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SEPTEMBER, 1874.]
NIJAGUŅA'S NOTES ON INDIAN MUSIC.
245
noble horse's neigh, and the rutting elephant's 1 yita, dirghochchhrita, lîlochchhrita, dirghalalita, roar are, in proper order, the (seven) agreeable lalitochchhrita, prastuta, kândita, kshipra, hata, anukarana dhwanis of shadja and the other akshipta, samullasita, komala, and ullasita svaras. Årdre, Pârvashâdha, Revati, Visakhë, komala are the twenty-two sruti gamakas; and Múla, Anûrâdha, and Makha are successively kampita, sphurita, lina, tribhinna, saptada, the janma nakshatras of shadja, etc. Ami- Ando?ita, A hara are the seven desi gamakas. vásye, trayodasi, panchami, ashtami, saptami, These different characteristics are to be studied. tadigě (tritiya), and navami are in a line the 5. The characteristics of the origin of the utpatti tithis of shadja, etc. Añgirasa, Bhrigu, modes (rága), and the scales (gráma), etc. Kasyapa, Vasishtha, Narada, Atri, and Kapila are The gita is born of the above-mentioned sruti in their order the Rishis of shadja, etc. Brahmi, gamukas of the svaras; it bears the following Maheśvari, Kaumâri, Vaishnavi, Vârâhi, Mahen
sia lakshanas : svara, susvara, suraga, madhura, dri, and Chamundi are in their order the adhi- akshara, alankára. For the origin of the rugas devatěs of shadja, etc. The red lotus (aruņabja), there are three grámas: the shadja gråma, the brown (kapila), gold (hema), blue lotus (ni
madhya gråma, and the gândhåra gráma. The lotpala), black (krishna), white (éveta), and gândhara grâma is used in the Gandharva world ; variegated (chitra) are successively the varnas the other two grâmas are used in the world of of shadja, etc. Shadja, madhyama, and pan- mortals. The five rägas called dhaivata, nishchama,- these three svaras belong to the brahma dini, shadja kesari, shadja diryavati, shadja jati; rishabha and dhaivata, these two belong madhyama are born of the shadja grâma; the to the kshatriya jati; gândhara and nishâda, ten rägas called gándhari, rakshogândhâri, these two belong to the vaisya játi; two others, madhyama gândhari, divyavati, madhyama divthe antara and kåkoli, belong to the budra jati. yavati, panohama gândhari, panchamendriya Love (sriñgara), mirth (hâsya), tenderness nandini, nandayanti, karma vyabhicháriņi, and (karuņa), anger (raudra), heroism (vira), terror kausiki are born of the madhyama grama. (bhayánaka), and disgust (bibhatsa) are in Thus the namber of râgas born of the two their order the phalas of the shadja, etc.
gråmas is fifteen. 3. The origin of the third and quarter 6. The classes (jati) of the modes. tones (sruti) from the notes.
The siz sadharana játis are: suddha, bhinna, Further, the four srutis called gahvari, nish- ganda, ashta sâdhârana, sapta sadharana, and kale, gûdhě, and sakalė are born of the shadja shat svara. The six called shadja grama, svara; the three srutis called madhurē, avali, madhya gråma, gauda, panchama sådhå rana, ekåkshari are born of the rishabha gvara; the kausiki, and malava kausiki are the râgas born two śrutis called bhriñgajati and pareñgitě, of the suddha játi; the four called bhinna sbadarise from the gândhâra svara; the four brutis ja, bhinna tâna, bhinna kausiki, madhyama called ranjaki, půrņě, alañkåriņi, and vambé bhinna are the râgas belonging to the gauda are born of the madhyama svara; the four srutis játi; the eight called shadâra, tîkâ råga, malacalled renuki, lalitě, tasthi, and vamsakė have vi, panchama mâlavi, kausiki, dhakka kausiki, their origin in the panchama svara; the three sauvira, and hindola are the râgas belonging to śrutis called bhåshåñgi, vartaki, and sampurně the ashta sádhárana játi; the seven called narare come into existence from the dhaivata svara ; taki, kakubha, shadja kausiki, bhramala, paitthe two drutis called prasanně and sarvavyapi chama bhramala, panchama gandhara, and rupa have originated in the nishada svara. Thus sådhârana belong to the sapta şádhárana jati; twenty-two srutis have come from the seven the eight called tike, saindhavi, parchama, svaras, and the svaras of prakriti and vikriti, shadava, deva gupta, gândhara gupta, kausika the táļa, the laya, and the melu come under gapta, and upåñga, are the râgas belonging to the consideration.
shat svara játi. Thus thirty-sixt rága murtis 4. The bruti-gamakas and desi-gamakas. which are shat trimsat tatvatmakas, arise from
Further, sphurita, pramita, dirgha, lalita, the six råga játis which are shadakshara-shauchchhrita, guruýrita, ullasita, sakshmita, dîrgh- dâmna ya-Bhatsthala-shadadhva-sevyas.
* Gamaks, according to the St. Petersburg Lexicon, The text seems to give only 33 ; the bhinna jati may denotes a deep pectoral tone.
I have been omitted..
