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called anuvratas and list them in five categories for imposing self control on the use of resources for self consumption. This anuvrata explains the direction of needs for family and quality of life. The aim of this action is to discreetly control one's limitless desires and possessions which put them in the endless race of activities. Jainism offers a therapeutic solution to the modern life of tensions and anxieties through its principle of aparigraha. Truthfulness and honesty are the prerequisites for practice of aparigraha. The Jainism, thus advocates that ownership of production structure which does not give a feeling of possession. The entrepreneur thus acts as a trusty for the society or even for the entire ecosystem. Thus focus in such organization is on the rationality in the planning and use of resources. Through various karmadans (avoidable vocations), it advocates the form of economic organisation which promotes harmonious, equity and justice based societies with no scope for exploitation. Religion as a tool of economic advancement can lay down high moral codes which respects each other's right to property and freedom of practicing one's own trade of business. The inner life of an individual is more valuable than any thing that a state can guarantee. The code of conducts thus focuses on the satisfaction of inner life and betterment of soul i.e. ātmā. The selection of occupation thus is very important in the achievement of the target of life. Impact of Jain Philosophy on Occupation:
Non-violence was the basic thrust of Mahāvīra's teachings (Acharya Mahaprajna, 2001), and therefore the aticārs (violations) explains the avoidable occupations by a Śrāvaka (follower), there were several industries/occupations which were considered avoidable. The 15 karmādānas (avoidable vocations) give the guidance for the selection of occupations. The classification is not based on varņa but derived on the basis of its relationships with nature and ecology. They give direction for such occupations which have least damaging impact on the nature and environment. The jainsim thus advocates nature and environment friendly occupation. The entire world is now talking for the need of such economic development. The various karmādānas are as follows : (See Bhagavati Sūtra, Vol-3, śataka - 8, Udeśaka - 5, sūtra 242). These fifteen karmādāna are also known as kharakarma or krūrakarma in sāgaradharmāmsta. Sr. Name
Meaning
Explanation No. 1. Angāra Karma Activities relating to Engaging in those
fire
occupations that require excessive use of fire such as putting up brick kilns; running factories for making soap and oil and for making matchboxes and
Arhat Vacana, 24 (1), 2012
