Studies in Buddhist and Jaina Monachism

Author(s): Nand Kishor Prasad
Publisher: Research Institute of Prakrit Jainology & Ahimsa Mujjaffarpur

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STUDIES IN BUDDHIST AND JAINA MONACHISM
Veavacca, that is unselfish service to superiors like āyariya, uvajjhāya, thera, sick fellow-monks or gilāna, kula gura, sangha, etc. (3).
Sajjhāya or study consisted of teaching, learning, discussing and preaching religious tenets, etc. (4)
Jhāna, that is meditation. (5)
Viusagga or indifference to body consisted of giving up food, association with fellow.monks, passions and taking the vow of samlekhana. (6)
iii. The pratimas : “The pratimas were long-term practices of bodily mortification which were based on fasting, meditation and bodily postures"!. The ten pratimas were as below:
Bhadda, that is practising kāyotsarga for two days and two nights facing each of the four directions for four praharas. (1)
Subhaddā is not clearly explained by the commentator. (2)
Mahabhadda, that is practising ka yotsarga for four days and four nights facing each of the four directions for a day and a night. (3)
Savvaobhadda, that is practising kayotsarga for ten days and ten nights facing each of the ten directions for a day and a night. (4)
Bhadduttara, like subhadda, is also not clearly explained by the commentator. (5)
Javamajjha and vairamajjhà together known as candapadimā were based on the number of morsel of food taken according to the increasing or decreasing digits of the moon. The former was started on the first day of the bright fortnight with only one morsel of food which was increased in accordance with the increasing of the digits of the moon. Thus it was completed with fifteen morsels of food on the full-moon day. In the same way the latter was begun on the first day of the dark fortnight with fifteen morsels of food and was finished on the new-moon day only with one morsel of food. (6-7)
Moyapadimă or the vow pertaining to bodily excreta or dirt savaṇavisayā) was either khuddiyă (lesser) or mahalliyā (greater). This pratima was based mainly on fast which varied from fourteenth meal to eighteenth meal.(8)
1. HJM. p. 190. 2. Thān, 84, p. 64b; 251, p. 195a; 392, p. 292a; 545, p. 385b; 687, p. 453a; 770,
p. 518b; 182, p. 147b; 191, p. 157a; 237, p. 183b, Comm. to Țhān, pp. 65b, 293ab; Samu. 12, p. 21b; Nāyā, p. 42; Dasā, 6th dasā; Bhag, 2.1.93, pp. 123ab; Anp, 15.