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620. What is an example (Drastant)?
The example is a statement in which there is the presence of things to be proven and things that prove (Sadhya and Sadan); or, the absence of both i.e., kitchen and pond example in #619).
621. How many types of examples (Drastant) are there?
Two types:
1. Example of logical connection of cause and effect (Anvay
drastant). 2. Example of logical connection and disconnection (Vyatirek
drastant).
622.
What is called the example of logical connection of cause and effect (Anvay drastant)?
It is the one in which the presence of sadhya is shown with the presence of sadhan. For example, smoke is present and also fire is present in the kitchen.
623. What is called the example of logical connection and disconnection (Vyatirek
drastant)?
It is the one in which there is an absence of sadhya, as well as an absence of sadhan. For example there is an absence of smoke because there is an absence of fire in the pond.
624. What is "application" (Upnaya)?
Through application, there is a similarity present (Paksha) for the things that proves (Sadhan). For example, the mountain has the same kind of smoke as seen in the kitchen.
625. What is called the conclusion (Nigamana)?
To state a proposition is proven after showing its end result is called the conclusion. For example, for these reasons that is why this mountain also contains the fire.
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