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651. What is the collective point of view (Sangraha naya)?
In this point of view, one is given a subsidiary status and considers different subjects as unique. For example when one says "living being" he means he is talking about all the living beings to include one to five sensed living beings.
652.
What is the distributive point of view (Vyavahar naya)?
In this point of view, one draws distinctions among substances, which are accepted as unique in the collective point of view. For example, living beings can be divided into liberated souls and transmigratory souls, etc.
653.
How many types of modification points of view are there (Paryayarthik Naya)?
There are four as follow:
1. Linear point of view (Rujusutra naya). 2. Literal point of view (Sabda naya). 3. Etymological point of view (Sambhirudhdha naya). 4. Determinant point of view (Evambhu naya).
654. What is a linear point of view (Rujusutra naya)?
In this point of view, one accepts only the present mode of a substance. The past and the future modes are not taken into consideration.
655. What is meant by a literal point of view (Sabda naya)?
In the literal point of view, one uses words at their exact face value to signify the real nature of things. Each word has a particular meaning. In the literal point of view, changing the gender, number, word ending or tense of a word, is thought to change its meaning and therefore change the object to which it refers. For example, Dara is a masculine gender in Gujarati. Bharya is a feminized gender in Gujarati. Kalatra is a neutral gender in Gujarati. They all related to woman, but the literal point of view will see those three words as separately and distinct.
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