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76 : Gramaņa, Vol 61, No. 2 April-June 10
social. But Mahāprajña's revolutionary views can open new horizons in the world of Jaina philosophy. The theory of Causation
The concept of causation is the basic foundation of each and every philosophy. Jaina philosophy is basically based on the theory of anekānta. So there is a kind of misconception among the Eastern and Western scholars that there is no room for an absolute truth in Jaina philosophy and all the truths are relative. It was Mahāprajña who expounded that there are two types of truth as per the theory of anekānta i.e. sāpekșa and nirapeksa i.e. relative and absolute.' Moreover, he established that pañcāstikāya, (medium of motion, medium of rest, space, soul and matter-five substances) kāla (time) loka-aloka (universe and contra universe) are absolute truth, where cause and effect theory can't be applied. In case of relative truths only, one can trace its cause and effect.?
He further extends his view in this manner that Jains believe in the principle of pāriņāmika-bhāva, which can be classified under two heads as anādi-pāriņāmika and sādi-pāriņāmika i.e. change which has no beginning and change with beginning respectively. Pañcāstikāya come under the head of anādi-pāriņāmika which are eternal i.e. change without a beginning or an end. But simultaneously, they are constantly evolving and taking different forms. It just exists there without any cause since infinity and remains so forever. Where as, sādi-pārināmika case can be explained through cause and effect theory. For example a house was built. It has its beginning. So in such instances of change which has beginning (sādi-pāriņāmika) we can search relative truth as its material cause and efficient cause as invisible. The World and its Creator
Since time immemorial, the philosophers and the scientists of different schools and streams have tried their best to unfold this mystery, "who created this world? Why? When? and How!- these questions have been asked from time to time again and again.
There is a wide difference of opinion among the philosopher
