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SEPTEMBER 1874.]
ASIATIC SOCIETIES.
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ofa
(1462 A.D.); (2) from a loose slab at 'Alauddin's my assistant Mr. Beglar. In many places the acTreasury, Qatt Shah, Dihlf, 932 A.H., or A.D. cumulation of rubbish rose to eight feet in height, 1524-25; (3) from a ruined mosk near the Ajmir and as the stone pillars were lying flat underneath Gate, Agra, A.H. 1031 (A.D. 1621-22); (4) from this heap the amount of excavation was neces. Sujan Deo, near Allahabad, A.H. 1055; (5) from sarily rather great; but the whole work did not the tomb of one Lal Khan at Rajghat, Banaras, occupy more than six weeks, and all that now A.H. 1182; (6) from a mosk built at Sakitt in exists of this fine railing is now exposed to viow. the reign of Ghiya suddunya waddin This colonnade of the Bhara hut stupa is Abul Muzaffar Balban in A.H. 684 (A.D. of the same age and style as that of the great 1285); (7-9) other three from Sakit, dated A.H. Så nchistupa, near Bhilsa. But the Sanchi 947, 970, and 1097.
railing is quite plain, while the Bharahut railing It also contains a "Memorandum on the Operis profusely sculptured, every pillar and every ations of the Archæological Survey for the rail, as well as the whole coping, being sculptured season 1873-74," by Major-General Cunningham, on both faces, with an inscription on nearly R.E., C.S.I., from which we make the following every stone. From the characters of these ininteresting extracts :
scriptions, as in the similar case of the Sanchi In the State of Nagod (on the northern fron- stupa, the erection of the railing must be assigned tier of the Central Provinces), which was formerly to the age of Asoka, or about B.C. 250. called Uchahara, there are several ancient sites, The inscriptions are mostly records of the gifts one of which, named Dhaniya-Majgowa, has of pillars and rails like those of the Sánchi and yielded a number of copperplate inscriptions, other stupas. But there is also a considerable of which eight are now in the possession of number of descriptive records, or placards, placed the Raja of Nagod. These records belong to two either above or below many of the sculptures. different families of petty chiefs, of whom the These last are extremely valuable, as they will principal representatives are Raja Hastina, and enable us to identify nearly all the principal his sons Saksha bhana and Sarvvanatha figures and scenes that are represented in these in one line, and Rája Jay a nátha and his son ancient bas-reliefs. Sarvvanatha in the other line. At Bhu. Amongst the numerous sculptures at Bharahut bhara, twelve miles to the west-north-west of there are no naked figures as at Sanchi and at Uchahara, I obtained a short record of the last- Mathurs, but all are well clad, and especially the named prince inscribed on a stone pillar. But the women, whose heads are generally covered with most interesting remains are at Bhara hut, six richly figured cloths, which may be either musling miles to the north-east of Uchahara, nine miles or perhaps brocades or shawls. Most of the to the south-east of the Sutna railway station, figures, both male and female, are also profusely and 120 miles to the south-west of Allahabad. adorned with gold and jewelled ornaments, in
In our maps the place is called Bharsad, many of which one of the most significant and I believe that it may be identified with the Buddhist symbols plays a prominent part. The Barda otis of Ptolemy. It is the site of an earrings are mostly of one curious massive pattern old city, which only sixty years ago was covered which is common to both men and women. The with a dense jangal. In the midst of this jangalankus, or elephant-goad, was also a favourite ornastood a large brick stupa 68 feet in diameter sur- ment, which is placed at intervals in the long rounded by a stone railing 88 feet in diameter and necklaces of ladies. 9 feet in height. The whole of the stupa has been At each of the four entrances the corner pillars carried away to build the houses of the present bore statues, each 4 feet in height, of Yakshas village ; but rather more than half of the stone and Yakshinis, and of Naga Rajas, to whom railing still remains, although it has been prog- the guardianship of the gates was entrusted. trated by the weight of the rubbish thrown Thus at the northern gate there are two male agrinst it when the stupa was excavated. When I figures and one female, which are respectively first saw the place, only three of the railing pillars labellod Ajaká la ka Yakho, Kupiro near the eastern gate were visible above the Yakho, and Chad & Yakhi, that is, the ground, but & shallow excavation soon brought to Yakshas named Aja k&laka and Kupira, light some pillars of the south gate, from which and the Yakshini Chanda. Other Yakshas are I obtained the measurement of one quadrant of the named Suviloma, Viru da ka, and Gan. cirole. I was thus able to determine the diameter gito, and a second Yakshini is labelled Y&. of the enclosure, the whole of which was after khini Sudssana. On two other pillars there wards excavated, partly by myself and partly by are male figures, each with a hood canopy of five
• Blochmann's Translation of the Amn, pp. 126, 398, 400, 485, 516.
