Book Title: Studies in Buddhist and Jaina Monachism
Author(s): Nand Kishor Prasad
Publisher: Research Institute of Prakrit Jainology & Ahimsa Mujjaffarpur
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PRATIMOKSA AND PRĀYAŚCITTA : A COMPARATIVE STUDY 233
Anavatthappa or Parihara is the group of offences corresponding to the Buddhist Sungha disesa. According to the Canonical texts, it is often inflicted in three cases, viz., on stealing something belonging to co religionist (sa hammiyānam) or to a heretic (annadhammiyānam) or on slapping 'hatthat alam) somebody else. Besides, as the Bhāşyas inform us, loosing understanding because of the desire to see a nun, a begging ten times a day, taking a fruit belonging to a person in royal service even if allowed by him, 4 travelling with a nun at days and the like are also castigated with the same punishment.
The Parihara or Parihara visuddhi,& i.e., "the purification of the transgressor by means of penance in isolation, segregated from other members of the group' is, according to the commentator, twofold, namely, ganapratibaddha and apratibaddha, i.e., the transgressions committed by a monk while living corporate life in a Gana and when living alone in a region foreign to him. The period of expiation during which the transgressor who has lost his pariyāya completely is allowed to make himself eligible for re-admission to the Order, lasts for one, four or six months. During this period, the transgressor has to undertake fast of various magnitudes which are adjusted according to the seasons. As for example, the maximum number of fasts that the person undergoing the penalty can undertake is upto the eighth, tenth and twelfth meal during the summer, winter and rainy seasons respectively, the minimum being upto the fourth, sixth and eighth meal.' It is however worth noticing that while the BỊhatkalpabhāşyalo exempts the nuns from undergoing Parihara, the Vyavahārasutra11 prescribes for them as well.
We need not worry if the offences of the group do not agree entirely with that of the Buddhists. It is however remarkable that in spite of this discordance, the punishments prescribed for the cffences sub judice are more or less identical. A transgressor, to whatever
1. Thân, 201, p. 162b; BỊhk 4.3. 2. BıhkB, Vol. III, 2258-62. 3. Ibid, Vol. II, 1697-1700. 4. Ibid, Vol. I, 532ff; Vol. II, 906; Vol. 5089. 5. Ibid, Vol. II, 886-88. 6. Thân, 206, p. 167b; Comm. pp. 168ab; Bhag, 320, p. 348b; etc. 7. Mūl, 5.165; Comm. Pt. 1, p. 290. 8. Vav, Uddesaka-1. 9. Comm, to Thān, pp. 168ab; Comm. to Bhag, pp. 351-352. 10. Op cit, Vol. V, p. 1561. 11. Op cit., 5.11-12; Brhk, 1.38.
