Sankshipta Jain Itihas Part 02 Khand 01

Author(s): Kamtaprasad Jain
Publisher: Mulchand Kisandas Kapadia
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/010473/1

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. A ft SO Pleas samarpaNa shriilnggu o snaay'utntreii jumbaai, ! raIsa, alIgaMja (eTA) - aada FDDGE -OCIENCESoniasansadeodee haisdom DOEDOS Na POLDEREDRESS RESERROcese pitAnI! 5 bhApake anugrahase jo jJAna prApta kiyA hai usake phala-svarUpa yaha bheMTa bhApake krkmloNmeN| sAdara savinaya samarpita hai| ApakA putra kAmatAprasAda / - L=ERDER-BOLLEGess

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1 viSaya-sUcI masi pustakAlaya 1-mAkkathana-jainadharmakA polata rUpa, jainadharmako prAcInatA, prAcIna bhAratakA svarUpa, tatkAlIna mukhya rAjyAta 2-zizunAga vaMza-utpatti, upazreNika, zreNika bimbasAra, abhayakumAra, ajAtazatru, kuNika, darzaka, udayana, nandivardhana, mahAnandina Adi 3.kicchivimAdigaNarAja-prAcIna bhAratamai prajAtantra, licchivi, 'rAnA ceTaka, zatAnika, dazaratha, udayana, . celanI, vaizAlI,jyeSThA, candanA, zAkya, maha, gaNarAjya 29 1-jJAnika kSatrI aura.pra. mahAvIra-kollAga, vajiyana, siddhArtharAjA, trizalA, kuNDagrAma, bha0 mahAvIrakA jIvanakAla, nirgrantha jainI, bhavarudra, mAkha lagozAlaM, pUrNakAzyapa, AnIvaka, gautamabuddha, kauzaladeza, mithilA, vaizAlI, caMpA, dharmaghoSa, sudarzana seTha, magadha, pAMcAla, kaliMga, vaMga, mathurA, dakSiNa bhArata, rAjapUtAnA, gujarAta, paMjAba, kAzmIra AdimeM dharmapracAra, jJanRvaMza 41 5-vIra saMgha aura anya rAjA-vIra saMghake gaNadhara, gautama, .. agnimRti, vAyubhUti, sudharmAcArya, yamarAjA, maNDiA putra, mauryaputra, apita, acalavRtta, prabhAsa, vAriSaga, / caMdanA mAdi .... .. .... 119 6-tatkAlIna sabhyatA aura paristhiti-tatkAlIna

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maga ..... (6) rAna avasthA, sAmAjika dazA, mahilA mahimA, pArmika sthiti, muniva mAryikAoMkA dharma, zrAvakAcAra Adi 138 7-bha0 mahAvIrakA nirvANakAla-vIra saMvata, zaka zAlivAhana, nahapAna, vikrama saMvata .... .... 157 -antima kevalI zrIjambUsvAmI-bAlyakAla, vIratA, vairAgya, vivAha, munijIvana, sarvajJa dazA va dharmapracAra, zvetAmbara kathana .... .... 171 9-nanda vaMza-navananda, naMdivardhana Adi.... .... 18. 10-sikandara mahAnakA AkramaNa aura tatkAlIna jaina sAdhu bhAratIya tatvavettA, di0 jaina sAdhu jimnosophisTa, muni mandanIsa aura kalonasa Adi .... .... 186. 11-zrutakevalI madrabAhu aura anya AcArya-jaina saMghakA dakSiNameM prasthAna, zvetAMbara pahAvalI, jaina saMghameM bheda, zrutajJAnakI vikSipti, zve. sthUlabhadra, mAdi .... 201 12-maurya sAmrAjya-candragupta maurya, sailyUkasa, zAsana prabaMdha, sAmAjika dazA, dhArmika sthiti, candragupta jaina the, cANakya, azoka, kaliMga vijaya, azokakI * zikSAyeM, azoke jaina dharmAnusAra pAribhASika zabda aura unake dArzanika siddhAMta, azokakA jainadharma pracAra, zilAlekha va zilpa kArya, aMtima jIvana, azokake uttarAdhikArI, rAmA sAmprati aura janasaMgha, /seTha sukumAla, maurya sAmrAjyakA anta, uparAMtakAlake mauryavaMzana, zugavaMza ... ... .. 218

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greemenanewwwesesex saMketAkSa' suucii| armeniam Raasaram. prastuta prathaka saMkalanameM nimna prayoMse sadhanyavAda sahAyatA prahaNa kI gaI hai, jinakA ullekha nimna saMketarUpameM yathAsthAna kiyA gayA hai:____ adha= azokake dharmalekha'-lekhaka zrI0 janArdana bhara ema0 e. (kAzI, saM0 1980) / mahiha bhI hisTrI oNpha inDiyA'-le0 para vinsenTa smitha ema0 e0 (bautho aavRtti)| azoka 'azoka'-le. sara vinsenTa smitha ema0 e0 / Aka0 mArAdhanAkathAkoSa'-le. va. nemidatta (janamitra oNphisa, baibaI 2440 vI0 s0)| oNjI oNjIviksa'-bhAga 1-DA. venImAdhava bAruA0 DI0 liT (kalakattA 1920) / bhAsU0- AcArAGga sUtra mUla (vetAmbara bhaagmprth)| hii0 oNksapharDa hisTrI oNpha inDiyA-vinsenTa smiya ema0 e0|| iMai0-iMDiyana ainTIkverI' (traimAsika ptrikaa)| hariI0 insAyaklopeDiyA oNpha rilIjana eNDa iviksa' haisttinaas| isaje- iMDiyana seka oNpha dI jain'-dulhara / iMhivA0'iDiyana hisaTaoNrIkala kvArTalI-saM0 DaoN. narendranAya laoNkalakattA / uda0='uvAsagadasAo muta'-haoN0 hANala (Biblo. Indica) | upu0 va u. pu0uttApugaNa'-zrI guNabhadrAcArya va pa0 laalaaraamjii| usU0-'uttarAdhyayana sUtra-zvetAmbarIya Agamapraya) jAla kAnTiyara (upasalA)

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( ) epiprephimA inhikaa| eise. yA 'bhaieziyenTa inDiyA eja DiskAna cAI megasthanIja eNDa airiyn'-(1877)| eka ena ipIToma oNpha jainIma-zrI pUrNacandra nAhara ema. e0 / emikSaTrA0 eziyenTa miha iMDiyana kSatrira TrAisa-oN. vimalAcaraNa laoN (klkttaa)| __ aiio aiziyATika risaceMja-para viliyama jondha ( san 1799 va 1809) / aii0 endhiyenTa inDiyA eja DiskAinDa bAi sTraivo, maikakrinDila (1901) / kajAiniMghama, jaoNgaraphI oNpha enidhayenTa InDiyA'- kalakattA 1924 ) / lie hisTrI oNpha kanArIz2a liTrecara'-60 pI0 rAisa (ma. LS. ) 1921. kasUilyasUtra' mUla (zvetAmbarIya bhAgama pry)| kAle-kAramAikala lekcarsa-DaoN0 DI0 Ara0 bhANDArakara / kehihaH kaimbija hiTro oNpha inDiyA'-ainziyenTa iMDiyA, mA0 1-pasana sA0 (1922) / gusAparika-gujarAtI sAhitya pariSada riporTa-sAtavIM / (bhASanagara saM. 1982) / gauvuna gautama buddha' ke0 je0 saoNnDarsa (E. I. S) cabhama caMdrarAja bhaMDArI kRta bhagavAna mahAvIra / javimoso jarnala oNpha dI vihAra eNDa oDIsA risarca sosAiTI / ' jambU-jambUkumAracarita (sUrata vIrAnda 2440) / amIso0 janala oNpha dI mISika sosAiTI-baiMgalora /

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(1) bharAyo jaravala bhaoNpha chI raoNyala aisiyATika sosaaittiidn| jaikA jaina kAnUna-zrI. campatarAya jana vidhAvA (manAra 142) baiga - jainagaijeTa'-aMgrejI ( madrAsa ) / jaima jainadharma prakAza-bra0 zItalaprasAdajI (vijanIra 1915) / jastU -'janastUpa eNDa adara eNTIkaTIja oNpha mathuga-sisaya / jaisAsa = jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka-mu0 jinavijayajI (puunaa)| simA0='nainasiddhAnta bhAskara'-zrI padmarAja jaina (klkttaa)| jaizisaM0 caina zilAlekha saMgraha-praoN0 hIrAlAla jaina (mANikacandra anyamAlA ) / hi0- jainahitaiSI' saM0 pannAdhUrAmajI va pazugara kizorajI (baMbaI) jaisU0 (Js. )jaina sUtrAz2a (S. B.E. Series, Vols. XXII & XLV. TaoNsa-TaoNDasA0 kRta rAjasthAnakA itihAsa viGkaTezvara presa) / DijeSAe dikzanarI oNpha jana vAyopraiphI'-zrI umarAvakhiMDa -TaoNka (bhaaraa)| takSa='e gAiDa TU takSazilA-sura gaoNna mArazala (1918) / vasvArtha='tatvAryAdhigama sUtra-zrI umAsvAti (SBI.Vol.I) tipa0tiloyapatti'-zrI yativRSabhAcArya (janahitaiSI mA013zaMkA2) dina digambara jaina '-mAsikapana-sa0 zrI mUlacanda kisanadAsa kApar3iyA (suurt)| dIni dIghanikAya' (PT.S.) pari0= pariziSTa parva-zrI hemacandrAcArya / prAjaile prAcIna jaina lekhasapA-kAmatAprasAda jaina (vardhA) baviojasmA gAla, bihAra, oDIsA jaina smAraka-zrImAna : -shiitlprsaadjii| vajaismA0bambaI prAntake prAcIna jaina smAraka- shiitlprsaaddhii| budabudiSTa inDiyA-pro0 hIsa DeviDsa /

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(1.) bhapA0-bhagavAna pArzvanAya-le0 kAmanAprasAda jaina (sarata) bhamaH bhagavAna mahAvIra-, , , (sUrata) bhama0 bhagavAna mahAvIra aura ma0 buddha-kAmavAprasAda jaina (sarava) bhamI0-mAraka mImAMsA (gujarAtI )-surata / bhAio=bhAratavarSakA itihAsa-DaoN0IzvarIprasAda DI0liT (prayAga 1950) bhAbhayo bhazoka' DaoN0 bhANDArakara (kalakattA) / mAprArA bhAratake prAcIna rAjavaMza-zrI vizvezvaranAtha reu (naI) / bhAprAsaha bhAratakI prAcIna sabhyatAkA itihAsa para ramezvavandra rt| maha-marAThI jaina itihAsa / manimanimama majjhima nikAya P. T.s. mamaiprAjaismA0madAsa maisurake prAcIna jaina smAraka-prazItalaprasAdukhI mahA0=mahAvaraNa ( S. B. E, Vol. XVII) milinda0 milinda panha (S. BE, Vol. XXXV) murA-mudrArAkSasa nATaka-ina dI hindU DAmeTika varkasa, vilasana / mUlA mUlAcAra-varakarasvAmI ( hiMdI bhASA shit-vaiii)| memo0azoka-maikaphaila chata (H.I. S.) maipu0-mainyula oNpha buddhijma-spena hArDI / rAkaralakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra-saM0 50 jugalakizorajI (vaMbaI) / rAi0 rAjapUtAnekA itihAsa, bhAga :-10 va. paM. gaurIdhakAra hIrAcada mojhA / riha0=risaujanma oNpha dI impaayr-lndn)| lAmaoNma0 lAipha bhaoNpha mahAvIra-lA. mANikacaMdajI (ilAhAbAda) / lAmAio=bhAratavarSakA itihAsa-lA0 lAjapatarAyakRta (laahaur)| lAma0 lArDa mahAvIra eNDa adara TIcarsa oNpha hima TAima kAmavAprasAda (dillii)| lAvabuka lAipha eNDa basa oNpha vuddhaghoSa-DaoN. vimalAcaraNa meM (klkttaa)|

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(11) vRjezaka vRhad bana zabdArNava-paM0 bihArIlAlajI caitanya / vira0 vidvadgalagAlA-paM0 nAyUrAmajI premI (bNbii)| bhava0 aplaNavelagolA, rA0 ba0 pro0 narasiMhAcAra ema0e0 (madrAsa). zreca0 zreNikacaritra (suurt)| sakau sambhaktva kaumudii-(vmbii)| sajai0 pranAtana jainadharma-anu0 kAmatAprasAda (klkttaa)| majaha sakSipta jaina itihAsa-prathama bhAga-kAmatAprasAda (suurt)| saDiau0 dhama DisTinguiDa jainna-umarAvasiMha TAka (bhAgarA) / saMprAjaismA0 saMyukta prAntake prAcIna jaina smAraka-pra0 shiitlprsaadjii| ssAijai0 sTaDIja ina sAutha inDiyana jainIjma-mo. rAmAsvAmI bhAyaMgara / satU0 samrATa akavara aura sUrIzvara-muni vidyAvijayajI (aagraa)| sakSadAei0prama kSatrI TrAipa ina eziyanTa inDiyA DaoN. vimalAvaraNa lii| sAsa-sAmsa oNpha dI bradarena / muni suttanipAta (S. B.E.) / harita-darivaMzapurANa-zrI jinasenAcArya (klkttaa)| haoNja-haoNrTa oNpha jainIjma-miseja sTIvenDana (laMdana) / -hisTrI oNpha dI Aryana rUla ina inDiyA-haivela / higlI0=hisTaoNrIkala glInigama-DaoN. vimalAcaraNa laoN0 (latA) hiTe-hindU Telsa-je0 je0 meyarsa / hiAva0 hindU DrameTika vama-vilasan / hiprIiphi0 hisTrI oNpha dI prI-buddhisTika iMDiyana philaoNsaphIbAramA ( kalakattA) hilijai08 hisTrI eNDa liTrecara oNpha jainIma-bArodiyA (1901) / hivi0 hindI vizvakoSa-nagendranAtha vasu (klkttaa)| kSatrIlensa0 kSatrIklainsa ina buvisTa iMDiyA-DaoN0vimalAcaraNa laoN0 /

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shuddhaashuddhiptr| 17 .... sakSadAe i. upadezakA pahalA khaNDa (600-184I. pUrva) sakSadAe i. usa dezakA ispAdi ityAdi asantI assake kAramahakala 1018 zatAbdika prasenajI ghasaMva majisama0 sa0 bhavantI bharasaka kAramAikila 1918 zAtAnIka prasenajIta saMbadha majjhima 702 21 pR. 21 pATali svapravAsavadattA 3-oNdi . rakhanevAle the| thI / saMkhyA 15 14 211-11 pATIla svamavAsadattA 3-ahida rakhanevAlI thI thii| 1 saMsthA 20 mama0 5 paridhi meM phailA batalAyA kollAga 8 dvAdazAGka 23 , mama0 paridhimeM phailA batalAtA kolAga dvAdazAkSa 4.

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paMki 13 44 azuddha gayagaoNma mahApuruSa sakSadAe i. u060 koligrAma svasa 2 53 . dazAja sakSapadAe 4 AIta nigaDo mahAdIra thii| - nagna huye the| 22 mavijJAnane 23 Js. T. P. 193 mahAvIra 22 batalAI rAmagAma yaha mahApuruSa sakSaTAeha. uda. koTimAma svarNa bhagavAnane 'aindra dazA sUtra sakSadAe. Aheta - niTho mahAvIra thii| nama nahIM huye the| matijJAnake Js. I. P. 193 mahAvIra aura 18 jo batalAI pR0 35 Anti. Tirthakas roformer , , Antri. Tirthakar . 26 roformer , 0x 3 22 30 zrAvaNI 6-7 se| Appendins bhAvastI dekho| uda. Appendix

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saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / maTala niyamase apane nesasiMga svabhAva-sadA vinayI rahanekI bhAvanAse vaMcita nahIM hai| ataeva vijayI honecA dharma prAruja-manA. dinidhana aura pUrNa satya hai| kintu prazna yaha hai ki manuSyako kisa prakAra vijaya pAnA hai? kyA nima vastuko vaha apane bhAdhIna karanA cAhe, usake liye yuddha ThAna de ? nahIM, manupyetara prANiyoMse manunyameM kucha vizeSatA hai| usake pAsa vive buddhi hai| jisame vaha satyAsatyakA nirNaya kara saktA hai / yaha vipanA manya jIvoMko nasIba nahIM hai| isa vivebuddhike anumAra use vinaya-mArgameM agrasara honA samucita hai| aura viveka batalAtA hai ki jo anyAya hai, duguMga hai, burI vAsanA hai, uptako parAsta karaneke liye karmakSetrameM mAnA manuSyamAtrA kartavya hai| ThIka, yahI dAta jainadharma sikhAtA hai / vaha vinayIdoroMgA dharma hai| usake caubIsa tIrthakara vIraziromaNi kSatrIkulake ratna the| unane paramotkRSTa jJAnako pAra vinaya-mArga nirdiSTa kiyA thA-manuSyoMko batalA diyA thA ki anAdikAlase jIva bhanIvake phaMdemeM par3A huA hai| prakRtene cetana padArthako apane AdhIna banA liyA hai| isa prakRtiko yadi parAmta kara diyA jAya to pUrNa vina kA paramAnanda prApta ho / usake liye kisIkA Azraya lenA aura pAyA muMha tAkanA vRthA hai| manuSya apane pairoM khar3A hove aura burI vAsanAo eva pAyoM ko tabAha karake vinayI vIra bana jAve ! phira vaha svAdhIna hai| usake liye mAnanda hI mAnanda hai| yaha prAkRta zikSA jainadharmako abhedya prAcInatAca pAra na milane kA prayApta / uttara hai|

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paakthn| 'saMkSipta jaina itihAsa ke prathamabhAgameM janadharmake saiddhAntika jainadharmakI prAcInatA ullekhoM eva anya zrotoMse usakI ajJAta aura bahu prAcInatAkA digdarzana karAyA jAcuna 24 tIrthaMkara / hai| mataH unakA yahApara duharAnA vRthA hai| mainadharma jisa samaya karmabhUmile isa kAlake prAraMbhameM punaH zrI Rpabhadeva dvArA pratipAdita humA thA, usa samaya sabhyatAkA aruNodaya horahA thaa| yaha apamdeva izvAravaMzI kSatrI rAjakumAra the aura hindU purANoMke anumAra ve svayaMm manuse pAMcavIM pIDhomeM huye batalAye gaye haiN| unheM hindU evaM bauddha zAstrakAra mI sarvajJa, sarvadarzI aura isa yugake prArambhameM jainadharmakA prarUpaNa karanevAlA likhate haiN| hindra avatAroM meM vaha AThaveM gane gaye haiM aura sabhavata. vedoMmeM bhI unhIMkA ullekha milatA hai / caudahaveM vAmana avatAramA ullekha nissandeha vedoMmeM hai / ataH vAmana avatArase pahale huye aTha. avatAra RpamadevajJA ullekha ina anena vedoM meM honA yuktiyukta pratIta hotA hai| kucha bhI ho unakA ina vedoMse prAcIna honA middha hai| ina RpabhadevakI mUrtiyAM Ajase hAIhanAra varSa pahale bhI sammAna aura pUjya dRSTise isa bhAratamahIpara mAnyatA pAtI thii| inhIM RSabhadeke jyeSTha putra samrAT bharatake nAmase yaha deza bhAratavarSa kahalAtA hai| RSabhadevake uparAnta dIrghakAlake mantarase kramavAra teIsa tIrthakara bhagavAna aura huye the| unhoMne parivartita dravya, kSetra, kAla 1-pakSita jana itihAsa prathama bhAgakA prastAvanA pRSTa 26-30 / 2-bhAgavata 54, 5, 6|3-nyaayvind a. 3 va satazAkha-'vIra' varSa 4 pR. 353 / 4-hamAga, bhagavAna mahAvIra pR. 38 / 5-jadizromo0 mA0 3 pR. 4. /

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4] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / bhAvake anusAra punaH vahI satya, vahI nirApada vijayamArga tAtkA. lIna janatAko darzAyA thaa| ina tIrthaMkaroM se vIsaveM tIrthaMkara zrI munisuvratanAthajIke tIrthakAlameM zrI rAmacandranI aura lakSmaNanI huye the| vAIpa tI kara neminAthanIke samakAlIna zrI kRSNajI the; jinake sAtha zrI neminAthanIkI aitihAsikatAko vidvAna svIkAra karane lage haiM, kyoMki bhagavAna pArzvanAthanIse pahale huye tIrthaGkaroke astitvako pramANita karaneke liye spaSTa aitihAsika pramANa upalatA nahIM haiN| kintu to bhI jaina purANoMke kathanase evaM Ajase karIba DhAI tIna hajAra varSa pahale bane huye pASANa avazeSoM athaca zilAlekho va bauddhagranthoMke ullekhoMme zeSa jaina tIrthaGkageMkI prAcIna mAnyatA aura phalataH unake astitvakA patA calatA hai / teIsaveM tIrthakara zrI pArzvanAthajIko aba harakoI eka aitihAsika mahApuruSa mAnatA hai aura antima tIrthaGkA bhagavAna mahAvIrajIke jIvanahAlase jainadharmakA eka prAmANika itihAsa hameM mila jAtA hai| yaha mAnI huI bAta hai ki dharmAtmA cinA dharmakA astitva _ nahI raha sakA hai| ataeva kisI dharma kA itijaina itihaas| - hAsa umake mAnanevAloMkA pUrva-paricaya mAtra kahA jA saktA hai / jainadharmake prAtipAlaka loga jaina kahalAte hai| 1-ipIophiyA inDikA bhA0 1 pR. 389 pa sakSaTrAe hu0 bhUmikA pR0 4 / 2-mathuga kaMkAlI TIlekA prAcIna jaina stUpa Adi / 3-hAthIguphAkA zilAlekha-javioso. bhA0 3 pR. 426-490 / 4-bha. mahAvIra aura ma0 buddha pR. 51 va lA0 ma0 pR. 30 / 5-hamArA bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI bhUmikA /

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paakthn| - jinameM brAhmaNa, kSatrI, vaizya aura zUdra Adi saba hIkA samAveza huA samajhiye arthAta jaina hote huye bhI pratyeka vyaktikI jAti jyoMkI tyoM rahatI hai, isameM saMzaya nahIM hai; yadyapi kisI ajainake jainadharmameM dIkSita hote samaya usakI AjIvikA-vRtti aura rahanasahanake anusAra usako upayukta jAtimeM sammilita kiyA jAptakatA hai| ataH jainadharma viSayaka isa saMkSipta itihAsameM jaina mahApurUSoMkA aura jainadharma sambandhI vizeSa ghaTanAoM kA paricaya evaM usana prabhAva bhinnara kAloMmeM usa samayakI paristhitipara kaisA par3A thA, yaha batalAnA iSTa hai| isake prathama bhAgameM bhagavAna pArzvanAthabhI takamA sAmAnya paricaya prakaTa kiyA nAcukA hai| isa bhAgameM bhagavAna mahAvIrajIke samayase uparAnta madhyakAlatakake naina itihAsako saMkSepameM prakaTa kiyA jAtA hai| prathama bhAgameM jaina bhUgolameM bhAratavarSakA sthAna aura usakA prArUtarUpa AdikA paricaya karAyA jAcukA hai| sacamuca kisI dezakI prAkRtika sthitikA prabhAva apanI bhAratakI kA khAsa vizeSatA rakhatA hai| usadezakA itihAsa dazAkA prabhAva / hI usa prabhAvake DhaMgapara Dhala jAtA hai| bhArata ke viSayameM kahA gayA hai ki usakI prAkRtika sthitikA sAmAjika saMsthAoM aura manuSyoMkI rahanasahana para bar3A prabhAva par3A hai| dhIrera bar3I bar3I nadiyoM ke kinAre suramya nagara basa gaye jo kAlAntarameM vyApArake prasiddha kendra hogaye / bhUmike urbarA honese dezameM dhana 1-AdipurANa parva 39 /

Page #16
6] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / / dhAnyakI sadaiva pracuratA rahI * isase samyatAke vikAsa meM bar3I sahAyatA milI | jaba manuSyakA citta zAnta rahatA hai aura jaba kisI prakAra unakA mana DovADola nahIM hotA tabhI lalitakalA, vijJAna aura ucca koTika sAhityakA prAdurbhAva hotA hai| prAcIna bhAratavAsiyoMke jIvanako sukhamaya banAnevAle padArtha sulabha the / * isIlie usakI samyatA sadaiva agragaNya rhii| cAroM orase surakSita honeke kAraNa bhAratakA anya dezose vizeSa samparka nahIM huaa| phalataH yahAM sAmAjika saMsthAe~ aisI dRr3ha hogaI ki unake bandhanoMkA DhIlA karanA aba bhI kaThina pratIta hotA hai| yahAke mUla nivAsiyopara bAharI mAkramaNakAriyoM kA kabhI adhika prabhAva nahIM par3A / jo anya dezoMse bhI Aye ve yahAMkI janatAmeM mila gaye aura unhoMne tatkAlIna pracalita dharma aura rItirivAjoMko apanA * patrAT candraguptake samayameM bhAratameM Ae hue yUnAnI lekhakoMka nimna vAkya isa khuviyoM ko acchI taraha prakaTa kara dete hai| megasthanIja likhatA hai:-"bhAratameM bahutase bar3e parvata hai, jinapara hara prakArake phala-phUla denevAle vRkSa bahutAyatase hai aura kaI lambe caur3e upajAU maidAna hai, jinameM nadiyA vahatI hai| prathivIkA bahumAga jalase sIMcA huA milatA hai. jisase phasala bhI khUba hotI hai|...bhaartvaasiyoNke jIvanako sukhanaya banAnevAlI sAmagrI mulabha hai, isa kAraNa unakA zarIra gaThana bhI utkRSTa hai aura vaha apanI sammAnayukta zikSA-dIkSAke kAraNa savameM salaga najara par3ate hai| basti kalAnoMmeM bhI ve vizeSa paTu hai / phaloMke atirikta mRgarbhase unheM sonA, cAdI, tAmbA, lohA, ityAdi dhAtuaiM bhI bAhulyatAse prApta hai| isIliye kahate hai ki bhAratameM kabhI akAla nahIM par3A aura na pahA khAdya padArthakI kaThinAI kabhI agAr3I aaii|" -maikrinDala, enziyenTa inDiyA, 0 30-32.

Page #17
prAkathana / liyaa| apane dezameM saba prakArakI suvidhA hone ke kAraNa bhArata. vAsiyoMne sAMsArika viSayoM ko chor3akara paramArthakI ora adhika dhyAna diyA / yahI kAraNa hai ki prAcIna kAlameM mAdhyAtmika unnati madhika huI aura hindu samAjameM adbhuta tatvajJAnI hue I+ isa sthitise katipaya vidvAn bhAratakI kucha hAni huI khayAla karate haiM / unakA anumAna hai ki dezakI pracura sampattise AkarSita hokara bhanekavAra videziyoMke bhAratapara AkramaNa hue aura usameM unane khUba aMdhAdhuMdhI macAI / uparokta sthitike kAraNa bhAratavAsI unakA mukAbilA karane ke liye paryApta balavAna na rahe; kintu unake isa kathanameM, aitihAsika dRSTise, bahuta hI kama tathya hai| tattvajJAnakI adbhuta unnati bhagavAna mahAvIra aura ma0 buddhake samayameM khuba huI thii| usasamaya dezake eka chorase dusare choratA mAdhyAtmika bhAvoMkI lahara daur3a rahI thI; kintu usase logoMmeM bhIratAkA samAveza nahIM huA thaa| vaha jIvake amarapanemeM dRr3ha vizvAsa rakhate the aura yahI kAraNa thA ki antima nandarAjAke samayameM hue sikaMdara mahAnake AkramaNakA bhAratIyoMne bar3I vIratAke sAtha mukAbalA kiyA thaa| yahAMtaka ki bhAratIya senAkI dRr3hatA aura tatparatA dekhakara yunAnI senAke Asana pahalese bhI aura DhIle hogaye the| phalataH sikandara apane nizcayako saphala nahIM banA sakA thaa| isake uparAnta candragupta mauryane usa hI mAdhyAtmika sthitike madhya jisa satsAhasakA paricaya diyA thA, vaha vidvAnoM ke uparokta kathanako sarvathA nirmUla kara detA hai| samrAT candragupta mauryane yUnAni * bhAratavarSa itihAsa pR0 10.

Page #18
8] saMkSipta na itihaas| yoMko bhAratavarSakI sImAoMme bAhara nikAla diyA thA aura yUnAniyoMse aphagAnistAna vartI pariyAnA pradeza bhI le liyA thaa| yUnAnI rAnA selyUkasane vinamra ho apanI kanyA bhI candraguptaze bheMTakara dI thii| isa prakAra jabataka tattvajJAnakI lahara viveka bhAvaye bhArata. vasuMdharA para bahatI rahI, tabataka dama dezakI kucha bhI hAni nahIM huI, kintu jyoMhI tattvanAnakA sthAna sAmpradAyika moha aura vidve. pako milagayA, tyoMhI isa dezakA sarvanAza honA prAraMbha hogayA / hUNa athavA zakalogoMki bhAkramaNa, jo uparAnta bhAratapara huye: unameM una videziyoMko saphalatA parasparameM phaile huye isa sAmpradAyika vidveSake kAraNa hI milii| aura phira pirale jamAne meM mumalamAna, mAkramaNakArI rAjapUtoMpara pArasparika ekatA aura sagaThanake abhAvameM vinayI huye / vAn koI nahIM kaha saktA hai ki rAjapUtoMmeM vIratA nahIM thii| ataeva mAdhyAtmika tatva bahupacAra honese isa dezakI hAni huI khyAla karanA nirIha bhUla hai| Ajase karIba DhAIhanAra varSa pahile bhI bhAratakI AkRti prAcIna bhAratakA aura vistAra prAyaH mAnakalake samAna thaa| svarUpa / saubhAgyase usasamaya sikandara mahAna ke sAtha Aye huye yUnAnI lekhakoMkI sAkSIse usa samayake bhAratakA mAkAravistAra vidita hojAtA hai| megAsthanIja kahatA hai ki usa samayakA bhArata samacaturAkAra (Quadrilateral) thaa| pUrvIya aura dakSiNIya sImAyeM samudrase veSTita thIM; kintu uttarIyabhAga himAlaya parvata (Mount Homodos) dvArA zAkyadeza (Skythia) se prathaka kara diyA gayA thaa| pazcimameM bhAratakI sImAko siMdhunadI

Page #19
praakthn| 'pranTa karatI thI, jo usa samaya saMsArabharameM nIlanadIke atirikta sabase bar3I mAnI jAtI thii| sAre dezakA vistAra arthAt pUrvase pazcimataka 1149 mIla aura uttarase dakSiNataka 1838 mIla thaa| yaha varNana bhAratakI vartamAna Akatise prAyaH ThIka baiThatA hai| jisa prakAra bhArata bhAga eka mahAdvIpa hai, usI prakAra taba thA / bhAna 'isa dezako uttarI sthalasImA 1600 mIla, pUrvapazcimakI sImA lagabhaga 1200 aura pUrvottara sImA lagabhaga 500 mIla hai| samudrataTakA vistAra lagabhaga 3500 mIla hai| kula kSetraphala 18,02,667 vargamIla hai| hAM, eka bAta usa samaya avazya vizeSa thI aura vaha yaha thI ki candragupta maurya ne yUnAnI rAjA selyUkasako parAsta karake aphagAnistAna, kAMdhAra mAdi pazcima sImAvartI deza bhI bhAratameM sammUilita kara liye the| bhAratake vividha prAntoMmeM paraspara eka dUsarese vibhinnatA pAI jAtI hai aura yahAM ke nivAsI manuSya bhI saba bhAratakI ektaa| eka nasalake nahIM haiN| megasthanIja bhI batalAnA hai ki bhAratakI vRhat mAkatiko eka hI deza lete huye, usameM aneka aura bhinna jAtiyoMka manuSya rahate milate haiM; kintu unamese eka bhI kisI videzI nasalake vaMzaja nahIM the| unake AcAravicAra prAyaH eka dUsarese bahuta milate julate the| isI kAraNa "yUnAnI bhI sAre dezako eka hI mAnate the aura sikandara mahAnakI abhilASA bhI samagra dezapara apanA sikA jamAnekI thii| bhAratIya : -mae 60 pR0.30 12-pUrva pR0 35 /

Page #20
saMkSipta jaina itihaas| rAjA-mahArAjA bhI sAre dezapara apanA mAdhipatya phailAnA mAvazyaka samajhate the| sArAzataH prAcInakAlase hI bhaugolika dRSTise sArA deza eka hI samajhA jAtA rahA hai| aba bhI yaha bAta jyoMkI tyoM hai| bhArata eka deza hai aura usakI maulika ekatAkA bhAva yahA~ka nivAsiyoMmeM sadA rahA hai| kintu isa maulika ekatAke hote huye bhI, jisa prakAra vartamAnameM bhArata bhaneka prAntoMmeM vibhakta hai, usI prakAra bhagavAna mahAvIrajIka samayameM bhI baMTA huA thaa| isa samaya aura usa samayake bhAratakI rAjanaitika paristhitimeM bar3A bhArI aMtara yaha thA ki bhAja samUcA bhArata eka sAmrAjyake antargata zAsita hai, kintu usa samaya yaha deza minnara rAjAbhoMke mAdhIna athavA prajAtaMtra saMghoMkI chatrachAyA thaa| hAM, azoka mauryake samaya avazya hI prAyaH sArA bhArata usake AdhIna hogayA thaa| ma. gautamabuddhake janmake pahilese bhArata solaha rAjyoM meM tatkAlIna mukhya vibhakta thA kintu jainazAstra batalAte haiM ki raajy| ina solaha rAjyoke mastitvameM Aneke narA hI pahile sArvabhauma cakravartI samrAT brahmadattake samayameM bhArata sAmrAjya eka thA aura usakI rAjya vyavasthA samrATa brahmadattake AdhIna thii| samrAT brahmadattakA ghora patana usake atyAcAroM ke kAraNa humA aura usakI mRtyu ke sAtha hI bhArata sAmrAjya titara-vitara hokara ninalikhita solaha rAjyoMmeM baMTagayA:-- (1) aGga-rAjadhAnI campA; (2) magadha-rAjadhAnI rAnagRha; (3) kAzI-11. pA0 banArasa (8) kauzala (mAdhunika nepAla)rA. zrAvastI (5) vajiyana-rA. vaizAlI () maDa-rA0 pAvA

Page #21
18] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / humA thA; kintu usakA anta parasparameM sandhi hokara hogayA thaa|' kahate haiM ki isI sandhike uparAnta zreNikA vivAha kumArI celanauke sAtha huA thaa| samrATa zreNika vimbasArane apane bar3hate hue rAjyavanako dekhakara hI zAyada eka naI rAnapAnI-navIna rAnagRhakI nIMva DAlI thii| unane apane par3osake do mahAzaktizAlI rAjyoMkauzala aura vaizAlIse sambandha sthApita karake apanI rAjanIti kuzalatAkA paricaya diyA thA-ina sambandhoM se unakI zakti aura pratiSThA adhika bar3ha gaI thii| ____ Adhunika vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki samrATa vimbasArane san I0, se pUrva 582 se 154 varSa taka kula 28 varSa rAjya kiyA thaa| kintu bauddha granthoMmeM unheM pandraha varSakI avasthA siMhAsanArUr3ha hokara 12 varSa taka rAjya karate likhA hai| (dIpavaMza 3-16-10) vaha ma0 buddhase pAMca varSa choTe the / * phArasa (Persis) kA vAdazAha dArA (Dalias) inhIMkA samakAlIna thA aura usane siMdhunadIvartI pradezako apane rAjyameM milA liyA thaa| kintu dArAke uparAMta cauthI zatAbdi I0 50ke bhArambhameM nara phArasakA sAmrAjya durvala hogayA, tara yaha saba punaH svAdhIna hogaye the| itanepara bhI isa vijayakA prabhAva bhAratapara sthAyI rahA / yahA eka naI lipi -kAramAkila chevaca, 1618, pR0 7 // 2-ahiDa0, pR. 33 / 3- adha0, pu0 // 4-oNhii0, pR. 45 // * mi. kAzIprasAda jAyasvAlane zreNikakA rAjya kAla 51 varSa 16.1-552 I. pUrva) likhA hai| kauzAyoke parantapa zatAsika va zrAvastIke prasenajItasamakAlIna rAjA the| jIva moso bhA0 1.14 //

Page #22
zizunAga vNsh| [19 jise kharoSThI lipi kahate haiM, pracalita hogaI aura yahAM ke zilpa para bhI phArasakI kalAkA prabhAva par3A thaa| samrAT zreNikake rAjya vasaMbane jainoM kA kahanA hai ki unake rAjya karate samaya na to rAjyameM kisI prakArakI manIti thI aura na kisI prakArakA bhaya hI thA, kintu pranA acchI taraha sukhAnubhava karatI thii| jainadharmake itihAsameM zreNika bimbamArako pramukhasthAna prApta hai| ra bhagavAna mahAvIrake samozaraNa (samAgRha) meM vaha jainathe aura unakA mukhya zrotA the| jainoMkI mAnyatA hai ki yadi dhArmika jIvana / zreNika mahArAja bhagavAna mahAvIrajIse sATha hanAra prazna nahIM karate, to Aja jainadharmakA nAma bhI sunAI nahIM par3atA! kiMtu abhAgyavaza ina itane praznoMmeMse Aja hameM ati malpa saMkhyaka praznoM kA uttara milatA hai / prAyaH jitane bhI purANa prantha milate haiM, vaha saba bhagavAna mahAvIrake samozaraNameM zreNika mahArAja dvArA kiye gaye prazna uttarameM pratipAdita huye milate haiN| jainAcAryoMkI isa paripATIse mahArAja zreNikakI janadharmameM jo pradhAnatA hai, vaha spaSTa honAtI hai / zreNika mahArAnako bauddha apane dharmakA anuyAyI batalAte haiM; kiMtu bauddhokA yaha dAvA unake prAra"mbhika jIvanake sambandhameM ThIka hai| avazeSa jIvanameM vaha pakke jainadharmAnuyAyI the| yahI kAraNa hai ki bauddha graMthoM meM unake aMtima jIvanake viSayameM ghRNita aura kaTu varNana milatA hai, jaise ki hama magAr3I dekheNge| jaba zreNika mahArAnako jainadharmameM dRr3ha zradAna hogayA thA, -bhAi0 pR. 54 / 2-bha0 ma0, pR. 138-16 | -

Page #23
26] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| jaina rAjA thaa| usake rAjyameM jainadharmakA khUba vistAra huA thaa|'x kuNikakI eka mUrti bhI milI hai aura vidvAnoM kA anumAna hai ki usakI eka bAMha TUTI thii| yahI kAraNa hai ki vaha 'kuNika kahalAtA thA (javioso0 bhA0 1 pRSTha 84 ) kuNikake rAjyakAlame sabase mukhya ghaTanA bhagavAna mahAvIrajIka nirvANa lAmakI ghaTita huI thii| isI samaya arthAt 145 I0 pUrvameM avantIma pAlaka nAmaka rAjA sihAsanapara AsIna humA thA / ma0 buddhakA svargavAsa bhI lagabhaga isI samaya humA thaa| (javimoso0 bhAga 15STha 115) kuNika ajAtazatruke pazcAta magaSake rAjya siMhAsanapara usakA varzaka aura putra darzaka athavA lokapAla adhikArI huA thaa| udyn| kintu isake viSayameM bahuta kama paricaya milatA hai| 'svapnavAsUdattA' nAmaka nATakase yaha vatsarAja udayana aura ujjainIpati pradyotanake samakAlIna pragaTa hote haiM / pradyotanne inakI kanyAkA pANigrahaNa apane putrase karanA cAhA thaa'| darzakake bAda I0 pU0 san 603meM ajAtazatrukA potA udaya mathavA udayan magaSakA rAjA humA thaa| usake viSayameM kahA jAtA hai ki usane pATaliputra mathavA kusumapura nAmaka nagara basAyA thaa| isa nagarameM usane eka suMdara jainamaMdira bhI banavAyA thA, kyoMki udayana bhI apane pitAmahakI bhAMti bhainadharmAnuyAyI thaa| kahate haiM ki jainadharmaka 14-kaihida0 pR. 161 ajAtazatrune apane zIlavata nAmaka bhAIko bhI bauddhadharmavimukha banAneke prayatna kiye the / ( sAmsa. 269) 2- ahiha, pR.37 / 3-mahiha pR0 1814-hili jai0 pR.43||

Page #24
34] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa . kAraNa hI usakA nAmakaraNa 'vizAlA' humA thaa| cInI yAtrI hyantamAMga vaizAlIko 20 mIlakI lambAI-caur3AImeM basA batA gayA thA / upane usake tIna koToM aura bhAgoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| vaha sAre vRji dezako 5000 lI (karIba 1600 mIla) kI paridhi phailA batalAtA hai aura kahatA hai ki yaha deza bar3A sarasana thaa| mAma, kele Adi medoMke vRkSoMse bharapUra thaa| manuSya ImAnadAra, zubha kAryoMke premI, vidyAke pArikhI aura vizvAsameM kamI kaTTara aura kabhI udAra the| vartamAnake mujaphpharapura jilekA basAda grAma hI prAcIna vaizAlI hai| uparAnta ke nainagrathoMmeM vizAlA athavA vaizAlIko siMdhu dezama THE banapANDa jisase bhagavAnakA vaizAlI ke nAgarika honA prakaTa hai| abhayadevane bhagavatIsUtrako TIkAma 'vizAlA' ko mahAvIra jananI likhA hai| digambara mampradApake anyoMmeM yadyapi aisA koI prakTa ullekha nahIM hai, jisase bhaga vAnakA sambandha vaizAlIse praSTa hosake, paraMtu unameM jina sthAnoda jasa kuNDagrAma, kunnAma, vanapaNDa Adike nAma Ae haiM. ve mava vaizAlIke nikaTa hI milane hai| vanapaNDa zvetAmbaroMkA 'ipalAza ujjAna apA 'nAyapaNDapana najAna' yA nAyapaNDa' hai| kunnAmase bhAva apane kucha prAmake hosakte hai athavA kolAgake hoMge, jisameM nAyavaMzI kSatrI bhASika the aura jisake pAsa hI vanapada udyAna thA, jahA bhagavAna mahAvIrana dIkSA grahaNa kI yo| bhata. digambara sampradAyake uhakhoMse bhagavAna janmasthAna kulhayAma vaizAlI nikaTa pramANita hotA hai aura cUMki rAjA siddhArtha ( bhagavAna mahAvIrake pitA) zAlIke gajadhameM zAmita the, jase ki hama pragaTa koge, taba vaizAlIko unakA janmasthAna kAnA atyukti nahIM rkhtaa| kuNThaprAmavazAlIkA eka bhAga adhavA sagniveza hI thaa| 1-kStrI 80 0 42 va 54.

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saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | rAjA ceTakakA yaha pAravArika paricaya bar3e mahatvakA hai / uparAnta meM licchivi isase pragaTa hotA hai ki usasamaya prAyaH vaMza | mukhya rAjyoM se unakA samparka vizeSa thA / jainadharmakA vistAra bhI usa samaya khUba horahA thA / licchivi prajAtaMtra rAjya bhI unakI pramukhatAmeM khUba unnati kara rahA thA | kintu unakI yaha unnati magadha nareza ajAtazatruko asahya huI thI aura usane inapara AkramaNa kiyA thA, yaha likhA jAcukA hai / kinhIM vidvAnokA kahanA hai ki abhayakumAra, jisakA sambandha licchiviyoMse thA, usase Darakara ajAtazatrune vaizAlIse yuddha cher3a diyA thA; kiMtu jaina zAstroMke anusAra yaha saMbhava nahIM hai; kyoMki abhayakumAra ke munidIkSA le leneke pazcAt ajAtazatruko magadhakA rAjasiMhAsana milA thA / ataH abhayakumArase use Daraneke liye koI kAraNa zeSa nahIM thA / 42 yaha saMbhava hai ki ajAtazatruke bauddhadharma kI ora AkarSita hokara apane pitA zreNika mahArAjako kaSTa deneke kAraNa, licchiciyoMne kucha ruSTatA dhAraNa kI ho aura usIse caukannA hokara ajAtazatrune unako apane AdhIna kara lenA ucita samajhA ho / kucha bhI ho, isa yuddha ke sAtha hI licchiviyoMkI svAdhInatA nAtI rahI thI aura ve magaSa sAmrAjyake AdhIna rahe the| samrAT candragupta maurya ke samaya meM bhI vaha prajAtaMtrAtmaka rUpameM rAjya kara rahe the jisakA anukaraNa karanekI salAha kauTilyane dI thI / kintu jo svataMtratA unako candraguptake rAjyameM prApta thI, vaha azoka ke samaya 1- kSatrI lensa0, pR0 131

Page #26
- licchivi Adi gaNarAjya / [43 nahIM rahI aura unane azokakI AdhInatA svIkAra kara lI thii| guptakAla taka inake astitvakA patA calatA hai| vajiyana prajAtaMtrake uparAnta dUsarA sthAna zAkyavaMzI kSatrizAkya aura mala kSatriyoMke prajAtaMtrako prApta thaa| unakI rAjadhAnI yoMke gaNarAjya / kapilavastu thI, jo vartamAnake gorakhapura jilemeM sthita hai / nUpa zuddhodana usa samaya isa rAjya ke pramukha the| ma gautamabuddhakA janma inhIke gRhameM huA thaa| zAkyoMkI bhI sattA usa samaya macchI thI; kintu uparAnta kuNika majAtazatruke samayamai viTThadAma dvArA unakA sarva nAza humA thaa| zAkyoke bAda malla gaNarAjya prasiddha thA, jisameM mallavaMzI kSatriyoM kI pradhAnatA thii| bauddha granthoMse yaha rAjya do bhAgoMmeM vibhakta pragaTa hotA hai| kusInArA jisa bhAgakI rAjadhAnI thI, usase ma0 buddha saMbaMdha vizeSa rahA thaa| dUsare bhAgakI rAjadhAnI pAvA thii| usasamaya rAjA hastipAka isa rAjyake pramukha the / 'bhagavAna mahAvIra nisa samaya yahAM pahuMce the, taba isa rAjAne unakI khUba vinaya aura bhakti kI thii| bhagavAnane nirvANa-lAma bhI yahIse kiyA thaa| usa samaya anya rAjAoMke sAtha yahA~ke nau rAjAoMne dIpotsava manAyA thaa| janadharmakI mAnyatA ina logoM meM vizeSa rahI thii| zAkya prajAtaMtra bhI jainadharmake saMsargase achUtA nahIM bacA thaa| aisA mAlama hotA hai ki rAjA zuddhodanakI zraddhA prAcIna jainadharmameM thii|' licchiviyoM kI taraha malloMko bhI majAtazatrune apane bhAdhIna kara kiyA thaa| 1-pUrva, pR0 136 / 2-ahi i0 pR0 37-38 / 3-kSatrIlensa, pR. 163 va 175 / 4-bhamabu0 pR. 37 / .

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14] saMkSipta jena itihaas| videha dezavAsI kSatriyoMkA gaNarAjya bhI usa samaya rachekhanIya thaa| yaha licchiviyoMke sAtha vRni pramAtaMtra-rAjyasaMghameM sammilita the, yaha likhA nAcukA hai / digambara jainazAstroM meM bhagavAna mahAvIrakI janmanagarIko videha dezameM sthita batalAyA hai|' aura zvetAmbarI zAstra mahAvIranIko videhanA nivAsI athavA videhake rAjakumAra likhate haiN| ina ullekhoMse bhI videha gaNarAjyakA vRni-rAna-saMghameM sammilita honA siddha hai| yadi videhakA samparka isa rAjasaMghase na hotA to baMgAlIke nikaTa sthita kuNDagrAmako videha dezameM na likhA jaataa| astu, videhameM jainadharmakI gati vizeSa thii| bhagavAna mahAvIrane tIsa varSa isI dezama mitAye the| videhakI rAjadhAnI mithilA pezAlIse uttara pazcimakI bhora 35 mIla thI aura vaha vyApArake liye bahu prakhyAta thii| inake atirika rAyagAmA kolpigaNarAjya, sunsamAra parvatakA bhagA rAjasaMgha, mallakappakA buli prajAtaMtra rAjya, pippalivanakA morIyagaNarAjya Adi anya kaI choTe moTe prajAtaMtrAtmaka rAjya the; jinakA kacha vizeSa-hAla mAlama nahIM hotA hai| ' 10 pu0, 40 605 / 2-J. I, 256. 3-kSatrI kainsa, . pR0

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jJAtrika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mhaaviir| [45 jJAnika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mhaakaar| I0 pUrva0 620 I0 pUrva 545 // licchiviyoM ke sAtha pani pradezake prajAtaMtrAtmaka rAjasaMghameM . jAtrika vayo kSatrI bhI sammilita the / ina mAtrika ksstrii| 'kSatriyoko 'nAya' athavA 'nAtha' vaMzI bhI kahate haiN| digambara jaina zAstroM meM inakA 'harivazI' rUpameM bhI ullekha huA hai| manune malla, bhalla, licchivi, karaNa, khasa va drAvir3a kSatriyoMke mAtha nATa athavA nAta (jAtrika) kSatriyoko vrAtya likhA hai| (manu0 10 1022) yaha isI kAraNa hai ki ina logoMmeM : anadharmakI pradhAnatA thii| vrAtya athavA pratin nAmase bhainiyoM kA ullekha pahale huA milatA hai| (ma0 pA0 prastAvanA, pR0 32) bhAra.' take dhArmika itihAsamai nAtha athavA jJAtrika kSatriyoM kA nAma bhamara hai| inakA mahatva ima se prakTa hai ki yahI vaha mahatvazAlI jAti hai jisane bhAratako eka baDe bhArI sudhAraka aura mahApuruSako samarpita kiyA thaa| mahApuruSa jainiyoke atima tIrthakara bhagavAna mahAvIra the| mAdhunika sAhityAnvepaNase pragaTa huA hai ki jJAtrika kSatri-' chAtrika kSatriyoMkA yohA nivAsasthAna mukhyataH vaizAlI (basAda), nivaassthaan| kuNDagrAma aura vaNiya grAmameM thaa| kuNDagrAmase uttara-pUrvIya dizAmeM sanniveza kolAga thaa| kahate haiM ki yahAM jJAtrika athavA nAthavaMzI kSatrI sabase adhika saMkhyA meM rahate . the| vaizAlI ke bAhira pApta hI meM kuNDagrAma sthita thA; jo saMbha 1-sakSadAe 30, pR0 115-116 / 2-vRjaiza0, pR0 7 3-30 60, 2-2 phuTanoTa / 4-uda0 24 phuraH / - -

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50 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | I thA, isaliye bar3A vaibhavazAlI the / jainazAstroM meM isakI zobhAkA apUrva varNana milatA hai / phira jisa samaya bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janma hone ko huA thA, uma samaya to, vaha kahate haiM, ki svayaM kuberane Akara ima nagarakA aimA divyarUpa banA diyA thA ki use dekhakara malakApurI bhI lajjita hotI thI / bhagavAna ke janma paryaMta vahAM svarmA aura ratnoM kI varSA huI batalAI gaI hai / rAjA siddhArthakA rAjamahala sAta majilakA thA aura use 'sunaMdAvatta' prAsAda kahate the / svargalokake puSpottara vimAnase cayakara vahAM devakA jIva bhagavAna mahAvIra- ASAr3ha zuklA paSThI ke uttarAphAlguNI nakSatra meM kA janma aura rAnI trizakAke garbha meM AyA thA / usa samaya vAlpajIvana / unako 16 zubha svapna dRSTi par3e the* aura devane pAkara mAnanda utsava manAyA thaa| jaina zAstroke anumAra pratyeka tIrthaMkarake garma, janma, tapa, jJAna aura mokSa avamarapara deva * gaNa Akara Anandotsava manAte haiM / yaha utsava bhagavAna ke 'paca 5 ' kalyANaka' utsava kahalAte hai | yogya samayapara caitra zuddha trayodazIko, jaba candramA uttarAphalguNI para thA, rAnI trizalAdevIne jinendra bhagavAna mahAvIrakA prasava kiyA thA / usa samaya samasta loka meM kAlake liye eka Ananda lahara daur3a gaI thI / bhagavAnakA lAlana-pAlana bar3e lAr3a-pyAra aura hoziyArIse hotA thA / gaizavAlase hI ve baDe parAkramI the / 1- hi0 pR0 107 / 2- u0 pu0 pR0 605 / pR0 604 * vetAmbara meM 14 svapna banAe haiM / 4-u0 pu0 pR0 605 vaJs L206. 3- u0 pu0

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jJAtrika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mahAvIra | [ 51 eka daphe unane eka matta hAthIko dekhate hI dekhane vaza kara liyA thA aura dUsarI bAra jaba ve rAjyodyAna meM bAla sahacaroM sameta khela rahe the, taba unane eka vikarAla sarpako vAtakI bAta meM kola diyA thA / vaha mahApuruSa the / unhoMne apane pUrvabhavoMmeM itanA viziSTa puNya saMcaya kara liyA thA ki unake janmase hI aneka asAdhAraNa lakSaNa aura guNa vidyamAna the / ve janma se hI mati, zruti aura avadhijJAna se vibhUSita the / isaliye unakA jJAna anAyAsa bar3A car3hA thA / rAjamahalameM ve kAvya, purApA Adi granthoka khuba paThana pAThana karate the / isa choTI umarase hI unakA svabhAva tyAgavRttiko liye huye thA / jaba vaha a'Tha varSa ke the, taba unane zrAvaka vratoMko grahaNa kara liyA thA / ahiMsA, satya, gIla, acaurya aura parigraha pramANa niyamoMkA vaha samucita pAlana karate ye| maMjayavijaya nAmaka cAraNa muni unake darzana pAkara sanmatiko prApta huye the |x 5-bhama0 pR0 69-82 / zvatAvaroMke arvAcIna yo likhA hai ki 'ainDa' nAmakA eka vyAkaraNa graMtha vanAcA thA, kintu yaha ThIka pratIta nahIM hotA / ( jaina hi0 bhA0 14 pR0 345) / x ma0 buddhake samakAlIna mataprarvatakoM meM eka sRjaya athavA ajayareal putra nAmaka mI thA / bauddha kahate hai ki inake ziSpa maulayana aura sArIputra the; jo bauddha hogaye the / jaina zAstroM meM mauhalAyanako pahale jaina muni likhA hai | ataH saMjaya vairatyoputra kA bhI jaina honA susaMgata hai| hama samajhate haiM, saMjaya cAraNa muni aura yaha eka hI vyakti the 1 vizeSake liye dekho 'bhagavAna mahAvIra aura ma0 buddha' pR0 22-23 |

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58] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| 'devaduNya vastra' se kyA bhAva hai, yaha zvetAmbara zAstromeM nahIM batalAyA gayA hai| vaha kahate hai ki devadRSya vastra pahine huye bhI bhagavAna nagna dikhate the / isakA sApha artha yahI hai ki ve nagna the / eka niSpakSa vyakti unake kathanase isake atirikta aura koI matalaba nikAla hI nahIM sakA hai| / phalataH zvetAmbarIya zAstroM meM bhI bhagavAnakA nagna digambara muni honA pragaTa hai| acelaka athavA nagna dazAko unake 'AcArAMga sUtra meM sarvotkRSTa avasthA vatalAI / acelAse bhAva yathAnAta nagna svarUpo matirika yahAMpara aura kucha nahIM hosakte yaha bAta bauddha zAstroMke kathanase spaSTa hai| bauddha zAstroM meM naina muniyoM athavA nigrantha amaNoMko sarvatra nagna sAdhu likhA hai aura yaha sAdhu kevala bhagavAna mahAvIrake tIrthake hI nahIM hai, pratyuta unase pahale bhagavAna pArzvanAthanIke tIrthake bhI hai| ataeva bhagavAna pArzvanAtha evaM anya tIrthakaroMkA pUrNa nagna dazAko sAdhu avasthAmeM dhAraNa karanA pramANita hai| zvetAmbarIya AcArAMga sutrameM bhI zAyada isI apekSA likhA hai ki 'tIrthakarone bhI isa nagna vezako dhAraNa kiyA thaa| isase pratyakSa pragaTa hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIrajIke atirikta avazeSa tIrthaGkaroMne 1-kasU. sTIvendhana, pR0 85 phuTanoTa / 2-Js, Ph. I. pp 55-56. 3-dIni0 pATikamukta, vIra varSa 40 353 / 4-mamabu0 pR. 60-61 aura 249-255, jaise divyAvadAna pR0 185, jAtakamAlA (S. B. B. Vol. L) pR0 145, mahAvagNa 8,15, 3,1, 38, 16, DAyolaoNgsa oNpha dI buddha bhA0 3 pR0 14 ityAdi / 5-mamabu0 pR0 236-240 / 6-J.S.L pp. 57-58.

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66] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / saMsArameM bhramaNa karate huye samAna rItise duHkhakA anta karate haiN|' (saMghAvitvA saMsaritvA duHkhassAntam karismanti), pAtaMjaline bhI mapane pANanisUtrake bhASyameM gozAlake sambadhameM kucha aisA hI siddhAMta nirdiSTa kiyA hai| usane likhA hai ki vaha 'maskari kevala vAMsako' chaDI hAthameM lene ke kAraNa nahIM kahalAtA thA; pratyuta imaliye ki vaha kahatA thA-"marma mata karo, karma mata karo, kevala zAti hI vAchanIya hai|" (mA chata karmANi, mA runa dharmAHNe ityaadi)| mataeva digambara jainAcAryane makkhaligozAlako mo ajJAna matamA pracAraka likhA hai, vaha Thoka pratIta hotA hai| aura anya zrotoMse yaha bhI pragaTa hai ki vaha vidhikI rekhako mamiTa mAnatA thaa| kahatA thA ki jo bAta honI hai, vaha avazya hogI; aura umameM pApa-puNya kucha nahIM hai / isa avasthAmeM usake nikaTa IzvarakA mastitva na honA svAbhAvika hai| isa prakAra di. zAstroM uparokta kathana ThIka nacatA hai / aura yaha mAnanA paDatA hai ki makkhali gozAla bhagavAna pArzvanAthanI ke tIrthakA eka muni thA aura bahuzrunI hote huye bhI nA use zrI vIra bhagavAnake samavazaraNameM pramukha sthAna na milA, to vaha unase ruSTa hokara svataMtra rItise majJAnamatakA pracAra karane lgaa| ntui devasenAcAryanIne makkhali gozAlakA nAmollekha 'maskamakkhali gozAla aura ripuraNa' rUpameM kiyA hai| saMbhava hai, isase pUraNa kastapa / pUraNa uptakA bhAva gozAlase na samajhA jAya aura jaina muni thaa| uparokta kathanako asaMgata mAnA mAya; kiMtu 1-dIni maa02053-54||2-aajii.pR. 12||3-bhaavsNprhgaa. 176 //

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-- AUNAULOAVA 74 saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / prApta karane ke samayase do varSa pahile gozAlane svadharma pracAra prArambha kiyA, batalAte haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra ujjainIse vihAra karake kauzAcI pahuce the| mahAvIrako kevala- yahAMpara unakA AhAra dalita avasthAmeM hI zAnakI praapti| rahatI huI rAjakumArI candanAke yahAM humA thA, jisase bhagavAnakA patitoddhAraka svarUpa spaSTa hokara mana moha letA hai| kauzAMbIse bhagavAna puna ekAMtavAsameM nizcala dhyAnArUr3ha rahe the| unhoMne eka Taka bAraha varSa taka duDara tapazcaraNa karanekA kaThina parantu dRr3hatama Atmabala pragaTa karanevAlA niyama grahaNa kiyA thaa| isa bAraha varSake tapazcaraNake uparAMta unako pUrNajJAnakI prApti huI thii| digambara aura zvetAMbara donoM hI saMpradAyoMke zAstra jIvanakI isa mukhya ghaTanAke samaya mahAvIranIkI avasthA vyAlIsa varSakI batalAte haiN| zvetAMbara zAstra kahate haiM ki uparoka bAraha varSakI ghora tapasyAkA abhyAsa unane kAr3ha dezake do bhAgoM-vanamRmi aura munmabhUmike madhya nAkara kiyA thA aura unako vahIM kevalajJAnakI prApti huI thii| mahAvIrakI mahAn vijayake hI kAraNa lAdakA ukta pradeza 'vinayabhUmi' ke nAmase prakhyAta huA thaa| bhagavAnane 'vijaya muhUrta meM hI sarvajJapada pAyA thaa| usa samaya yaha lAr3ha deza bar3A duzvara thA aura bhagavAnako yahaoNpara bar3I gahana kaThinAiyoM kA sAmanA karanA par3A thaa| kintu 1-Appendiss. 2-hari0 pR0 575 4 Js. I. p 269. 3-Js. I, P, 263. 4-ihikkA0 mA0 4 pR. 44 / 5-kehiha. pR. 158 //

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jJAtrika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mhaaviir| [76 ve una sabapara vijayI huye the aura unhoMne sarvajJa hokara 'vijayadharma' pratipoSita karane kA ucca ninAda kiyA thaa| kevalajJAna prAptikI mahatvapUrNa ghaTanAke viSayameM sahA gayA hai ki eka 'suvrata' nAmaka dinako ajukUlA mathavA RjupAlikA nadIke vAmataTapara jambhaka nAmaka grAmake nikaTa pahuMca kara, aparAhaka samajha acchI tarahase SaSThopavAmako dhAraNa karake sAlavRkSake nIce eka caTTAnapara Asana jamAkara mahAvIrajIne vaizASa zuklA dazamIke tithimeM sarvajJapadako prApta kiyA thaa| isa samaya uttarAphAlgunI nakSatra aura vijayamuhUrta thii| jisa sthAnapara bhagavAnane kevalajJAnakI vibhUti pAI thI, vaha sthAna sAmAga nAmaka ruSakake khetameM thA aura eka prAcIna maMdirase uttara pUrvakI ora thaa| vahAM mahAvIrajI sarvajJa huye aura parama vaMdanIya paramAtmA hogaye the| vaha zuddha buddha catanya svarUpa sazarIra Izvara athavA pUjya ahaMta yA tIrthakara huye the| samasta lokameM AnaMdachAgayA aura devoMne bhAkara usa samaya AnaMdotsava manAyA thaa| Aja spaSTarUpameM yaha vidita nahIM hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIrakA bhagavAna mahAvIrako kevalajJAna sthAna kahAMpara hai? bhagavAna ke kevljnyaan-sthaan| janma va nirvANasthAnoMke samAna jaina samAnameM kisI bhI aise sthAnakI mAnyatA nahIM hai ki vaha kevalajJAna prAptikA pavitra sthAna kahA jAsake / jayapura riyAsatake cAMdanagAMvameM eka nadIke nikaTase bhagavAna mahAvIranIkI eka bahumAcIna mUrvi bhUgarbhase upalabdha huI thii| vaha mUrti vahIMpara eka vizAla maMdira 1-upu0 pR. 64 va Js. I, 201, 2-AcArAr Js. I, pp. 20/57. - -

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7] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / danavAra virAjamAna karadI gaI thI aura yahI niTa meM bhagavAna caraNacida bhI hai|'pprkaar nAhiga mAma panAye huye pherasnAna sthAnake varNanana ma mAnI bhArata kI kamI baiThatI hai aura usame yaha bhrama hogA ki yahI bhAna bhagavAna mahAvIranIke vinamAna prApta snehA divAna snui mena namAjameM yaha sthAna aiyana eka atizaya nIrtharUpameM 'mahAvIramI ke nAmase mAnya hai / tisapara pAsomeM vAyA damA pheva zAna mAna kausAmbIse agADI kI TonA ucita hai. gochi ucapanIme kausAmdhIko jAte huye uparokta matirAyakSetra pIche mAnada nAnA hai / aura zvetAvara zAstra jagaha Aga sAdiko bATa dezameM sthita batalAte haiN| ___ mata yaha kevala jJAna sthAna magadhadegameM kI honA yuktisaMgata hai / kinhIM digambara mana zAstroM meM ume magaradezameM batalAyA bhI hai| lAdezakA vinayabhUmi prAnta mAnAke bihAra or3IsA prAtastha choTA nAgapura DivIjana ke mAnamRma aura siMhabhUma miloM itanA mAnA gayA hai / sva0 naMdulAla De mahAzayane sammedazikhara parvatase 25-30 mIlakI durIpara sthita mariyAko gambhaka prAma pragaTa kiyA hai jo apanI koyalokI khAnoMke liye prasiddha hai aura barAkara nadIko RjukUlA nadI siddha kI hai| 1-cIra mA0 3 pR. 317 para hamane umase usI sthAnako kevalajJAna syAna anumAna kiyA thaa| 2-3. Ja. I, p. 968. - jaiza-pR0-1-1--dahiyA-mA0 4.10.45-46 va vIra

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jJAtrika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mahAvIra / [ 77 yaha sthAna mAnabhUma jilemeM hai aura prAcIna magadhakA rAjyAdhikAra yahAM thA | ataeva yaha bahuta saMbhava hai ki ukta sthAna hI mahAvIrajIkA kevalajJAna sthAna ho| isake liye jhiriyA ke nikaTavartI dhvazAvazeSokI jAMca par3atAla honA jarUrI hai / itanA to vidita hI hai ki ina jiloMme 'sarAka' nAmaka prAcIna jainI bahuta milate haiM aura inameM eka samaya jainoM kA rAjya bhI thI / kiMtu kAladoSa evaM anya saMpradAyoMke upadravose yahA ke jainiyo kA hrAsa itanA veDhava humA ki ve apane dharma aura sAMpradAyika saMsthAoM ke bAremeM kucha bhI yAda na rakha sake / yahI kAraNa hai ki isa prAMta meM sthita bhagavAna mahAvIrajIke kevalajJAna sthAnakA patA Aja nahIM calatA hai / DaoN0 sTIna sA0 ne paMjAna prAMtase rAvalapiMDI jilemeM koTerA nAmaka grAmake sannikTa ' mUrti ' nAmaka pahAr3Ipara eka prAcIna jIrNa jaina maMdira ke viSaya meM likhA hai ki yahA~para bhagavAna mahAvIrajIne jJAna lAbha kiyA thaa| kiMtu kauzAmbIse itanI dUrIpara aura so bhI nadIke sannikTa na hokara pahAr3Ike Upara bhagavAnakA kevalajJAna sthAna honA ThIka nahIM jaMcatA / kevalajJAna sthAna to magavadezameM hI kahIM aura bahuta karake jhiriyA ke sannikaTa hI thA / uparokta sthAna bhagavAnake samozaraNako vahA AyA huA vyakta karanevAlA atizayakSetra hogA, kyoki yaha to vidita hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra vihAra karate huye takSazilA Aye the aura mUrtiparvata usake nikaTa thA / / 1 - bavimojamA0 pR0 42-77 / 2 - kajAi0 pR0 683 / 3-haoNjai0 pR0 80 phu0 no0

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78] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| bhagavAna mahAvIrane jima apUrva tyAgavRtti aura amogha mAtmabhagavAna mahAvIra zaktikA avalaMcana kiyA thA, usIkA phala thA sarvajJa the| ajaina ki vaha eka sAmAnya manuSyase mAtmonnati prathAko sAkSA! karate2 paramAtmapada jaise paramotkRSTa avasthAko prApta huye the / vaha sarvajJa ho gaye the| jaina zAstra kahate haiM ki jJAtrika mahAvIra bhI anaMtajJAna aura anaMtadarzanake pArI the| pratyeka padArthako unane pratyakSa dekha liyA thA aura ve sarva prakArake pApamalase nirmula the | vaha mamasta vizvamai sarvocca aura mahAvidvAna the| unheM sarvotkRSTa, pramAvazAlI, darzana, jJAna aura cAritrase paripUrNa aura nirvANa siddhAnta pracArakoM meM sarvazreSTha batalAyA gayA hai| yaha mAnyatA kevala jainoMkI hI nahIM hai| brAhmaNa aura bauddha grantha bhI bhagavAna mahAvIrajIkI sarvajJatAko svIkAra karate haiN| bauki aMguttaranikAyameM likhA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIrajI sarvajJAtA aura sarvadarzI the| unakI sarvajJatA anaMta thii| vaha imAre calate, baiThate, sone, jAgate hara samaya sarvajJa the| vaha jAnate the ki kisane kisa prakArakA pApa kiyA hai aura kisane nahIM diyA hai| bauddha zAstra kahate haiM ki mahAvIra saMghake AcArya, darzana zAstrake praNetA, bahuprakhyAta, tatvavettA rUpameM prasiddha, janatA dvArA sammAnita, anubhavazIla vaya prApta sAdhu aura AyumeM adhika the| (DAyolaoNgsa 1-upu0 pR. 114 / 2-Js. II, pp. 187-270. 3-majhimanikAya 1 / 238 va 92-93, aMguttaranikAya 374, nyAyavindu 10 3, cuTavagga SBE. Xx 78, Ind, Anti. VIII. 313. pacatatra (Keilhorn, V I) ityAdi / 4-aM. ni. bhAga 1 pR. 220 / 5-mami0 bhAga 2 pR. 214-128 /

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jJAtrika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mahAvIra / [ 79 Apha dI buddha 0 66) ve cAturyAma saMvarase svarakSita, dekhI aura sunI bAtoM ko jyoM tyo pragaTa karanevAle sAdhu the (saMyukta0 bhA0 140 91 ) janatA meM unakI vizeSa mAnyatA thI / (pUrva 40 94 ) | prabhAva / sacamuca tIrthaMkara bhagavAna ke divya jIvana meM kevalajJAnaprAptikI bhagavAnakA divya eka aisI bar3I aura mukhya ghaTanA hai ki usakA mahatva lagAnA sAmAnya vyaktike liye jarA Ter3I khIra hai | dAM' jisako AtmA ke anantajJAna aura nananta zakti meM vizvAsa hai, vaha sahajameM hI isa ghaTanAkA mUlya samajha saktA haiM / kevalajJAna prApta karanA athavA sarvajJa hojAnA, manuSya jIvana meM eka anupama aura advitIya avasara hai | bhagavAna mahAvIra jaba sarvajJa hogaye, to unakI mAnyatA janasAdhAraNameM vizeSa hogaI / usa samaya ke prakhyAta rAjAoMne bhaktipUrvaka unakA svAgata kiyA / pratyeka prANI tIrthaMkara bhagavAnako pAkara paramAnandameM magna hogayA / bauddha zAstra bhI mahAvIrajIke isa vizeSa prabhAvako spaSTa svIkAra karate haiM' | mAlUma to aisA hotA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIrake kAryakSetra meM avatIrNa honese usa samayake prAya saba hI matapravartakoMka mAsana DhIle hogaye the aura bhagavAnakI prANI mAtrake liye hitakara - zikSAko pramukhasthAna mila gayA thA / usa samaya ke prakhyAta matapatra ke ma0 gautama buddha ke viSayameM ma0 gautama buddhake to spaSTa hai ki unake jIvanapara bhagavAna jIvanapara bhagavAna mahAvIrakI sarvajJa avasthAkA aisA prabala mahAvIrakA prabhAva / prabhAva par3A thA ki bhagavAna mahAvIrake dharma 1 - saMyukta nikAya bhA0 1 pR0 94 |

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M www 80] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / pracArake antarAla kAla taka unake darzana hI muzkilase hote haiN| ma0 buddhake 60 se 70 varSake madhyavartI jIvana ghaTanAoMcA ullekha nahIMke varAvara milatA hai| revarenDa vizapa viganDeTa sA. to kahate haiM ki yaha kAla prAyaH ghaTanAoke ullekhase korA hai| (An almost blank) ma0 buddha ke uparokta jIvanakAlakI ghaTanAoM ke na milanekA kAraNa sacamuca bhagavAna mahAvIrake dharmapracArakA prabhAva hai kyoki yaha anyatra pramANita kiyA jAcukA hai ki jipsasamaya bhagavAna mahAvIrajIne apanA dharmapracAra prArambha kiyA thA, usa samaya ma0 buddha apane 'madhya mArga' kA pracAra prArambha kara cuke the aura manumAnase 46 yA 18 varSakI avasthA meM the / ataH yaha bilakula sambhava hai ki mahAbIranIkA upadeza isa antarAla kAlameM itanA prabhAvazAlI avazya hogayA thA ki ma. buddhake jIvana ke 60 varSase unakI jIvana ghaTanAyeM prAya nahIM milatI hai| ___sAmagAma sutanta' meM bhagavAna mahAvIranI ke nirvANa prAptikI khabara pAkara ma0 buddhake pramukha zipya Ananda bar3e harSita huye the aura baDI utsukatAse yaha samAcAra ma0. buddhako sunAneke liye daur3e gaye the, isase bhI sApha pragaTa hai ki ma. gautamavuddhako mahAvIrajIke dharmapracArake samakSa avazya hI hAni uThAnI par3I thii| kyoMki yadi aisA na hotA to mahAvIranIke nirvANa pAlenekI ghaTanAko bauDa bar3I utkaNThA aura harSabhAvase nahIM dekhate / bhagavAna mahAvIrake samakSa ma0 buddhakA prabhAva kSINa paDenemeM eka aura kAraNa 2-bhamabu0 pR0 100-110 / 2-saoNnDarsa, gautamabuddha pu. 54 / 3-mamabu* pR0 101 / 4-DAyolaoNgsa oNpha buddha mA03 pR0 112 /

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jJAnika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mhaaviir| [81 donoM mata pravartakoMkA vibhinna mAtrAkA jJAna bhI thaa| mahAvIranI pUrNa sarvajJa aura trikAladarzI the, yaha bAta svayaM bauddha zAstra pragaTa karate haiM; jaise ki Upara vyakta kiyA gayA hai| kintu ma0 buddhako yadyapi bauddha zAstra sarvajJa batalAte haiN| parantu yaha bAta vaha spaSTa svIkAra karate haiM ki ma0 buddhakI sarvajJatA harasamaya unake nikaTa nahIM rahatI thii| vaha jaba jipta bAtako jAnanA cAhate the, usa bAtako dhyAnase jAna lete the| ata: ma0 buddhakA jJAna pUrNa sarvajJatA na hokara eka prakArakA avavijJAna pragaTa hotA hai| jJAnake ima tAramamyako samajhakara hI zAyada ma buddhane kabhI bhI jaina tIrthakarase milane kA prayApta nahIM gautama buddhakA jJAna kiyA thA aura na unane mahAvIrajIkI vaisI tIvra AlocanA kI hai, jaise ki unhoMne usa samayake anya matapravartakoMkI kI thii| kintu isa kathanase yahAM hamArA bhAva ma0 buddha ke gauravapUrNa vyaktitvakI avajJA karanekA nahIM hai| hamArA uddezya mAtra bhagavAna mahAvIrake divya prabhAvako pragaTa karanekA hai; jitA viziSTa rUpa svayaM bauddha zAstra pragaTa karate haiM / bauDoke kathanase yaha bhI pragaTa hotA hai ki usa samayake videzI logo-yavano (Inde-Greeks) meM bhI bhagavAna mahAvIranIkI mAnyatA vizeSa hogaI thI / sarvajJa pramukA mahatva kisako achUtA chor3a sakatA hai ? bhagavAna ke kevalI hote hI janatA unake anupama mahAna vyakitvapara ekadama mohita hogaI pragaTa hotI hai| isa divya ghaTanAke 1-milindapanha (SBE.) mA0 35 pR0 154 / 2-mamavu0 pR. 72-75 / 3-higlI0 pR0 78 / -

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saMkSipta jaina itihaas| upalakSameM hI una sthAnoMke nAma bhagavAna mahAvIrajIkI apekSA ullikhita huye jinakA sampaI mahAvIrajIse thaa| kahate hai mAnabhUmi jilA, mAnyamUmi rUpameM bhagavAnake aparanAma "mAnya zramaNa" kI apekSA kahalAyA thaa| siMghabhUma nilAkA zuddha nAma 'siMhabhUmi' batAyA gayA hai aura kahA gayA hai ki vIra prabhukI sihavRtti thI aura unakA cinha 'siha' thA; isaliye yaha jilA unhIM kI apekSA ima nAmase prakhyAta huA thaa| inake atirikta vinayabhUmi, varddhamAna (vardavAna), vIrabhUmi Adi sthAna bhI bhagavAna mahAvIranIke pavitra nAma aura unake sambandhako pragaTa karanevAle hai / sacamuca baMgAla va vihArameM upasamaya jainadharmakI gati vizeSa thI aura janatA bhagavAna mahAvIrako pAkara phUDe aMga nahIM samAI thii| ma. gautama buddha bauddhadharmake praNetA the aura vaha bhagavAna ma. vuddha eka samaya mahAvIrake samakAlIna the| jaina zAstroM meM jaina muAna the| unako bhagavAna pArzvanAthajIke tIrthaka muni pihitAzravakA ziSya batalAyA hai| likhA hai ki digambara jaina munipadase bhraSTa hokara raktAmbara pahinakara buddhane kSaNikavAdakA pracAra kiyA aura mRta mAma grahaNa karaneme kucha saMkoca nahIM kiyA thaa| jaina zAstra ke isa kathanakI puSTi svayaM bauddha granthoMse hotI hai| unameM eka sthAnapara svaya gautama buddha ima vAtako svIkAra karate haiM 1-dAhA mA0 4 pR. 45 / 2-pUrva pramANa / 3-vara mA0 3 pR. 370 pa pavio jaismA pR. 10914-mamabu0pR. 48-490 dukhako bhanAtmavAda sahamA mAnya nahIM thA / unane spaSTataH AtmAke astitvase inkAra nahIM kiyA. yA / yaha unakI, jaina dazAkA prabhAva kahA jAsakatA hai|

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9.] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| prArambha kara diyA thaa| unakA upadeza hitamita pUrNa zabdoM meM samasta jagatake jIvoMke liye kalyANakArI thaa| usa Adarza rUpa upadezako sunakara kisIkA hRdaya jarA bhI makina yA dukhita nahIM hotA thaa| balki usakA prabhAva yaha hotA thA ki pracata jAti virodhI jIva bhI apane pArasparika vairabhAvako chor3a dete the| siMha aura bher3a, kuttA aura billI bar3e AnaMdase eka dumareke samIpa baiThe huye bhagavAna ke divya saMdezako grahaNa karate the| pazuoMpara bhagavAnakA aisA prabhAva par3A ho, isa vAtako cupacApa grahaNa kara lenA isa jamAne meM jarA kaThina kArya hai| kiMtu jo pazu vijJAnase paricita haiM aura pazuoMke manobala evaM zikSAoMko grahaNa karanekI sukSma zaktikI ora ninakA dhyAna gayA hai, vaha ukta prakAra bhagavAna mahAvIrake upadezakA prabhAva una para par3A mAnane meM kucha acarana nahIM kreNge| sacamuca vItarAga sarva hitaiSI athavA satya evaM premako sAkSAta jItI bhAgatI pratimA niTa vizvapremakA AzcaryakArI kiMtu apUrva vAtAvaraNa upasthita honA, kucha bhI aprAkRta dRSTi nahIM par3atA ! vizvakA utkRSTa kalyANa karaneke nimitta hI bhagavAnake tIrthakara padakA nirmANa huA thA / lekina unhoMne apanA nirmANa siddha karaneke nimitta kabhI kisI prakArakA anucita prabhAva DAlanekI koziza nahIM kI aura na kabhI unhoMne kisIko bhAcAra vicAra chor3akara apane dalameM mAneke lie pralomita hI kiyaa| unakI upadeza padati zAMta, rucighara, duzmanoMka diloM meM bhI apanA asara paidA karanevAlI, marmasparzI aura sarala thii| 'sabase pahile unhoMne

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98] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| prakhyAta thA / usIke saMsargase rAjAko bhI jainadharmameM pratIta huI thii| mahadAsa seThane bhagavAna mahAvIrajIke nikaTase vrata niyama grahaNa kiye the| uttara mathurAke samAna hI dakSiNa mathurAma bhI jainadharmakA mastitva usa samaya vidyamAna thA / bhagavAna ke nirvANoparAta yahA~para guptAcArya ke AdhIna eka bar3A jainasagha honezA ullekha milatA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIrajIkA vihAra dakSiNa bhAratameM bhI huA thaa| A kAMcIpurakA rAnA vasupAla thA aura vaha sabhavataH cIra prbhuu| bhagavAna kA bhakta thaa| (mAjha0 mA0 340 181) jipta samaya bhagavAna henAgadezameM pahuMce the, usa samaya rAjA satyadharake putra jIvaghara rAjyAdhikArI the| hemAMgadeza AnalakA mahIsUra (Mysone) prAtavartI deza anumAna kiyA gayA hai, kyoMki yahIMpara sonekI khAne haiM, malaya parvatavartI vana hai aura samudra nikaTa hai| hemAMgadezake viSayameM yaha saba bAteM vizeSaNa rUpameM likhIM haiN| hemAMga dezakI rAjadhAnI rAmapura thI, jisake nikaTa 'suramalaya' nAmaka udyAna thaa| bhagavAnakA samozaraNa isI udyAna meM avatarita humA thaa| rAjA jIvaghara bhagavAna mahAvIrako apanI rAjadhAnI meM pAkara vaDA prasanna huA thaa| anta meM vaha apane putrako rAjA banAghara muni hogayA thaa| muni hokara vaha vIra saMghake sAtha rahA thaa| jaba vIrasagha vihAra karatA humA uttarApathakI ora pahuMcA thA, taba jIvadhara munirAnane agraha kecalIrUpa ganagRhake vipulAcala parvatase 1-pro0 pR. 6 / -vIra varSa 3 pR. 354 / 3-Apha0 mA0 1 pR0 93 / - -

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106] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / sanyAsa jIvana meM bhI yadi vAsanA-tRptike sAdhana juTAye rakkhe jAye aura kevalajAnakI ArAdhanAse avinAgI sukha pAlekA prayatna kiyA jAya to usameM asaphalatA milanA hI sabhava hai / tyAgI huye ghara choDA strI putrase nAtA toDA aura phira bhI nirliptabhAvakI mAr3a lekara vAsanA vaDhana sAmagroko ikaTThA kara liyA, vAsanAko tRpta karanekA sAmAna juTAliyA, to phira vAstavika satyameM vizvAsa hI kahAM rahA ? yaha nizcaya hI zithila hogayA ki bhogase nahIM, yogase pUrNa aura akSaya sukha milatA hai| aura yaha harakoI jAnatA hai ki kisI kAryako saphala banAne ke liye tahata vizvAsa hI mUla kAraNa hai| dRr3ha nizcaya athavA SaTala vizvAta phalakA denevAlA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIrane ina AvazyaktAoMko dekhakara hI aura unakA pratyakSa anubhava pAkara 'samyagdarzana' athavA yathArtha zraddhAko sacce sukhake mArgameM pramukha sthAna diyA thaa| kintu vaha yaha bhI jAnate the ki jisa prakAra korA karmakAMDa aura nirA jJAna icchita phala pAneke liye kAryakArI nahIM hai, usI prakAra mAtra zraddhAnase bhI kAma nahIM cala skaa| isIliye inhoMne samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakUcAritrakA yugapata honA bhakSaya aura pUrNa sukha pAne ke liye Avazyaka batalAyA thaa| samyagdarzanako pAkara manuSyoko nivRtti mArgameM dRr3ha zraddhA utpanna huI thii| vaha jAna gaye the ki yaha jagata anAdi nidhana hai| jIva aura manIvakA lIlA-kSetra hai| yaha donoM dravya akratrima manaMta aura avinAzI haiN| anIvane jIvako apane prabhAvameM davA rakhA hai| nIva zarIra bandhanameM par3A hubhA hai| vaha icchAoM aura

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114] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / aura siddhAMta the, jaise ki anya tIrthaMkaroM ke dharmomeM the aura jainoMkI isa mAnyatAno mana kaI vidvAn satya svIjJAra kara cuke haiN| kinhI vidvAnoM kA yaha mata hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIrajI jaina zrI mahAvIra najainadharmake dhamaka sasthApaka hai Apa unhAna hA saMsthApaka the aura na jaina jainadharmakA nIvAropaNa vaidika dharmake dharma hindU dharmako virodhameM kiyA thA, kiMtu unakA yaha mata zAkhA hai| nirmala hai| mAnase karIba do hajAra varSa pahalele loga bhI bhagavAna RSabhanAthanIkI vinaya karate the| aura una logoMne anya teIna tIrthakaroko mUrtiyAM nirmita kI thii| aba yadi jainadharmare myApaka bhagavAna mahAvIranI mAne jAveM, to koI kAraNa nahIM dikhatA ki itane prAcIna jamAnemeM loga bhagavAna RSabhanAthako jainadharmA pramukha samajhane aura unakI evaM unake bAda huye tIrthakarokI mUrtiyAM banAte aura upAsanA karate / visapara svayaM vaidika eva bauddhagranthoM meM isa yugameM jainadharma ke prathama pracAraka zrI RSabhadeva hI batAye gaye haiN| ___ athaca jainoMke sukSma siddhAnta, jaise pRthvI, jala, agni mAdimeM jIva batalAnA, maNu aura paramANu mokA ati prAcIna para maulika evaM pUrNa varNana karanA, Adarza pUnA Adi aise niyama haiM jo jainadharmakA mastitva eka bahuta hI prAcInakAla takameM middha kara 1-pA0 pR0 385-388 / -DaoN0 glainenAtha (Dev Jarnusmus). aura DaoN. jAlekonTiyara yaha svIkAra karate hai (kehiha. pR0 154ke usU0 bhUmikA pR. 21) 3-jaivibhaoso mA0 3 pR. 447 va jastU0 pR0 24...... -viojaismA0 pR0 88-10. / 5-bhAgavata 4-5 va bhapA0 bhUmikA / 6-pratazAca pora varSa 4 pR0 353 /

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122] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| vAnake saMgharma gaNa medakA patA calatA hai| vIra saMghameM kula gyAraha gaNadhara the jinameM pramukha indramUti gautama the| zvetAMbara zAstroM ke anusAra yadyapi gaNadhara gyAraha the; parantu gaNa kula nau the| yaha nau vRnda athavA gaNa isa prakAra batAye gaye hai: (1) prathama mukhya gaNadhara indramRti gautama, gautama gotrake ye aura unake gaNameM 600 zramaNa the| (2) dusare gaNadhara magnimRti bhI gautama gotrake the| inake gaNameM bhI 500 muni the| (3) tIsare gaNadhara vAyubhUti, indrabhUti aura agnimRtika mAI the aura gautama gotrake the| inake AdhIna gaNameM bhI 500 muni the| (8) Aryavyakta cauthe gaNadhara bhAradvAja gotrake the| inake gaNameM bhI 500 zramaNa the| (1) agni vaizyAyana gotrake pAMcaveM gaNadhara sudharmAcArya ye, jinake mAdhIna 100 zramaNa the| (6) maNDiputra athavA maNDitaputra vaziSTa gotrake the aura 250 zramaNoMko dharma zikSA dete the| (7) mauryaputra kAzyapa gotrI mI 250 muniyoM ke gaNadhara the| (8) makaMpita gautama gotrI aura haritAyana gotrake acala brata donoM hI sAyara tInasau zramaNoM ko dharmajJAna marpaNa karate the| (9) maitreya aura prabhAsa kauMDinya gotrake the| donoMka saMyukta gaNameM 300 muni the| -ThAmAma0 pR0 56 va kara. Js. 1265. -

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zrI vIra-saMgha aura anya raajaa| [123 'isaprakAra mahAvIrajIke gyAraha gaNadhara, nau vRnda aura 4200 vIrasaMghake mani- zramaNa mukhya the| isake sivAya aura bahutase yoMkI saMkhyA / zramaNa aura AnikAe thIM, jinakI saMkhyA kramase caudahahajAra aura chattIsahajAra thii| zrAvakoMkI saMkhyA 15000 thIM aura zrAvikAoM kI saMkhyA 318000 thii|" digambara AmnAyake graMtho meM bhagavAna ke indrabhUti, bhagnimRti vAyubhUti, zucidatta, sudharma, mAMDavya, mauryaputra, bhakapana, acala, medArya aura prabhAsa, ye gyAraha gaNadhara batAye gae haiN| ye samasta hI sAta prakArakI Rddhiyose sapanna aura dvAdazAke vettA the| gautama Adi pAMca gaNagharoMke milakara saba ziSya dazahanAra chaito pacAsa aura pratyekake dohajAra ekasau tIsa 2 the| chaThe aura sAtaveM gaNagharoMke milakara saba ziSya mAThasau pacAsa aura pratyekake cArasau paccIsa 2 the| zeSa cAra gaNagharoMmase pratyekake chaiso paccIsa 2 aura saba milakara DhAIhanAra the| saba milakara caudahahanAra the| gaNoM ke atirikta Atmonnatike lihAnase yaha gaNanA isaprakAra thI, arthAta 9900 sAdhAraNa muniH 300 aMgapUrvadhArI muniH 1300 bhavadhijJAnadhArI muni, 900 RddhivikriyA yukta zramaNa, 500 cAra jJAnake dhArI; 700 kevalajJAnI; 900 anuttaravAdI / isa taraha bhI saba milakara 14000 muni the| 0 40 1-mama0 pR0 181 / 2-hari0 pR0 2. (sarga 3 46) 3-hari0 pR. 20 /

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132 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | zAstroMse bhI prakaTa hai / kintu ina donoM muniyoMke sambandhameM kahA gayA hai ki vaha bauddha hogaye the, so ThIka nahIM hai / yaha jaina mAnyatA ke viruddha hai / sacamuca bhagavAna mahAvIrajIkA prabhAva ma0 buddha aura unake zipyopara veDhaba par3A thaa| yahAMtaka ki vaha jaina muniyoMkI dekhAdekho apanI pratiSThA ke liye nana bhI rahane lage the; ' kyoMki usa samaya nannatA ( digambara bheSa ) zrI mAnyatA vizeSa thii| vIrasaMghakA dUsarA aMga sAdhviyoM athavA AryikAoMkA thA / candanA Adi digambara jaina zAstro meM inakI saMkhyA chattIsahajAra ArthikA / basAI gaI hai / yaha viduSI mahilAyeM kevala eka sapheda sAr3Iko grahaNa kiye garmI aura jADeko ghora parISaha sahana karatI huI apanA AtmakalyANa karatIM thIM aura logoko sanmArgapara lagAtI thIM / vaha bhI muniyoMke samAna hI kaThina vrata, saMyama aura AtmasamAdhikA abhyAsa karatI thii| sAMsArika pralobhana unake liye tuccha the / unake sasargase ve alaga rahatI thIM / ina 1 mAryikAoMmeM sarvepramukha rAjA ceTakakI putrI rAjakumArI caMdanA thI; jisakA paricaya pahile likhA jAcukA hai| candanAkI mAmI yazasvatI mAryikA bhI vizeSa prakhyAt thI / caMdanAkI bahina jyeSTha ne inhIMse jina dIkSA grahaNa kI thI / ina mAryikAokA tyAgamaI jIvana pUrNa pavitratAkA Adarza thaa| ve bar3I jJAnavAna aura zAstroMkI 1 - ise je0 pR0 36 / 2-30 bhA0 9 pR0 162 / 3-mama0 pR0 120 va hari0 pR0 579 meM 24000 batAI hai / upu0 pR0 616 meM 36000 hai /

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240] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / mahAvIrajIke nanma honeke pahile dI bAlaga vargakI pradhAnatA thii| usane zepa varNo ke saba hI adhidhAra hathiyA liye the / apaneko pujavAnA aura apanA barthamApana karanA usakA mukhya dhyeya thaa| yahI kAraNa thA ki usa samaya bAmaNoDe matirikta kisIko bhI dharmakArya aura vedapATha karanekI mAjA nahIM thii| vAhmaNetara varNoke loga nIce samajhe jAte the| zUdra aura siyoko manuSya hI nahIM samajhA jAtA thaa| kintu isa dazAse loga Uba cale-unheM manupyoMmeM pArasparika Uca nIcA bheda akhara uThA / udhara itane meM hI bhagavAna pArzvanAthakA dharmopadeza humA aura upase janatA acchI taraha samajha gaI ki manuSya manuppameM prAkRta koI bheda nahIM hai| pratyeka manuSyako Atma svAtatrya prApta hai| kitane hI mata prarvataka inhIM bAtoMkA pracAra karane ke liye agADI aagye| mainI loga isa AndolanameM agrasara the| sAdhuoMkI bAta nAne dIjiye, zrAvaka taka logose jAtimUdatA athavA jAti yA kulamadako dUra karane ke sAdhu prayatna karate the| rAstA calate eka zrAvakA samAgama eka brAhmaNase hogayA / brAhmaNa apane jAtimadameM matta the; kintu zrAvakake yuktipUrNa vaca* noMse unakA yaha nazA kAphUra hogyaa| vaha jAna gaye ki "manuSyake zarIrameM varNa AkRtike bheda dekhanemeM nahIM pAte haiM, jisase varNabheda ho; kyoMki brAhmaNa AdikA zUdAdike sAtha bhI garbhAdhAna dekhane meM mAtA hai| ase gau. ghor3e AdikI jAtikA meda pazuoMmeM hai, aisA jAtibheda manuSyomeM nahIM hai, kyoMki yadi bhAkArameda hotA to 1-mama0 pR. 47-56 / 2-mamabu0 pR0 15-17 /

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148 saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / bhagavAna mahAvIrake samayameM bhAratake puruSa aise hI kalA kuzala aura vidvAna the| vaha loga bAlako, jahAM vaha pAMca varSakA humA, vidyAdhyayana karane meM juTA dete the kintu upta samayakI paThana pAThana praNAlI Ajase bilkula nirAlI thii| taba kisI eka nirNIta DhAMce ke par3he-likhe loga vidyAlayoMse nahIM nikAle jAtethe aura na AmalakI taraha 'skula' athavA 'kAleja' hI the| usa samayake vidvAn RSi hI vAlakoM kI zikSA dIkSAkA bhAra apane Upara lete the| sarva zAstroM aura kalAomeM nipuNa ina RSiyoMke AzramameM nAkara vidyArthI yuvAvasthAtaka zAstra aura zastravidyA niSNAta ho vApima apane ghara Ate the| takSazilA aura nAlaMTAke vidyA Azrama prasiddha the| jaina muniyoM ke Azrama bhI dezabharameM phaile hue the| videhameM dhAnyapurake samIpa zikhara bhUdhara parvataparake jaina AzramameM protakara kumAra vidyAdhyayana karane gaye the| magadha dezameM RSi giripara bhI jaina muniyoMkI tapobhUmi thii| aise hI aneka sthAnoMpara mAzramomeM upAdhyAya guru bAlakabAlikAoMko samucita zikSA diyA karate the / vidyArthI pUrNa brahmacaryase rahate the jisake kAraNa unakA zarIra gaThana bhI khUba acchI vAha hotA thaa| vidyAdhyayana kara cukanepara yuvAvasthA meM yogya kanyAke sAtha vivAha hotA thaa| kintu vivAhale pahile hI yuvaka arthopAjanake kArya meM lagA diye jAte the| isake sAtha yaha bhI thA ki kaI yuvaka AtmakalyANa aura paropakArake bhAvase gRhasthAzramameM jAte hI 1-apra0 pR. 231 ||2-upu0 pR. 720-7355 3-mani. bhA. 1 pR. 91-93 | 4-0 pR0 226-227 /

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Amwansomnamanna An e e - - - - - 156 / sAkSapta jana hAtahAsa / anena tapasvIko jainadharmakA upadeza dekara janI banAyA thaa| isI taraha unhoMne eka anya garIva zUdra varNake manuSyako manadharmakA zraddhAnI banAkara use apane mAbhUSaNa Adi diye the| gRhastha dharmakA pAlana karanekA adhikAra pratyeka prANIko thaa| zrAvaka loga navadIkSita jainI ke sAtha premamaI vyavahAra karake vAtsa. tyadharmakI pUrti karate the| usake sAtha jAtIya vyavahAra sthApita karane the| jinadatta seThane bauddhadharmI samudradatta seThake jaina hojAnepara usake sAtha apanI kanyA nIlI kA vivAha kiyA thaa| khAnapAnameM zuddhikA dhyAna rakhA jAtA thA, kintu yaha bAta na thI ki kisI itara varNI purupake yahAke zuddha bhojanako grahaNa kAnese kisIkA dharma carA jAtA ho / rAjA upazreNikane mIla nyAse zuddha bhojana banavAkara grahaNa kiyA thaa| (mAjha. mA. 240 33) jaina madiroMkA dvAra pratyeka manuSya ke liye khulA rahatA thaa| campAke buddhadAsa aura buddhasiMha maina maMdirake darzana karane gaye the aura aMtameM vaha jenI hogaye the| pazu taka bhagavAnakA pUjana kara sakta the| kumArI kanyAko patnIvata grahaNa karake usake sAtha rahanevAle puruSake yahA munirAjane AhAra liyA thaa| mAnala aise vyaktiyoMko 'damA' kahakara dharmArAdhana karanese roka diyA jAtA hai| kiMtu usa samaya 'dassA' zavdakA nAmataka nahIM sunAI par3atA thaa| kisI bhI vyaktike dharmakAryoM meM bAdhA DAlanA usa samaya adharmakA kArya samajhA jAtA thaa| aura na usa samaya agni pUnA, tarpaNa bhAdiko dharmakA aMga 1-kSatracUDAmaNi lamba 6 zlo0 7-9valamba 70 23-30 / 2-Aka0 mA0 2 pR0 2013-sako0 pR0 105||4-upu0 pR0 642 / /

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264] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / udhara vibudha zrIgharakI kathAse naravAhana rAnAkA jaina sambaMdha pragaTa hai jisake anusAra digambara jaina siddhAMta granthoMke uddhAraka muni bhUtabali nAmaka mAcArya vahI hue the| nahapAnakA eka viruddha 'bhaTTAraka' thA aura yaha zabda jainoMmeM rUr3ha hai / tathApi nahapAnake uttarAdhikAriyoMmeM kSatrapa rudrasiMhakA jainadharmAnuyAyI honA pragaTa hai|' mataeva naravAhanA nahapAna honA aura unheM jainadharmAnuyAyo mAnanA ucita pratIta hotA hai / isa avasthAmeM pUrvokta pahale do mauke anuptAra vIra nirvANa zakAvdase 461 varSa athavA 605 varSa 9 mAsa pUrva mAnanA ThIka pramANita nahIM hotA; kyoMki jaina zAstroMkA zakarAjA zaka saMvatakA pravartaka nahI thA, vaha nahapAna thaa| tIsarA mata pro0 maoNla cArapenTiyarakA hai, jisakA sthApana nirvANakAla I0 pU0 unhone 'inDiyana enTIkverI' bhA0 43 468 nahI hoskaa| meM kiyA hai| unake matase vIra-nirvANa I0pU0 468meM humA thaa| unane apane isa matakI puSTi meM pahale hI digambara aura zvetAmbaroke upta matake nirApada honemeM zaGkA kI hai, jisake anusAra san 527 I0 pUrva vIranirvANa mAnA jAtA "hai| kintu isameM no vaha digambaroke anusAra vikramase 605 varSa pUrva vIranirvANa batalAte haiM, vaha galata hai| kisI bhI prAcIna digamvaragraMthama vikramase 605 varSa pahale vIra nirvANa honA nahIM -siddhAvasArAdi saMgraha, pR. 316-318 10-150, pR0 103 / 3-ai0, bhA0 20 pR0 363 | 4-trilokasAra gA0 850-trilo. kasArake TIkAkAra eva unake vAdake logoko zakarAjAse matalaya vikramAdityase bhramavaza thaa| apralameM vaha nahapAnakA dyotaka hai|

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bhagavAna mahAvIrakA nirvANakAla / [ 165 likhA hai; balki vikramake janmase 470 varSa pahale mahAvIrakA : mokSagamana batAyA gayA hai / zAyada pro0 sA0 ko yaha bhrama, uparAntake katipaya jaina lekhakoMke anurUpa, 'trilokasAra' kI 850vIM gAthAkI nimna TIkAse hogayA hai; jisameM zaka rAjAko 'vikramAGka' kahA hai| " zrI vIranAthanivRte sakAzAta paMcottarapaTzatavarSANi paMcamAsayutena gatvA pazcAt vikramAGkazakarAno jAyate / " yahAMpara vikramAka zaka rAjAkA vizeSaNa hai| vaha vikramAditya rAjAkA khAsa nAmasUcaka nahIM hai / isa kAraNa trilokasArake matAnusAra vikramase 605 varSa 5 mAsa pahale vIra nirvANa nahIM mAnA jAsaktA aura vaha zakAbdase bhI itane pahale huA nahI svIkAra kiyA jAsaktA; yaha pahale hI likhA jAcukA hai| zvetAmbaroMke grantha 'vicArazreNi' kI vikramase 470 varSa pUrva vIra nirvANa huA pragaTa karanevAlI gAthAoMkA samarthana usase prAcInagraMtha ' trilokaprajJapti ' se hotA hI haiM aura udhara bauddha saM0 I0 pUrva 543 se prArambha humA khAravela ke zilAlekhase pramANita hai| isaliye vaha I0 pU0477 meM nahIM mAnA jAsaktA / tathApi usake sAtha vIra nirvANa saMvat I0 pU0 468 se mAnanA bhI bAdhita hai; kyoMki yaha bAta bauddhazAstroMse spaSTa hai ki ma0 buddhake jIvanakAlameM hI ma0 mahAvIrakA nirvANa hogayA thaa| ukta pro0 sA0 isa asambaddhatAko svayaM svIkAra karate hai / mi0 kAzIprasAda jAyasavAlane pro0 sA0ke isa malakA nirasana acchI taraha kara diyA hai| ataeva isa matako mAnyatA dene meM bhI hama asamartha haiM ! T 1 - javiooso 0, mA0 1 0 99-105 / 2- majjhima0 21243 va dIni0 bhA0 3 pR0 1 / 3-Iai0 bhA0 49 pR0 43000 *

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166] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / cauthA mata zrIyuta paM0 nAtharAmanI premIkA hai aura usake vikramAse 550 pUrva anusAra vikramAndase 150 varSa pahale vIra mI nirvANakAla prabhU mokSa gaye pragaTa hote haiN| isa matakA nahIM hosktii| AdhAra zrI devasenAcArya aura zrI mami. tagatimAcAryakA ullekha hai jinameM samayako nirdiSTa karate hue 'vikramanRpakI mRtyuse' aisA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| hosaktA hai ki ina AcAryoMko vikramasaMvatako unakI mRtyuse calA mAnane meM koI galatI huI ho, kyoMki vikramakI mRtyuke bAda pranA dvArA isa saMvatakA calAyA jAnA kucha jIko nahIM lgtaa| 'trilokamajJapti' Adi prAcIna granthoM meM isa matakA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| yadi isa matako mAnyatA dIjAya to samrAT manAtazatruke rAjyakAlameM bhagavAna mahAvIrakA nirvANa huA pragaTa nahIM hotA aura yaha bAdhA pUrvokta tIna matoMke sambandha bhI hai| digambara aura zvetAmbara jaina anthoM evaM cauddhoMke zAstroMse yaha vilkula spaSTa hI hai ki mahAvIrajIke nirvANa samaya manAtazatrukA rAjya thaa| usake rAjyake aMtima bhAgameM yaha ghaTanA ghaTita huI thii| ajAtazatrukA rAjyakAla san 952 se 118 I0 pU0 athavA san 154 se 527 I0 pU0 pragaTa hai| vikramAvdase 550 varSa pUrva bhagavAnakA mokSalAbha mAnanese vaha samrAT zreNikake rAjyakAlameM hubhA ghaTita hotA hai aura yaha pratyakSA bAdhita hai| ataH isa matako svIkAra kara lenA bhI kaThina hai| 1-darzanasAra pR0 36-37|2-jvibhoso0, bhA01pR05-115 va upu0 / -javibhoso0, bhA0 1 pR99-115 5 mahihaM0, pR. 34-3

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bhagavAna mahAvIrakA nirmaannkaal| [167 pAMcaveM matake anumAra zakAvdase 741 varSa pahale vIra bhagazakandise 741 varSa vAnakA nirvANa huA pragaTa hotA hai| usa pUrva bhI bhrAMtamaya hai| matakA pratipAdana dakSiNa bhAratake 18 vIM zatAki zilAlekhomeM huA hai / jaise dIpanagur3Ike maMdiravAle bar3e zilAlekhameM isakA ullekha yU hai,' " vaddhamAnamokSagatAbde maTatrizadadhipaMcazatottaradvisahasrapariMgate zAlivAhanazakakAle saptanavatisaptazatottarasahattavarSasamite bhavanAma savatsare" isameM zAkA 1197meM vIra saM0 2558 honA likhA hai| vartamAna pracalita sa se isameM 137 varSA mantara hai| isa antarakA kAraNa trilokasArake 850veM naM0kI gAthAkI TIkA hai, jaise ki hama Upara batA cuke haiN| dakSiNa bhAratake digambara jaina itihAsa grantha 'rAmA valIkathe se bhI isakA samarthana hotA hai| usameM likhA hai ki 'mahAvIranI mukta huye taba kaliyugaDe 2438 varSa bIte the aura vikramase 605 varSa pUrva vaha mukta huye the|2 uparokta TIkAke kathanase bhramameM par3akara aisA ullekha kiyA gayA hai aura isa bhramAtmaka matako bhalA kaise svIkAra kiyA jAsaktA hai ? maMtima mata hai ki vikrama janmase 470 varSa pahale mahAvIraantima mata svAmIkA nirvANa humA thaa| aura isa matake anumAnya hai| sAra hI Ajakala jainoMmeM vIranirvANa saMvata pracalita hai| yaha saMvat tAnA hI calA humA nahIM hai balki prAcIna sAhi- tyameM bhI isakA ullekha milatA hai| kintu isakI gaNanAmeM pahalese 1-mamaiprAjaismA0, pR0 98-99 / 2-janamitra, varSa 5 aMka 1 pR. 11-12 / 3-DAkAke likhe hueke guTake meM isakA ullekha hai|

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198] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / hI mula huI hai| usako dekhane ke liye yahA~para una pramANoMko upasthita karanA ucita hai, jinake AdhArase yaha gaNanA huI hai:(1) sattari cadusadajutto tiNakAlA vikamo havai jgmii| aThavarasa soDasavAsehi bhammie dekhe // 18 // nadisaMgha paTAvalI (jasimA0, ki04 pR0 75) (2) satcari cadusadajutto tiNakAle viko havai jmmaa| aThavarasa vAlalIlA, sADasabAsehi bhammaye dekho| rasapaNa vIsA rajjo kuNati micchopadeza sNjutto| cAlIsa varasa jinavara dhamme pAleya surapayaM lahiyaM // ||vikrm prabaMdha // (3) sarasvatI gacchakI paTTAvalIkI bhUmikA spaSTarUpase vIra nirvANase 470 varSa bAda vikramakA janma honA likhA hai; yathA-- "bahuri zrI vIrasvAmIkU mukti gaye poche cyArasau sattara 470 varSa gaye pIche zrImanmahArAja vikrama rAjAkA janma bhyaa|" (4) raNi kAlago arihA titthaMkarI mhaaviirii| taM raNi ati vaI abhisitto pAlayo rAyo / saTTI pAlaga ranne paNa paNNasaM yatu hoI naMdANaM / aTThasayaM muriyANaM tIsacima pussamisassa / calamitta-mAnumitto saTThI varisANi cattaM naravAhaNe / taha gahamilla ranto terasavarisA sagassa ca // -tIrthovAra prakIrNa / (1) vasunadi zrAvakAcAgmeM vikrama zakase 488 varSa pUrva mahAvIra nirvANa honA likhA hai| (dekho jainamitra, varSa 5 aMka 1110 11-12) /

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bhagavAna mahAvIrakA nirvANakAla / [169 uparokta sabahI ullekhoMmeM prAyaH bhagavAna mahAvIrase 470 varSa vAda vikramarAjAkA janma honA likhA hai aura vartamAna vikrama saMvata unake rAjyakAlase calA hubhA milatA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki vasunaMdi zrAvakAcArameM vikramasaMvatase 488 varSapUrva vIranirvANa humA nirdiSTa kiyA gayA hai, kyoMki vikramake janmaseM rAjyAbhipekako kAlAntara 18 varSakA mAnA jAtA hai| isa avasthA meM pracalita vIranirvANa saMvatkA saMzodhana honA Avazyaka pratIta hotA hai| zAyada uparokta pramANoMmeM naM0 4 para Apatti kI nAya, jisameM cIranirvANase 470 varSa bAda zakarAnAkA rAjyAnta honA likhA hai| kintu yaha bAta ThIka nahIM hai| yahAMpara zakarAnAse bhAva zakArirAjA vikramAdityase pragaTa hotA hai| DaoN. jaikobI bhI yahI bAta pragaTa karate haiN| yadi aisA na mAnA jAya aura zakarAjA bhAva zaka saMvata pravartakake liye jAya, to ukta gaNanAke anusAra caMdragupta mauryakA mabhiSeka kAla I0 pUrva 177 varSa mAtA hai aura yaha pratyakSa vAdhita hai| sAtha hI uparokta gAthAoMkA gaNanAkrama Apattijanaka hai, jaise hamane bhanyatra pragaTa kiyA hai| mAlUma hotA hai ki vikramase 470 varSa pUrva vIra nirvANa batalAneke lie zvetAMvarAcAryone apane manonukUla ukta gAthAokA nirUpaNa kara diyA hai| isa dazAmeM yaha nahIM kahA jAsakA ki unako vikramake janma rAjya athavA mRtyuse 470 varSa pUrva bIra nirvANa mAnya thaa| kintu avazeSa mauke samakSa vikramake janmase 470 varSa pUrva vIranirvANa' huA mAnanA ThIka hai| 1-madanakoSa va bhAmAe0 / 2-jaisA saM0 / 3-vIra, varSa 65 ,

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170 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | isa gaNanA ke anusAra arthAt vikramake janmase 170 varSa nirvANakAla I0 pU0 pUrva (545 I0 pU0 ) vIra nirvANa mAna545 me thaa| nese, usakA ajAtazatruke rAjya kAlameM hI honA ThIka baiThatA hai aura ma0 buddhakA taba jIvita honA bhI pragaTa hai | ataH yaha gaNanA tathyapUrNa pragaTa hotI hai| gAyada yahApara yaha mApatti kI jAya ki cUMki ajAtazatrukA rAjyakAlakA atima varpa I0 pUrva 527 hai aura ma0 bundrakI dehAta tithikA zuddharUpa I0 0 pR0 482 vidvAnoMne pragaTa kiyA hai; isaliye vIra nirvANa koI I0 pUrva 527 varSameM huA mAnanA ThIka hai / kintu pahile to yaha Apatti uparokta zAstralekhoMse bAdhita hai / dUsare jAtazatru vIra nirvANake kaI varSa uparAMta taka jIvita rahA thA, yaha bAta jaina evaM bauddha granthoMse pragaTa hai / isaliye unake aMtima rAjyavarSa I0 pUrva 527 meM vIra nirvANa honA ThIka nahIM jaMcatA / sAtha hI yadi ma0 buddhakI nidhana tithi 180 varSa I0 pU0 thor3I derake liye mAna bhI lI jAya to bhagavAna mahAvIrake uparAMta itane lambe samaya taka unakA jIvita rahanA pragaTa nahIM hotA / anyatra hamane bhagavAna mahAvIra aura ma0 buddhakI aMtima tithiyoM meM kevala do varSokA antara honA pramANita kiyA hai / DaoN0 hANale sA* isa antarako adhika se adhika pAMca varSa batAte haiM; parantu ma buddha aura bha0 mahAvIrake jIvana sambaMdhako dekhate huye, yaha antara kucha adhika pratIta hotA hai / ma0 mahAvIra ke jIvanameM kevalajJAna 1 - jayioosro 0, mA0 1 10 99-115 va upu0 / 2-vIra, varSa 6 / 3-AjIvika iriha0 |

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W VANAM bhagavAna mahAvIrakA nivaNakAla / [171 prApta karanekI ghaTanA mukhya thI, isa hamArI gaNanAke anusAra usa samaya ma0 buddhakI avasthA 48 varSakI pragaTa hotI hai aura isakA samarthana usa kAraNase bhI hotA hai, jisakI vajaha se mabuddhaka 50 se 70 varSake madhyavartI jIvana ghaTanAoM kA ullekha hI nahIM barAbara milatA hai| bAta yaha hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIrake sarvajJa hone aura dharmapracAra prArambha karaneke pahalese hI ma0 buddha apane madhyamArgakA pracAra karane lage the, jaise ki bauddha graMthose bhI pragaTa hai|' mataeva do varSake bhItara 2 bhagavAna mahAvIrake vastu svarUpa upadezakA digantavyApI honA prAkRta sumaMgata hai / aura bhagavAna mahAvIrake prabhAvake samakSa unakA mahatva kSINa honAya to koI Azcarya nahIM hai / yaha bAta hama pahale hI pragaTa kara cuke haiM aura isakA samarthana svayaM bauddha granthoMse hotA hai| ataeva uparokta gaNanA evaM ma0 mahAvIra aura ma0 buddhake paraspara jIvana sambandhakA dhyAna rakhate huye ma0 buddhako nidhana-tithi I0 pUrva 482 yA 477 svIkAra nahIM kI nAsaktI ! balki hamArI gaNanAse pragaTa yaha hai ki ma. mahAvIrase cha varSa pahale ma0 buddhakA janma humA thA aura unake nirvANase do varSa bAda ma. buddhakI jIvanalIlA samApta huI thii| vezaka bauddha zAstromeM ma0 buddhako upta samayake mata-pravartakoMmeM sarvalaghu likhA hai; kintu unakA yaha kathana nirvASa nahIM hai, kyoMki unhIMka eka anya zAstroM meM ma0 buddha isa bAtakA koI spaSTa uttara dete nahIM 1-mani0 mA0 1 pR. 225, sani0 bhA0 11 pR0 66 "vIra" . varSa 6 / 2-bhamabu. pR0 103-110 /

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172] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / milate ki ve sarvalaghu haiM / isase yaha ThIka jaMcatA hai ki mAyumeM bha0 mahAvIrase ma0 buddha avazya bar3e the; parantu eka matapravartakakI bhAMti vaha sarvaraghu the, kyoMki anya saba mata ma0 buddhase pahaleke the ! isaprakAra bha0 mahAvIrakA nirvANa ma. buddhake zarIrAntase doM varSa pahale mAnanA ThIka hai aura cUMki cauddhoMmeM ma0 duddhakA parinivvAna I0 pUrva 643 varSameM mAnA jAtA hai, isaliye bha0 mahAvIrakA nirvANa I0 pUrva 546meM mAnanA mAvazyaka aura ucita hai / jaise pahile bhI yahI anyathA pragaTa kiyA jAcukA hai|| digambara jainazAstroMke kathanase bhI bha. mahAvIrakI jIvana di. jaina zAlole ghaTanAochA ukta prakAra honA pramANita hai| ___ ukta matakA yaha likhA jAcukA hai ki aNika vimvaptArakI samarthana hotA hai| matya bha0 mahAvIrake jIvana meM hI hogaI thI aura unake bAda kuNika ajAtazatru vidharmI hogayA thA, jise bha. mahAvIrake nirvANoparAnta zrI indramRti gautamane jainadharmAnuyAyI banAyA thaa| itihAsase zreNikA mRtyukAla I0 pU0 512 prakaTa hai / tathApi saM0 1827kI racI huI 'zreNikacaritra' kI bhASA vacanikAmeM hai ki:" zreNika nIti sambhAlakara, kare rAja avikaar| vAraha varSa ju vauddhamata, rahA pharmavaza dhAra // 52 // cAraha varSa tane cita dharo, nandaprAma yaha mAraga kro| taha thI leThi sAthi cAliyo, taba veNaka nagara Ayiyo // 53 // nandanI paraNI suphumAla, varSa dUsare raha suvAla / sAta varSa bramaNa dhara rahe, pAche Apa rAjasaMgrahe // 5 // 1-mustanipAta (S. B.E,X) pR0 87 va bhamabu* pR0 110 // bacanikAsa nIti sambhAlA hA ke

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bhagavAna mahAvIrakA nirvaannkaal| [173 nandadhone visarI rAya, tIna varSa ju pitA ghara thAya / ATha varSanA amayakumAra, rAjagRhI Ayo citadhAra // 15 // cAra varSame nyAya ju kiyA, bAraha varSataNAM yuva bhyaa| zreNika varSa chavIsa maMjhAra, mahAvIra kevalapada dhAra // 56 // ___ adhikAra 15 / ' isase prakaTa hai ki zreNikako 12 varSakI umra meM dezanikAlA hA aura rAstemeM vaha bauddha huye / do varSa taka nandazrIke yahAM rhe| bAdameM 7 varSa unane bhramaNameM bitAye aura 22 varSako unameM unheM rAjya milA | tathApi unakI 26 varSakI avasthAmeM bhagavAna mahAvIrako kevalajJAnakI prApti huI thii| isase pratyakSa hai ki bha0 mahAvIrake sarvajJa hone aura dharmapracAra bhArambha karane ke pahale hI ma buddha dvArA bauddhadharmakA pracAra hogayA thaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki dezase nirvAsita honepara zreNika bauddha hosake the| isa dazAmeM na zAstrAnusAra bhI hamArI uparoka jIvana-saMbaMdha vyAkhyA ThIka pragaTa hotI hai| sAtha vIra nirvANakAla I0 pUrva 545 mAnanese ma0kA kevalajJAna prApti samaya I0pU0 575 ThaharatA hai / isa samaya zreNi. kakI avasthA 26 varSakI thI arthAt zreNikakA janma I0pU0 680 meM pragaTa hotA hai| rAjyArohaNa kAlase 28 varSa uparAnta rAjyase malaga hokara unakI mRtyu huI mAnanepara I0 pU0 692 unakA maraNakAla siddha hotA hai / itihAsase isa tithikA ThIka sAmaJjasya baiThatA hai| ataeva bhagavAna mahAvIrakA nirvANakAla I. pu0 546 mAnanA ucita hai| vartamAna pracalita vIranirvANa saMvatakA zuddha rUpa 2470 honA ucita hai|

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180] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| (6) nanda kazA ( I0 pUrva 459-126) zizunAgavaMzake aMtima do rAnAoM-nandavarddhana aura mahAna ndikA ullekha pahile kiyA jAcukA hai kintu inake nv-nnd| nAmake sAtha 'nanda' zabda honeke kAraNa, yaha nanda. vaMzake rAjA anumAna kiye jAte hai| naMdavaMzameM kula nau rAjA anumAna kiye jAte hai| kintu mi0 jAyasavAla 'nava-nanda' kA artha 'navIna-nanda' karate haiN| isa prakAra nandavarddhana aura mahAnaMdi tathA mahAdevananda va nanda caturtha prAcIna naMdarAjA Thaharate hai / kSemendrake 'pUrvanandAH ' ullekhase bhI inakA prAcIna nanda honA siddha hai| navIna naMda rAjAoM meM kula dokA patA calatA hai| isa prakAra kula chai rAnA naMdavaMzameM huye pragaTa hote hai / kavi candabaradAI (12 vI za0 I.) ne 'nava' kA artha nau kiyA thA, kintu vaha bhrama mAtra hai| hindupurANoM ke anusAra naMdavaMzane 100 varSa rAjya kiyA thaa| kintu jainagranthoM meM unakA rAjyakAla 155 varSa likhA milatA hai| 1-javioso, bhA0 1 pR 87-sikandara mahAnako vRpala nanda siMhAsana para milA thA (326 I0 pU0) aura candraguptane disambara I. pU. 326 meM atima nandako parAsta kiyA thaa| isa kAraNa mi0 jAyasavAla eka mahInemeM mATha rAjAoMkA honA ucita nahIM samajhate / 2-ahiha pR. 45 / -javioso, bhA0 1 pR. 89...va bhAprArA0 bhA0 2 pR. 43 | 4-hari0 bhUmikA pR0 12 va trilokprajJapti gAthA 96-(pAlakarajja sahi igisaya paNaNNa vijyvsNmtraa|) jaina graMthoMmeM isa vazakA nAma 'vijayavaza' likhA hai|

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188] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / yUnAnI sabhyatAko grahaNa nahIM kiyA thaa| sikandarakA bhAratamAkramaNa eka teja AMdhI thI; jo caTase mAratake uttara pazcimIya dezase hotI huI nikala gaI / usase bhAratakA vizeSa ahita bhI nahIM huA thaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki bhAratavAsI sikandarako zIghra hI bhUla gaye the| kisI bhI brAhmaNa, jaina yA cauddhagraMthame isa mAkramaNakA varNana nahIM milatA hai| kiMtu ima AkramaNakA phala itanA avazya mAnanA par3egA ki isake dvArA saMsArakI do samya aura / prAcIna jAtiyokA samparka huA thaa| yUnAniyoMne bhAratavarSake vidvA. noMse bahutasI bAteM sIkhI thIM aura yahAMke tattvajJAnakA yUnAnI dArzanikoMke vicAroMpara gaharA prabhAva par3A thaa| sikandara aura usake sAthiyoM kA vizeSa saMsarga digambara jaina muniyoMse humA thaa| pariNAmataH yUnAniyoM meM aneka vidvAna "ahiMsA paramo dharmaH" siddhAMta para jora deneko tula par3e the / ina logoMne jo bhArata evaM jaina muniyo ( Gymnosophists ) ke sambandhameM jo bAteM likhI hai| unakA sAmAnya digdarzana kara lenA samucita hai| bhAratavarSake viSayameM yUnAniyoMne bahuta kucha likhA hai, magara khAsa ... mAnane yogya bAteM yaha haiM ki vaha usa samaya bhAratakI bhaart-vrnnn| vanA janasaMkhyA tamAma dezoMse adhika batAte haiM, jo aneka saMpradAyoMmeM vibhakta thA aura yahAM vibhinna bhASAyeM bolI jAtI thiiN| eka saMpadAya aisA bhI hai ki na usake anuyAyI kisI jIvita prANIko -paMthAgorasa aisA hI upadeza detA thA (deso ai0 pR065) 'aura porapheriyasa ( Porphyrious) ne mAMsa niSedha para eka anna lisA thA / (aii0 pR0 169) / 2-aii0 pR0 1 /

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196] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / yUnAniyone ina nagnasAdhuoMmeM mandanIsa aura kalonasa nAmaka digambara jaina sAdha do sAdhuoMkI bar3I prazaMsA kI hai| inako mandanIsa aura unhoMne brAhmaNa likhA hai aura isa apekSA phalonasa / kinhIM lekhakoMne unakA caritra vaidika brAhmagoMkI mAnyatAoke anaphala citrita kiyA hai| kiMta unako sabane nagna batalAyA hai / tathApi kalonasako no dezaloMca bhAdi karate likhA hai, usase spaSTa hai ki ye sAdhu jaina zramaNa the| eka yUnAnI dekhakane phalonasako brAhmaNa purohita na likhakara 'zramaNa' batalAyA bhI hai| ataH mAlama aisA hotA hai ki janmase ye brAhmaNa hote huye bhI jaina dharmAnuyAyI the| inakA mUla nivAsa tihUtameM thii| sikandara jaba takSazilAmeM pahuMcA to usane ina digambara sAdhuoMkI bar3I tArIpha sunii| use yaha bhI mAlUma humA ki vaha nimaMtraNa svIkAra nahIM karate / isapara vaha khuda to unase milane nahIM gayA; kiMtu apane eka aphasara onesikriTasa (Onesikritos)ko unakA hAlacAla lene ke liye bhenA | takSazilAke vAhara thor3I dUrapara usa aphasarako pandraha digambara sAdhu asahya dhUpameM kaThina tapasyA karate mile the| phalonasa nAmaka sAdhuse usakI vArtAlApa huI thii| yahI sAdhu yUnAna jAne ke liye sikandarake sAtha ho liyA thaa| mAlUma hotA hai ki 'kalonasa' nAma saMskRta zabda 'kalyANa kA apabhraMza hai| -vizeSake liye dekho vIra, varSa 6 / 2-aii0, pR. 72 // 3-airi0 bhA0 9 pR. 70 / 4-aii0, pR0 69 / 5-yUnAnI lekhaka plUTAIkA kathana hai ki yaha muni AzIrvAdameM 'kalyANa' zandakA prayoga karate the| isa kAraNa kalAnasa kahalAte the| inakA yathArtha nAma 'sphAinna' (Sphines) yaa| meai10 10 106 /

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sikandara-AkramaNa va tatkAlina jaina sAdhu [197 ataH ina sAdhukA zuddha nAma ThIka hai, jo jaina sAdhuoM ke nAmake samAna hai| muni kalyANane isa videzIke pracaNDa lobha aura tRSNAke vaza ho ghora kaSTa sahate huye vahAM mAyA dekhakara jarA upahAsabhAva dhAraNa kiyA aura kahA ki pUrvakAlameM saMsAra sukhI thA-yaha deza anAjase bharapura thaa| vahAM dUdha aura amRta Adike jharane vahate the, kintu mAnava samAja viSayabhogoMke mAdhIna ho ghamaNDI aura uddaNDa hogyaa| vidhine yaha saba sAmagrI lupta karadI aura manuSyake liye parizramapUrvaka jIvana vitAnA (A life of toil) niyata kara diyA / saMsArameM punaH saMyama mAdi sad guNoMkI vRddhi huI aura acchI cIjoM ko bAhulyatA bhI hogaI / kintu aba phira manuSyoM meM asantoSa aura ucchahalatA Ane lagI hai aura vartamAna avasthAkA naSTa honAnA bhI Avazyaka hai| sacamuca isa vaktavya dvArA muni kalyANane bhogabhUmi aura karmabhUmike cauthe kAla aura phira paMcamakAlake prAraMbhakA ullekha kiyA pratIta hotA hai| unane yUnAnI aphasarase yaha bhI kahA thA ki 'tuma hamAre samAna kapar3e utArakara nagna hojAo aura vahIM zilApara bhAsana jamAkara hamAre upadezako zravaNa kro| vecArA yUnAnI aphasara isa prastAvako sunakara bar3e asamaMjasameM par3a gayA thA; kintu eka jaina munike liye yaha sarvathA ucita thA ki vaha saMsArameM burI taraha phaMse huye prANIkA uddhAra karaneke bhAvase use digambara muni honA -aii0, pR. 70 / 2-aii0 pR0 70 / -

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198 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | nekI zikSA deM / prAyaH pratyeka jaina muni apane vaktavya ke anta meM aisA hI upadeza dete haiM aura yadi koI vyakti suni na hosake to use zrAvaka ke vrata grahaNa karanekA parAmarza dete haiN| muni kalyANane bhI yahI kiyA thA / kintu eka videzIke liye inameM se kisI bhI prastAvako svIkAra kara lenA sahasA sugama nahIM thA / muni mandanIsa, jo saMbhavataH saMghAcArya the, yUnAnI aphasarakI isa vikaTa uljhanameM sahAyaka bana gaye / unhoMne muni kalyANako roka diyA aura yUnAnI aphasara se kahA ki 'sikandara kI prazaMsA yogya hai / vaha vizad sAmrAjyakA svAmI hai, parantu to bhI vaha jJAna pAnekI lAlasA rakhatA hai / eka aise raNavIrako unane jJAnecchu rUpameM nahIM dekhA ! sacamuca aise puruSoMse bar3A lAbha ho, ki jinake hAthoMmeM bala hai, yadi vaha saMyamAcArakA pracAra mAnavasamAjameM kreN| aura saMtoSamaI jIvana vitAneke liye pratyekako bAdhya kare / mahAtmA mandanIsane dubhASiyoM dvArA isa yUnAnI aphasara se vArtAlApa kiyA thA / isI kAraNa unheM bhaya thA ki unake bhAva ThIka prakaTa na hosakeM / kintu to bhI unane jo upadeza diyA thA usakA niSkarSa yaha thA ki viSaya sukha aura zokase pIchA kaise chUTe / unane kahA ki zoka aura zArIrika zramameM bhinnatA hai / zoka manuSyakA zatru hai aura zrama usakA mitra hai / manuSya zrama isaliye karate haiM ki unakI mAnasika zaktiyAM unnata hoM, jisase ki ve bhramakA anta kara sakeM aura sabako acchA parAmarza desakeM / ce takSazilA vAsiyoMse sikandarakA svAgata mitrarUpameM karane ke liye

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ANA sikandara-AkramaNa va tatkAlIna jaina saadhu| [199 kaheMge kyoMki apanese acchA puruSa yadi koI cAhe to use bhalAI karanA caahiye| isake bAda unane yUnAnake tatvavettAoM meM jo siddhAnta praca. lite the unakI bAbata pUchA aura uttara sunakara kahA ki 'anya viSayoMmeM yUnAniyoMkI mAnyatAeM puSTa pratIta hotI haiM, jaise ahiMsA mAdi, kintu ve prakRti ke sthAnapara pravRttiko sammAna dene meM eka bar3I galatI karate haiN| yadi yaha bAta na hotI to ve unakI taraha nagna rahane meM aura saMyamI jIvana bitAne meM saMkoca na karate kyoMki vahI sarvottama gRha hai, nisakI marammatakI bahuta kama jarUrata par3atI hai / unane yaha bhI kahA ki ve (digambara muni) prArutavAda, jyotiSa, varSA, duSkAla, roga Adike sambandha bhI anveSaNa karate haiN| jaba ve nagarameM jAte haiM to caurAhe para pahuMcakara saba titaravitara hojAte haiN| yadi unheM koI vyakti aMgura mAdi phala liye mila jAtA hai, to vaha detA hai use grahaNa kara lete haiN| usake badalemeM vaha use kucha nahIM dete| pratyeka dhanI gRhameM vaha mantaH ai0 pR. 70-71 santoSI aura saMyamI jIvana vitAnekI zikSA denA, dUsaroM ke sAtha bhalAI karanekA upadeza denA aura pravRttiko pradhAnatA denA, jaina mAnyatAkA dyotaka hai| 2-isa ullekhase usa samayake muniyoM kA pratyeka viSayameM pUrNa niSNAta honA siddha hai| 3-yahA AhAra kriyAkA varNana kiyA gayA hai| niyata samayapara saMgha AhArake liye nagarameM jAtA hogA aura vahA caurAhepara pahuMcakara savakA alaga 2 prasthAna kara jAnA ThIka hI hai| 4-kaise aura kaunasA mAhAra ve prahaNa karate hai / isa prazna . uttarameM mahAtmA mandanImane yaha vAkya kahe pragaTa hote haiM / jaina sAdhuko eka pakti bhaktipUrvaka jo bhI zuda nirAmiSa bhojana detA hai, use hI vaha -

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200] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / pura taka binA rokaToke jAsakta haiN| bhAcArya mandanIsane sikandarake liye yaha bhI upadeza diyA thA ki vaha ina sAMsArika sukhoMkI AzAmeM par3akara cAroM tarapha kyoM paribhramaNa kara rahA hai ? usake isa paribhramaNakA kabhI anta honevAlA nhiiN| vaha isa pRthvIpara apanA kitanA hI adhikAra jamAle, kintu maratI bAra usake zarIrake liye sADetIna hAtha jamIna hI bAta hogii|" ina mahAtmAke mArmika upadeza aura jaina zramaNoMkI vidyAdha prabhAva sikandara para veDhaba par3A thaa| usane apane sAtha eka sAdhuko menanekI prArthanA saMghanAyakase kI thI; kintu saMghanAyakane yaha bAta asvIkAra kI thii| unhoMne ina jainAcAra hIna videziyoM ke sAtha rahakara munidharmakA pAlana akSuNNa rItise honA azakya samajhA thaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki unane kisI bhI sAdhuko yUnAniyoM ke sAtha jAnekI AjJA nahIM dii| kintu imapara bhI muni lyANa (phalaunasa) dharmapacArakI apanI ulaTa laganako na roka sake aura vaha sikandarake sAtha ho liye the| unakI yaha kriyA saMghanAyakako pasaMda na AI aura muni kalyANakako unane tiraskAra dRSTise dekhA thaa| bhAratase lauTate huye jisaptamaya sikandara pArasyadezameM pahuMcA; kalonasako videzameM to vahAka suptA (Susa) nAmaka sthAnameM smaadhimrnn'| ina mahAtmA phalAnasako eka prakArakI vyAdhi jo apane dezameM kabhI nahIM hotI thI hogii| isa samaya grahaNa karate hai| usake badalemeM vaha use kucha bhI nahIM dete / bhojanake niyamameM ve bhaktajanakA koI bhI upakAra nahIM krte| 1-aii0 pR. 73 / 2-jaisi bhA0, bhA0 ki0 4 pR0 5 / -

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sikandara-AkramaNa va tatkAlIna jaina saadhu| [201 vaha tehattara varSake vRddha the| aura phira rUNadazAmeM unake liye 'jainadharmakI prathAnusAra pravRtti karanA aura dharmAnukUla indriyadamanakArI bhojanoM dvArA rogI zarIrakA nirvAha karanA asAdhya hogayA thaa| isaliye unhoMne sallekhanA vratako grahaNa kara lenA ucita smjhaa| yaha vrata usI masAdhya avasthAmeM grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai, jabaki -vyaktiko apanA jIvana saMkaTApanna dRSTi par3atA hai| muni kalyANakI zArIrika sthiti isI prakArakI thii| unane sikandara para apanA abhipAya prakaTa kara diyaa| pahile to sikaMdara rAnI na huA; paraMtu mahAtmAko bhAtmavirsana karane para tulA dekhakara usane samucita sAmagrI prastuta karanekI AjJA de dii| pahile eka kAThakI koTharI banAI gaI thI aura usameM vRkSoMkI pattiyAM bichA dIgaI thiiN| isIkI chatapara eka citA banAI gaI thii| sikandara unake sammAnArtha apanI sArI senAko susajjita kara taiyAra hogyaa| bImArIke kAraNa mahAtmA phalaoNnasa bar3e durbala hogaye the| unako kAne ke liye eka ghor3A bhejA gayA; kintu jIvadayAke pratipAlaka ve munirAja usa ghor3e para nahIM car3he aura bhAratIya DhaMgase pAlakI meM baiThakara vahAM mA gye| vaha usa koThar3ImeM unakI vyavasthAnusAra banda kara diye gaye the| antameM vaha citApara virAjamAna ho gaye / citArohaNa karatI bAra unane mena niyamAnusAra sabase-kSamA prArthanAkI bheMTa kii| tathA dhAmika upadeza dete huye kezaloMca bhI kiyaa| 1-aii0, pR. 73 // 2-kezaloca karanA, jaina muniyokA khAsa niyama hai| yUnAniyoMne muni kalyANake aMtima samayakA varNana eka nizcita rUpameM nahIM diyA hai / citApara baiThakara samAdhi lenA jaina dRSTise ThIka nahIM hai| sambhavataH apane zavako jalavAnekI niyatase muni kalyANane aisA kiyA ho|

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202] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / / usasamaya sikandarako yaha dRzya marmamedI pratIta huA to bhI usane apanI bhakti dikhAneke lie apane sabhI raNavAdya banavAye aura sabhI sainikoM ke sAtha zosucaka zabda kiyA tathA hAthiyoMse bhI ciMghADa karavAI | sikandara unake nikaTa milane ke liye bhI AyA; kiMtu unhoMne kahA ki "maiM bhabhI mApase mulAkAta karanA nahIM cAhatA; aba zIghra hI Apase mujhe bheMTa hogii| isa kathanakA bhAvArtha usa samaya koI bhI na samajha skaa| parantu kucha samayake bAda jaba sikandara kAlakavalita hone ke sammukha humA to ma0 kalaoNnasake isa bhaviSyadvaktutva zaktikI yAda sabako homaaii| usa citAkI dhadhakatI huI vikarAla jyAlAmeM mahAtmA phalonasakA zarIrAnta hogyaathaa| ina jainamunine videziyoMke hRdayoMpara kitanA gaharA prabhAva jamA liyA thA, yaha prakaTa hai| sacamuca yadi vaha yunAna pahuMca jAte to vahAMpara ekavAra jaina siddhAMtoMkI zItaka aura vimala jAnhavI bahA dete ! ( 1-ma0 phalaoNnasake bhaviSyadvaksa ke isa udAharaNase unako apane "aMtima samayakA jJAna humA mAnanA kucha anucita nahIM jacatA aura vaha' citApara ThIka usI samaya baiThe hoMge; jisa samaya unake prANa pakheka isa nazvara zarIrako choDane lage hoMge / 2-jaisi mA0, mA0 1 ki. pR. 7.

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zrutakevalI bhadravAhu aura anya aacaary| [203 0 (11) LA zrutAkevalI bhagavAhunI aura anya AcArya (I0 pU0 473-383) jambUsvAmI aMtima kevalI the| inake bAda kevalajJAna-sUrya zrI bhadavAhajIko isa upadezamai masta hogayA thA; parantu pAMca smy| munirAja zrutajJAnake pAragAmI vidyamAna rahe the| yaha naMdi, naMdimitra, aparAjita, govardhana aura bhadrabAhu naamkthe|' naMdike sthAnapara dUsarA nAma viSNu bhI mikatA hai| yaha pAMcoM munirAja caudaha pUrva aura bAraha aMgake jJAtA zrI jambUsvAmI ke bAda sau varSameM hue batAye gaye haiM aura isa apekSA aMtima zrutakevalI zrI bhadrabAhusvAmI I0 pU0 383 athavA 365 taka saMghAdhIza rahe pragaTa hote haiN| kintu bhaneka zAstroM aura zilAlekhoMse yaha bhadrabAhusvAmI maurya samrAT candragupta ke samakAlIna pragaTa hote haiM aura candraguptakA samaya I0 pR. 326-302 mAnA jAtA hai| aba yadi zrI bhadrabAhusvAmIkA mastitva I0 pU0 383 yA 365 ke bAda na mAnA jAya to vaha candragupta mauryake samakAlIna nahIM hosake haiN| 'udhara tiloyapaNNati' jaise prAcIna granthoMse pramANita hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIrajIke nirvANa kAlase 215 varSe ( pAlakavaMza 60 1-tilloyapaNNati gA0 72-74 / 2-zrutAvatAra kathA pR0 13 va aMgapaNati gA0 43-44 / 3-si mA0, bhA0 1 ki. 1-4 1 zravaNa be0 pR. 15-40|4-jvimosro0 bhA0 1 pR. 116 /

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204] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / varSa+nandavaMza 155) bAda mauryavaMzakA abhyudaya huA thaa| zvetAMpara paTTAvaliyoMse samrATa candraguptakA vIra nirvANase 219 varSa bAda I0 pU0 326 yA 325 ke navambara mAsameM siMhAsanArUr3ha honA pragaTa hai| isa prakAra candraguptakA rAjyArohaNa kAla jo 326 I0 50 anyathA mAnA jAtA hai, vaha jaina zAstroMke manasAra bhI ThIka baiThatA hai / ataeva thI bhadrabAhu svAmIkA mastitva I0 pU0 383 thA 369 ke bAda mAnanA samucita pratIta hotA hai / maina zAstrose prakaTa hai ki bhadrabAhusvAmIke hI jIvanakAla meM vizAkhAcArya nAmaka prathama dazapUrvI kA bhI astitva rahA thA / isa zlokameM digambara aura zvetAmbara donoM hI saMpradAyake graMthoMse bhadrabAhu aura caMdragupta prAyaH samasAmayika siddha hote haiN| pahileke cAra zrutakevaliyoMke viSayameM digambara jaina zAstroMmeM bhadrabAhukA critr| .., kucha bhI vizeSa varNana nahIM milatA hai| hAM, bhadrabAhuke viSayameM unameM kaI kathAyeM milatI haiN| zrI hariSeNake 'vRhatkathAkoSa (san 931 ) meM likhA 1-vipa0 gA0 95-96 / 2-iai0 bhA0 11 pR. 251 / 3-digambara jainapranyose pragaTa hai ki bhadrabAhusvAmI candragupta sahita kaTiparva nAmaka parvatapara raha gaye the aura vizAkhAcAryake AdhipatyameM jainasaMgha coladezako calA gayA thaa| udhara zvetAmbaroMkI bhI mAnyatA hai ki madravAhu apane antima jIvanameM nepAlameM jAkara ekAntavAsa karane lage the aura sthUlabhadra pAdhIza the| (pari0pR0 87-90) ataH nissaMdeha bhagavAhujIke jIvanakAlameM hI unake uttarAdhikArI honA aura unakA I. pU. 383 ke vAdataka jIvita rahanA ucita jaMcatA hai| 19 varSa taka ve paTTapara rahe pratIta hote hai aura phira munizAsaka yA upadezaka -rUpameM zeSa jIvana vyatIta kiyA vidita hotA hai| 4-jaizisaM0 pR0.66 / - -

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212] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / / aura vaha inakA gotra prAcIna vatalAte haiM; no bilakula azrutapUrva hai aura usakA svayaM unake granthoM meM manyatra kahIM patA nahIM calatA hai| varAhamihirakA astitva I0sake prArambhase pramANita hai| isa avasthAmeM zvetAMbaroM kI mAnyatAke anusAra bhadrabAhukA samaya bhI jyAdAse jyAdA IsvIke prArambhameM ThaharatA hai| jo sarvathA asaMbhava hai| mAlama aisA hotA hai ki prathama bhadrabAhu aura dvitIya bhadrabAhu donoMko eka vyakti mAnakara dvitIya bhadrabAhakI jIvana ghaTanAoM ko prathama mahubAhuke jIvana meM jA ghuser3anekI bhArI bhUla karate hai| kalpasUtra' inhIM bhadrabAhukA racA yahA jAtA hai| bhAvazyakasUtra, uttarAdhyayanasutra, mAdikI niruktiyAM bhI inhIMkI likhI mAnI jAtI haiM; kiMtu vaha bhI I0ke prArambhameM hue bhadrabAhukI racanAyeM pragaTa hotI haiM, jaise ki mahAmahopAdhyAya DA. satIzacaMdra vidyAbhUSaNa mAnate hai| mAlUma yaha hotA hai ki zvetAmbaroMko yA to bhadragAha zrutakevalIkA vizeSa paricaya jJAta nahIM thA athavA vaha jAnabUjhakara unakA varNana nahIM karanA cAhate haiN| kyoMki zrutakevalI bhadrabAhune usa saMghameM bhAga aura phira upadezaka rUpameM rahe hone / zve. mAnyatAle unakI Ayu 126 varSa pragaTa hai / yadi unheM 40 varSakI usameM bhAcArya pada milA mAneM to 65 varSakI AyumeM ve AcArya padase alaga huye pragaTa hote haiN| zepa bhAyu unane munivata vitAI thI aura isa kAlameM ve caMdraguptakI sevAko pA sake : 1-jaisA0 mA01 vIra paM0 pR0 5 va pari0 pR0 58 // 2-usU0 bhUmikA pR0 13 / 3-DaoN. satIzacaMdra vidyAbhUSaNane hAvI prArambhameM barAhamihirakA mastIla mAnA hai (jaihi0 bhA08 10 5:2) kintu kanai mAdI chaThI zatAbdIkA mAnate hai / 4-hiSTI mApha meDipila iNDIyana lAjika, jaihi* bhA0 8 pR0 532 /

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250] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| isI prakAra vRSalakA sAdhAraNa artha grahaNa karanA anucita hai| phira yaha masaMbhava hai ki cANakya ke samAna samajhadAra vyakti, apane usa kapAmAjanake prati aise kSudra zabdakA prayoga kara use lajita kare, jo eka bar3e sAmrAjyakA yogya zAsana thA aura jisakI bhrakuTi jarA Ter3hI honepara kisIko apane prANa bacAnA durbhara hojAtA thaa| phira cANakya to svayaM likhatA hai ki durbala rAjAko bhI na kucha samajhanA bhUla hai| asala bAta yaha hai ki cANakya 'vRSala zabdakA vyavahAra mAdara rUpameM magadhake rAnAke arthameM-isaliye karatA thA ki isase usake usa prayatnakA mahatva pragaTa hotA thA jo usane candraguptako magadhakA rAjA banAne meM kiyA thA aura isakI smRti usake AnandakA kAraNa honA prAkRta ThIka hai| mudrArAkSasake brAhmaNa TIkAkArane sAmpradAyika dveSavaza candraguptako zUdanAta likha mArA hai; varan svayaM hindu purANoM meM caMdraguptake zUda honekA koI patA nahIM cAtA hai| 'viSNupurANa meM unako nandendu arthAt 'nada-caMdra' (gupta), bhaviSyapurANameM 'maurya-naMda' aura bauddhoMke 'divyAvadAna' meM kevala 'nanda' likhA hai| ina ullekhoMse caMdraguptakA kucha saMbaMdha naMdavaMzase pragaTa hotA hai| koI vidvAn 'mudrArAkSasa' se bhI yaha saMbaMdha pragaTa hotA likhate haiM, kintu ina ullekhoMse bhI candraguptakA zUdrAnAta 1-'durvalo'pi rAjAnAvamantavyaH nAstyagne daurbalyam / 2-adhaH pR. 6 6 hiDrAyaH pari0 pR0 71...aura rAi0 bhA0 1 pR0 60-61 bhAda. pR. 62 / 3-javiomo0 mA0 1 pR0.16 phuTanoTa / 4-hiDAva0, bhUmikA pR0 11-18 va agha0 pR||

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maurya saamraajy| [221 honA siddha nahIM hai / jaina lekhaka to spaSTa rItise candraguptako kSatriya kahate haiN| hemacandrAcAyane 'mayUrapoSaka' prAmake netAkI putrIko candraguptakI mAtA likhA hai| kiMtu isase bhAva 'mora pAlanevAle' ke lagAnA anyAya hai| pratyuta isa ullekhase purANoM ke uparoka ullekhoMkA spaSTIkaraNa huA dRSTi par3atA hai| saMbhavataH naMda rAjAkI eka rAnI mayUrapoSaka dezake netAkI putrI thI aura usIse candraguptakA janma huA thaa| jaba zUdrAnAta mahApadmane naMda rAjyapara Adhipatya jamA liyA to candragupta apanI nanasAlameM jAkara rahane lagA ho to asaMgata hI kyA hai ? vahIMpara cANakyakI usase meTa huI hogii| jaina zAstroM meM eka mauryAkhya dezakA astitva mahAvIrasvAmIse pahalekA milatA hai / vahA~ke eka kSatriya putra-mauryaputra bhagavAnake 1-jaisibhA0 bhA0 1 ki0 4 pR0 19; bhAi.0 62 va rAi0 bhAga 1 pR. 6. / 2-'mayUrapoSakaprAme tasmizca caNinandana. / prAvizatkaNabhikSArtha parivrAjakaveSabhRt // 23 // mayUrapoSakamahattarasya duhitustadA / amRdApanasattvAyAzcandrapAnAya dohada. // 231-8 // " ityAdi / zrI hemacandrake isa kathanase candraguptako 'moroMko pAlanevAlekI kanyAkA putra' likhanA ThIka nahIM hai; jaba ki vaha prAmakA nAma mayUra poSaka likha rahe hai / mi0 barodiyA (hilijai0 pR. 44) aura unake anusAra mi. haivela (hiAi0 pR0 66) ne 'mayUrapoSaka' kA zabdArtha hI pragaTa kiyA hai| 3-DaoN. vimalAcaraNa laoN. nandarAjAkA vivAha vippalivanake moriya (maurya) kSatriyoM kI rAjakumArIse humA samajhate haiN| dekho kSatrIlensa0 pR0 2051

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www 222] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / gaNaghara bhI the| udhara 'mahAvaMza' nAmaka bauddha graMthase pragaTa hI hai ki 'candragupta himAlaya parvatake AsapAsake eka dezakA, jo pippalivanameM thA aura mora pakSiyoMkI adhikatAke kAraNa maurya rAjya kahalAtA thA, eka kSatriya rAjakumAra thaa| hemacandrAcAryakA mayUrapoSaka grAma, digambara jainoM mauryAkhya deza aura cauddhoke moriya (maurya) kSatriyoM kA pippalivanavAlA pradeza eka hI pratIta hote haiM aura isa prakAra yaha spaSTa hai ki candragupta isa dezakI apekSA hI maurya kahalAtA thA / aimA hI maikakrinDalakA lekha hai| candraguptakA vAlyajIvana mauryAkhyadezakI apekSA adhikatara banda vAya. magadhadezameM vyatIta huA thA / taba moriya jIvana (maurya) kSatriyoMkI rAjadhAnI pippalIvana thii| ina logoMmeM bhI usa samaya gaNarAjya praNAlIke DhaMgapara rAjya prabaMdha hotA thaa| yahI kAraNa pratIta hotA hai ki hemacaMdrAcArya ne mayUra- ' poSaka dezake eka netAkA ullekha kiyA hai| unake use vahAMkA rAjA nahIM likhA hai| kintu mahApadma nandane inheM bhI apane mAdhIna banA liyA thA aura eka maurya kSatrI unakA senApati bhI rahA thA, yadyapi mantameM unhoMne use aura usakI santAnako maravA DAlA thaa| mahApadmake AdhIna rahane huye maurya kSatrI sukhI nahIM rahe the| candraguptake bhI prANa sadaiva saMkaTameM rahate the, kyoMki naMda rAnAko usase svabhAvataH bhaya honA anivArya thA; kiMtu caMdraguptakI vidhavA mAtAne unakI rakSA bar3I tatparatAse' kI -vRjeza pR07| 2-mahAvaMza-TIkA siMhalIyAvRtti) pR0 119... / 3-mAi0. pR069| ' simI bhA0 1 ki0 4 pR. 21 //

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maurya sAmrAjya / [223 thii| phalataH jisasamaya caMdragupta yuvAvasthAmeM padArpaNa kara rahe the, usasamaya unakA samAgama cANakyase humA, jo naMdarAnA dvArA apamAnita hokara usase apanA badalA cukAnekI dRr3ha pratijJA kara cukA thaa| cANakya ke sAtha rahakara caMdragupta zastra-zAstra meM pUrNa dakSa hogayA aura vaha deza-videzoMmeM bhaTakatA phirA thA, isase usakA anubhava bhI khUba var3hA thaa|jo ho, isase yaha prasTa hai ki candraguptA prAraMbhIka jIvana bar3A hI zocanIya tathA vipattipUrNa thaa| jisasamaya cadragupta magadhakke rAjya siMhAsanapara mArUr3ha huye rAja-tilaka aura usa samaya vaha paccIsa varSake eka yuvaka the| rAjyavRddhi / unakI isa yuvAvasthA vIrocita aura bhArata hitakA bhanupama jhArya yaha thA ki unhoMne apane dezako videzI yUnAniyoMkI parAdhInatAse chur3A diyaa| sacamuca candragupta ke aise hI dezahita sambandhI kArya use bhAratake rAjanaitika raMgamaMcapara eka pratiSThita mahAvIra aura saMptArake samrAToMkI prathama zreNIkA samrATa pragaTa karate haiM / 'yogyatA, vyavasthA, vIratA aura sainya saMcAlanameM candragupta na kevala apane samaya meM advitIya thA, varan saMsArake itihApsameM bahuta thor3e aise zAsaka huye haiM, jinako usake barAvara kahA nAsakA hai| magadhake rAjya prAta karaneke sAtha hI naMda rAnAkI virATa senA uptake AdhIna huI thii| candraguptane usa vipulavAhinIkI vRddhi kI thii| usakI senA meM tIsa hajAra ghuDasavAra, nau hanAra hAthI, chai lAkha paidala aura bahusaMkhyaka ratha the| aisI durgaya . 1-baukhoke 'artha kathAkoSa' meM bhI yaha ullekha hai / jaisi mA0 pUrva pR0 21 / lAmAi0, mA0 pR. 142 / 3-ahiM0 pR. 24 / -

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224] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / senAkI sahAyatAse usane samasta uttara bhAratake rAjAmoMko jIta liyA thA / usake siMhAsanArUr3ha hone ke pahale uttarI bhAratameM hI choTe 2 bahutase rAjA the, jo ApatameM lar3A karate the| dhIre dhIre candraguptane una sabako apane adhikArameM kara liyA aura usake sAmrAjyakA vistAra vagAlako khADIse marava-samudra taka hogyaa| isa prakAra " vaha zRGkhalAvaddha aitihAsika yugakA pahalA rAjA hai, jise bhArata samrAT kaha sakate haiM / mahIsUra prAMtakI arvAcIna mAnyatAoMse pragaTa hai ki usa prAMtapara naMdavaMzakA mI adhikAra thaa| yadi yaha dkssinn-vijy| cAta ThIka mAnI jAya to naMdavaMzake uttarAdhikArI candragupta mauryakA adhikAra bhI ina dezoMmeM honA yuktisaMgata hai| vAmila bhASAke prAcIna sAhityameM anekoM ullekha haiN| jinase spaSTa hai ki mauryone dakSiNa bhAratapara mAkramaNa kiyA thA aura usameM ve saphala huye the| kintu isase yaha nizcaya pUrvaka nahIM kahA jA saktA ki dakSiNa bhAratakI yaha vijaya caMdragupta maurya dvArA hI huI thI athavA usake putra aura uttarAdhikArI bindusArane dakSiNa pradeza apane AdhIna kiyA thaa| parantu yaha vidita hai ki candraguptakA pautra azoka jaba siMhAsanapara baiThA, taba yaha dakSiNa deza usake sAmrAjya meM zAmila thaa| jaina mAnyatAke anusAra candraguptakA sAmrAjya dakSiNa bhArata taka honA pramANita hai| 1-bhAi0 pR0 62 12-oNhii0 pR0 4|3-shrvnn0 pR0 38 / / 4-mamamA smA0 pR. 205 va jarAeso; 1928, pR. 135 /

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maurya sAmrAjya [225 jisasamaya candragupta bhAratameM ukta prakAra eka zaktizAlI silyUkasa nAike- kAndraka zAsana sthApita karane meM saMlagna thA. Tarase yuddh| usI samaya pazcimIya madhya aiziyAmeM sikaMdara mahAnkA silyUkasa nAikeTara nAmaka eka senApati apanA adhikAra jamAnekA prayAsa kara rahA thaa| usane bar3I saphalatAse siriyA, eziyA mAinara aura pUrvIya pradezoMko hastagata kara liyA thaa| usane bhAratako bhI phirase jItanA cAhA aura 305 I0 pu0 meM sindhu nadI pAra kara AyA / candraguptakI ajeya senAne usakA sAmanA kiyaa| pahilI hI muThabher3ameM silyUkasakI senA pichar3a gaI aura use dabakara saMdhi kara lenI pdd'ii| isa saMdhika anumAra siMdhu , nadIke pazcimI suboM-bilocistAna aura aphagAnistAnako cadra guptane apane rAjyameM milA liyaa| silyUkasa 500 hAthI lekara saMtuSTa hogayA / usane apanI beTI bhI candraguptako vyAha dii| isa vijayase cadragupta kA gaurava aura mAna videzoMmeM bar3ha gyaa| silyUkasakA dUta usake rAjadarabArameM Akara rahane lagA aura usake samparkase bhAratakA mahattvazAlI paricaya aura tAtvika jJAna videziyoMko humA / paraho (Pyraho) nAmaka eka yUnAnI tatvavettA jaina zramaNoMse zikSA grahaNa karaneke liye yahAM calA AyA aura vyApArakI bhI khUba unnati huI / candragupta ke isa sAmrAjya vistArake apUrva kArya aura phira use vyavasthita bhAvase eka sUtra meM bAMdha rakhanese usakI adabhuta tejasvitA, tatparatA aura buddhimattAkA paricaya milatA hai| sAdhAraNa avasthAse uThakara vaha eka mahAn samrATa 1-bhAi. pR0 62-63 / 2-higlI0 pR042 va lAma0 pR0 34 // 15

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226] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / hogayA, yaha usake adamya puruSArtha aura karmaThatAkA pramANapatra hai| silyUkasakI orase jo dUta maurya darabAra meM AyA thA, vaha megAsthanIja nAmase vikhyAt thaa| vaha kaI zAsana-pravandha / - varSAMtaka candraguptake darabArameM rahA thA aura bar3A vidvAna thA / usane usasamayakA pUrA vRtAnta likhA hai / vaha candraguptako yogya aura tejasvI zAsaka batalAtA hai| usake vRttAMta evaM kauTilyake arthazAstrase candraguptake zAsana-prabandha aura usa samayakI sAmAjika sthitikA acchA patA calatA hai| rAjyakA zAsana paMcAyatoM dvArA hotA thA; yadyapi pratyeka prAnta bhinna 2 gavarnaroke mAdhIna thaa| ina prAMtika madhicAriyoko cha paMcAyatoM dvArA rAjyamabandha karanA par3atA thaa| 'eka paMcAyata prajAke janmamaraNakA hisAba rakhatI thii| dUsarI Taiksa yAnI cuMgI vasula karatI thii| tIsarI dastakArIkA prabaMdha karatI thii| cauthI videzIya logoMkI dekhabhAla karatI thii| pAMcavIM vyApArakA prabaMdha karatI thii| aura chaThI dastakArIkI cIjoM ke vikrayakA prabaMdha karatI thii| kucha videzIya loga bhI pATaliputra meM rahate the| unakI suvidhAke liye alaga niyama banA diye gaye the|" pATaliputra usa samaya eka bar3A samRddhizAlI nagara thaa| aura vaha maurya samrATakI rAjadhAnI thii| taba yaha nagara 'sona aura gaMgAke saMgamapara 9 mIlakI lambAI aura 13 mIla caur3AI meM batA thaa| imaprakAra vaha vartamAna paTanAkI tAha laMcA, sakIrNa aura samAtara-caturbhunAkAra thaa| usake cAroM ora 1-mAi0 pR. 63 rAjadhAna /

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- maurya sAmrAjya / [227 eka lakar3IkI dIvAra thii| isameM 64 phATaka aura 670 mInAra the| isake bAhara 200 gaja cauDI aura 15 gana gaharI khAI thI, jo sonake jalase bharI rahatI thii| vartamAna paTanA nagarake nIce yaha prAcIna pATaliputra tupA par3A hai| bAMkIpurake nikaTameM khudAI karanese caMdragupta ke rAjaprAsAdakA kucha aMza milA hai| yaha rAnabhavana bhI lakar3IkA banA humA thA, paraMtu sanadhana aura suMdaratAmeM kisI rAjamahalase kama na thaa| rAjyake zAsana-prabandhaka samAna hI nagarakA pravadha eka myunisipala kamIzana dvArA hotA thaa| isameM bhI chai paMcAyateM thIM aura pratyeka paMcAyatameM pAMca sadasya inake dvArA deza aura nagarakA sucAru aura Adarza prabaMdha hotA thaa| candraguptakA zAsana pravandha Anajhalake prajAtaMtra rAjyoM ke liye zAsana prabandhakI eka anukaraNIya mAdarza thaa| AjAlakI vishesstaayeN| myunisipila kameTiyoMse yadi usakI tulanA kI jAya, to vaha prAcIna prabandha kaI bAto acchA mAlama degaa| candraguptake isa vyavasthita zAsanameM pratyeka manuSya aura pazusakI rakSAkA pUrA dhyAna rakhA jAtA thaa| kauTilapake arthazAstrame pazu oke bhojana, gauoMke duhane aura dUdha, makkhana AditrI svacchatA ke sambaMdha, niyama diye huye milate haiM / pazuoMko nirdayatA aura corIse bacAne ke niyama savistara diye gaye haiN| eka jaina samrATake liye aisA dayAlu aura udAra prabaMdha karanA sarvathA ucita hai| manuSyoM kI rakSAkA bhI pUrA prabaMdha thaa| vyApAriyo ke liye kaI mar3akeM vanavAI gaI thIM, jinapara musAphirokI rakSAkA pUrA prabandha thaa| 1-meei0 / 2-lAmAi0 pR. 167 / -

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28] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / bhAratakI sImAse pATaliputrataka rAjamArga banA huA thaa| yaha mArga zAyada puSkalAvatI (gAndhArakI rAjadhAnI) se takSazilA hokara jhalama, vyAsa, satalaja, jamanAko pAra karatA hubhA tathA hastinApura, kannauja aura prayAga hotA huA pATaliputra pahuMcatA thaa| sar3akoMkI dekhabhAlakA vibhAga alaga thA x durbhikSakI vyavasthA ucca nyAyAlaya karate the / jo anna sarakArI bhaNDAroMmeM mAtA thA usakA AdhA bhAga durbhikSake dinoMke liye surakSita rakkhA jAtA thA aura majhAra par3anepara isa bhANDArameMse anna bAMTA jAtA thaa| agalI phasalake vIjake liye bhI yahIMse diyA jAtA thaa| candragupta ke rAjyake aMtima kAlameM eka bhISaNa durbhikSa par3A thA / khetoMkI sicAImA purA pravandha rakkhA jAtA thA; jisake liye eka vibhAga alaga thaa| candraguptake kAThiyAvAr3ake zAsaka puSyaguhane giranAra parvatake samIpa 'sudarzana' nAmaka jhIla banavAI thii| choTI bar3I naharoM dvArA sAre dezame pAnI pahuMcAyA jAtA thA / naharA maikamA AvapAzI-kara vasUla karatA thaa| isake atirikta kisAnoMse paidAvArakA cauthAI bhAga vasUla kiyA jAtA thA / AyAta nirvAta bhAdi aura bhI kara prajApara lAgU the| rAjyameM kisI prakArakI anIti na hone pAye, isake liye guptacara vibhAga 1 candraguptane eka guptacara vibhAga sthApita jhyiA ' thaa| nagaroM aura prAMtoMkI samasta ghaTanAoMpara dRSTi rakhanA aura samrATa athavA adhikArI vargako guptarItise sUcanA ___x mAprArA. bhA0 2 pR. 79 / 1-lAbhAi0 pR0 167 / 2-mAi0 pR. 64 / 3-jarAelo0 san 1891 pR. 47 /

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238] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / Adhunika vidvAna bhI mAnya ThaharAte haiN|' bhadrabAhu zrutakevalIse caMdraguptane dIkSA grahaNa kI thI aura unakA dIkSita nAma muni pramAcaMdra thaa| inhoMne apane guru bhadrabAhuke sAtha dakSiNako gamana kiyA thA aura zravaNavelagolameM inane samAdhipUrvaka svarga lAma kiyA thaa| isa spaSTa aura joradAra mAnyatA ke samakSa caMdraguptako jana na mAnakara zaiva mAnanA, satyakA galA ghoMTanA hai / hindu zAstroMmeM avazya unake jaina sAdhu honekA pragaTa ullekha nahIM hai; parantu hiMdU zAstra unheM eka zUdAnAta likhanekA dussAhasa karate haiM; vaha kisa vAtakA dyotaka hai ? yadi caMdragupta jaina nahIM the, to unhoMne eka kSatrI rAnAko akAraNa varNa-zaMkara kyo likhA? isa varNanameM sAMpadAyika dveSa sApha Tapaka rahA hai jaise ki vidvAn mAnate haiM aura isa taraha bhI caMdraguptA nena honA pragaTa hai| koI vidvAn unake nRzaMsa daMDa vidhAna Adipara Apatti karate haiM aura yaha kriyA eka jana samra ke liye ucita nahIM smjhte| kintu unA daNDavidhAna kaThina hote huye bhI banIti pUrNa aura manAAdhIna eka hajAra rAjA ho| candragata maurya aise hI pratApI rAjA the| zilAlekhIya sAkSI I0 unake prArambhika kAlakI hai / (dekho. zravaNa pR0 25-40 va jaisimA0 bhA0 ) / 1-ahii0 pR. 154, maisUra eNDa kurga-rAisa, mA0 1: hivi0 mA0 5 pR0 156; irii0-candragutaH kahida0 mA0 1 pR. 484 aura pAije0 pu0 20-25, hiAi. pR0 59 anIjaga aura sI bhI pheya . bhAva azoka pR. 23 va javioso bhA0 3 0 / 2-jaisimA0 mA0 1 ki02-3-4 va kaihii. bhA01 pR0 485 / 3-rAi0 mA0 1 pR0 61 / 4-lAmAha* pR0 153 /

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246] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / yadyapi I0 pU0 277 meM bhAgayA, paraMtu usakA rAjyAbhiSeka isake cAra varSa bAda san 273 I0 pU0 meM humA thaa| ina cAra varSoM taka vaha yuvarAjake rUpameM rAjya zAsana karatA rahA thaa| isa madadhi taka rAnatilaka na honekA kAraNa koI vidvAn usakA bar3e mAIse jhagar3A honA anumAna karate haiM; paraMtu yaha bAta ThIka nahIM hai| mAlama aisA hotA hai ki usa samaya arthAta san 277 I. pU0 meM azokakI avasthA karIba 21-22 varSakI thI aura prAcIna prathA yaha thI ki jabataka rAjyakA uttarAdhikArI 29 varSakI avasthAkA na hojAya tabataka usakA rAjatilaka nahIM hosakA thA yadyapi vaha rAjyazAsana karanekA adhikArI hotA thaa| isI prathAke anurUpa jainasamrAT khAravelakA bhI rAjya mabhiSeka kucha varSe rAjyazAsana yuvarAjapadase kara cukane para 25 varSako avasthAme humA g| mazokake saMbaMdhameM bhI yahI kAraNa ucita pratIta hotA hai| jaba vaha 25 varSake hogaye taba unakA abhiSeka san 273 I. pU0 meM huaa| aura unakA madabhuta rAjya zAsana sana 236 I0 pU0 taka kuzalatA pUrvaka calA thaa| vindusArake samayameM azoka uttara pazcimIya sImA prAnta aura azopha takSazilA va pazcimI bhAratakA suvedAra raha cukA thaa| . ujjanIkA suuvedaar| ina pradezoMkA usane aise acche DhaMgase zAsana-prabaMdha kiyA thA ki isake suprabandha aura yogyatAkA sikA 1-koI vidvAna vindusArakI mRtyu san 273 I0 pU0 aura mazokakA rAjyAbhiSeka sana 269 I0pU0 mAnate hai / (mAi0 pR0 67-68) 2-lAbhAi0, pR0 170 / -avimoso0 bhA0:3 pR. 438 / 4-javibhoso. bhA0 ! pR0 116 /

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- 254] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / naina ahiMsA hai jo hara hAlatameM prANIvapakI virodhI hai aura eka vyaktiko pUrNa zAkAhArI banAtI hai| usa samaya vaidika matAvalaMbiyomeM mAMsabhojanakA bahupacAra thA aura bauddhaloga bhI usase parahena nahIM rakhate the| ma0 buddhane kaI vAra mAMsabhojana kiyA thA aura vaha mAMsa khAsa unake liye hI lAyA gayA thaa| ataeva azokakA pUrNa nirAmiSa bhojI honA hI usako jaina batalAne ke lie paryApta hai| isa avasthAmeM use janmase hI jainadharmazA zraddhAnI mAnanA anucita nahIM hai| jaina granthoMmeM usakA ullekha hai aura jainokI yaha bhI mAnyatA hai ki zravaNavelagolAmeM candragiripara usane apane pitAmahakI pavitrasmRtimeM caMdravastI mAdi jaina maMdira banavAye the| ___rAjAbalIkathA meM usakA nAma bhAskara likhA hai aura use apane pitAmaha va bhadrabAhu svAmIke samAdhisthAnakI vaMdanAke liye zravaNavelgola AyA batAyA hai| (jaizi saM0, bhUmikA Ta061) apane uparAnta jIvanameM mAlUma par3atA hai ki azokane udAravRtti grahaNa karalI thI aura usane apanI svAdhIna zikSAoMkA pracAra karanA prAraMbha kiyA thA jo mukhyataH jaina dhamake anusAra thii| yahI kAraNa pratIta hotA hai ki jaina graMthoMmeM usake zeSa jIvanakA hAla nahIM hai| jaina dRSTise vaha vainayika-rUpameM mithyAtva grasita huA kahA jAsakA hai; parantu usakI zikSAoMmeM mainatva kUTara kara bharA huA milatA hai| usane pauDoM, brAhmaNoM aura bhAjIvikoMke sAtha - 1-bhamavu0 pR0 17. / 2-rAjAvalIkathA aura pariziSTa parva. (pR. 87) 3-hivi0 bhA0 7 pR0 150 /

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maurya saamraajy| [255 manoMko bhI bhulAyA nahIM thA, yaha bAta usake zilAlekhoMse spaSTa hai|' pro0 phanake samAna bauddha dharmake prakhara vidvAn azokakA jaina honA bahuta kucha saMbhava mAnate haiM aura mi0 ajaina saakss| TaoNmasane to joroMke sAtha unako jaina dharmAnuyAyI pragaTa kiyA hai| mi0 rAisa aura prAcya vidyA mahArNava paM0 nAgendranAtha vasu bhI azokako eka samaya jaina pragaTa karate haiN| yaha bAta bhI nahIM hai ki kevala Adhunika vidvAna hI azokako pahile jainadharmakA zraddhAnI pragaTa karate hoM; balki mAnase bahuta pahileke bhAratIya lekhaka bhI unakA jainI honA siddha karate haiN| 'rAjatarigaNI meM likhA hai ki azokane jina zAsanakA uddhAra yA pracAra kAzmIrameM kiyA thaa| 'jinazAsana' spaSTataH jainadharmakA dyotaka hai; kintu vidvAna ise bauddha dharmake liye prayukta huA batalAte haiN| hamArI samajhase "bauddhadharma" meM 'nina' zabdakA vyavahAra avazya milatA hai, kintu jainadharmameM jaisI pradhAnatA isa zabdako milI huI hai, vaisI bauddha dharmameM nhiiN| isa zabdakI apekSA hI jaba jainadharmakA nAmakaraNa huA hai, taba vaha zabda isI dharmakA dyotaka mAnA jA saktA hai| 'rAjatariNI meM manyatra kAzamIrake rAjA meghavAhanako 1-jamIso0 mA0 17 pR0 275 / 2-iai0 mA020 pR. 243 / 3-jarAeso. bhA0 9 pR0 155-191 / 4-maisUra eNDa kurga dekho|| 5-hivi0 bhA0 2 pR. 350 / 6-'yaH zAntavRjino rAjA prapatro jinazAsanam / zuSkale'tra vitastAtrau tastAra bhUmaNDale ||raajtriNgnnii 01 7-dahikvA0 mA0 3 pR. 475-476 /

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262] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| . samajhAte haiM aura khUba jJAna gudar3I lagatI hai| mAlUma hotA hai ki azokane apanI dharmayAtrAyokA DhAMcA janasaMghake Adarzapara nirmita kiyA thaa| (7) sarva prANiyokI rakSA, saMyama, samAcAraNa aura mArdava ( savabhUtAna achati, saMyama, samacariyaM, mAdavaM ca ) dharmakA pAlana karanekI zikSA azokane manuSyoMko parabhava sukhake liye samucita rItyA dI thii| jainadharmameM ina niyamoMkA vidhAna milatA hai| samAcaraNa vahAM vizeSa mahatva rakhatA hai| jaina muniyoMkA AcaraNa 'samAcAra rUpa aura dharma sAmyabhAva kahA gayA hai| sarva prANiyoMkI rakSA, saMyama aura mArdava mainoMki dharmake duza agoMmeM milate haiN|' (4) mazoka kahate hai ki 'ekAnta-dharmAnurAga, vizeSa mAtmaparIkSA, bar3I suzrUSA, bar3e bhaya aura mahAna utsAhake binA aihika aura pAralaukika donoM uddezya durlabha haiN| nainoko isa zikSAse kucha bhI virodha nahIM hosakA / zrAvakake liye ,dharmadhyAnakA abhyAsa karanA upAdeya hai aura bhAtmaparIkSA karanA-pratikramaNakA niyamita -adha0 pR0 250-trayodaza shi| 2-samadA sAmAcArI sammAcArI samo va aacaaro| samvetihi sammANa sAmAnAro du AcAro // 23 // 4 // muulaa| athavA.-"cArita khala ghammo, dhammo jo so samoti NihiToga moharakhoha vihINo, pariNAmo mappaNo hi vamo // pravacanasAra / 3-"saMtImaipa majjava lApavAtava ajamo mcidaa| taha hoi bAcera saca cAmo ya dakha-dhammA 752 ||-muuttaa| 4-agha* pR0 10-prathama staMbhalekha / 5-aSTapAhA pR0 14 (9 211 va 3

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268] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / aura TanhI snumAra samatI bar3hatI rUpameM saMsArI nIti niviSa meda hI huye haiN|' (3) jIvandakA vyavahAra prathama zilAlekha huA hai| jainadharma meM 'nIca' mAna tatvoMne prayama tatva mAnA gayA hai|' (1) zramaNa rada hanIya va panya zilAlekhoma milatA hai| mana mAnora mana dharma kamazaH zramaNa aura zramaNadharma nAgase paricita hai| (9) mANa anArambha gana tRtIya zilAlekha hai| nAma yaha pada paniroSa rUpameM "pANarammarUpame milatA hai| (6) bhUta zabda caturtha zizArekhameM prayukta huA hai / bhena chAloMmeM nIva mAya isa dizA bhI dhyavahAra humA milatA hai| 1-pacara pAnA manAciyA pani yasamA / ganasamApo bhagavAna mAnA // 5 // prayacanamA / - dhigama mana ... / -magAra .118mara kaa| NAL RI mAni bhI / kAma mehara nain. "- IPI II Intra. maga.. 204 15: jIpa, pANa, bhUta aura sAta mahA zipAI WE AR(S. B. EP. IG XII ) isa para bhara pANa-gayA-trIyA-masAla TRA deza ko wr ki rr H morina ina RTREE AART HTET RET m. * Priti sosA, artan (ti. DR. ARAT 2 * FREE cer * me saMga m

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- 276 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / nahIM lete haiN| isI taraha jaina zAstroMmeM mokSa hI manuSyakA aMtima dhyeya batAyA gayA hai, para azoka usakA bhI ullekha nahIM karate haiM / kintu unakA mokSake viSayameM kucha bhI na kahanA jana dRSTise ThIka hai; kyoMki vaha jAnate the ki isa jamAne meM koI bhI yahA~se usa parama padako nahIM pAtA hai aura vaha yahAke logoM ke liye dharmArAdhana karanekA upadeza derahe haiN| vaha kaise una bAtoM kA upadeza de athavA ullekha kareM jisako yahAke manuSya ima kAlameM pAhI nahIM sake haiN| jaina zAstra spaSTa kahate haiM ki pacamakAlameM (vartamAna samayama) koI bhI manuSya-cAhe vaha zrAvaka ho athavA muni mojha lAma nahIM kara sakA / vaha svargoMke sukhoMko pAsakA hai| phira eka yaha bAta bhI vicAraNIya hai ki mazoka kevala dharmArAdhanA karane para jora derahA hai aura yaha kArya zubharUpa tathApi puNya padAyaka hai / jaina zAstrAnusAra isa zubha kAryakA phala svarga sukha hai| isI kAraNa azokane logoMko svarga-prApti karanekI ora AkRSTa kiyA hai| usake batAye hue dharma kAryoMse sivAya svarga sukhake aura kucha mila hI nahI saktA thaa| (9) kRta aparAdhako azoka kSamA kara dete the, kevala isa zartapara ki aparAdhI svayaM upavAsa va dAna kare athavA usake saMbaMdhI vasA kre| hama dekha cuke haiM ki jaina zAstroM meM prAyazcittako vizeSa mahatva diyA humA hai| gahIM, nindA, mAlocanA aura pratikramaNa 1-jamIyo0 mA017 . 271 / 2-ajjadhi tiravaNasuddhA appA' jhAeci lahai idattaM / loyatiyadevatta tasya cuANibuditi // 4 // aSTa. pR0 338 3-dhammeNa pariNadappA, appA adi subasampayoga judo| pAvadi NivyANasuha, suhovajutto va saggasaI // 11 ||-prvcnsaar TIkA mA0 1 pR. 3 | 4-stambha lekha 7 va jameso. mA0 15 pR0 270 //

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278 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | hamArI mAnyatA meM kucha bAdhA nahIM AtI; azokakA nAmollekha taka jaina zAstroM meM na hotA to bhI koI ine hI nahIM thaa| kyoMki hama jAnate hai ki pahileke jaina lekhakoMne itihAsakI ora vizeSa rItile vyAna nahIM diyA thaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki khAravela mahAmeghavAhana jaise dharmaprabhAvaka jaina samrATkA nAma nizAna taka jaina zAstroMmeM nahIM milatA / yataH azokapara mainavarmA vizeSa prabhAva janmase paDA mAnanA aura vaha eka samaya zrAvaka the, yaha pragaTa karanA kucha anucita nahIM hai| unake zAsanalekhoke stambha Adipara jaina cihna milate haiM / siMha aura hAthI ke cihna jainoMke nikaTa vizeSa mAnya haiM / ' bhazokake staMbhoM para siMhakI mUrti banI huI milatI hai aura yaha usa DhaMgapara hai, jaise ki anya jaina stambhoM meM milatI hai| yaha bhI unake jainatvakA dyotaka hai / kiMtu hamArI yaha mAnyatA Analake adhikAMza vidvAnoMke azokako bauddha matake viruddha hai / Ajakala prAyaH yaha ThIka nahIM hai| sarvamAnya hai ki azoka apane rAjyake narve varSase bauddha upAsaka ho gayA thaa| kiMtu yaha mata pahilese 1 1- ye donoM kramazaH antima aura dUsare tIrthaGkaroMke cinha haiM aura inakI mAnyatA jainomeM vizeSa hai / (vIra* mA0 3 pR0 466-468 ) mi0 TaoNmaeNsane bhI jaina cinhokA mahatva svIkAra kiyA hai aura kuhAUMke jaina staMbhapara siMhakI mUrti aura usakI banAvaTa azokake svambhoM jaisI batAI hai / (jarAeso0 bhA0 9 pR0 161 va 188 phuTanoTa naM0 2 ) takSazilAke jaina stUpoke pAsase jo staMbha nikale hai unapara bhI siMha hai / (takSa0 pR0 73 ) zravaNabelagola ke eka zilAlekha ke prArambhameM hAthIkA cinha haiM / 2 - Iai0 mA0 20 pR0 230 //

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maurya sAmrAjya / [287 darzI rAjA aisA kahate haiM:-mere rAjyameM saba jagaha yukta (choTe karmacArI) rajjuka (kamiznara) aura prAdezika (prAMtIya aphamara) pAMcara varSapara isa kAmake liye arthAt dharmAnuzAsanake liye tathA aura kAmoM ke liye yaha kahate hue daurA kareM ki-" mAtA-pitAkI sevA karanA tathA mitra, paricita, svajAtIya, brAhmaNa aura zramaNako dAna denA acchA hai / jIva hiMga na karanA acchA hai| kama kharca karanA aura kama saMcaya karanA acchA hai|" apane rAjyAbhiSekake 13 varSa bAda bhagokane 'dharma mahAmAtra naye dharmacArI niyukta kiye / ye karmacArI samasta rAjyameM tathA yavana, kAmboja, gAMdhAra ityAdi pazcimI mImApara rahanevAlI jAtiyoMke madhya dharmapracAra karaneke liye niyukta the| yaha padavI bar3I U~cI thI aura isa padapara striyAM bhI niyata tho| dharma mahAmAtrake nIce 'dharmayukta' nAmaka choTe karmacArI bhI the jo unako dharmapracArameM sahAyatA dete the| mazokake 13veM zilAlekhane patA calatA hai ki unhoMne ina dezoMmeM apane dUna athavA upadeza: dharmapracArArtha bheje the / arthAta (1) maurya sAmrAjyake antargata bhinna bhinna pradeza, (2) sAmAjyake sImAnta pradeza aura sImApara rahanabAlI yavana, kAmboja, gAndhAra, rASTrika, pitanika, bhoja, Adhra, ilinda Adi jAtiyoM ke deza; (3) sAmrAjyakI jaMgalI jA'tayoM prAnta, (4) dakSiNI bhAratake svAdhIna rAjya jaise keralaputra, (ce ), matya putra (tulu-kokaNa), cor3a (koromaNDala ), pAMDya (maduga va tinAmlI nile), (6)

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298] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / sAmrAjya chinnabhinna hogayA ! madhya bhArata, gaMgApradeza, AMdhra aura kaliGgadeza punaH apanI svAdhInatA prApta karanekI ceSTA karane lage the| sImAMta pradezoMkA yathocita prabandha na hone ke kAraNa videzIya AkramaNakAriyoMko bhI apanA mabhIe siddha karanekA avasara milA thaa| mauryavaMzakI pradhAna zAkhAkA yadyapi uparokta prakAra ata ho uparAMta kAlake gayA thA, kintu isa zAkhAke vaMzaja jo mantra maurya vaMzaja / prAMtoMme zAsanAdhikArI the, vaha sAmantoMkI taraha magadha aura usake AsapAsa ke pradezoMmeM I0 sAnavIM zatAbdi taka vidyamAna the| I0 7vIM zatAbdimeM eka purANavarmA nAmaka mauyavaMzI rAjAkA ullekha milatA hai| kinhIM anya lekhoMse mauyokA rAjya iMsAkI chaThI, sAtavIM aura AThavIM zatAbditaka kokaNa aura pazcimI bhAratameM rahA pragaTa hai| I0 sana 738 kA eka zilAlekha koya (rAjapUtAnA )ke kaMsavA grAmameM pavala nAmaka mauryavaMzI rAjAkA bhima hai| isase IsAkI mAThavIM zatAbdimeM rAjapUtAne meM mauryavaMza ke sAmaMta rAnAoMkA rAjya honA pragaTa hai| citaur3akA kilA maurya rAjA citrAMga (citrAMgada) kA banAyA humA hai| citrAMga tAlAba mI inhIMkA banAyA humA vahAM maujUda hai| kahate haiM ki mevAr3o guhila vaMzIya rAjA bApA (kAlamonane mAnamorIse cittaur3agar3ha liyA thaa| mAnakala rAjapUtAnemeM koI bhI mauryavaMzI nahIM hai| hA, vahIM khAnadezameM nina maurya rAmAbhoMkA rAjya thA, unake vaMzaja bhavataka dakSiNameM pAye nAte haiM aura more kahalAte haiN| 1-mAha. pR. 75 / 2--mApArA, mA02.1361-kumAra pAsa-prabandha, para -trrrrrent