Primer of Jain Principles

Author(s): Kirit Gosalia
Publisher: Kirit Gosalia

Page 28

1. Expressed (Vyakt) 2. Non-expressed (Avyakt)
94.
How does cognitive knowledge occur in both of the above types?
All four subtypes of cognitive knowledge to include like perception, conception, judgment, and retention, are present in the expressed object. In a nonexpressed object, only perception knowledge is present.
vydgment, and retention tive knowledge to include
95.
Is the perception knowledge of the 'things comprehended' type (Arth avagraha)?
The perception knowledge is the first type of cognitive knowledge. There are two subtypes in perception.
1. Things barely contacted (Vyanjan avagraha) 2. Things comprehended (Arth avagraha)
The perception of an expressed object is called 'things comprehended' (Arth avagraha)
96.
What is called the perception knowledge of things barely contacted' (Vyanjan avagraha)?
Initial bare contact with an object takes place at the moment it reaches the senses. This is the stage of perception that is known as 'things barely contacted' (Vyanjan avagraha). This contact awareness gradually proceeds towards the plane of consciousness. This is known as artha vagraha. Suppose a man is awakened by a call. The sound atoms reach the man's ear in succession. In time the ears become sufficiently saturated with sound atoms. Now he awakens. The awakening of consciousness is followed by the other three stages of cognitive knowledge, conception, judgment, and retention. All of which are concerned with the object. The perception part relates to both, the contact with the object and the object itself. In other words, there are two phases of the object: its initial appearance and its continued existence. Through perception both are noticed. The latter three stages recognize only the continued existence.
97.
'Arth avagraha' is perceived by all senses and mind. Is 'vyanjan avagraha' perceived the same way?
"Vyanjan avagraha' is perceived directly by all senses except for eyes and mind. The knowledge of an object occurs with senses coming in direct contact with an object. In the mind and in the eyes such close contact does not occur. They both perceive only non-contacted objects. Thus in 'vyanjan avagraha' the mind and eyes are not involved. The knowledge that occurs with the help of the eyes and