Primer of Jain Principles

Author(s): Kirit Gosalia
Publisher: Kirit Gosalia

Page 29

mind is of the expressed object only. The rest of the four senses, e.g., hearing, smell, touch, and taste can perceive expressed (Vyakt) as well as non-expressed (Avyakt) objects.
98.
How many different types of expressed (Vyakt) and non-expressed (Avyakt) objects are there?
There are twelve types:
1. Multiple (Bahu) - To know multiple examples of an object at a time,
e.g., as to know people in a gathering. 2. Few (Ek) - To know one or a few things at a time, e.g., to know a
person. 3. Complex (Bahuvidh) - To know many different objects at a time, e.g.,
to know men or dogs in a crowd 4. Simple (Ekvidh) - To know only one type of an object only, e.g., to
have knowledge of a specific person in a crowd. 5. Quick comprehension (Kshipra) - To know an object quickly. 6. Slow comprehension (Akshipra) – To come to know an object slowly
over time. 7. Partially exposed (Anihshrut) - To know an object fully although it is
only partially expressed, e.g., by seeing a trunk in the water, to know
that an elephant is there. 8. Completely exposed (Nihshrut) - To know the object once it is fully
expressed / visible. 9. Unspoken (Anukta) - To know an object without being aware of its
description. 10. Spoken (Ukta) - To know an object after knowing its description. 11. Constant (Dhruv) - Long lasting stable knowledge of an object. 12. Nonconstant (Adhruv) - The knowledge of an object, which can
increase or decrease with time.
99.
What is the scripture knowledge / articulate knowledge (Shrut gnan)?
An object is first known through perception knowledge. The knowledge of this object which enables one to know another object is called scripture knowledge / articulate knowledge, e.g., to know a word such as 'pot' and then to know different types of pots, such as water pots or flower pots, is called scripture knowledge / articulate knowledge.