________________
596. What is unobstructed (Abadhit)?
When a thing cannot be obstructed by any other standard, it is called unobstructed (Abadhit). For example, in the fire, coldness is absolutely obstructed. Thus, the fire cannot be the thing that proves (Sadhya) for cold.
597. What is the meaning of "not arrivable at by inference" (Asidhdha)?
The thing, which has not been proven by any other standard, is called "not arrivable at by inference" (Asidhdha)?
598. What is called an inference (Anuman)?
With the knowledge of the thing that proves (Sadhan) and when one then predicts the things to be proven (Sadhya), it is called inference (Anuman).
599. What is meant by the "apparent thing that proves" fallacy (Sadhanabhas
hetvabhas)?
When logical reasoning (Hetu) is associated with a fault to achieve a proof it is called "the apparent thing that proves" fallacy of logical reason (Sadhanabhashetvabhas).
600. How many types of logical reasoning fallacies (Hetvabhas) are there?
There are four types:
1. Not arrivable by inference (Asidhdha). 2. Opposite (Virudhdha). 3. Not to the point- uncertain (Anaikantik). 4. Immaterial- powerless (Akinchitkar).
601. What is meant by "not arrivable by inference" logical reason fallacy (Asidhdha
Hetvabhas)?
When a factor is certainly absent in the logical reasoning, or its presence is doubtful, it is called "not arrivable at by any inference" logical reason fallacy (Asidhdha Hetvabhas). For example, spoken words are perceived as factual because they are the objects of the eyes. Actually, words are the object of the ears. They cannot be the objects of the eyes. Thus, such an object of the eyes is called asidhdha hetvabhas.
145
