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Jaina Theory of Multiple Facets of Reality and Truth the former case, the fallacy of non-coexistence (vaiyadhikaranya) remains status quo, and in the latter case two natures viz. astitva and nāstitva are required for the two aspects, and two again will be required for each of the two natures, and so on ad infinitum. 4. Confusion When the aspect in which the thing is the locus of universality, is also the locus of universality and particularity, and similarly when the aspect in which the thing is the locus of particularity, it yields the fallacy of confusion, which consists in the incidence of opposite attributes in a single locus. (sarveşāṁ yugapat-prāptiḥ samkaraḥ, SRA V, 8. p.738; SBT loc. cit.) 5. Transfusion By the aspect in which 'existence is affirmed the ‘non-existence' is asserted, and by the aspect in which 'non-existence' is asserted the 'existence'is affirmed. This is the fallacy of transfusion, or the exchange of function and attribute. (paraspara-visaya-gamanaṁ vyatikaraḥ, SRA loc. cit.; SBT loc. cit.) 6. Doubt Due to the absence of definite determinant on which to distinguish between 'existence' and 'non-existence', it is impossible to ascertain the exact nature of thing. This is the fallacy of doubt. 7. The above fallacy results in that of absence of determination. 8. That also tends to yield the fallacy of renouncement of determination of subjective reality. (SRA V, 8. pp. 737-743; PRM I, 130 p.28)
All these fallacies fail to apply to the syādvāda which is a philosophy of utterly different kind, for correlative concepts which are apparently contradictory to each other, are actually interdependent and noncontradictory concepts, when viewed from different stand-points. Abbreviations VS Anyayogavyavacchedadvātrimśikā (otherwise called Vitarāgastuti) SM Syādvādamañjarī ad VS, ed by A.B. Dhruva, Bombay Skt. & Pkt.
Series No. 83, Poona 1933.
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