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IV. ACARA OF THE HOUSEHOLDER
Gunavrata and Bhogopabhogaparimāṇavrata to be the Sikṣāvrata Samantabhadra1 and Kättikeya agree in respect of the names of Vratas, but the former slightly varies the order by putting Deśavrata first in the order of Sikṣāvratas. Kārttikeya, Umāṣvāti and Samantabhadra discuss the nature of Sallekhana after the Sīlavratas. Vasunandi2 regards Deśavrata as the Gunavrata and bifurcates Bhogopabhogaparimāṇavrata into Bhogavirati and Paribhoganivṛitti and includes them in the Sikṣāvratas along with Sallekhana. Thus, in the Diagmbara sect of Jainism five traditions are witnessed concerning the Sīlavratas, namely, the traditions of Kundakunda, Kārttikeya, Umāsvāti, Samantabhadra, and Vasunandi. In the Svetambara sect of Jainism two traditions are witnessed, first, the tradition of Umāsvāti and secondly, the tradition of the Upāsakadasā and the Śrāvaka Prajñapti which is followed by Haribhadra, Hemacandra, Yasovijaya etc. The second tradition agrees with Karttikeya and Samantabhadra with slight variation in the order of Vratas. The different traditions, we may point out, are due to the differences of interpretations caused by differences in time, place and trends of thought, and not due to the non-conformity with the fundamental principles of Jainism.
We shall now dwell upon the nature of each of the Śīlavratas. Kundakunda in the Caritra Pāhuḍa3 has simply enumerated their names without explaining their nature according to his own interpretation. So it is very difficult to guess his mind by means of mere names. Though Umāsvāti has not mentioned the names, Gunavrata and Sikṣāvrata, the great commentators like Pujyapada and Vidyānandi have mentioned the first three as the Gunavratas, and the last four as the Sikṣāvratas.
NATURE OF DIGVRATA: We now proceed to deal with the nature of Digvrata. All the traditions recognise this as the Gunavrata. It consists in fixing the limits of one's own movements in the ten directions. For the purpose of demarcation are utilised the well known signs, such as oceans, rivers, forests, mountains, countries and Yojana stones. As regards the time limit, Samantabhadra and Akalanka®
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1 Ratna. Śrāva. 67, 91.
2 Vasu. Srava. 217, 218, 271 272.
3 Caritra Pähuda. 25, 26.
4 Sarvärtha. VII. 21. 5 Slokavärttika. p. 467.
6 Śrāva. Prajña. 280; Kärtti. 342; Ratna. Śrāva. 68; Subhāṣita. 792; Ta. sū. Bhā, VII. 21; Yo. Sä. III. 1.
7 Ratna. Śrāva. 69; Puru. 137; Caritrasāra. p. 14; Vasu. Śrāva. 214; Sarvārtha. VII. 21; Sāgā. Dharma. V. 2; Rāja. VII. 21. 8 Ratna. Srava. 68. 9 Rāja. VII. 21/20.
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