Primer of Jain Principles

Author(s): Kirit Gosalia
Publisher: Kirit Gosalia

Page 23

63.
What is meant by 'expansion of space units by soul' (Samudghat)?
Without leaving the original body, the omniscient soul can momentarily expand soul's space units (Atma pradesh) to occupy the whole cosmic space prior its ultimate liberation from all karma.
64.
What does one mean by 'extended real' (Astikaya)?
The substance that has multiple subunits is known as 'extended real'.
65.
How many 'extended reals' are there?
Soul, matter, medium of motion, medium of rest, and space are the five extended reals. Since time can only occupy one space unit, it is not an extended real.
Since the smallest unit of matter known as an atom, occupies only one space unit, then why is matter classified as an extended real'?
The matter has touch as one of its qualities. By virtue of this quality; the matter exists as an aggregate (Skandha). Therefore by attribution (Upchar) it is called the extended real.
67.
What are the 'affirmative attributes' (Anujivi guna) in a substance?
The positive attributes, which constitute the inherent nature of the substance, are called 'affirmative attributes'. For example, right faith, right conduct, happiness, and vitality in the soul; and touch, taste, smell, and color, in the matter cosnititute affirmative attributes.
68.
What are the 'non affirmative attributes' (Pratijivi guna)?
The attributes, found in the negative sense in a substance, are called its 'non affirmative attributes', e.g., non-existence (Nastitva), non-materiality (Amurtatva), and inanimate (Achetanatva).
69.
What is the meaning of the word 'non-existence' (Abhava)?
The absence of one entity within another one is known as 'non-existence'.
70.
How many different types of 'non-existences' are there?
There are four types:
1. Prior non-existence (Prag-abhava)