandha meM vaijJAnika aura vyavahArika dRSTi se zve. paramparA kA mata adhika yuktisaMgata lagatA hai, kyoMki zarIra ke lie AhAra Avazyaka hai yadi kevalI zarIra-dhArI hai to usake lie bhI AhAra Avazyaka hai| yadyapi kevalI yA sarvajJa ko alaukika vyaktitva se yukta mAna lene para yaha bAta bhI tarkagamya lagatI hai ki usameM AhAra Adi kI pravRtti nahI honI cAhie kyoMki AhAra, vacana Adi kI pravRttiyA~ icchApUrvaka hoMgI, kintu jo vItarAga haiM, anAsakta haiM, unakI koI icchA nahIM ho sktii| ve to zarIra se bhI nirapekSa hai, ata: unameM zarIra-rakSaNa kA bhI koI prayatna hogA aisA mAnanA bhI ucita nahIM hai| Azcaryajanaka yaha hai ki zvetAmbara Agama-sAhitya meM bhI kevala bhagavatI ke eka prasaMga-jo prakSipta hI lagatA hai, ko chor3a kara kahIM aisA spaSTa ullekha nahIM milatA hai jisameM kaivalaya kI prApti ke pazcAt mahAvIra kahIM AhAra lene gaye hoM yA unake lie AhAra lAyA gayA ho yA unhoMne AhAra grahaNa kiyA ho-yaha bAta zvetAmbara paramparA ke lie bhI vicAraNIya avazya hai| Akhira aise ullekha kyoM nahIM milate? . yadyapi bhAvanAtmaka ekatA kI dRSTi se isa vivAda ko hala karanA ho to itanA mAna lenA paryApta hogA ki kevalI svata: AhAra Adi kI prApti kI icchA yA prayatna nahIM karatA hai| vartamAna sandarbho meM isa bAta ko adhika mahattva denA isalie bhI ucita nahIM hai ki donoM ke anusAra agale 82000 varSa taka bharatakSetra meM koI kevalI nahIM jaina ekatA kA prazna : 15
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________________ hogaa| mUrtipUjA kA prazna jainadharma ke sampradAyoM meM eka mukhya vivAdAspada prazna mUrtipUjA ke sambandha meM hai| digambara sampradAya ke tAraNapanthI aura zvetAmbara sampradAya ke sthAnakavAsI evaM terApanthI mUrtipUjA kA virodha karate haiN| mUrtipUjA ko lekara adhika mahattvapUrNa prazna yaha hai ki jainadharma meM mUrtipUjA kA pracalana kaba se huA ? yaha bAta spaSTa hai ki aitihAsika dRSTi se prAcInatama Agama AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, dazavaikAlika, uttarAdhyayana Adi meM mUrti yA mUrtipUjA ke sandarbha meM koI spaSTa ullekha nahIM pAye jAte haiM / antakRta Adi kucha paravartI AgamoM meM yakSa Adi kI pratimAoM aura unake pUjana kA ullekha to hai kintu jina-pratimA ke pUjana kA koI ullekha nahIM hai| devalokoM meM zAzvata jinapratimA sambandhI ullekha tathA sUryAbhadeva-aura draupAdI ke dvArA jina-pratimA ke pUjana sambandhI ullekha samavAyAMga bhagavatI, jJAtAdharmakathA evaM rAjapraznIya meM prApta hote haiM, kintu vizAla Agama-sAhitya kI dRSTi se ye saba ullekha bhI atyalpa hI kahe jA sakate haiN| dUsare vidvAnoM dvArA ina Agama granthoM kA racanAkAla AcArAMga Adi kI apekSA kAphI paravartI mAnA jAtA hai| jina-pratimA ke pUjana ke sambandha meM vistRta nirdeza hameM uttarakAlIna racanAoM, Agamika niyuktiyoM, cUrNiyoM, bhASyoM, vRttiyoM aura TIkAoM meM hI upalabdha hote haiN| mahAvIra ke pUrva jina-pratimAoM ke astitva kA koI sAhityika evaM purAtAtvika sAkSya bhI upalabdha nahIM hai| yadyapi har3appA se prApta eka nagnapuruSa kI choTI sI mRttikA-mUrti ko jina-pratimA kahA jAtA hai kintu vaha jinapratimA hai, yaha bAta vivAdAspada hI hai| mahAvIra kI jIvanacaryA ke sambandha meM AcArAMga, kalpasUtra Adi meM jo prAcInatama ullekha upalabdha haiM usameM unake kisI jina-mandira meM jAne yA jinamUrti ke pUjana kA ullekha nahIM hai, yadyapi yakSAyatanoM aura yakSa-caityoM meM unake jAne aura vizrAma karane ke ullekha pracuratA se milate haiM / IsA pUrva dUsarItIsarI zatAbdI taka racita jaina grantha jina pratimA aura usake pUjana ke sambandha meM mauna hI haiN| digambara paramparA ke kundakunda Adi ke AgamarUpa mAnya granthoM meM jina-pratimA sambandhI kvacit nirdeza haiM, kintu ye sabhI IsA ke bAda kI racanAe~ haiN| jainadharma meM mUrtipUjA kI prAcInatA ko siddha karane ke lie yaha kahA jAtA hai ki mahAvIra ke jIvanakAla meM hI unakI candana kI eka pratimA kA nirmANa huA thA, jaina ekatA kA prazna : 16
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________________ jisameM unheM rAjakumAra ke rUpa meM tapasyA karate hue aMkita kiyA gayA thaa| cU~ki yaha pratimA unake jIvanakAla meM hI nirmita huI thI, isalie ise jIvantasvAmI kI pratimA kahA gayA hai| jIvantasvAmI kI pratimA kA ullekha saMghadAsagaNikRta vasudevahiNDI, jinadAsakRta AvazyakacUrNi aura haribhadrasUri kI AvazyakavRtti meM hai, para ye sabhI paravartI kAla arthAt IsA kI pA~cavI, chaThI, sAtavIM aura AThavIM zatAbdI kI racanAe~ haiN| unake kathana kI prAmANikatA ko kevala zraddhA ke AdhAra para hI svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai / jIvantasvAmI kI prApta sabhI pratimAe~ purAtAttvika dRSTi se pA~cavIM-chaThI zatAbdI kI haiN| jIvantasvAmI kI pratimA ke sambandha meM DaoN. mArutinandanaprasAda tivArI kA yaha niSkarSa draSTavya hai "pA~cavI-chaThI zatAbdI IsavI ke pahale jIvantasvAmI ke sambandha meM hameM kisI prakAra kI aitihAsika sUcanA prApta nahIM hotI hai|" isa prakAra koI bhI aisA sAhityika aura purAtAtvika sAkSya prApta nahIM hotA hai, jisake AdhAra para mahAvIra ke pUrva athavA unake jIvanakAla meM jina-pratimA kI upasthiti ko siddha kiyA jA ske| yadyapi purAtAtvika sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para nizcita rUpa se yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki jina-pratimA kA nirmANa mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke lagabhaga Der3ha sau-do sau varSa pazcAt arthAt IsA pUrva kI tIsarI, cauthI zatAbdI meM ho gayA thaa| sabase prAcIna upalabdha jina-pratimA lohanIpura kI hai jo paTanA saMgrahAlaya meM surakSita hai| yaha pratimA lagabhaga IsA pUrva tIsarI zatAbdI kI hai / yadyapi mUrti kA zirobhAga anupalabdha hai, kintu mUrti kI digambaratA aura kAyotsarga mudrA use jina-pratimA siddha karatI hai| mauryayugIna camakadAra Alepa ke atirikta usI sthala ke utkhanana se prApta mauryayugIna IMTeM evaM eka rajata Ahata mudrA bhI mUrti ke mauryakAlIna hone ke samarthaka sAkSya haiN| isI kAla kI kucha anya jina-pratimAe~ evaM tatsambandhI hAthI-guphA ke zilAlekha bhI upalabdha haiN| IsA pUrva dUsarI aura prathama zatAbdI kI to aneka jina-pratimAe~ aura AyAgapaTa mathurA se prApta hue haiM, jinase yaha spaSTa rUpa se siddha hotA hai ki jainadharma meM mUrtipUjA kA pracalana IsA se lagabhaga tIna sau varSa pUrva prArambha ho gayA thaa| cAhe yaha bAta vivAdAspada ho sakatI hai ki mahAvIra ne jina-pratimA ke pUjana kA upadeza diyA thA yA nahIM? kintu yaha nirvivAda satya hai ki jainadharma meM jina-pratimA ke nirmANa aura pUjana kI paramparA lagabhaga bAIsa sau, teIsa sau varSoM se nirantara calI A rahI hai| puna: jinapratimAe~ aura jina-mandira, jainadharma, jaina saMskRti aura itihAsa kI eka mahattvapUrNa jaina ekatA kA prazna: 17
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________________ dharohara haiM, jise asvIkAra karane kA artha apane itihAsa aura saMskRti ko hI asvIkAra karanA hogaa| ___yaha bhI eka aitihAsika tathya hai ki jainadharma kI zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM hI paramparAoM meM mUrtipUjA kA virodha solahavIM zatAbdI se prArambha huaa| mUrtipUjAvirodhI yaha Andolana islAmadharma se prabhAvita hai| isa bAta kI puSTi isa tathya se bhI hotI hai ki jainadharma meM mUrtipUjA kA virodha karane vAle lokAzAha aura tAraNa svAmI donoM hI muslima zAsakoM ke rAjyAdhikArI the| kintu yaha mAnanAbhI ki kevala muslamAnoM ke prabhAva ke kAraNa jainadharma meM mUrtipUjA kA virodha prArambha huA, pUrI taraha satya nahIM hogaa| jainadharma meM mUrtipUjA ke virodha ke kucha Antarika kAraNa bhI the| mUrtipUjA ke nAma para bar3hatA huA ADambara, hiMsA kA samarthana aura jaTila karmakANDa bhI isa virodha meM sahAyaka bane haiN| mUrtipUjA ke samarthaka paM. banArasIdAsa jI ne svayaM isI yuga meM mUrtipUjA ke nAma para hone vAlI hiMsA aura karmakANDa kA virodha kiyA thaa| mUrtipUjA sambandhI jo vivAda Aja jaina sampradAyoM meM hai, usakA nirNaya yadi zAstra kI apekSA sAmAnya buddhi ke AdhAra para kareM to kisI eka samanvayAtmaka niSkarSa para pahu~cA jA sakatA hai| usa sambandha me usakI upayogitA ko hI AdhAra banAkara calanA hogaa| niSpakSa zodhoM se yaha bAta spaSTarUpa se pramANita ho cukI hai ki jainadharma me mUrti aura mUrtipUjA kA vikAsa kramikarUpa se huA hai| purAtAtvika aura sAhityika sAkSya isake pramANa haiN| dUsare yaha bhI satya hai ki mUrtipUjA ko lekara paravartIyuga meM jitane ADambara aura karmakANDa khar3e kiye gaye haiM, unhoMne jainadharma kI mUlAtmA para kuThArAghAta kiyA hai| unhoMne eka sahaja evaM sarala sAdhanA paddhati ko jaTila banAyA hai| mUrtipUjA ke sAtha jur3ane vAle isa karmakANDa para brAhmaNa saMskRti aura bhaktimArga kA prabhAva hai| cakrezvarI, maNibhadra evaM yakSa-yakSI, bhairava Adi kI pUjA evaM yajJa jaina-siddhAntoM kI mUlAtmA ke sAtha mela nahIM khAte haiM / yadyapi jainoM kI AsthA ko dUsarI ora kendrita hotA dekhakara jainAcAryoM ko yaha saba karanA par3A thaa| yaha nirvivAda tathya hai ki mAnava jAti ke itihAsa meM prArambha se hI mUrtiyoM aura pratikRtiyoM kA mahatva rahA hai / Adi-yuga ke zailacitra aura guhAcitra isa bAta ke pramANa haiM ki mAnavIya sabhyatA ke prArambha se hI pratikRtiyoM ke nirmANa ne manuSya ko AkarSita kiyA hai| pratIka pUjA kA itihAsa bahuta purAnA hai| vastuta: mAnavIya sabhyatA jaina ekatA kA prazna H 18
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________________ pratIkAtmakakalA ke sahAre hI vikasita huI hai| hamArI bhASA aura hamAre zabda-saMketa, jinake AdhAra para hamAre dharmazAstra race gae hai, mAnavIya bhAvanAoM aura vicAroM kI abhivyakti kI pratIkAtmaka zailI hai| cAhe hama vRkSoM kI pUjA kareM, stUpoM kI pUjA kareM, cAhe zAstroM kI pUjA kareM, sabhI pratIka pUjA ke rUpa meM hai| vAstavikatA yaha hai ki mAnava apanI bhAvanAoM kI abhivyakti ke lie pratIkoM, citroM aura pratikRtiyoM (mUrtiyoM) kA upayoga karatA rahA hai| mAtra yahI nahIM vaha apane pUjyajanoM ke pratIka cihoM aura unakI pratikRtiyoM ke prati prAcInakAla se hI zraddhA aura sammAna kA bhAva rakhatA AyA hai / Adima jAtiyoM meM tathA hindU dharma meM pratIkapUjA pracalita hai hI, kintu mUrtipUjA ke kaTTara virodhI islAma dharma meM bhI kisI na kisI rUpa meM pratIka pUjA pracalita hai| kAbe ke pavitra patthara kA cumbana, hajarata muhammada ke pavitra bAla ke prati muslima sampradAya kI AsthA, kabra-pUjA aura muharrama ye saba pratIkapUjA ke hI to rUpa haiM / adhika kyA mUrtipUjA ke virodhI jainadharma ke sthAnavAsI, terApaMthI aura tAraNapaMthI sampradAyoM ke anuyAyiyoM ke gharoM meM bhI apane pUjya mAtA-pitAoM, dharma-guruoM aura sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke citro ko suvidhA se dekhA jA sakatA hai| sthAnakavAsI aura terApaMthI paramparA ke adhikAMza ghara aba apane AcAryoM ke citroM se maMDita haiM aura una citroM ke prati unake mana meM zraddhA aura Adara kA bhAva hai / lekhaka ne svayaM aneka sthAnoM para sthAnakavAsI aura terApaMthI AcAryoM ke citroM ke samIpa unake anuyAyiyoM ko dhUpadIpadAna karate dekhA hai| aneka sthAnakavAsI, terApaMthI aura tAraNapaMthI tIrthayAtrA karate hue AsAnI se dekhe jA sakate haiN| yadyapi nirguNopAsanA yA bhAvArAdhanA eka ucca sthiti hai kintu mUrti kA pUrNa virodha samucita nahIM hai / mUrtiyoM aura citro ke prati manuSya kA AkarSaNa aura zraddhAbhAva svAbhAvika hai| yaha bhI sahI hai ki manuSyoM kI bhAvanAoM ke pavitrIkaraNa evaM vItarAga ke guNoM kA smaraNa dilAne meM mUrti nimitta kAraNa avazya hai| vaha dhyAna kA Alambana hai tathA hamAre hRdayoM ko pavitra bhAvanAoM aura zraddhA se ApUrita karatI hai / ata: mUrti kA ekAntika virodha bhI ucita nahIM haiN| yadyapi mUrti ko mUrtirUpa meM hI svIkAra karanA caahie| vaha vItarAga prabhu yA bhagavAn nhiiN| mUrti bhagavAn hai-yaha mAnane ke kAraNa aneka andhavizvAsoM ko bar3hAvA milatA hai| mUrtiyoM ke sambandha meM aneka camatkArika ghaTanAe~ pracalita haiM, ve cAhe eka bAra hamArI zraddhA ko Andolita karatI hoM kintu jainadharma kI sAdhanA aura upAsanA se usakA koI sambandha nahIM hai| mUrtiyoM kI camatkArikatA kI jaina ekatA kA prazna : 19
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________________ bAta isalie buddhigamya nahIM hai ki jisakI ve pratimAe~ haiM, vaha to vItarAga hai- usakA isa camatkAra pradarzana Adi se koI sambandha nahIM hai| yadi yaha kahA jAe ki jina zAsana rakSaka deva aisA karate haiM, to ve una atizayakSetroM kI pratimAoM, jinheM lekara donoM pakSa na kevala jhagar3ate haiM, apitu usa pratimA ke sAtha bhI azobhanIya kRtya karate haiM, ke sambandha meM koI aisA camatkAra kyoM nahIM dikhAte, jisase vivAda zAMta ho jAye aura sthiti prakaTa ho jAye / kyA jina aura jinazAsana kI isa phajIhata ko dekhakara unheM tarasa nahIM AtA ? ataH mUrti ko camatkAra se nahIM, sAdhanA se jodd'eN| I jahA~ taka zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparAoM kI mUrtioM kI bhinnatA ke samAdhAna kA prazna hai, yaha satya hai ki prArambha meM zvetAmbara jaina bhI nagna mUrtiyoM kI hI pUjA karate the| mathurA kI digambara mUrtiyA~ zvetAmbara AcAryoM ke dvArA hI pratiSThita thIM / unake gaccha aura zAkhAoM ke nAma nandI aura kalpasUtra kI paTTAvaliyoM ke anurUpa hI haiM / vahA~ jo kaNha nAmaka jaina muni kI mUrti milI hai, kaTivastra ke cinha se yukta nahIM hai, kintu nagnatA chipAne ke lie hAtha para vastrakhaNDa ke sAtha hI AryikA kI mUrti bhI hai jo savastra hai / zvetAmbara digambara mUrtiyo kI bhinnatA saMghabheda ke bahuta bAda kI ghaTanA hai / AbhUSaNa, alaMkaraNa aura sphaTika netra Adi kA prayoga aura bhI bAda meM huA hai / niSpakSa dRSTi se vicAra karane para yaha lagatA hai ki vItarAga pratimA para yaha aMga prazobhana ucita nahIM hai / mUrti aura mandira ke sAtha jo parigraha jur3atA jA rahA hai vaha yuktisaMgata nahIM hai / zvetAmbara muni zrI nyAyavijaya jI ne bhI isakA virodha kiyA thA / Aja yahI saba vivAdoM kA mukhya kAraNa bana rahA hai / ekatA kI dRSTi se yahI acchA vikalpa hogA ki padmAsana kI dhyAna mudrAyukta pratimAoM ko hI apanAyA jAe aura usa para kandorA, laMgoTa, sphaTika netra Adi kA upayoga na ho / yadyapi ise tabhI apanAnA hogA, jabaki donoM sampradAya apanA vilInIkaraNa kara leM anyathA aisI mUrtiyoM ko lekara jaise vivAda Aja hai, vaise vivAda bAda meM bhI uTha khar3e hoNge| jahA~ taka mUrtipUjA sambandhI vidhi-vidhAna kA prazna hai, usameM bhI ADambaravAda hI bar3hA hai, ata: acchA yahI hogA ki digambara paramparA ke terApaMtha meM jo acita dravyoM pUjA kA vidhAna hai use svIkAra kara liyA jAye / dravya-pUjA meM hiMsA alpatama ho, yaha bAta dhyAna meM rakhanA Avazyaka hai| jina mandiroM meM yajJoM ko to tatkAla banda kara jaina ekatA kA prazna : 20
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________________ denA cAhie, yaha pUrNata: brAhmaNa saMskRti kA prabhAva hai| mAtra yahI nahIM dravya-pUjA kI apekSA bhAvapUjA para aura prabhu-bhakti ke mAdhyama se prabhu ke guNoM ko jIvana meM utArane kA lakSya adhika rhe| jina-pratimA hamArI bhAvanAoM kI vizuddhi kA sAdhana hai aura eka sAdhana ke rUpa meM usakA sthAna hai| yahA~ yaha bhI dhyAna rakhanA hogA ki mUrti aura usakI dravyapUjA kI AvazyakatA, sAdhanA aura jJAna ke prAthamika stara para usI prakAra hai, jisa prakAra varNamAlA kA arthabodha karAne ke lie prAthamika stara para citroM kI sahAyatA apekSita hai| mukhavasitrakA ke prazna kA samanvaya zve. sampradAyoM meM eka vivAda mukhavastrikA ko lekara bhI hai / sthAnakavAsI aura zvetAmbara-terApaMthI DorA DAlakara use sadaiva hI mukha para bA~dhe rahate haiN| mukhavastrikA kA vikAsa mahAvIra ke paravartI kAla meM huA hai| aisA koI bhI Thosa pramANa nahIM hai, jisase siddha ho ki mahAvIra ne mukhavastrikA rakhI thii| AcArAMga ke prAcInatama aMza prathama zrutaskandha meM mukhavastrikA kA ullekha nahIM hai / yadyapi lagabhaga do hajAra varSa pUrva se isakA prayoga zvetAmbara paramparA meM hotA rahA hai, aisA zvetAmbara Agama sAhitya se siddha hotA hai / tathApi DorA DAlakara bA~dhane ke sambandha meM Thosa aitihAsika pramANa 1718vIM ke pUrva ke nahIM mile haiN| mukhavastrikA ke upayoga kA mukhya uddezya to vAyukAyika jIvoM kI rakSA hai / DorA DAlakara usakA prayoga karanA mAtra eka suvidhA kI bAta hai| ekatA kI dRSTi se isa samasyA kA hala yahI ho sakatA hai-pravacana Adi ke prasaMgoM para use bA~dhA jAye, anya avasaroM para bAtacIta karate samaya usakA sAvadhAnIpUrvaka upayoga kiyA jaaye| dayA-dAna ke vivAda kA prazna - zvetAmbara-terApaMtha kA jaina samAja ke anya sampradAyoM se mukhya vivAda dayAdAna ke prazna ko lekara hai / yadyapi Aja yaha kahA jAtA hai ki AcArya bhikSu ne sthAnakavAsI samAja ke sAdhuoM me AI AcAragata vikRtiyoM ko dUra karane ke lie krAnti kI thI; cAhe isa bAta meM AMzika satyatA bhI ho kintu mUla bAta to vicAragata bhinnatA kI thii| mUla prazna yahI thA ki loka-maMgala ke una kAryoM ko, jinameM alpatama hiMsA kI bhI sambhAvanA ho, dharma ke arntagata mAnA jAye athavA nahIM ? AcArya bhikSu ne aise kAryoM ko spaSTarUpa se dharma sAdhanA ke antargata nahIM mAnA thaa| cAhe unakI isa , jaina ekatA kA prazna : 21
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________________ mAnyatA ke pIche nirapekSa ahiMsA ke siddhAnta kA aura tatsambandhI sUtrakRtAMga Adi ke kucha Agamika pramANoM kA bala bhI ho, kintu yaha avadhAraNa manuSya kI janakalyANakArI pravRttiyoM ke virodha meM jAtI hai aura loka vyavahAra meM jainadharma ko AlocanA kA viSaya banAtI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki terApantha paramparA ke vyavahArakuzala AcArya tulasI ne isa vAstavikatA ko samajhA hai aura loka vyavahAra ke nAma para hI sahI, loka kalyANakArI pravRttiyoM ke lie zrAvaka saMgha ko protsAhita kiyA hai| isa sambandha meM kaTTara terApaMthiyoM ne unakI AlocanA bhI kI hai, kintu unhoMne sAhasapUrvaka yaha parivartana kiyA hai| rANAvAsa kI zikSA saMsthAe~ aura lADanUM kA Ayurvedika cikitsA kendra isa bAta kA spaSTa pramANa haiM / Aja koI bhI terApanthI muni anya sampradAya ke muniyoM ko AhAra dene meM yA asaMyatI janoM kI sevA karanA pApa hai-aisA spaSTa udghoSa nahIM karatA hai| yaha eka zubha lakSaNa hai-isake kAraNa terApaMtha aura dUsare jaina sampradAyoM ke bIca kI dUrI kama huI hai aura vaha jana sAdhAraNa meM AlocanA kA viSaya banane se bacA hai| vyavahAra ke kSetra meM sevA aura dAna kA mahattva hai, itanA to hameM mAnakara calanA hogaa| hamArI ekatA kA svarUpa kyA ho ? ekatA kI bAta karanA sahaja hai, kintu vaha ekatA kisa prakAra sambhava hogI, yaha batA pAnA kaThina hai| ekatA kA eka rUpa to vaha ho sakatA hai, jisameM sabhI apane nAmarUpa khokara eka ho jAyeM arthAt sabhI sampradAya vilIna hokara jainadharma aura samAja kA eka hI rUpa astitva meM raheM / ekatA kA yaha svarUpa Adarza to ho sakatA hai, kintu isakI vyavahAryatA sandehAspada hai| Aja sampradAyoM kI jar3eM itanI gaharI jama cukI haiM ki unheM pUrI taraha ukhAr3a pAnA sambhava nahIM hai| sampradAyoM ke astitva ke sAtha hI logoM ke hita aura sammAna ke prazna jur3e hue haiN| bAhara se cAhe hama saba ekatA kI bAteM kareM, kintu bhItara se koI bhI apane astitva aura ahaM ko vilIna karane ko taiyAra nahIM hai| jaba bhI hameM apane hitoM yA astitva ke prati khatarA najara AtA hai, hama dharma khatare meM hai' kA nArA lagAnA prArambha kara dete haiN| jaba Aja hama eka mUrti yA mandira para se bhI apanA adhikAra chor3anA nahIM cAhate hai, to kyA yaha sambhava hai ki hama apanI sampUrNa sAmAjika evaM dhArmika sampatti ko samarpita karane ko sahaja hI taiyAra ho jaaeNge| jaba sthAnakavAsI muni varga hI apanI banAI huI ekatA ko kAyama nahIM rakha sakA, to yaha kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ki sabhI sampradAyoM ke muni aura zrAvaka apanI-apanI dhAraNAoM ko tyAga kara eka sUtra meM baMdha jaaeNge| jaina ekatA kA prazna : 22
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________________ - jaina samAja meM aura vizeSarUpa se sthAnakavAsI samAja meM abhI bhI kucha aise AcArya evaM pramukha munigaNa hai, jo dUsare sampradAya ke AcAryoM evaM muniyoM ke sAtha baiThane, pravacana dene, unase vicAra-carcA karane meM apane samyakatva kI hAni samajhate haiN| hamArA ahaM eka pATa se bhI santuSTa nahIM hotA-pATa para pATa lagAyA jAtA hai, jabaki kahIM AryikAoM ko aura kahIM to sAmAnya muniyoM ko bhI unake sammukha bhUmi para baiThanA hotA hai| anekoM meM yaha lalaka hotI hai ki dUsare samAja ke pratiSThita AcArya, vidvAna aura rAjanetA unake samIpa to AyeM kintu unheM barAbarI kA Asana dene meM hama saMkoca kA anubhava karate haiN| aneka bAra aisI ghaTanAe~ AlocanA kA viSaya banI haiM aura unhoMne pArasparika vaimanasya kI khAI ko adhika caur3A kiyA hai| apane ko samyaktavI, apane ko saMyatI (sAdhu) aura dUsare ko asaMyatI (asAdhu), apane ko zuddhAcArI aura dUsaroM ko zithilAcArI mAnanA yA kahanA bhI bhAvAtmaka ekatA kI sabase bar3I bAdhA hai, ata: isa dRSTi ko sabase pahale chor3anA hogA muni AcAra meM taratamatA mahAvIra se lekara Aja taka rahI hai aura bhaviSya meM bhI rahegI kintu vyAvahArika jIvana meM yadi isa AdhAra para bhedabhAva kiyA jAegA, to sAmAjika ekatA khaNDita hogii| kyA eka hI sampradAya ke sabhI sAdhu jJAna, tapasyA, sAdhanA Adi kI dRSTi se samAna hote haiM ? yadi unameM taratamatA hote hue bhI unake prati samAna vyavahAra hotA hai, to phira anya sampradAyoM ke prati samAdara evaM samAnatA kA vyavahAra kyoM nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| yadyapi yaha prasannatA kA viSaya hai ki Aja adhikAMza muniyoM meM pArasparika milana aura samAdara kI bhAvanA bar3hI hai aura isake suphala bhI sAmane Aye haiM, purAnI kaTutA aura AlocanA-pratyAlocanA meM kamI huI hai, phira bhI abhI prayatnoM kI AvazyakatA hai, jisase vividha sampradAya ke AcArya eka dUsare ke nikaTa A sake, tAki bhAvAtmaka ekatA kI dizA meM hama Age bar3ha sk| hamArI ekarUpatA ke Adarza svarUpa kA prastutIkaraNa to hamane vivAdaspada praznoM kI carcA karate hue kiyA hai, kintu unakI vyavahAryatA Aja kitanI hogI? yaha batA pAnA kaThina hai| ata: ekatA ke Adarza kI ora bar3hane ke lie hameM kucha caraNa nizcita kara lene hoNge| prathama caraNa meM hameM ve kArya karane hoMge, jinase pArasparika kaTutA kama ho| ina sambandha meM nimna upAya karane hoMge - (1). mUrtiyoM maMdiroM aura tIrthoM athavA anya sampatti sambandhI vivAda yathAzIghra nipaTA liye jaaeN| isake lie niSpakSa logoM kA eka nyAyAdhikaraNa (paMcAyata) banA diyA jAe aura sabhI vivAda use supurda kara diye jaayeN| vaha vivAdoM ke tathyoM kI samIkSA jaina ekatA kA prazna : 23
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________________ karake anta meM jo nirNaya de, use mAnya kara liya jaae| mUrti aura mandira sambandhI nirNayoM meM jaisA ki pUrva meM tIrthaMkara ke sampAdaka DA. nemIcaMdajI ne sUcita kiyA thA- purAtatvavidoM kI sahAyatA lI jA sakatI haiN| spaSTa evaM tatthAtmaka sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para jina vivAdoM kA nirAkaraNa sambhava ho, unake sambandha meM vibhAjana kI nIti apanA lI jaae| isa sambandha meM yadi dAnoM sampradAya ke loga udAradRSTi kA paricaya deM, to yaha asambhava nahIM hai| (2). paraspara eka dUsare kI AlocanA, parcebAjI yA eka dUsare ke virUddha samAcAra patroM meM lekhana banda kara diyA jaae| (3). vibhinna sampradAyoM ke AcAryoM ke pArasparika milana evaM sAmUhika pravacanoM ke lie prayAsa kiye jaaeN| ve milana ke samaya eka dUsare ko samAna bhAva se Adara pradAna kreN| pravacana maMca para sabhI ko barAbarI kA sthAna diyA jaae| (4). mahAvIra jayantI, kSamApanA Adi parvo ko sAmUhika rUpa se manAyA jAye / parvatithiyoM, saMvatsarI Adi kI ekarUpatA kA prayatna kiyA jaaye| (5). sarva sampradAyoM kI bhArata jaina mahAmaNDala yA jaina mahAsabhA jaisI koI saMsthA ho, jo pArasparika vivAdoM ko sulajhAne ke sAtha hI jaina samAja ke sAmAnya hitoM kI rakSA kA prayatna kare tathA bhAvI ekatA ke lie AdhArabhUmi prastuta kre| dUsare caraNa meM hameM vibhinna upasampradAyoM evaM gacchoM ke vilInIkaraNa kA prayAsa karanA hogA- arthAt sthAnakavAsI, zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka evaM terApanthI apane AvAntara matabhedoM ko tyAgakara apanA saMgaThana taiyAra kreN| isI caraNa meM digambara sampradAya bhI apane avAntara bhedoM ko samApta kara ekarUpa ho jAye / yaha kArya duHsAdhya to nahIM haiM, kintu zramasAdhya avazya hai| prabuddha muniyoM kI dekharekha meM niSpakSa vidvAnoM kI aisI samiti banA dI jAye, jo pratyeka sampradAya ke lie Agama aura vartamAna paristhiti donoM ko dhyAna meM rakhakara eka AcAra saMhitA prastuta kare / jaba dhIre-dhIre ima avAntara sampradAyoM ke saMgaThana sudRr3ha ho jAyeM to anta meM tIsare caraNa meM sarva sampradAyoM ke vilInIkaraNa ke lie jainadharma kA sarvamAnya svarUpa prastuta kiyA jAye aura cAroM sampradAya apane nAma rUpoM ko vilIna kara usa eka hI mahAsaMgha ke aMga bana jaayeN| .. jaina ekatA kA prazna : 24
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________________ paryuSaNa parva evaM saMvatsarI kI ekarUpatA kA prazna jaina paramparA meM paryoM ko do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA haiM- eka laukika parva aura dUsare AdhyAtmika prv| payurSaNa kI gaNanA AdhyAtmika parva ke rUpa meM kI gaI hai| ise parvAdhirAja kahA jAtA hai| Agamika sAhitya meM upalabdha sUcanAoM ke AdhAra para paryuSaNa parva ati prAcIna pratIta hotA hai| prAcIna Agama sAhitya meM isakI nizcita tithi evaM parva dinoM kI saMkhyA kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| mAtra itanA hI saMketa milatA hai ki bhAdra zuklA paMcamI kA atikramaNa nahIM karanA cAhiye / vartamAna meM zvetAmbara paramparA kA mUrtipUjaka sampradAya ise bhAdrakRSNA dvAdazI se bhAdra zuklA caturthI taka tathA sthAnakavAsI aura terApaMthI sampradAya ise bhAdra kRSNA trayodazI se bhAdra zuklA paMcamI taka mAnatA hai| digambara paramparA meM yaha parva bhAdra zuklA caturdazI taka manAyA jAtA hai| usameM ise dasa lakSaNa parva ke nAma se bhI jAnA jAtA hai| zve. paramparA ke bRhada-kalpa bhASya meM aura digambara paramparA ke mUlAcAra meM aura yApanIya paramparA ke grantha bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM dasa kalpoM ke prasaMga meM paNNosavaNa kappa kA bhI ullekha hai, kintu ina granthoM ke sAtha hI zve. chedasUtra- AyAradasA (dazAzrutaskandha) tathA nizItha meM 'pajjosavaNa kA ullekha hai| AyAradazA evaM nizItha Adi Agama granthoM meM paryuSaNa (pajjosavaNa) kA prayoga bhI aneka arthoM meM huA hai| nimna paMktiyoM meM hama usake ina vibhinna arthoM para vicAra kreNge| ___(1) zramaNa ke dasa kalpoM meM eka kalpa 'pajjosavaNa kalpa' hai| isakA artha hai- varSAvAsa meM pAlana karane yogya AcAra ke vizeSa niym| (2) nizItha (10/45) meM ullekha hai ki jo bhikSu 'pajjosavaNA meM kiMcitamAtra bhI AhAra karatA hai use cAturmAsika prAyazcita AtA hai| isa sandarbha meM 'pajjovasaNa zabda samagra varSAvAsa kA sUcaka nahIM ho kisI dina vizeSa kA sUcaka ho sakatA hai, samagra varSAkAla kA nhiiN| kyoMki sampUrNa varSAvAsa meM AhAra kA niSedha sambhava nahIM hai| punaH yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki jo bhikSu aparyuSaNa kAla meM paryuSaNa karatA hai aura paryuSaNa kAla meM payurSaNa nahIM karatA hai, vaha doSI hai (nizItha 10/43) isa prasaMga khA jaina ekatA kA prazna : 25
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________________ usakA artha eka dina vizeSa karanA hI adhika ucita pratIta hotA hai (3) nizItha meM pajjosavaNa kA eka artha varSAvAsa ke lie sthita honA bhI hai / usameM kahA hai ki jo bhikSu varSAvAsa ke lie sthita (vAsAvAsaM pajjosaviyasi ) hokara phira grAmAnugrAma vicaraNa karatA hai vaha doSa kA sevana karatA hai| aisA lagatA hai ki payurSaNa varSAvAsa ke lie eka sthAna para sthita ho jAne kA eka dina vizeSa thA jisa dina zramaNa saMgha ko upavAsapUrvaka kezaloca, vArSika pratikra maNa ( sAMvatsarika pratikramaNa) aura pajjosavaNAkalpa (varSAvAsa ke niyamoM) kA pATha karanA hotA thA / payurSaNa (savaMtsarI) parva kaba aura kyoM ? prAcIna graMthoM vizeSa rUpa se kalpasUtra evaM nizItha ke dekhane se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki paryuSaNa mUlata: varSAvAsa kI sthApanA kA parva thA / yaha varSAvAsa kI sthApanA ke dina manAyA jAtA thA / upavAsa, kezaloca, sAMvatsarika pratikramaNa evaM prAyazcita, kSamAyAcanA (kaSAyopazamana) aura pajjosavaNAkappa (paryuSaNa- -kalpa=kalpasUtra) kA pArAyaNa usa dina ke Avazyaka kartavya the / isa prakAra paryuSaNa eka divAsIya parva thA / yadyapi nizIthacUrNi ke anusAra paryuSaNa ke avasara para telA (aSTama bhakta) karanA Avazyaka thaa| usameM spaSTa ullekha hai ki 'pajjosavaNAe aTThama na karei to caugurU' arthAt jo sAdhu paryuSaNa ke avasara para telA nahIM karatA hai to use gurU cAturmAsika prAyazcita AtA hai|' isakA artha hai ki paryuSaNa kI ArAdhanA kA prArambha usa dina ke pUrva bhI ho jAtA thA / jIvAbhigama ke anusAra paryuSaNa eka aThAI mahotsava (aSTa divasIya parva) ke rUpa meM manAyA jAtA thA / usameM ullekha hai ki cAturmAsika pUrNimAoM evaM paryuSaNa ke avasara para devatAgaNa nandIzvara dvIpa meM jAkara aSTAhnika mahotsava manAyA karate haiM / ' digambara paramparA meM Aja bhI ASAr3ha, kArtika aura phAlguna kI pUrNimAoM (cAturmAsika pUrNimAoM) ke pUrva aSTAhnika parva mAnane kI prathA hai / lagabhaga AThavIM zatAbdI se digambara sAhitya meM isake ullekha milate haiN| prAcInakAla meM paryuSaNa ASAr3ha pUrNimA ko manAyA jAtA thA aura usake sAtha hI ASTAhnika mahotsava bhI hotA thA / ho sakatA hai ki bAda meM jaba paryuSaNa bhAdra zukla caturthI / paMcamI ko manAyA jAne lagA to usake sAtha bhI aSTa-divasa jur3e rahe aura isa prakAra vaha aSTa divasIya parva bana gayA / vartamAna meM paryuSaNa parva kA sabase mahattvapUrNa dina saMvatsarI parva mAnA jAtA hai / jaina ekatA kA prazna : 26
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________________ samavAyAMga ke anusAra ASar3ha pUrNimA se eka mAsa aura bIsa rAtri pazcAt arthAt bhAdrapada zukla paMcamI ko paryuSaNa-sAMvatsarika pratikramaNa kara lenA caahiye| nizItha ke anusAra pacAsarvI rAtri kA ullaMghana nahIM karanA cAhiye / upavAsapUrvaka sAMvatsarika pratikramaNa karanA yaha zramaNa kA Avazyaka kartavya to thA hI, lekina nizIthacUrNi meM udayana aura caNDapradyota ke AkhyAna se aisA lagatA hai ki vaha gRhastha ke lie bhI aparihArya thaa| lekina mUla prazna yaha hai ki yaha sAMvatsarika parva kaba kiyA jAya ? sAMvatsarika parva ke dina samagra varSa ke aparAdhoM aura bhUloM kA pratikramaNa karanA hotA hai, ata: isakA samaya varSAnta hI honA cAhiye / prAcIna paramparA ke anusAra ASAr3ha pUrNimA ko varSa kA antima dina mAnA jAtA thaa| zrAvaNa vadI pratipadA se nava varSa kA Arambha hotA thaa| bhAdra zukla caturthI yA paMcamI ko kisI bhI paramparA (zAstra) ke anusAra varSa kA anta nahIM hotaa| ata: bhAdra zukla paMcamI ko sAMvatsarika pratikramaNa kI vartamAna paramparA samucita pratIta nahIM hotii| prAcIna AgamoM meM jo devasika, rAtrika, pAkSika, cArtumAsika aura sAMvatsarika pratikramaNa kA ullekha hai unako dekhane se aisA lagatA hai ki usa avadhi ke pUrNa hone para hI tat sambandhI pratikramaNa (AlocanA) kiyA jAtA thaa| jisa prakAra Aja bhI dina kI samApti para devasika, pakSa kI samApti para pAkSika, caturmAsa kI samApti para cAturmAsika pratikramaNa kiyA jAtA hai,usI prakAra varSa kI samApti para sAMvatsarika pratikramaNa kiyA jAnA cAhiye / prazna hotA hai ki sAMvatsarika pratikramaNa kI yaha tithi bhinna kaise ho gaI ? nizItha bhASya kI cUrNi meM jinadAsagaNi ne spaSTa likhA hai ki paryuSaNa parva para vArSika AlocanA karanI cAhiye (pajjosavAsu parisiyA AloyaNA dAyivA) / cU~ki varSa kI samApti ASAr3ha pUrNimA ko ho hotI hai isalie ASAr3ha pUrNimA ko paryuSaNa arthAt sAMvatsarika pratikramaNa karanA caahie| nizItha bhASya meM spaSTa ullekha hai- ASAr3ha pUrNimA ko hI paryuSaNa karanA siddhAnta hai| sambhavata: isa pakSa ke virodha meM samavAyAMga aura AyAradazA (dazAzruta skaMdha) ke usa pATha ko prastuta kiyA jA sakatA hai jisake anusAra ASAr3ha pUrNimA ke eka mAsa aura bIsa rAtri ke vyatIta ho jAne para paryuSaNa karanA caahie| cU~ki kalpasUtra ke mUla pATha meM yaha bhI likhA huA hai ki zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ne ASAr3ha pUrNimA se eka mAsa aura bIsa rAtri ke vyatIta ho jAne para varSAvAsa (paryuSaNa) kiyA thA usI prakAra gaNadharoM ne kiyA, sthaviroM ne kiyA aura usI prakAra vartamAna zramaNa nirgrantha bhI karate haiM / nizcita rUpa se yaha kathana bhAdra zukla paMcamI kI paryuSaNa karane ke pakSa meM sabase bar3A pramANa hai| jaina ekatA kA prazna : 27
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________________ lekina hameM yaha vicAra karanA hogA ki kyA yaha apavAda mArga thA yA utasarga mArga thaa| yadi hama kalpasUtra ke usI pATha ko dekheM to usameM yaha spaSTa likhA huA hai ki isake pUrva to paryuSaNa evam sAMvatsarika pratikramaNa karanA kalpatA hai, kintu varSA Rtu ke eka mAsa aura bIsa rAtri kA atikramaNa karanA nahIM kalpatA hai-'aMtarA vi ya kappai (pajjosavittae) no se kappai taM rayaNi uvAiNA vitte| nizItha bhASya 3153 kI cUrNi meM aura kalpasUtra kI TIkAoM meM jo bhAdrazukla caturthI ko paryuSaNa yA saMvatsarI karane kA kAlaka AcArya kI kathA ke sAtha jo ullekha hai vaha bhI isI bAta kI puSTi karatA hai ki bhAdra zukla paMcamI ke pUrva to paryuSaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai kintu usa tithi kA atikramaNa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| nizItha cUrNi meM spaSTa likhA hai ki"AsAr3ha pUNimAe pajjosevanti esa usaggo sesakAlaM pajjosevantANaM avavAto / avavAte vi savIsasatirAtamAsAto pareNa atikammeuNa vaTTati savIsatirAte mAse puNNe jati vAsakhettaM Na labbhati to rUkkha heTThAvi pajjosaveyavva / taM puNNimAe paMcamIe, dasamIe, evamAdi pavvesu pajjusaveyavvaM no apavesu"arthAt ASAr3ha pUrNimA ko paryuSaNa karanA yaha utsarga mArga hai aura anya samaya meM paryuSaNa karanA yaha apavAda mArga hai / apavAda mArga meM bhI eka mAsa aura 20 dina arthAt bhAdra zukla paMcamI kA atikramaNa nahIM karanA caahiye| yadi bhAdra zukla paMcamI taka bhI nivAsa ke yogya sthAna upalabdha na ho to vRkSa ke nIce paryuSaNa kara lenA caahiye| apavAda mArga meM bhI paMcamI, dazamI, amAvasyA evaM pUrNimA karanA cAhie, anya tithiyoM meM nhiiN| isa bAta ko lekara nizItha bhASya evaM cUrNi meM yaha prazna bhI uThAyA gayA hai ki bhAdra zukla caturthI ko aparva tithi meM paryuSaNa kyoM nahIM kiyA jAtA hai| isa sandarbha meM kAlaka AcArya kI kathA dI gayI hai| kathA isa prakAra hai - kAlaka AcArya vicaraNa karate hue varSAvAsa hetu ujjayinI pahu~ce, kintu kinhIM kAraNoM se rAjA rUSTa ho gayA, ata: kAlaka AcArya ne vahA~ se vihAra karake pratiSThAnapura kI ora prasthAna kiyA aura vahA~ ke zramaNa saMgha ko Adeza bhijavAyA ki jaba taka hama nahIM pahu~cate taba taka Apa loga paryuSaNa na kareM / vahA~ kA sAtavAhana rAjA zrAvaka thA, usane kAlaka AcArya ko sammAna ke sAtha nagara meM praveza kraayaa| pratiSThAnapura pahuMcakara AcArya ne ghoSaNA kI ki bhAdra zukla paMcamI ko paryuSaNa kreNge| yaha sunakara rAjA ne nivedana kiyA ki usa dina nagara meM indramahotsava hogaa| ata: Apa bhAdra zukla paSThi ko paryuSaNa kara leM, kintu AcArya ne kahA ki zAstra ke anusAra paJcamI kA atikramaNa karanA kalpya nahIM haiN| isa para rAjA ne kahA ki phira Apa bhAdra jaina ekatA kA prazna : 28
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________________ zukla caturthI ko hI paryuSaNa kareM AcArya ne isa bAta ko svIkRti de dI aura zramaNa saMgha bhAdra zukla caturthI kA paryuSaNa kiyA / yahA~ aisA lagatA hai ki AcArya lagabhaga bhAdra kRSNa pakSa ke antima dinoM meM pratiSThAnapura pahu~ce the aura bhAdra kRSNa amAvasyA ko paryuSaNa karanA sambhava nahIM thA / yadyapi ve amAvasyA ke pUrva avazya hI pratiSThAnapura pahu~ca cuke the kyoMki nizItha cUrNi yaha bhI likhA hai ki rAjA ne zrAvakoM ko Adeza diyA ki tuma bhAdra kRSNa amAvasyA ko pAkSika upavAsa karanA aura bhAdrazukla pratipadA ko vividha pakavAnoM ke sAtha pAraNe * lie munisaMgha ko AhAra pradAna krnaa| cU~ki zAstra - AjJA ke anusAra sAMvatsarika pratikramaNa ke pUrva telA karanA hotA thA, ataH bhAdrazukla dvitIya se caturthI taka zramaNa saMgha ne tela kiyaa| bhAdra zuklA paMcamI ko pAraNA kiyaa| janatA ne AhAra dAna kara zramaNa saMgha kI upAsanA kI / isI kAraNa mahArASTra deza meM bhAdra zukla paJcamI zramaNa pUjA nAma se bhI pracalita hai| yaha bhI sambhava hai ki isI AdhAra para hindU paramparA meM RSi paJcamI kA vikAsa huA hai / paryuSaNa / dazalakSaNa aura digambara paramparA jaisA ki hamane pUrvaM teM nirdeza kiyA ki digambara grantha mUlAcAra ke samayasArAdhikAra kI 118 vIM gAthA meM aura yApanIya saMgha ke grantha bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI 423vIM gAthA meM dasa kalpoM ke prasaMga meM paryuSaNa - kalpa kA ullekha huA hai / aparAjitasUri ne bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI TIkA meM pajjosavaNa kappa kA artha varSAvAsa ke lie eka sthAna para sthita rahanA hI kiyA jo zve. paramparA se mUla artha ke adhika nikaTa hai| unhoMne cAturmAsa kA utsargakAla 120 dina aura apavAda kAla 100 dina batAyA hai / yahA~ zve. paramparA se unakA bheda spaSTa hotA hai kyoMki zve. paramparA meM yaha apavAda kAla bhAdra zuklA 5 se kArtika pUrNimA taka 70 dina kA hI hai| isa prakAra ve yaha mAnate haiM ki utsarga rUpa meM to ASAr3ha zuklA pUrNimA ko aura apavAda rUpa meM usake 50 dina pazcAt taka kabhI paryuSaNa arthAt varSAvAsa kI sthApanA kara lenI cAhiye / isa prakAra digambara paramparA meM varSAyoga kI sthApanA ke sAtha aSTAhnika parva jaina ekatA kA prazna 29
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________________ mAnane kI jo prathA hai vahI paryuSaNa ke mUlahAI ke sAtha upayukta lagatI hai, mUlataH yaha ASAr3ha pUrNimA ke ATha dina pUrva se manAyA jAtA hai| jahA~ taka dazalakSaNa parva ke itihAsa kA prazna hai vaha adhika purAnA nahIM hai| mujhe aba taka kisI prAcIna grantha meM isakA ullekha dekhane ko nahIM milA hai| yadyapi 17vIM zatAbdI kI eka kRti vratatithinirNaya meM yaha ullekha avazya hai ki dazalAkSaNika vrata meM bhAdrapada kI zuklA paMcamI ko proSadha karanA caahie| isase parva kA bhI mukhya dina yahI pratIta hotA hai / kSamAdharma ArAdhanA kA dina hone se bhI yaha zve. paramparA kI saMvatsarI-parva kI mUlabhAvanA ke adhika nikaTa baiThatA hai| AzA hai digambara paramparA ke vidvAna isa para adhika prakAza ddaaleNge| isa prakAra digambara paramparA meM bhI paryuSaNa ke prArambha kA utsargakAla ASAr3ha pUrNimA aura apavAdakAla bhAdra zuklA paMcamI mAnA jA sakatA hai| samanvaya kaise kareM? uparyukta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki ASAr3ha pUrNimA paryuSaNa (saMvatsaro) parva kI pUrva sImA hai aura bhAdra zuklA 5 antima sImA hai| isa prakAra paryuSaNa ina donoM tithiyoM ke madhya kabhI bhI parva tithi meM kiyA jA sakatA hai| zvetAmbara evaM digambara donoM paramparAoM ke anusAra ASAr3ha pUrNimA ko kezaloca, upavAsa evaM sAMvatsarika pratikramaNa kara varSAvAsa kI sthApanA kara lenA cahiye yaha utsarga mArga haiN| yaha bhI spaSTa haiM ki binA kisI vizeSa kAraNa ke apavAda mArga kA sevana karanA bhI ucita nahIM haiN| prAcIna yuga meM jaba upAzraya nahIM the tathA sAdhu apane nimitta se bane upAzrayoM meM nahIM Thaharate the, taba yogya sthAna kI prApti ke abhAva meM paryuSaNa (varSAvAsa kI sthApanA) kara lenA sambhava nahIM thA / puna: sAdhu-sAdhviyoM kI saMkhyA adhika hone se AvAsa-prApti-sambandhI kaThinAI barAbara banI rahatI thii| ata: apavAda ke sevana kI sambhAvanA adhika banI rahatI thii| svayaM bhagavAn mahAvIra ko bhI sthAna-sambandhI samasyA ke kAraNa varSAkAla meM vihAra karanA par3A thaa| nizIthacUrNi kI racanA taka arthAt sAtavIM-AThavIM zatAbdI taka sAdhu-sAdhuvI sthAna kI upalabdhi hone para apanI evaM sthAnIya saMgha kI suvidhA ke anurUpa ASAr3ha zuklA pUrNimA se bhAdra zuklA paMcamI taka kabhI bhI paryuSaNa kara lete the| yadyapi usa yuga taka caityavAsI sAdhuoM ne mahotsava ke rUpa meM parva mAnanA tathA gRhasthoM ke samakSa kalpasUtra kA vAcana karanA evaM sAMvatsarika pratikramaNa karanA Adi jaina ekatA kA prazna : 30
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________________ prArambha kara diyAthA, kintu tababhI kucha kaThora AcAravAn sAdhuthe jo ise AgamAnukUla nahIM mAnate the| unhIM ko lakSya meM rakha kara cUrNikAra ne kahA thA, yadyapi sAdhu ko gRhasthoM ke sammukha paryuSaNa kalpa kA vAcana nahIM karanA cAhie kintu yadi pAsatthA (caityavAsIzithilA-cArI sAdhu) par3hatA hai to sunane meM koI doSa nahIM hai| lagatA hai ki AThavIM zatAbdI ke pazcAt kabhI saMgha kI ekarUpatA ko lakSya meM rakhakara kisI prabhAvazAlI AcArya ne apavAda kAla kI antima tithi bhAdra zuklA caturthI/paMcamI ko paryuSaNa (saMvatsarI) mAnane kA Adeza diyA ho| yadi sampUrNa jaina samAja kI ekatA kI dRSTi se vicAra kareM to Aja sAdhusAdhvI varga ko sthAna upalabdha hone meM sAmAnyatayA koI kaThinAI nahIM hotI hai| Aja sabhI paramparA ke sAdhu-sAdhvI ASAr3ha pUrNimA ko varSAvAsa kI sthApanA kara lete haiM aura jaba apavAda kA koI kAraNa nahIM hai to phira apavAda kA sevana kyoM kiyA jAye ? dUsare bhAdrapada zuklapakSa meM paryuSaNa/saMvatsarI karane se, jo apakAya aura trasa kI virAdhanA se bacane ke lie saMvatsarI ke pUrva keza loca kA vidhAna thA, usakA koI mUla uddezya hala nahIM hotA hai / varSA meM bAloM ke bhIgane se apakAya kI virAdhanA aura trasa jIvoM kI utpatti kI sambhAvanA rahatI hai| ata: utsarga mArga ke rUpa meM ASAr3ha pUrNimA ko saMvatsarI/paryuSaNa karanA hI upayukta hai isameM Agama se koI virodha bhI nahIM hai aura samagra jaina samAja kI ekatA bhI bana sakatI hai| sAtha hI do zrAvaNa yA do bhAdrapada kA vivAda bhI svAbhAvika rUpa se hala ho jAtA hai| .. yadi apavAda mArga ko hI svIkAra karanA hai to phira apavAda mArga ke antima dina bhAdra zuklA paMcamI ko svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa dina sthAnakavAsI, terApaMthI evaM mUrtipUjaka sampradAya ke kucha gaccha to manAte hI haiM, zeSa mUrtipUjaka samAja ko bhI isameM Agamika dRSTi meM koI bAdhA nahIM AtI hai| kyoMki kAlakAcArya kI bhAdrapada zuklA caturthI kI vyavasthA ApavAdika vyavasthA thI aura eka nagara-vizeSa kI paristhiti vizeSa para AdhArita thii| sambhavata: yadi kAlakAcArya bhI dUsare varSa jIvita rahate to svayaM bhI caturthI ko paryuSaNa nahIM krte| unake ziSya varga ne ise gurU kA antima Adeza mAnakara caturthI kI paraMparA kI ho paraMtu isameM parivartana karanA Agama virUddha nahIM hai| yaha tarka ki aisA karane meM eka dina kI AlocanA nahIM hogI ucita nahIM hai kyoMki hama AlocanA 360 dina kI karate haiM jabaki varSa meM 354 dina hI hote haiN| puna: adhika jaina ekatA kA prazna : 31
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________________ mAsa vAle varSa meM 384 dina hote haiM kyA isameM 24 dina kI AlocanA zeSa raha jAtI hai ? yaha saba vicAra yuktisaMgata nahIM hai| isI prakAra Agama granthoM ko chor3akara 15vIM16vIM zatAbdI ke AcAryoM ke granthoM ko AdhAra mAnakara vivAda karanA bhI ucita nahIM hai, puna: svayaM nizIthacUrNi se anusAra caturthI aparva tithi hai; ataH bhAdra zuklA paMcamI - kSamA parva kA mUla dina cuna liyA jaave| zeSa dina usake Age hoM yA pIche, yaha adhika mahatva nahIM rakhatA hai- suvidhA kI dRSTi se una para eka Ama sahamati banAI jA sakatI hai / bhAdrazuklA paMcamI ko digambara paramparA ke anusAra bhI kSamA divasa hai hI ata: isa dina para sampUrNa jaina samAja eka ho sakatA hai / jahA~ taka kSaya yA vRddhi tithi kA prazna hai ' kSaye pUrvA vRddhe uttarA' ke umAsvAti ke siddhAnta ko mAnya kara liyA jAve | adhika mAsa ke prasaMga para yA to laukika paMcAMga ke anusAra adhika mAsa gauNa mAnA jAye athavA phira Agamika AdhAra para ASAr3ha yA pauSa mAsa kI ho vRddhi mAnI jAye / kucha sUtra haiM jinake AdhAra para ekatA ko sAdhA jA sakatA hai / 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. nizIthacUrNi, 3217 jIvAbhigama - nandIzvara dvIpa varNana. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, gAthA 423. vahI gAthA 423 kI TIkA; pR. 334. dakSalAkSaNika vrate bhAdrapada mAse zukle zrI paMcamIdine proSadhaH kAryaH -vratatithinirNaya, pR.24. jaina ekatA kA prazna : 32
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________________ DaoN. sAgaramala jaina zikSA janma tithi : di. 22.02.1932 janma sthAna : zAjApura (ma.pra.) : sAhityaratna : 1954 ema.e. (darzana zAstra) : 1963 pI-eca. DI. : 1969 akAdamika upalabdhiyA~ : pravaktA ma.pra. zAsa. zikSA sevA (1964-67), sahAyaka prAdhyApaka (1968-85), prAdhyApaka (prophesara) (1985-89), nidezaka, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI (1979-97) lekhana : 30 pustakeM, 25 laghu pustikAe~ sampAdana : 150 pustakeM sampAdaka : jaina vidyA vizvakoSa (pArzvanAtha vidyApITha kI mahatvAkAMkSI pariyojanA) zramaNa' traimAsika zodha patrikA puraskAra pradIpakumAra rAmapuriyA puraskAra (1986,1998), svAmI praNavAnanda puraskAra (1987), DipTImala puraskAra (1992), AcArya hastImala smRti sammAna (1994), vidyAvAridhi sammAna (2003), kalAM marmajJa sammAna (2006), jaina presIDenziyala avArDa (yU.esa.e. 2007), gautamagaNadhara puraskAra (2008), AcArya tulasI prAkRta puraskAra (2009). sadasyaH akAdamika samitiH vidvat pariSada, bhopAla vizvavidyAlaya, bhopAla jaina vizvabhAratI saMsthAna lADanUM mAnada nidezaka, Agama, ahiMsA, samatA evaM prAkRta saMsthAna, udypur| samprati saMsthApaka evaM nidezaka prAcya vidyApITha, zAjApura (ma.pra.) videza bhramaNa zikAgo, rAle, hyUsTana, nyUjarsI, uttarI karolInA, vAziMgaTana, senaphAMsisko, laoNsa eMjilsa, phinIksa, seMTa lUIsa, piTsabarga, ToraNTo, nyUyArka, kanADA aura laMdana yU. ke.| prAcya vidyApITha: eka paricaya DaoN. sAgaramala jaina pAramArthika zikSaNa nyAsa dvArA san 1997 se saMcAlita prAcya vidyApITha, zAjApura AgarA-mumbaI rASTrIya rAjamArga para sthita isa saMsthAna kA mukhya udezya bhAratIya prAcya vidyAoM ke ucca starIya adhyayana, prazikSaNa evaM zodhakArya ke sAtha-sAtha bhAratIya sAMskRtika mUlyoM ko punaHpratiSThita karanA hai| isa vidyApITha meM jaina, bauddha aura hindu dharma Adi ke lagabhaga 12,000 durlabha grantha upalabdha hai| isake atirikta 700 hastalikhita pANDulipiyA~ bhI hai| yahA~ 1.0 kalA mantrikAe~ bhI niyamita AtI hai|