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ces, history of the Church, rites and customs by L. Renou, &$ 2387-2433; doctrines by O. Lacombe $8 2455-2492; logic, Siddhasena Diväkara by J. Filliozat $8 2493 f.). Since then, .articles on Jainism have been published in several encyclopaedias (Encyclopaedia Universalis, Encylopedie de la Pleiade, Histoire des religions 1, p. 11051145, translated into English and printed in India, in the booklet by C. Caillat, A. N. Upadhye, B. Patel, Jainism, 1974). On the other hand, the sect of the Terapanthis has been the subject of a communication in the Societe Asiatique of Paris (1950) by L. Renou, and of a paper written by L. Renou and Marie-Simone Renou (Une secte religieuse dans l'Inde contemporaine", Etudes, mars 1951, p. 343-351). In fact, both L. Renou and Mme. Renou had always fostered great interest and sympathy for Jainism, and a short account of their visit to Rajaldesar (Bikaner), in 1949, where they had been very kindly invited and received, is inserted by M. S. Renou in her book L'Inde que j'aime (1968, p. 98-113).
Some points of the Ardha-magadhi language and of the old religious ritual have been examined by C. Caillat, in papers published in the Journal Asiatique or other periodicals (cf. recently Fasting unto death according to the Jain tradition", Acta Orientalia 38, 1977, p. 43-66, etc.), in Les expiations dans le rituel ancien des religieux jaina (1965; translated into English, with corrections and additions, Atonements in the ancient Ritual of the Jaina monks, Ahmedabad 1975, L D. Series 49), which owes much to the suggestions of L. Renou and W. Schubring. On the basis of Berlin and Ahmedabad manuscripts, C. Caillat further devoted a study to Candavej jhaya. Introduction, Edition critique. Traduction. Commentaire (1971). Presently, it is planned to edit an art book on Jaina cosmography. On the other hand, a Ph.D. is being prepared based on a series of kathās preserved in some of the Strasrbourg and Ahmedabad manuscripts, while anthropological enquiries are devoted to the study of the rites in contemporary Jaina communities.
To sum up, though, due to various circumstances, researches have, in France, focussed more on Brahmanism and Buddhism, it is certain that Jainism has always drawn the attention of scholars. Jaina studies attract students all the more nowadays as this field appears to be comparatively virgin and it is related to a living, dynamic Community, who, being interested in its cultural heritage, is ready to cooperate whenever a genuine scientific project is submitted.
लेखसार
फ्रान्स में जैन विद्याओं का अध्ययन
_ मैडम कोले कैले, पेरिस विश्वविद्यालय उन्नीसवीं सदी के पूर्वार्ध से विभिन्न विश्वकोशों तथा सामान्य पुस्तकों में दिये गये जैन सिद्धान्तों और जैन समाज के विवरणों से फ्रांस के विद्वान प्रभावित होते रहे हैं। उन्हें जैन, बौद्ध तथा ब्राह्मणों के सिद्धान्तों में रुचि रही है। सेनाई ने तो एक जैन पांडलिपि सूची भी प्रकाशित की थी। फिर भी, फ्रांस के विद्वानों को इन मतों के तुलनात्मक अध्ययन में अधिक रूचि उत्पन्न हुई। इनमें सेलविन लेवी तथा
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