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656. What is an etymological point of view (Sambhirudhdha naya)?
According to the etymological point of view, each word has its own meaning. There is only one word for one meaning. No two words mean the same thing. In the literal point of view, the differences in the meaning of synonymous words are accepted, when they have different tense, different gender, etc., but the differences in their meaning are not accepted when they have the same tense, same gender, etc. For example, Raja, Nrup and Dhrupah ( Indian words) all of these words mean king. They express the same thing and meaning in the literal point of view. All three words are of the same masculine gender. In the etymological point of view, all three words have subtle differences in meaning. Therefore, even though they are synonymous words having the same tense, gender, etc., they do not mean the same thing.
657. What is the determinant point of view (Evambhu naya)?
The determinant point of view recognizes only the action implied by the root meaning of the word. To be real, the object must satisfy the activity meant by the work. For example, from the etymological point of view, the different words in the same gender, tense, etc., will be accepted with their different meanings, but in the determinant point of view, each word is only accepted when the object is performing that particular act denoted by the name. For example, Raja will be called raja only when royal insignia decorate him. He will be called Nrup only when he is fighting in a war to protect his people. He will be called Dhrupah only when he is maintaining the kingdom and making it prosperous.
658. How many types of practical point of view (Vyavahar Naya- Upnaya) are there?
There are three types, as follow:
1. Pure synthetic practical point of view (Sadbhut vyavarhar
naya). 2. Impure synthetic practical point of view (Asadbhut vyavahar
naya). 3. Metaphorical impure synthetic practice point of view (Upcharit
asadbhut vyavahar naya)?
659. What is meant by the pure synthetic practical point of view (Sadbhut vyavahar
naya)?
The pure synthetic practical point of view deals with the whole unbroken substance. Here the knowledge of the whole unbroken substance is achieved by dividing its content. For example, the soul has empirical knowledge and omniscient knowledge, etc. In this example, one tries to understand the whole unique nature of the soul by artificially deviding its various attributes.
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