________________
602.
What is "opposite" logical reason fallacy (Virudhdha Hetvabhas)?
A factor which supports the opposite intended of the things to be proven (Sadhya) is called an "opposite" logical reason fallacy (Virudhdha Hetvabhas). For example, words are permanent because they keep on modifying. Here the modification is spread transiently and not through permanency. Thus the modification is an "opposite" logical reason fallacy of permanency.
603.
What is an "uncertain" logical reason fallacy (Anaikantik Hetvabhas)?
A logical reason (Hetu) which can support the side of anything (Paksha), and which can possibly be in either one side (Sapaksha) or on an opposite side (Vipaksha) is called an "uncertain" logical reason fallacy (Anaikantik Hetvabhas). For example, in this room there is smoke because it contains fire. Here the fire is the logical reason and it is paksha, sapaksha and vipaksha. That is why it is called an "uncertain" logical reason fallacy.
604. What is meant by "to take sides of anything" (Paksha)?
Wherever there is a possibility of sadhya, to remain in the same place, it is called paksha. For example, the room in question number 603, is the paksha.
605. What is called "the possibility of one side" (Sapaksha)?
Certainly when logical reasoning is present, it is called sapaksha. For example, the smoke is possibly present in the room where there is a wet log placed on the fire.
606. What is called "the possibility of the opposite side" (Vipakasha)?
Where there is the absence of logical reasoning, then it is called vipakasha. For example, the absence of smoke from a red-hot iron.
607.
What are "immaterial" logical reason fallacies (Akitchitkar Hetvabhas)?
Logical reasoning through which it is impossible to attain any conclusion is called an "immaterial" logical reason fallacy (Akitchitkar Hetvabhas).
146
