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IV. ĀCĀRA OF THE HOUSEHOLDER
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are, therefore, to be changed in the light of the conduct and character of persons. Thus the forms may change but not the criterion, i. e., not the fundamental principle of Ahimsă in its comprehensive sense. After Samantabhadra Jinasena substitutes gambling for honey and does not disturb the other Mūlaguņas. A tremendous change which has been effected in the content is due to Somadeva. He substituted five Udambara fruits for five Aņuvratas, and keeps the remaining three, namely, to abstain oneself from wine, meat and honey, as Samantabhadra has done. Amitagati increases the number of Mūlaguņas by appending the avoidance of eating at night to the renunciation of wine, meat, honey and five Udambara fruits. Though this eminent Acārya has mentioned neither the name, 'Mūlaguna', nor their number, a little reflection would suffice to witness both. In the end of the chapter he has mentioned that at the start these pure Guņas should be practised; and regarding number, if five Udambara fruits are considered as one we have five Mūlagunas, and if as five, we have nine Mūlaguņas. The mentioning of the fact by Amţtacandra that even the worthiness of Jaina discipline is acquired by virtue of outright relinquishing the eight kinds of things, namely, meat, wine, honey and five Udambara fruits, is suggestive of eight Mülagunas. It is apparent from Vasunandi's view of the first stage of householder's conduct that he is regarding the abandonment of meat, wine, honey, five Udamber fruits, gambling, hunting, prostitution, adultery, and stealing as the Mūlaguņas. Āsādhara mentions the view of another Acārya who has prescribed somewhat different Mūlagunas, namely, the abandonment of meat, wine, honey, five Udambara fruits and eating at night, as also the devotion to the adorable five (Arahanta, Siddha, Ācārya, Upādhyāya and Sādhu), the use of water strained through a cloth, and the compassionate attitude towards the sentient beings.?
PROBLEM OF EATING AT NIGHT: We shall now dwell upon the problem of eating any kind of food at night. All the Ācāryas agree
1 Vasu. Srāva. Intro. p. 35. 2 Yas. and Ic. p. 262. 3 Amita. Srāva. V. 1. 4 Amita. Śrāva. V. 73.5 Puru. 74. Vasu. Srāva. 57 to 59. ? Sāgā. Dharma. II. 18.
8 Kinds of food—(Amita. Srāva. VI. 96, 97): 1. asana:-"All that is swallowed: grains, and pulses of all kinds, particularly the staple, boiled rice". (Jaina Yoga, p. 39); 2. pāna:-"All that is drunk: Water, milk, the juice of fruits". (Ibid. p. 39); 3. khādima:"All that is chewed or nibbled: fruits and nuts" (Ibid.); 4 svādima:-“All that is tasted or serves as a relish, pepper, cumin seeds 'etc,.
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