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80 : Śramaņa, Vol 61, No. 2 April-June 10
are those karmas, which can be changed. Nikācita karma are those karmas which can never be changed." Here we are helpless. So other philosophers considered that we can't change the karmas once bound. But Ācārya Mahāprajña asserts that at maximum level, karmas are changeable. The area of unchangeable karmas are very much least in number. Therefore on the basis least unchangeable karmas, we shouldn't accept that we can't change our karmas and future.'s
Moreover, Mahāprajña says it should be crystal clear in everybody's mind that from the point of view of the raise of nikācita karma, soul is under the pressure of dependence of karma. From the point of view of dalika karma, there are two possibilities-where ever soul tries to change one's karma through the observation of vows, penance and practice of meditation, patience, etc. soul is dominant over karmas and one can change karma and where ever soul doesn't indulge in any kind of efforts for changing one's karmas, such soul is dependent upon karmas and such soul is governed by the karmas. 16 If we don't accept change occurring through auspicious efforts, then all, the practices of penances, etc. will prove to be meaningless. Tīrthankara Mahāvīra paved the path of four fold efforts namely udiraņā (pre-maturation), upaśamanā (suppression), vedanā (experience of karma) and nirjarā (shedding of karmas)."?
Ācārya, Mahāprajña declares that it is the concept of udiraņā (prematuration of karma) and the concept of samkramaņa (possibility of changing karmas) the two revolutionary novel concepts, which prove the theory of karma as the theory of efforts. 18 Ācārya Mahāprajña says, one who wishes to make one's future bright, must concentrate on the sources of puruşārthai.e. efforts. He says, we have three sources of efforts namely the actions of mind, speech and body. Now the question arises as to how these three-fold actions can make a bright future. To this he says, if mind is pure, passionless and always thinks positively, then such mind can create a good fate. One who speaks truth, and one who is straight forward in one's speech and in one's physical actions can build a good fate.'' On the other hand, if the three-fold actions work in opposite path,
