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________________ jaina Agamadhara aura prAkRta vAGmaya jaina Agamadhara sthavira aura AcArya jainAgamoMmeM vartamAnameM upalabhyamAna dvAdaza aMgoMkI sUtraracanA kAlakramase bhagavAn gaNadharane kI. vIra-nirvANake bAda prArambhika zatAbdiyoMmeM ina AgamoMkA paThana-pAThana pustakoMke AdhAra para nahIM, apitu gurumukhase hotA thA. brAhmaNoMke samAna par3hane-par3hAne vAloMke bIca pitA-putrake sambandhakI sambhAvanA to thI hI nahIM. vairAgyase dIkSita hone vAle vyakti adhikAMzatayA aisI avasthAmeM hote the, jinheM svAdhyAyakI apekSA bAhya tapasyAmeM adhika rasa milatA thA. ataeva guru-ziSyoMkA adhyayanaadhyApanamUlaka sambandha uttarottara virala honA svAbhAvika thA, jaina AcArakI maryAdA bhI aisI thI ki pustakoMkA parigraha bhI nahIM rakhA jA sakatA thA. aisI dazAmeM jainazrutakA uttarottara viccheda honA AzcaryakI bAta nahIM thIM. usakI jo rakSA huI vahI AzcaryakI bAta hai. isa Azcaryajanaka ghaTanAmeM jina zrutadhara AcAryoMkA vizeSa yogadAna rahA hai, jinhoMne na kevala mUla sUtrapAThoMko vyavasthita karanekA prayatna kiyA apitu una sUtroMkI arthavAcanA bhI dI, jinhoMne niyukti Adi vividha prakArakI vyAkhyAeM bhI kI, evaM AnevAlI saMtatike lie zrutanidhirUpa mahattvapUrNa sampatti virAsata rUpase de gaye, una aneka zrutadharokA paricaya denekA prayatna karUMgA. ina zrutadharoMmeM se kucha to aise haiM jinakA nAma bhI hamAre samakSa nahIM AyA hai. yadyapi yaha prayatnamAtra hai-pUrNa saphalatA milanA kaThina hai, tathApi maiM Apako kucha naI jAnakArI karA sakA to apanA prayatna aMzataH saphala mAnUMgA. (1) sudharmasvAmI (vIra ni0 8 meM divaMgata ) - AcAra Adi jo aMga upalabdha haiM * 14-16 aktUbara, san 1961meM zrInagara (kAzmIra )meM huI akhila bhAratIya prAcyavidyApariSadake 'prAkRta aura jainadharma vibhAgake adhyakSa padase prastuta kiyA abhibhASaNa /
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________________ 20] jJAnAMjali ve sudharmasvAmIkI vAcanAnugata mAne jAte haiM. tAtparya yaha hai ki indrabhUti Adi gaNadharoMkI ziSyaparamparA antatogatvA sudharmasvAmIke ziSyoMke sAtha mila gaI hai. usakA mUla sudharmasvAmIkI vAcanAmeM mAnA gayA hai. bhagavatI jaise AgamoMmeM yadyapi bhagavAn mahAvIra aura indrabhUti gautamake bIca hue saMvAda Ate haiM kintu una saMvAdoMkI vAcanA sudharmAne apane ziSyoM ko dI jo paramparAse Aja upalabdha hai- aisA mAnanA cAhie, kyoMki AgamoMke TIkAkAroMne eka svarase yahI abhiprAya vyakta kiyA hai ki tattat AgamakI vAcanA sudharmAne jambUko dI. yadyapi sudharmAkI aMgoMkI vAcanAkA avicchinna rUpa Aja taka surakSita nahIM rahA hai phira bhI jo bhI surakSita hai usakA sambandha sudharmAse jor3A jAtA hai, yaha nirvivAda hai. gaNadharoMke varNanaprasaMgameM sudharmAkI jo prazaMsA AtI hai use svayaM sudharmA to kara nahIM sakate, yaha spaSTa hai. ataeva tattat sUtroM ke prArambhika bhAgakI racanAmeM Agamoke vidyamAna rUpake saMkalanakartAkA hAtha rahA ho to koI Azcarya nahIM. (2) zayyaMbhava (vIra ni0 83 meM divaMgata)-- apane putra manakake lie dazavakAlikakI racanA kara inhoMne jaina zramaNoM ke AcArakA AcArAMgake bAda eka nayA sImAstambha DAlA hai, isakI racanAke bAda itanA mahattva bar3hA ki jaina zramaNoMko prArambhameM jo AcArAMgasUtra par3hAyA jAtA thA unake sthAna para yahI par3hAyA jAne lagA (vyavahArabhASya0 u0 3, gA0 176) itanA hI nahIM, pahale jahA~ AcArAMgake zastraparijJA adhyayanake bAda bhramaNa upasthApanAkA adhikArI hotA thA vahA~ aba dazavaikAlikake cauthe SaDjIvanikAya nAmaka adhyayanake bAda upasthApanAke yogya samajhA gayA (vahI gA0 174). pahale jahAM AcArAMgake dvitIya adhyayanake paMcama uddezagata AmagaMdha sUtrake adhyayanake bAda zramaNa piNDakalpI hotA thA vahA~ aba dazavaikAlikake paMcama piNDaiSaNA nAmaka adhyayanakI vAcanAke bAda zramaNa piNDakalpI hone lagA (vahI, gA0 175). dazavaikAlikasUtra digambaroM ( sarvArthasiddhi 1-20) evaM yApanIyoMko bhI bahuta samaya taka samAna rUpase mAnya rahA hai, yaha bhI isakI vizeSatA hai. (3) prAdezika AcArya - jinake nAmakA to patA nahIM kintu jo vibhinna dezoMmeM AgamokI pravarttamAna vyAkhyAoMke pravartaka rahe unakA paricaya tattaddeza-pradezase sambaddha rUpase milatA hai. ataNva maiMne unheM "prAdezika AcArya"kI saMjJA dI hai. sUtrakRtAMgakI cUrNimeM (patra. 90 ) 'pUrvadignivAsinAmAcAryANAmarthaH. pratIcya-paradinivAsinastvevaM kathayanti' isa prakAra paurastya pAzcAtya evaM dAkSiNAtya AcAryokA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai. . vyavahArasUtrakI cUrNimeM " eke AcAryA lATA evaM brukte -NhANavivajaM varaNevacchaM kIrati. apare AcAryA dAkSiNAtyA bruvate-yugalaM NiyaMsAvijati" isa prakAra dAkSiNAtya aura lATadezameM
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________________ jaina Agamaghara aura prAkRta vAlmaya [21 vicarane vAle AcAryoMkA ullekha milatA hai. kalpacUrNi evaM nizIthacUrNimeM (bhAga 2 patra0 134) bhI lATAcAryakA ullekha prApta hotA hai. yahA~ lATadeza bhagavAn mahAvIrake vihArameM varNita lADhadeza nahIM, kintu gujarAtameM mahInadI aura damaNake bIcake pradezako samajhanA cAhie, jisake pramukha nagara bhRgukaccha (bharuca) aura darbhAvatI (DabhoI) Adi the. bhAratIya vidyAbhavanake AcArya padmazrI muni jinavijayajI sampAdita pustakaprazasti saMgraha pRSTha 107 prazastikramAMka 69 AdimeM " zrI vosari lATadezamaNDale mahIdamunayorantarAle samastavyApArAn paripanthayati" ityAdi ullekha bhI pAye jAte haiM. jinAgamaviSamapadaparyAyameM paMcakalpake viSamapadaparyAyameM "lADaparivADIe lADavAcanAyAmityarthaH" aisA ullekha hai. isI prakAra isI granthameM nizIthasUtrake viSamapadaparyAyameM "lADAcAryAbhiprAyAt . mAdhurAcAryAbhiprAyeNa parao rAIe cintA'smAkam" isa taraha mAthurAcAryakA bhI ullekha pAyA jAtA hai. isI taraha SaTkhaNDAgamakI dhavalA TIkAmeM uttarapatipatti va dakSiNapratipatti rUpase jo do prakArakI pratipattiyoM kA ullekha hai vaha bhI mUlataH tattatpradezake AcAryoko vizeSa rUpase mAnya hone vAlI paramparAkA hI nirdeza hai (SaTkhaNDAgama bhA0 1 bhUmikA pR0 57 tathA bhA0 3 bhUmikA pR0 15). dhavalAkArane inakA jo artha kiyA hai vaha isa prakAra hai ; " esA dakSiNapaDivattI / dakkhiNaM ujjuvaM AyariyaparamparAgadamidi eyaTTho .............esA uttrpddivttii| uttaramaNujjuvaM AyariyaparamparAe NAgadamidi eyttttho||" - SaTkhaNDAgamaH dhavalA, bhA0 5, pR0 32 isase pratIta hotA hai ki dhavalAkArake samakSa dakSiNapratipattikI mAnyatA paramparAgata the| jaba ki uttarapratipatti paramparAgata nahIM thI. (4) pAMca sau AdezoMke sthApaka - sthavira Arya bhadrabAhusvAmIne AvazyakaniyuktikI 1023vIM gAthAmeM "paMcasayAdesavayaNaM va" isa gAthAMzase pAMca sau AdezoM kA nirdeza kiyA hai. AvazyakacUrNikAra zrI jinadAsamahattara tathA vRttikAra zrI haribhadrasUrine " pAMca sau Adeza "ke viSayameM likhA hai ; " arihappavayaNe paMca AdesasatANi. Na vi aMge Na vi uvaMge pADho asthi evaM-marudevA aNAdi-vaNassaikAiyA aNaMtaraM uccaTTittA siddha tti 1 / tahA sayaMbhUramaNamacchANa paumapattANa ya savvasaMThANANi valayasaMThANaM mottuM 2 / karaDa-ukkaraDA ya kuNAlAe ete jadhA tadhA bhaNAmi - karaDaukkaraDANa nigamaNamUle vasahI, devayANukaMpagaM, rudrusu panarasadivasavarisaNaM kuNAlANagariviNAso, tato tatiyavarise sAee Nagare doNha vi kAlakaraNaM, ahesattamapuDhavi kAlaNaragagamaNaM, kuNAlANagariviNAsakAlAo terasame varise mahAvIrasta kevalanANuppattI 3. eyaM abaddhaM." (AvazyakacUrNi bhA0 1 pRSTha 601; haribhadravRttipatra 465) arthAt jina hakIkatoMkA ullekha kisI aMga yA upAMga AdimeM nahIM milatA hai kintu jo sthavira AcAryoMke mukhopamukha calI AI haiM unakA saMgraha " pAca sau Adeza" kahalAtA hai. ina pAMca sau mAdezoMkA koI saMgraha Aja upalabdha
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________________ 22] jJAnAMjali nahIM hai kintu AvazyakacUrNi, vRtti AdimeM idhara-udhara viprakIrNakarUpameM kucha-kucha AdezoMkA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai| (patra 465 tathA bRhatkalpasUtravRtti bhA0 1 patra. 44 Ti0 6). (5) saiddhAntika, kArmagranthikAdi - jaina AgamoMkI paramparAko mAnane vAle AcArya saiddhAntika kahalAte haiM, karmavAdake zAstroke pAramparyako mAnanevAle AcArya kArmagranthika kahe jAte haiM, tarkazAstrakI paddhatise Agamika padArthoMkA nirUpaNa karane vAle sthavira tArkika mAne gaye haiM. jaina Agama Adi zAstroMmeM sthAna-sthAna para inakA ullekha kiyA gayA hai. bhinna-bhinna kula, gaNa AdikI paramparAoMmeM jo-jo vyAkhyAbheda evaM sAmAcArIbheda arthAt AcArabheda the unakA tattat kula, gaNa Adike nAmase " nAilakuliccayANaM AyArAo ADhavettA jAva dasAto tAva Natthi AyaMbilaM, NivItieNaM paDhaMti " (vyavahAracUrNi) isa prakAra dekhA jAtA hai. (6) bhadrabAhusvAmI- (vIra ni0 170 meM divaMgata)--- antima zrutakevalIke rUpameM prasiddha ye AcArya apanI antima avasthAmeM jaba dhyAna karaneke lie nepAladezameM gae the taba vIra saMvat 160 meM zrutako vyavasthita karanekA sarva-prathama prayatna pATalIputrameM huA thA, aisI paramparA hai. gyAraha aMgoMke jJAtA to saMghameM vidyamAna the kintu bArahaveM aMgakA jJAtA pATalIputra meM koI na thA. ataeva saMghakI AjJA zirodhArya kara AcArya bhadrabAhune kucha zramaNoMko bArahaveM aMgakI vAcanA denA svIkAra kiyA, kintu sIkhane vAle zramaNa zrIsthUlabhadrake kutUhalake kAraNa bArahavAM aMga samagrabhAvase surakSita na raha sakA. usake caudaha pUrvomeM se kevala dasa pUrvokI hI paramparA sthUlabhadrake ziSyoM ko milI isa prakAra AcArya bhadrabAhuke bAda koI zrutakevalI nahIM huA kintu dasa pUrvokI paramparA calI arthAt bAraha aMgoM meM se cAra pUrva jitanA aMza vicchinna huA. yahIse uttarottara vicchedanakI paramparA bar3hI. antatogatvA bArahavAM aMga hI lupta ho gayA, evaM aMgoM meM kevala gyAraha aMga hI surakSita rahe. gyAraha aMgomeM se bhI jo praznavyAkaraNasUtra abhI upalabdha hai vaha kisI naI hI vAcanAkA phala hai kyoMki samavAyAMga, nandI Adi AgamoMmeM isakA jo paricaya milatA hai usase yaha bhinna hI rUpameM upalabdha hai. AcArya bhadrabAhune dazA, kalpa aura vyavahAra ina tIna granthokI racanA kI, yaha sarvasammata hai kintu inhoMne nizIthakI bhI racanA kI aisA ullekha kevala paMcakalpa-cUrNikArane hI kiyA hai. phira bhI Aja nizIthasUtrakI khaMbhAtake zrIzAMtinAtha jJAna-bhaNDArakI vi0 saM0 1430meM likhI huI pratimeM tathA vaisI anya pratiyoMmeM isake praNetAkA nAma vizAkhagaNi mahattara batAyA gayA hai. vaha ullekha isa prakAra hai: dasaNa-carittajutto gutto guttIsu sajaNahipasI / NAmeNa visAhagaNI mahatarao NANamaMjasA // 1 //
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________________ [23 jaina Agamadhara aura prAkRta vAlmaya kittI kaMtipiNaddho jasapattapaDaho (2) tisaagrnniruddho| puNaruttaM bhamati mahi sasi vva gagaNaMgaNaM tassa // 2 // tassa lihiyaM NisIhaM dhammadhurAdharaNapadharapujassa / ArogadhAraNijjaM sissa-pasissovabhojjaM ca // 3 // digambara paramparAmeM zvalAke anusAra 14 aMgabAhya arthAdhikAra haiM. inameM kalpa aura vyavahArako eka mAnA gayA hai tathA nizIthako alaga sthAna diyA gayA hai. isase yaha to spaSTa hotA hai ki kalpa, vyavahAra aura nizIthakI aMgabAhya arthAdhikArakI paramparA calI AtI thI. bhadrabAhukRta kalpa-vyavahAra jisa rUpameM Aja zvetAmbara paramparAmeM mAnya hai usI rUpameM digambara paramparAmeM ullikhita aMgabAhya kalpAdi mAnya the yA usase bhinna-yaha nizcayapUrvaka kahanA kaThina hai, kintu unakA jo viSaya batAyA gayA hai yahI viSaya upalabdha bhadrabAhukRta kalpAdimeM vidyamAna hai. donoM paramparAoMke matase sthavirakRta racanAeM aMgabAhya mAnI jAtI rahI haiM. bhadrabAhu taka zvetAmbara digambarakA matabheda spaSTa nahIM thA. ina tathyoMke AdhAra para saMbhAvanA kI jA sakatI hai ki kalpa-vyavahArake jina arthAdhikAroM kA ullekha dhavalAmeM hai una arthAdhikAroMkA sUtrAtmaka vyavasthita saMkalana sarvaprathama AcArya bhadrabAhune kiyA aura vaha saMghako mAnya huA. isa dRSTise dhavalAmeM ullikhita kalpa-vyavahAra aura nizItha tathA upalabdha kalpa-vyavahAra aura nizIthameM bheda mAnanekA koI kAraNa nahIM hai. phira bhI donoMkI ekatAkA nizcayapUrvaka vidhAna karanA kaThina hai. AcArya bhadrabAhu kI jo vizeSatA hai vaha yaha hai ki inhoMne apane ukta graMthoMmeM utsarga aura apavAdoMkI vyavasthA kI hai. itanA hI nahIM kintu vyavahArasUtrameM to aparAdhoMke daNDakI bhI vyavasthA kI gaI hai. aisI daNDavyavasthA evaM AcArya Adi padavIkI yogyatA adike nirNaya sarvaprathama inhIM graMthoM meM milate haiM. saMghane graMthoMko pramANabhUta mAnA yaha AcArya bhadrabAhukI mahattAkA sUcaka hai. zramaNoMke AcAra ke viSayameM dazavaikAlikake bAda dazA-kalpa Adi graMtha dUsarA sImAstambha hai. sAtha hI eka vAra apavAdakI zurUAta hone para anya bhASyakAroM va cUrNikAroMne bhI uttarottara apavAdoMmeM vRddhi kI. saMbhava hai ki isI apavAda-mArgako lekara saMghameM matabhedakI jar3a dRDha hotI gaI aura Age cala kara zvetAmbara-digambarakA sampradAya-bheda bhI dRDha huA. bRhatkalpa bhA0 6kI prastAvanAmeM maiMne aneka pramANoMke AdhAra para yaha siddha kiyA hai ki upalabdha niyuktiyoMke kartA zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu nahIM hai kintu jyotirvid varAhamihirake bhrAtA / dvitIya bhadrabAhu haiM jo vikramakI chaThI zatAbdImeM hue haiM. apane isa kathanakA spaSTIkaraNa karanA yahA~ ucita hai. jaba maiM yaha kahatA hUM ki upalabdha niyuktiyA~ dvitIya bhadrabAhukI haiM, zrutakevalI bhadrabAhukI nahIM taba isakA tAtparya yaha nahIM ki zrutakevalI bhadrabAhune niyuktiyoMkI racanA kI hI nahIM. merA tAtparya kevala itanA hI hai ki jisa antima saMkalanake rUpameM Aja hamAre samakSa niyuktiyA~ upalabdha
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________________ jJAnAMjali haiM ve zrutakevalI bhadrabAhukI nahIM haiM. isakA artha yaha nahIM ki dvitIya bhadrabAhuke pUrva koI niyuktiyA~ thI hI nahIM. niyukti rUpameM AgamavyAkhyAkI paddhati bahuta purAnI hai. isakA patA hameM anuyogaddhArase lagatA hai. vahAM spaSTa kahA gayA ki anugama do prakArakA hotA hai : suttANugama aura nijjuttiaNugama. itanA hI nahIM kintu niyuktirUpase prasiddha gAthAeM bhI anuyogadvArameM dI gaI haiM. pAkSikasUtrameM bhI " sanijjuttie" aisA pATha milatA hai. dvitIya bhadrabAhuke pahale bhI govinda vAcakakI niyuktikA ullekha nizIthabhASya va cUrNimeM milatA hai. itanA hI nahIM kintu vaidikavAGmayameM bhI nirukta ati prAcIna hai. ataeva yaha nizcayapUrvaka kahA jA sakatA hai ki jainAgamakI vyAkhyAkA niyukti nAmaka prakAra prAcIna hai. yaha saMbhava nahIM ki vikramako chaThI zatAbdI taka AgamoMkI koI vyAkhyA niyuktike rUpameM huI hI na ho. digambaramAnya mUlAcArameM bhI Avazyaka-niyuktigata kaI gAthAeM haiM. isase bhI patA calatA hai ki zvetAmbara-digambara sampradAyakA spaSTa bheda honeke pUrva bhI niyuktikI paramparA thI. aisI sthitimeM zrutakevalI bhadrabAhune niyuktiyoM kI racanA kI hai - isa paramparAko nirmUla mAnanekA koI kAraNa nahIM hai. ataH yahI mAnanA ucita hai ki zrutakevalI bhadrabAhune bhI niyuktiyoM kI racanA kI thI aura bAdameM govinda vAcaka jaise anya AcAryoMne bhI. usI prakAra kramazaH bar3hate-bar3hate niyuktiyoMkA jo antima rUpa huA vaha dvitIya bhadrabAhukA hai. arthAt dvitIya bhadrabAhune apane samaya takakI upalabdha niyukti-gAthAoMkA apanI niyuktiyoMmeM saMgraha kiyA ho, sAtha hI apanI orase bhI kucha naI gAthAeM banA kara joDa dI. yahI rUpa Aja hamAre sAmane niyuktike nAmase upalabdha hai. isa taraha kramazaH niyukti gAthAeM bar3hatI gaIM. isakA eka prabala pramANa yaha hai ki dazavakAlika kI donoM cUrNiyoM meM prathama adhyayanakI kevala 57 niyukti gAthAeM haiM jaba ki haribhadrakI vRttimeM 157 haiM. isase yaha bhI siddha hotA hai ki dvitIya bhadrabAhune niyuktiyoM kA antima saMgraha kiyA. isake bAda bhI usameM vRddhi hotI hai. isa spaSTIkaraNake prakAzameM yadi hama zrutakevalI bhadravAhuko bhI niyuktikAra mAneM to anucita na hogA. (7) zyAmAcArya (vIra ni0 376meM divaMgata)- inhoMne prajJApanA upAMgasUtrakI racanA kI hai. prajJApanAsUtrake "vAyagavaravaMsAo tevIsaimeNa dhIrapuriseNa" isa prAraMbhika ullekhake anusAra ye vAcakavaMzake 23 veM puruSa the. (8, 9, 10) Arya suhasti (vIra ni0 291), Aryasamudra (vIra ni0 470) aura Arya maMgu (vIra ni0 470)- ina tIna sthaviroMkI koI khAsa kRti hamAre sAmane nahIM hai, kintu jaina AgamoMmeM, khAsakara niyukti, bhASya, cUrNi AdimeM nAma-sthApanA Adi nikSepa dvArA padArthamAtrakA jo samaprabhAvase prajJApana kiyA jAtA hai isameM jo dravya-nikSepa AtA hai isa viSayameM ina tIna sthaviroM kI mAnyatAkA ullekha kalpacUrNimeM kiyA gayA hai:
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________________ jaina Agamadhara aura prAkRta vAlmaya [ 25 __"kiMca AdesA jahA- ajjamagra tivihaM saMkhaM icchati, egabhaviyaM baddhAuyaM abhimuhanAmagottaM ca. ajasamuddA duvihaM, badAuyaM abhimuhanAma-gottaM ca. ajjasuhatthI egaM abhimuhaNAma-goyaM icchati" ye tIna mahApuruSa jaina AgamoMke zreSTha jJAtA mAnanIya sthavira the. (11) pAdaliptAcArya (vIra ni0 467ke AsapAsa)-ina AcAryane taraMgavaI nAmaka prAkRta-dezI bhASAmayI ati rasapUrNa AkhyAyikAkI racanA kI hai. yaha AkhyAyikA Aja prApta nahIM hai kintu hArijagacchIya AcArya yaza (?) racita prAkRta gAthAbaddha isakA saMkSepa prApta hai. DA0 arnsa laoNyamAnane isa saMkSepameM samAviSTa kathAMzako par3hakara isakA jarmanameM anuvAda kiyA hai. yahI isa AkhyAyikAkI madhuratAkI pratIti hai. dAkSiNyAMka uddyotanasUri, mahAkavi dhanapAla Adine isa racanAkI mArmika stutikI hai. inhIM AcAryane jyotiSkaraMDakazAstrakI prAkRta TippanakarUpa choTI sau vRtti likhI hai. isakA ullekha AcArya malayagirine apanI sUryaprajJaptivRttimeM (patra 72 va 100) aura jyotiSkaraMDakavRttimeM (patra 52, 121, 237) kiyA hai. yadyapi AcArya malayagirine jyotikaraMDaka-vRttiko pAdaliptAcAryanirmita batalAyA hai kintu Aja jaisalamera aura khaMbhAtameM paMdrahavIM zatImeM likhI gaI mUla aura vRtti sahita mUlakI jo hastapratiyAM prApta haiM unheM dekhate hue AcArya malayagirike kathanako kahA~ taka mAnA jAya, yaha maiM tajjJa vidvAnoM para chor3a detA hU~. uparyukta mUlagrantha evaM mUlagranthasahita vRttike aMtameM jo ullekha haiM ve kramaza: isa prakAra haiM : kAlaNNANasamAso puvAyaripahiM vaNNimao eso / viNakarapaNNattIto sissajaNahio suhopAyo / pavyAyariyakayANaM karaNANaM jotisammi samayasmi / pAlittakeNa iNamo rahayA gAhAhiM parivADI // -jyotiSkaraNDaka prAnta bhAga, kAlaNNANasamAso puvAyaripahiM nINimo eso| viNakarapaNNattIto sissajaNahio pio ...... // puvAyariyakayAya nItisamasamapaNaM / pAlittapaNa iNamo raiyA gAhAhiM parivADI // // Namo arahatANa // kAlaNNANastiNamo vittI NAmeNa caMda[ ? leha ] ti / sivanaMdivAyagehiM tu royigA(raiyA) jiNadevagatihetUNaM (? gnnihetuN)|| // 0 1580 // -jyotiSkaraNDakavRtti prAnta bhAga. ina donoM ullekhoMse to aisA pratIta hotA hai ki -- mUla jyotiSkaraMDakaprakIrNakake praNetA pAdaliptAcArya haiM aura usakI vRtti, jisakA nAma 'candra[lekhA)' hai, zivanandI vAcakakI racanA hai. AcArya malayagirine to sUryaprajJaptivRtti evaM jyotiSkaraMDaka-vRttimeM isa vRttike praNetA pAdalitako kahA hai. saMbhava hai, AcArya malayagirike pAsa koI alaga kulakI pratiyA~ AI hoM jinameM mUlasUtra aura
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________________ jJAnAMjali vRttikA Adi-antima bhAga chUTa gayA ho. jaisalamerake tAr3apatrIya saMgrahako jyotiSkaraMDaka mUlasUtrakI pratimeM isakA Adi aura antakA bhAga nahIM hai. AcArya malayagiriko aise hI kulakI koI khaMDita prati milI hogI jisase anusaMdhAna karake unhoMne apanI vRttikI racanA kI hogI. ina AcAryane 'zatrujayakalpa'kI bhI racanA kI hai. nAgArjunayogI inakA upAsaka thA. isane inhIM AcAryake nAmase zatrujayamahAtIrthakI talahaTImeM pAdalitanagara pAlItANA] vasAyA thA, aisI anuzruti jaina granthoM meM pAI jAtI hai. (12) AryarakSita (vIra ni0 584meM divaMgata) --- sthavira Arya vajrasvAmI inake vidyAguru the. ye jaina AgamoM ke anuyogakA pRthaktva-bheda karanevAle, nayoM dvArA hone vAlI vyAkhyAke Agrahako zithila karanevAle aura anuyogadvArasUtrake praNetA the. prAcIna vyAkhyAnapaddhatiko inhoMne anuyogadvArasUtrakI racanA dvArA zAstrabaddha kara diyA hai. ye zrI durbalikApuSyamitra, vindhya Adike dIkSAguru evaM zikSAguru the. yahA~ para prasaMgavaza anuyogakA pRthaktva kyA hai, isakA nirdeza karanA ucita hogA. anuyogakA pRthaktva kahA jAtA hai ki prAcIna yugameM jaina gItArtha sthavira jaina AgamoMke pratyeka choTe bar3e sUtroMkI vAcanA ziSyoM ko cAra anuyogoMke mizraNase diyA karate the. unakA isa vAcanA yA vyAkhyAkA kyA DhaMga thA, yaha kahanA kaThina hai phira bhI anumAna hotA hai ki usa vyAkhyA meM - (1) caraNakaraNAnuyoga-jIvanake vizuddha AcAra, :(2) dharmakathAnuyoga --- vizuddha AcArakA pAlana karanevAloMko jIvana-kathA, (3) gaNitAnuyoga --- vizuddha AcArakA pAlana karanevAloMke aneka bhUgola-khagolake sthAna aura (4) dravyAnuyoga-vizuddha jIvana jIne vAloMko tAttvika jIvanacintA kyA va kisa prakArakI ho, isakA nirUpaNa rahatA hogA aura ve pratyeka sUtrakI naya, pramANa va bhaMgajAlase vyAkhyA kara usake hArdako kaI prakArase vistRta kara batAte hoMge. samayake prabhAvase buddhibala va smaraNazaktikI hAni honepara kramaza: isa prakArake vyAkhyAnameM nyUnatA Ato hI gaI jisakA sAkSAtkAra sthavira Arya kAlaka dvArA apane praziSya sAgaracandrako diye gaye dhUlipuMjake udAharaNase ho jAtA haiM. jaise dhUlipuMjako eka jagaha rakhA jAya, phira usako uThAkara dUsarI jagaha rakhA jAya, isa prakAra usI dhUlipuMjako uThA-uThAkara dUsarI-dUsarI jagaha para rakhA jAya. aisA karane para zurUkA bar3A dhUlipuMja antameM cuTakImeM bhI na Ave, aisA ho jAtA hai. isI prakAra jaina AgamoMkA anuyoga arthAt vyAkhyAna kama hote-hote paramparAse bahuta saMkSipta raha gayA. aisI dazAmeM buddhibala evaM smaraNazaktikI hAnike kAraNa jaba caturanuyogakA vyAkhyAna durghaTa pratIta huA taba sthavira AryarakSitane caturanuyogake vyAkhyAnake Agrahako zithila kara diyA. itanA hI nahIM, unhoMne pratyeka sUtrakI jo nayoMke AdhArase tArkika vicAraNA Avazyaka samajhI jAtI thI use bhI vaikalpika kara diyA. zrIAryarakSitake ziSya
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________________ [ ra7 jaina Agamadhara aura prAkRta vAlmaya praziSyokA samudAya saMkhyA meM bar3A thA. unameM jo vidvAn ziSya the una sabameM durbalikApuSyamitra adhika buddhimAn evaM smRtizAlI the. ve kAraNavazAt kucha dina taka svAdhyAya na karaneke kAraNa 11 aMga, pUrvazAstra Adiko aura unakI nayagarmita caturanuyogAtmaka vyAkhyAko vismRta karane lage. isa nimittako pAkara sthavira Arya rakSitane socA ki aisA buddhismRtisampanna bhI yadi isa anuyogako bhUla jAtA hai to dUsarekI to bAta hI kyA ? aisA socakara unhoMne caturanuyogake sthAna para sUtroMkI vyAkhyAmeM unake mUla viSayako dhyAnameM rakhakara kisI eka anuyogako ho prAdhAnya diyA aura nayoM dvArA vyAkhyA karanA bhI Avazyaka nahIM samajhA. vaktA va zrotAkI anukulatAke anusAra hI nayoM dvArA vyAkhyA kI jAya, aisI paddhatikA pracalana kiyA. tadanusAra vidyamAna AgamoMke sUtroM ko unhoMne cAra anuyogoMmeM vibhakta kara dIyA jisase tat-tat sUtrakI vyAkhyA kevala eka hI anuyogakA Azraya lekara ho. jaise AcAra, dazavakAlika Adi sUtro kI vyAkhyAmeM kevala caraNakaraNAnuyogakA hI Azraya liyA jAya, zeSakA nahIM. isI prakAra sUtroMko kAlika-utkAlika vibhAgameM bhI bAMTa diyA. (13) kAlikAcArya (vIra ni0 605ke AsapAsa)-paMcakalpamahAbhASyake ullekhAnusAra ye AcArya zAlivAhanake samakAlIna the. inhoMne jainaparamparAgata kathAoMke saMgraharUpa prathamAnuyoga nAmaka kathAsaMgrahakA punaruddhAra kiyA thA. isake atirikta gaMDikAnuyoga aura jyotiSazAstraviSayaka lokAnuyoga nAmaka zAstrokA bhI nirmANa kiyA thA. jaina AgamagraMthoMkI saMgrahaNiyoM kI racanA inhIMkI hai. jaina AgamoM ke pratyeka choTe-choTe vibhAgameM jina-jina viSayoMkA samAveza hotA thA unakA bIjarUpa saMgrahaM ina saMgrahaNI gAthAoMmeM kiyA gayA hai. eka prakArase ise jaina AgamoMkA viSayAnukrama hI samajhanA cAhie. Aja yaha saMgraha vyavasthitarUpameM dekhanemeM nahIM AtA hai, tathApi saMbhava hai ki bhagavatI, prajJApanA, Avazyaka Adi sUtroM kI TIkAoMmeM TIkAkAra AcAryone pratyeka zataka, adhyayana, pratipatti, pada Adike prArambhameM jo saMgrahaNI gAthAe~ dI haiM ve yahI saMgrahaNI-gAthAe~ hoM. (14) guNadhara (vIra ni0 614-683ke bIca)- digambara AmnAyameM AgamarUpase mAnya kasAyapAhuDake kartA guNadhara AcArya haiM. unake samayakA nizcaya yathArtharUpameM karanA kaThina hai. paM0 hIrAlAla jIkA anumAna hai ki ye AcArya dharasenase bhI pahale hue haiM. (15) AcArya dharasena, puSpadanta va bhUtabali (vIra ni0 614-683ke bIca ?)digambara AmnAyameM SaTkhaMDAgamake nAmase jo siddhAntagrantha mAnya haiM usakA zreya ina tInoM AcAryoko haiM. jisa prakAra bhadrabAhune caudahapUrvakA jJAna sthUlabhadra ko diyA usI prakAra AcArya dharasenane puSpadanta aura bhUtabaliko zrutakA lopa na ho, isa dRSTise siddhAnta par3hAyA jisake AdhAra para donoMne SadakhaNDAgamakI racanA kI. inakA samaya vIranirvANa 614 va 683ke bIca hai, aisI saMbhAvanA kI gaI hai.
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________________ jJAnAMjali (16, 17) Arya maMkSu aura nAgahasti- kaSAyapAhuDakI paramparAko surakSita rakhanekA vizeSa kArya ina AcAryoMne kiyA aura inhIMke pAsa adhyayana karake AcArya yativRSabhane kasAyapAhuDakI cUrNikI racanA kI thI. ina AcAryoMko naMdIsUtrakI paTTAvalImeM bhI sthAna milA hai. naMdIsUtrakArane Arya maMgu aura nAgahastikA varNana isa prakAra kiyA hai : bhaNagaM karagaM jharagaM pabhAvagaM NANa-dasaNa-guNArNa / vaMdAmi ajjamaMguM suyasAgarapAragaM dhIraM // 28 // NANammi dasaNammi ya tava-viNae NiccakAlamujjuttaM / ajANadilakhamaNaM sirasA vaMde pasaNNamaNaM // 29 // vaDDhau vAyagavaMso jasavaMso ajaNAgahatthINaM / vAgaraNa-karaNa-bhaMgiya kammappagaDIpahANANaM // 30 // naMdIsUtrake Arya maMgu hI Arya maMkSu haiM, aisA nirNaya kiyA gayA hai. isase vidvAnoM kA dhyAna isa aura jAnA Avazyaka hai ki Aja bhale hI kucha graMthoM ko hama kevala zvetAmbaroMke hI mAne aura kuchako kevala digambaroMke kintu vastutaH eka kAla aisA thA jaba zAstrakAra aura zAstrakA aisA sAmpradAyika vibhAjana nahIM huA thA. Arya makSuke viSayameM eka khAsa bAta yaha bhI dhyAna dene yogya hai ki unake kucha vizeSa mantavyoM ke viSayameM jayadhavalAkArakA kahanA hai ki ye paramparAke anukUla nahIM (SaTkhaMDAgama bhA0 3 bhUmikA pRSTha 15). (18) AcArya zivazarma (vIra ni0 825se pUrva)- jaina dharmakI aneka vizeSatAoMmeM eka vizeSatA hai usake karmasiddhAntakI. jisa prakAra SaTkhaNDAgama aura kasAyapAhuDa vizeSataH karmasiddhAntake hI nirUpaka haiM usI prakAra zivazarmakI kammapayaDI aura zataka karmasiddhAntake hI nirUpaka prAcIna graMtha haiM. inakA samaya bhASya-cUrNikAlake pahale kA avazya hai. (19,20) skandilAcArya va nAgArjunAcArya (vIra ni0 827se 840)- ye sthavira kramazaH mAthurI yA skAndilau aura vAlabhI yA nAgArjunI vAcanAke pravartaka the. donoM hI samakAlIna sthavira AcArya the. inake yugameM bhayaMkara durbhikSa upasthita hone ke kAraNa jaina zramaNoMko idhara-udhara viprakIrNa choTe-choTe samUhoMmeM rahanA par3A. zrutadhara sthaviroMkI viprakRSTatA evaM bhikSAkI durlabhatAke kAraNa jainazramaNoMkA adhyayana-svAdhyAyAdi bhI kama ho gayA. aneka zrutadhara sthaviroMkA isa durbhikSameM dehAvasAna ho jAneke kAraNa jainaAgamoMkA bahuta aMza naSTa-bhraSTa, chinna-bhinna evaM asta-vyasta ho gayA. durbhikSake antameM ye donoM sthavira, jo ki mukhya rUpase zrutadhara the, baca rahe the kintu eka-dUsarese bahuta dUra the. Arya skandila mathurAke Asa-pAsa the aura Arya nAgArjuna saurASTrameM. durbhikSake antameM
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________________ [29 jaina Agamadhara ora prAkRta vAlmaya ina donoM sthaviroMne vI0 saM0 827se 840 ke bIca kisI varSameM kramazaH mathurA va valabhImeM saMghasamavAya ekatra karake jainAgamoMko jisa rUpameM yAda thA usa rUpameM grantharUpase likha liyA. donoM sthavira vRddha hone ke kAraNa paraspara mila na sake. isakA pariNAma yaha huA ki donoMke ziSyapraziSyAdi apanI-apanI paramparAke Agamoko apanAte rahe aura unakA adhyayana karate rahe. yaha sthiti lagabhag2a der3ha sau varSa taka rahI. isa samaya taka koI aisA pratibhAsampanna vyakti nahIM huA jo AgamoMke isa pAThabhedakA samanvaya kara pAtA. isI kAraNa AgamoMkA vyavasthita lekhana Adi bhI nahIM ho sakA. jo kucha bhI ho Aja jo jainAgama vidyamAna haiM ve ina donoM sthaviroM kI dena haiM. (21) sthavira Arya govinda (vIra ni0 850se pUrva)-ye pahale bauddha AcArya the aura bAdameM inhoMne jainadharma svIkAra kiyA thA. inhoMne govindaniyukti kI racanA kI thI jisameM pRthvI, pAnI, agni AdikI sajIvatAkA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai. yaha niyukti kisa Agamako lakSya karake racI gaI, isakA koI ullekha nahIM milatA. phira bhI anumAna hotA hai ki yaha AcArAMgasUtrake prathama adhyayana zastraparijJA athavA dazavaikAlika sUtrake caturtha adhyayana cha jIvagiyAko lakSya karake racI gaI hogI. Aja isa niyuktikA kahIM para bhI patA nahIM milatA hai. AcArya goviMdake nAmakA ullekha dazavaikAlikasUtrake caturtha adhyayanakI vRttimeM AcArya haribhadrane bhASyagAthAke nAmase jo gAthAeM uddhRta kara vyAkhyA kI hai usameM " goviMdavAyago viya jaha parapakvaM niyattei" (patra0 53,1 gA0 82) isa prakAra ullekha AtA hai. AcArya haribhadra * goviMdavAyaga' isa prAkRta nAmakA saMskRtameM parivartana 'gopendra vAcaka' nAmase karate haiM. AcArya zrI haribhadrasUrine apane yogabindu granthameM gopendrake nAmase jo avataraNa diye haiM, ve saMbhava hai ki inhIM gopendra vAcakake ho. jainaAgamoMke bhASyameM ina govinda sthavirakA ullekha ' jJAnastena 'ke rUpameM kiyA gayA hai. isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki ye pahale jainAcAryokI yukti-prayuktiyoM ko jAnakara unakA khaNDana karanekI dRSTi se hI dIkSita hue the, kintu bAdameM unake hRdayako jainAcAryokI yukti-prayuktiyoMne jIta liyA jisase ve phirase dIkSita hue aura mahAn anuyogadhara hue. naMdIsUtrakI prAraMbhika sthavirAvalImeM inakA paricaya prakSiptagAthAke dvArA isa prakAra diyA hai: goviMdANaM pi Namo aNuoge viuladhAraNiMdANaM / niccaM khaMti-dayANaM parUvaNAdullabhidANaM // (22, 23) devaddhiMgaNi va gandharva vAdivetAla zAMtisari (vIra ni0 993)devarddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa mAthurI vAcanAnuyAyI pratibhAsampanna samartha AcArya the. inhIMkI adhyakSatAmeM valabhImeM mAthurI evaM nAgArjunI vAcanAoke vAcanAbhedoMkA samanvaya karake jainaAgama vyavasthita kiye gaye aura likhe bhI gaye. gandharva vAdivetAla zAntisUri vAlabhI vAcanAnuyAyI mAnya sthavira the. inake viSayameM -
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________________ 30 1 vAlabbha saMghakajje ujamiyaM jugapaddANatullehiM / gaMdhavAhave yAla saMtisUrIhiM valahIpa // isa prakArakA prAcIna ullekha bhI pAyA jAtA hai. isa gAthAmeM 'balabhImeM vAlabhyasaMghake kArya ke lie gandharva vAdivetAla zAntisUrine prayatna kiyA thA aisA jo ullekha hai vaha vAlabhyasaMgha kArya vAlabhIvAcanAko lakSya karake hI adhika saMbhavita hai. anyathA 'bAlabbhasaMghakajje ' aisA ullekha na hokara ' saMghakajje' itanA hI ullekha kAphI hotA. isa ullekhase pratIta hotA hai ki zrIdevarddhigaNi kSamAzramaNako mAdhurI vAlamI vAcanAoMko vyavasthApita karanemeM inakA pramukha sAhAyya rahA hogA. digambarAcArya devasenakRta darzanasAranAmaka grantha meM zvetAmbaro kI utpattike varNanaprasaMga meM jJAnAMjali chattIse varisasara vikkamarAyassa maraNapattassa / soraDe utpaNNo sevaDasaMgho hu valahIe // 52 // pakka puNa saMtiNAmo saMpatto valahiNAmaNayarIe / bahusI saMpatto visara sopa rame // 53 // isa prakArakA ullekha hai. yadyapi isa ullekhameM diyA huA saMvat milatA nahIM hai tathApi uparyukta 'vAla bhasaMghakajje' gAthA meM nirdiSTa vAlabhyasaMghakArya, zAMtisUri, valabhi, Adi ullekhake sAtha tulanA karane ke liye darzanasArakA yaha ullekha jarUra upayukta hai. devarddhigami jo svayaM mAthurasaMgha ke yugapradhAna the, unakI adhyakSatA meM valabhInagara meM ekatrita saMghasamavAyameM donoM vAcanAoMke zrutaghara sthavirAdi vidyamAna the. isa saMghasamavAya meM sarvasammati mAthurI vAcanAko pramukha sthAna diyA gayA hogA. isakA kAraNa yaha ho sakatA hai ki mAdhurIvAcanAke jaina AgamoMkI vyavasthitatA evaM parimANAdhikatA thI. isameM jyotiSkaraMDaka jaise pranthoMko bhI sthAna diyA gayA jo kevala vAlabhI vAcanAmeM hI the. itanA hI nahIM apitu mAthurI vAcanAse bhinna evaM atirikta jo sUtrapATha evaM vyAkhyAntara the una sabakA ullekha nAgArjunAcArya ke nAmase tattat sthAna para kiyA bhI gayA. AcArAMga AdikI cUrNioMmeM aise ullekha pAye jAte haiM. samajhameM nahIM AtA ki jisa samaya jaina AgamoM ko pustakArUDha kiyA hogA usa samaya ina vAcanAntaroM kA saMgraha kisa DhaMga se kIyA hogA ?, jaina Agama kI koI aisI hastaprati maujUda nahIM hai jisameM ina vAcanAbhedoM kA saMgraha yA ullekha ho. Aja hamAre sAmane isa vAcanAbhedako jAnanekA sAdhana prAcIna cUrNigranthoke alAvA anya eka bhI grantha nahIM hai. cUrNiyA~ bhI saba AgamoMkI nahIM kintu kevala Avazyaka, nandI, anuyogadvAra, dazavaikAlika, uttarAdhyayana, AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, bhagavatI, jIvAbhigama, jambUdvIpaprajJapti, nizItha, kalpa, paMcakalpa, vyavahAra evaM dazAzrutaskandhakI hI milatI haiM. Upara jina AgamoMkI cUrNiyoMke nAma diye gaye haiM unameM se nAgArjunIya - vAcanAbhedakA ullekha kevala AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, uttarAdhyayana va dazavaikAlikakI cUrNiyoM meM hI milatA hai. anya AgamoM meM
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________________ jaina Acamadhara ora prAkRta vAlmaya [31 nAgArjunIya vAcanAkI apekSA nyUnAdhikya yA vyAkhyAbheda kyA thA, isakA Aja koI patA nahIM lagatA. bahuta saMbhava hai, ye vAcanAbheda cUrNi-vRtti Adi vyAkhyAoMke nirmANake bAdameM sirpha pAThabhedake rUpameM pariNata ho gaye ho. yahI kAraNa hai ki cUrNikAra aura vRttikAroM kI vyavasthAmeM pAThoMkA kabhI-kabhI bahuta antara dikhAI detA hai. (1) dazavaikAlikasUtrakI anAmakartRka mudritacUrNike pRSTha 204 meM " nAgajjuNiyA tu evaM paDhaMti-evaM tu gugappehI aguNA'Navivajae " isa prakAra eka hI nAgArjunIya vAcanAkA ullekha pAyA gayA hai. yaha ullekha pAThabhedamUlaka nahIM apitu vyAkhyAbhedamUlaka hai. mAthurI vAcatA vAle "aguNANa vivajjae-aguNAnAM vivarjakaH" aisI sIdhI vyAkhyA karate haiM, jabaki nAgArjunIya vAcanA vAle " agugA'gavivajjae-aguNariNaM akuvvaMto" arthAt 'aguNarUpa RNa nahIM karate' aisI vyAkhyA karate haiM. isa cUrNimeM nAgArjunIya nAmakA yaha eka hI ullekha dekhanemeM AyA hai. isI dazavakAlikasUtrakI sthavira agastyasiMhakRta eka anya prAcIna cUrNi pAI gaI hai jo abhI prAkRta TeksTa-sosAyaTI kI ora se chapa rahI hai. isameM (pR. 136) isa sthAna para uparyukta vAcanAbhedakA ullekha kiyA hai kintu nAgArjunIya nAmakA ullekha nahIM hai. isase bhI yahI pratIta hotA hai ki nAgArjunIya pAThabhedAdi kevala pAThAntara va matAntarake rUpa meM hI raha gaye haiM. prAcIna vRttikAra AcArya haribhadra bhI apanI vRttimeM kahIM para bhI nAgArjunIya vAcanAkA nAmollekha karate nahIM haiM. (2) AcArAMgasUtrako cUrNimeM nArgArjunIyavAcanAbhedakA ullekha paMdraha jagaha pAyA jAtA hai1. bhadanta nAgArjunIyAstu paDhaMti pR0 62 vRttipatra 118 2. NAgajjuNiyA paDhaMti 3. bhadaMtaNAgajuNiyA tu paDhaMti 113 4. bhadaMtaNAgajjuNiyA 120 166 pR0 2 5. bhadaMtaNAgajjuNiyA paDhaMti __ pR0 139 vRttipatra 183 pR0 2 6. ettha sakkhI bhadantanAgArjunAH 198 pR0 2 7. nAgArjunIyAstu ___, 201 pR0 1. 8. NAgajjuNIyA , 239 pR0 1 9. bhadanta NAgajjuNA tu , 245 pR0 1 10. NAgajjuNiyA u , 219 11. NAgajjuNA , 232 vRttipatra 253 pR0 2. 12. NAgajjuNA tu , 237 , 256 pR0 1 13. NAgajuNA 287 207 219
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________________ 32 ] 14. NAgajjuNA tu padaMti 15. bhadantanAgArjunIyAstu 99 59 302 vRttipatra 303 313 yahAM para AcArAMgacUrNi aura zIlAMkAcArya racita vRttike jo pRSTha-patrAMka Adi diye gaye haiM ve AgamoddhAraka pUjya AcArya zrI sAgarAnandasUri sampAdita AvRttike haiM. jJAnAMjala pR0 1 uparyukta paMdraha ullekhoM meM se pAMca ullekha zIlAMkIya vRttimeM nahIM haiM. bAkIke dasa ullekha zIlAMkAcAryane diye haiM. ve sabhI ullekha AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha kI cUrNi vRtti meM hI haiM. dvitIya zrutaskandhakI cUrNi-vRttimeM nAgArjunIya - vAcanA kA koI ullekha nahIM hai. yahAM AcArAMga-cUrNimeM se nAgArjunIyavAcanAke jo paMdraha ullekha uddhRta kiye gaye haiM unameM sAta jagaha ati pUjyatAsUcaka 'bhadanta vizeSaNakA prayoga kiyA hai jo anya kisI cUrNi-vRtti AdimeM nahIM hai. isase anumAna hotA hai ki isa cUrNike praNetA, jinake nAmakA ullekha kahIM bhI nahIM milatA, kama-se-kama nAgArjunIya paraMparAke prati Adara rakhane vAle the. (3) sUtrakRtAMgakI cUrNimeM nAgArjunIya vAcanAke jo ullekha milate haiM una sabhI sthAnoM para 'nAgArjunIyAstu' aisA likhakara hI nAgArjunIya vAcanAbhedakA ullekha kiyA gayA hai jo prathama zrutaskandhameM cAra jagaha va dUsare zrutaskandhameM nau jagaha pAyA gayA hai. AcArya zIlAMkane apanI vRtti meM ' nAgArjunIyAstu paThanti ' likhakara nAgArjunIya vAcanAkA : ullekha cAra jagaha kiyA hai. saMbhava hai pichale jamAne meM nAgArjunIya vAcanAbhedakA koI khAsa mahattva rahA na hogA. prasaMgavazAt eka bAta kI sUcanA karanA hama yahA~ ucita samajhate haiM ki sUtrakRtAMgacUrNikAra 'aNuttaraNANI - aNuttaradaMsI aNuttaraNANadaMsaNadharo, eteNa ekatvaM NANa-daMsaNANaM khyApitaM bhavati ' [ zruta 1 adhya0 2. u0 2 gA0 22] isa ullekhase ekopayogavAdI AcArya siddhasena ke anuyAyI mAlUma hote haiM. (4) uttarAdhyayanasUtrakI cUrNimeM cUrNikAra AcAryane pA~ca sthAnoM para nAgArjunIya vAcanAbhedakA ullekha kiyA hai. pAiya-TIkAkAra vAdivetAla zAntisUrijIne bhI ina pA~ca sthAnoM para nAgArjunIya vAcanAbhedakA ullekha kiyA hai. kintu sirpha eka sthAna para nAgArjunIyakA nAma na lekara ' paThyate ca ' aisA likhakara nAgArjunIya vAcanAbhedakA ullekha kiyA hai. [patra 264 - 1]. kucha vidvAn sthavira Arya devarddhigaNike Agama-vyavasthApana va Agama-lekhanako bAlabhI vAcanArUpase batalAte haiM, kiMtu Upara vAlamI vAcanAke viSayameM jo kucha kahA gayA hai usase unakA yaha kathana bhrAnta siddha hotA hai. vAstavameM vAlabhI vAcanA vahI hai jo mAthurIvAcanAke hI samaya meM sthavira Arya nAgArjunane valabhInagara meM saMghasamavAya ekatra kara jaina AgamoMkA saMkalana kiyA thA.
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________________ jaina Agamadhara aura prAkRta vAlmaya [ 3 sthavira Arya devaddhiMgaNine valabhImeM saMghasamavAyako ekatrita kara jaina AgamoMko vyavasthita kiyA va likhavAyA. usa samaya lekhanako prArambhika pravRtti kisa rUpameM huI isakA spaSTa ullekha kahIM bhI nahIM milatA. sAmAnyatayA mukhopamukha kahA jAtA hai ki valabhImeM hajAroM kI saMkhyAmeM graMtha likhe gaye the, kintu hamAre sAmane zIlAMkAcArya, navAMgavRttikAra abhayadevasUri Adi vyAkhyAkAra AcAyoMke jo viSAdapUrNa ullekha vidyamAna haiM unase to yaha mAnA nahIM jA sakatA ki itane pramANameM graMthalekhana huA hogA. zrIzIlAMkAcAryane sUtrakRtAMgakI apanI vRttimeM isa prakAra likhA hai : " iha ca prAyaH sUtrAdarzeSu nAnAvidhAni sUtrANi dRzyante, na ca TIkAsaMvAdI eko'pyAdarzaH samupalabdhaH, ata ekamAdarzamaGgIkRtyAsmAbhirvivaraNaM kriyata iti, etadavagamya sUtravisaMvAdadarzanAcitavyAmoho na vidheya iti / " / [mudrita patra 336-1] arthAt cUrNisaMmata mUlasUtrake sAtha tulanA kI jAya aisI eka bhI mUlasUtra kI hastaprata AcArya zIlAMkako nahIM milI thI. zrI abhayadevAcAryane bhI sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga va praznavyAkaraNa -- ina tInoM aMga-AgamoM kI vRttike prArambha evaM antameM imI AzayakA ullekha kiyA hai, jo kramazaH isa prakAra hai: 1. vAcanAnAmanekatvAt, pustakAnAmazuddhitaH / sUtrANAmatigAMbhIryAda matabhedAcca kutracit // 2 // 2. yasya graMthavarasya vAkyajaladherlakSaM sahasrANi ca, catvAriMzadaho! caturbhiradhikA mAnaM padAnAmabhUt / tasyoccaizculukAkRti vidadhataH kAlAdidoSAt tathA, durlekhAt khilatAM gatasya kudhiyaH kurvantu kiM mAdRzAH ? // 2 // 3. akSA vayaM zAstramidaM gabhIraM, prAyo'sya kUTAni ca pustakAni / sUtraM vyavasthApyamato vimRzya, vyAkhyAnakalpAdita paca naiva // 2 // Upara udAharaNake rUpameM zrI zIlAMkAcArya va zrI abhayadevAcAryake jo ullekha diye haiM unase pratIta hotA hai ki valabhImeM sthavira Arya devarddhigaNi, gaMdharvavAdivetAla zAntisUri Adike prayatnase jo jaina AgamokA saMkalana evaM vyavasthApana huA aura unheM pustakArUr3ha kiyA gayA, yaha kArya jaina sthavira zramaNoMkI jaina AgamAdiko graMthArUr3ha karane kI alpa rucike kAraNa bahuta saMkSipta rUpameM hI huA hogA tathA nikaTa bhaviSyameM hue valabhIke bhaMgake sAtha hI vaha vyavasthita kiyA huA AgamokA likhita choTA-sA graMthasaMgraha naSTa ho gayA hogaa| pariNAma yaha huA ki Akhira jo sthavira mArya skrandila evaM sthavira Arya nAgArjunake samayakI hastapratiyAM hoMgI, unhIMkI zaraNa vyAkhyAkAroMko lenI par3I hogI. yahI kAraNa hai ki prAcIna cUrNiyAM evaM vyAkhyAgraMthoMmeM saikar3oM pAThabheda ullikhita
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________________ 34] jJAnAMjali pAye jAte haiM jisakA udAharaNake rUpameM maiM yahAM saMkSepameM ullekha karatA hU~ : AcArAMgasUtrako cUrNimeM cUrNikArane nAgArjunIya vAcanAke ullekhake alAvA 'paDhijjai ya' aisA livakara unnIsa sthAnoM para pAThabhedakA ullekha kiyA hai. AcArya zrI zIlAMkane bhI apanI vRttimeM upalabdha hastapratiyoMke anusAra kitane hI sUtrapAThabheda diye haiM. isI prakAra sUtrakRtAMgacUrNimeM bhI nAgArjunIya vAcanAbhedake alAvA 'paThyate ca, paThyate cAnyathA sadbhiH, adhavA, athavA iha tu, mUlapAThastu, pAThavizeSastu, anyathA pAThastu, ayamararakalpaH, pAThAntaram' Adi vAkyoMkA ullekha kara kevala prathama zrutaskandhakI cUrNimeM hI lagabhaga savA sau jagaha jinheM vAstavika pAThabheda mAne jAya aise ullekhoMkI gAthAkI gAthAeM, pUrvArdhake pUrvArdha va caraNake caraNa pAye jAte haiM. dvitIya zrutaskandhake pAThabheda to isameM zAmila hI nahIM kiye gaye haiM. AcArya zIlAMkane bhI bahutase pAThabheda diye haiM, phira bhI cUrNikArako apekSA ye bahuta kama haiM, yahAM para eka bAta khAsa dhyAna dene yogya hai ki khuda AcArya zIlAMkane svIkAra kiyA hai ki 'hameM cUrNikArasvIkRta Adarza milA hI nahIM.' yahI kAraNa hai ki unako TIkAmeM cUrNikI apekSA mUla sUtrapATha evaM vyAkhyAmeM bahuta antara par3a gayA hai. isake sAtha merA yaha bhI kathana hai ki Aja hamAre sAmane jo prAcIna sUtrapratiyAM vidyamAna haiM unake pAThabhedoMkA saMgraha kiyA jAya to sImAtIta pAThabheda mileMge. inameM agara bhASAprayogake pAThabhedoMko zAmila kiyA jAya to, maiM samajhatA hU~ ki, pAThabhedoMkA saMgraha karane vAlekA dama nikala jAya. phira bhI yaha kArya kama mahattvakA nahIM hai. prAkRta TeksTa sosAyaTIkI orase jo AgamoMkA sampAdana kiyA jA rahA hai usameM isa prakArakI mahattvapUrNa saba bAtoMko samAviSTa karanekA yathAsaMbhava pUrA dhyAna rakhA jAtA hai. dazavakAlikasUtra para sthavira agastyasiMhakRta cUrNi, ajJAtanAmakartRka dUsarI cUrNi aura AcArya haribhadrakRta ziSyahitAvRtti - ye tIna vyAkhyAgraMtha maulika vyAkhyArUpa haiM. inake alAvA jo anya vRttiyAM vidyamAna haiM una sabakA mUla srota AcArya haribhadrakI bRhadavRtti hI hai. AcArya haribhadrane apanI vRttimeM " tatrApi 'katyahaM, kadA'haM, kathamahaM' ityAdyadRzyapAThAntaraparityAgena dRzya vyAkhyAyate" (patra 85-1) aisA kaha kara pAThabhedoMkI jhaMjhaTase chuTakArA hI pA liyA. anAmakartRka cUrNi, jisakA ullekha AcArya haribhadra apanI vRttimeM vRddha-vivaraNake nAmase karate haiM, usameM kahIM-kahIM pAThabhedoMkA ullekha hone para bhI unakA koI khAsa saMgraha nahIM hai. kintu sthavira agastyasiMhaviracita cUrNimeM sUtrapAThoMkA nyUnAdhikya, pAThabheda, vyAkhyAbheda AdikA saMgraha kAphI mAtrAmeM kiyA gayA hai. mUlasUtrakI bhASAkA svarUpa bhI vRddhavivaraNa evaM AcArya haribhadrakI vRttikI apekSA bahuta hI bhinna hai. vRddhavivareNa va AcArya haribhadrakI vRttimeM mUlasUtrakI bhASAkA svarUpa AjakI prAcIna tAr3apatrIya pratiyoMmeM jaisA pAyA jAtA hai, karIba-karIba usase milatA-julatA hI hai.
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________________ jaina Agamadhara aura prAkRta vAlmaya [35 ___ yahA~ para prAcIna cUrNiyoM evaM unameM prApta honevAle pAThabhedAdikA ullekha kara ApakA jo samaya liyA hai usakA kAraNa yaha hai ki calabhI nagara meM sthavira Arya devaddhiMgaNi kSamAzramaNa pramukha jaina saMghane jo jaina AgamoM kA vyavasthApana kiyA thA aura inheM graMthArUDha kiyA thA vaha yadi vistRta rUpameM hotA to vAlabhI graMthalekhanake nikaTa bhaviSyameM honevAle cUrNikAra, AcArya haribhadra, AcArya zIlAMka, zrI abhayadevasUri Adiko vikRtAtivikRta Adarza na milate. jase Aja hameM cAra sau, pA~ca sau, yAvat hajAra varSa purAnI zuddhaprAyaH hastapratiyAM mila jAtI haiM usI prakAra cUrNikAra Adiko bhI valabhIvyavasthApita zuddha evaM prAmANika pATha vAle Adarza avazya hI milate, kintu vaisA nahIM huA. isake liye unhoMne viSAda hI prakaTa kiyA hai. ataH mujhe yahI lagatA hai ki devarddhigaNi kSamAzramaNakA graMthalekhana bahuta saMkSipta rUpameM huA hogA, jo valabhIke bhaMgake sAtha hI naSTa ho gayA. (24) bhadiyAyariya - sUtrakRtAMgacUrNi, patra 405 ke " atra dUSagagikSamAzramaNaziSyabhadiyAcAryA bruvate" isa ullekha ke anusAra bhadiyAcArya sthavira dUSagaNike ziSya the. inake nAmakA ullekha evaM matakA saMgraha agastyasiMhaviracita dazavaikAli kacUrNi patra 3 aura anAmakartRka dazavaikAlikacUrNi patra 4 meM bhI pAyA jAtA hai. (25) dattilAyariya --- inake nAmakA nirdeza evaM matakA saMgraha uparyukta donoM dazavaikAlikacUrNiyoMke kramazaH 3 va 4 patrameM hai. ajJAtakartRka dazavaikAlikacUrNimeM bhadiyAyariya evaM dattilAyariya - ina donoM sthaviroMke nAmoM kA ullekha va inake matakA saMgraha sAmAnyatayA kiyA gayA hai, jaba ki agastyasiMhaviracita cUrNimeM " iha kayareNa ekkeNa ahikAro? savvaNNubhAsie kA ekkoyamayaviyAraNA ? tahA vi vakhANabhedapadarisaNatthaM krittinimittaM gurUNaM bhaNNati - bhadiyAyariovaeseNaM bhinnarUvA ekA dasasadeNa saMgihIyA bhavaMti tti saMgahekakeNa ahikAro, dattilAyariovaeseNa suyanANaM khaovasamie bhAve vati tti bhAvekakeNa ahigAro" isa prakAra hai. isa taraha ina donoM sthaviroMke nAmakA ullekha 'kittinimittaM gurUNaM' isa vAkyase bar3e Adarake sAtha kiyA hai. sambhava hai, cUrNikArakA ina sthaviroke sAtha anuyogaviSayaka koI khAsa ghaniSTha sambandha hogA. (26) gaMdhahastI-AcArya zIlAMkake AcArIMgasUtrakI vRttike prArambhameM "zastraparijJAvivaraNamatibahugahanaM ca gandhahastikRtam" isa ullekhase gandhahasti AcAryako AcArAMgasUtrake prathama adhyayana zastraparijJAkA vivaraNakAra batAyA hai. himavaMtasthavirAvalimeM AcArya gandhahastike viSayameM isa prakArakA nirdeza hai____ "teSAmAryasiMhAnAM sthavirANAM madhumitrA-''yaMskandilAcAryanAmAnau dvau ziSyAvabhUtAm / AryamadhumitrANAM ziSyA Aryagandhahastino'tIvavidvAMsaH prabhAvakAzcAbhavan / taizca pUrvasthavirottaM
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________________ 3] jJAnAMjali somAsvAtivAcakaviracitatattvArthopari azItisahasrazlokapramANaM mahAbhASyaM racitam / ekAdazAGgopari cAryaskandilasthavirANAmuparodhatastaivivaraNAni racitAni / yaduktaM tadacitA''cArAgavivaraNAnte therassa mahu mittassa sehehiM tipucanANajuttehiM / muNigaNavidiehi vadhagayarAgAidosehiM // baMbhaddIviyasAhAmauDehiM gandhahatthivibuhehiM / / vivaraNameyaM rahayaM dosayavAsesu vikkamao // " himavaMtasthavirAvalike isa aMzameM AcArya gandhahastiko tattvArthagandhahastimahAbhASyake praNetA evaM gyAraha jaina aMga AgamoMke vivaraNakAra batalAyA hai, jabaki AcArya zalAMkane inheM kevala AcArAGgake prathama adhyayanake racayitA hI kahA hai. dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki inakI gyAraha aMgakI vRttiyoMke uddharaNa yA nAmollekha bhASya-cUrNi-vRttiyoMmeM kahIM bhI dikhAI nahIM dete. aisI sthitimeM paTTAvalike isa ullekhako kahAM taka mAnA jAya, yaha eka prazna hai. yahAM para ganvahastI, yaha vizeSanAma hai, vizeSaNa nahIM. zIlAMkAcAryanirdiSTa gandhahastI himavaMtasthavirAvalinirdiSTa gandhahastI hI haiM yA anya, isakA nirNaya karanA kaThina hai. sthavirAvalimeM jo AcArAMgavivaraNakI aMtima prazastikA uddharaNa diyA gayA hai vaha kahAM taka ThIka hai, yaha kahanA bhI jarA kaThina hai. isa vizeSanAmake sAtha rahe hue gauravako dekhakara hI bAdameM isa nAmakA upayoga vizeSaNake rUpameM hone lagA. tattvArthasUtravRttike praNetA siddhasenAcArya 'gandhahasti' kahe jAte the. ye himavaMtasthavirAvali dvArA nirdiSTa gandhahastIse anya hI haiN| kyoMki inakA samaya vikrama AThavIM zatIke bAdakA hai, jaba ki sthavirAvalinirdiSTa gandhahastikA samaya vikrama 200 hai. zrI yazovijayajI upAdhyAyane apanI gurutattvavinizcayakI svopajJa vRttimeM sanmatitarkake praNetA siddhasenAcAryako bhI 'gandhahastI' likhA hai. (27-28) mittavAyaga-khamAsamaNa va sAdhurakSitagaNi kSamAzramaNa - ina donoM sthaviroMkI mAnyatA evaM nAmakA ullekha vyavahArabhASya gA0 492kI cUrNimeM cUrNikArane kiyA hai. (29) dhammagaNi khamAsamaNa-ina kSamAzramaNake maMtavyakA ullekha kalpavizeSacUrNimeM " ahavA dhammagaNikhamAsamaNAdeseNaM savvesu vi padesu imA sohI-therAIsuM ahavA0 gAhAdvayam" isa prakAra hai. (30) agastyasiMha (bhASyakAroMke pUrva)- ye sthavira Arya vajrakI zAkhAmeM hue haiM. inhoMne dazavakAlikasUtra para cUrNikI racanA kI hai. yaha cUrNi dazavaikAlikasUtrake vividha pAThabheda evaM bhASAko dRSTi se bahuta mahattvakI hai. isa cUrNimeM bhASyakArakI gAthAoMkA ullekha na honese inakI racanA bhASyakAroMke pUrvakI pratIta hotI hai. isameM kaI ullekha aise bhI haiM jo cAlU sAmpradAyika praNAlIse bhinna prakArake haiM. AcArya zrI haribhadrane apanI vRttimeM kahIM bhI isa cUrNikA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai, isakA kAraNa yahI pratIta hotA hai. vidvAnoMkI bhI jJAtiyAM hotI haiM. isameM kalkiviSayaka
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________________ jaina Agamadhara aura prAkRta vAya [39 jo mAnyatA calatI hai aura jisakA vistRta varNana titthogAliyapaiNNayameM pAyA bhI jAtA hai, isa viSayameM " aNAgatamaDhe Na NiddhAreja-jadhA kakI amuko vA evaMguNo rAyA bhavissai" aisA likhakara kalkiviSayaka mAnyatAko Adara nahIM diyA hai. isa cUrNimeM " bhaNitaM ca vararuciNA-aMbaM phalANaM mama dAlimaM piyaM' [pR0 173] isa prakAra vararucike koI prAkRta graMthakA uddharaNa mila sakatA hai. vararucikA yaha prAkRta uddharaNa prAkRtavyAkaraNapraNetA vararucike samayanirNayake lie upayukta honekI sambhAvanA hai. isa cUrNikI prati jaisalamerake jinabhadrIya jJAnabhaNDArameM surakSita hai. isakA prakAzana prAkRta TekasTa sosAyaTokI orase mere dvArA sampAdita ho kara zIghra hI prakAzita hogA. (31) saMghadAsagaNi kSamAzramaNa (vi0 5vIM zatAbdI)-ye AcArya vasudevahiMDI - prathama khaNDake praNetA saMghadAsagaNi vAcakase bhinna haiM evaM inake bAda ke bhI haiM. inhoMne kalpalaghubhASya aura paMcakalpamahAbhASyakI racanA kI hai. ve mahAbhASyakAra jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNake pUrvavartI haiM. (32) jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa (vi0 kI chaThI zatI)- ye saiddhAntika AcArya the. inakI mahAbhASyakAra evaM bhASyakArake rUpameM prasiddhi hai. dArzanika-gambhIracintanaparipUrNa vizeSAvazyaka mahAbhASyako racanAne inheM bahuta prasiddha kiyA hai. kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana viSayaka yugapadupayogadvayavAda evaM abhedavAdako mAnanevAle tArkika AcArya siddhasena divAkara aura mallavAdIke matakA inhoMne uparyukta bhASya evaM vishessnnvt| granthameM nirasana kiyA hai. jIta kalpasUtra, bRhatsaMgrahagI, bRhatkSetrasamAsa, anuyogadvAracUrNigata aMgulapadacUrNi aura vizeSAvazyaka-svopajJavRtti-SaSThagaNadharavAda vyAkhyAnaparyanta--inake itane grantha Aja upalabdha haiM. (33) koTTAyavAdigaNI kSamAzramaNa (vi0 540ke bAda)- ina AcAryane jinabhadragaNikI svopajJa vRttikI apUrNa racanAko pUrNa kiyA hai. inhoMne anusandhita apanI isa vRttimeM yaha sUcita kiyA hai " nirmApya SaSThagaNadhara-vyAkhyAnaM kila divaMgatA pUjyAH" arthAt chaThe gaNadharavAdakA vyAkhyAna karake pUjya jinabhadragaNI svargavAsI hue. AgekI vRttikA anusandhAna inhoMne kiyA hai. isa racanAke atirikta inakI anya koI racanA nahIM milI hai. yaha svopajJavRtti lA0 da0 vidyAmandira, ahamadAbAdakI orase prakAzita hogI. (34) siddhasenagaNi kSamAzramaNa (vi0 chaThI zatI)--inakI Aja koI svatantra racanA prApta nahIM hai. inake race hue kucha sandarbha, jo niyukti, bhASya Adike vyAkhyAnarUpa gAthAsandarbha haiM, nizIthacUrNi va AvazyakacUrNimeM milate haiM. nizIthacUrNimeM inakA nAma evaM gAthAe~ chaH jagaha ullikhita haiM, jinake bhadrabAhukRta niyuktigAthAoM tathA purAtanagAthAoMke vyAkhyAnarUpa honekA nirdeza hai. AvazyakacUrNimeM (vibhAga 2, patra 233) inake nAmake sAtha do vyAkhyAna-gAthAe~ dI gaI haiM. paMcakalpacUrNimeM bhI " uktaM ca siddhasenakSamAzramaNagurubhiH" aisA likha kara inakI eka gAthAkA
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________________ OM8 ] jJAnAMjali uddharaNa kiyA hai. ina ullekhoM se patA calatA hai ki inakI Agamika vyAkhyAnagarbhita koI kRti yA kRtiyA~ avazya honI cAhie, jo Aja upalabdha nahIM haiM. (35) siddhasenagaNi ( vi0 saM0 chaThI zatI) - inakI eka hI kRti prApta huI hai - jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNakRta jItakalpa para racita cUrNi uparyukta siddhasenagaNI kSamAzramaNase ye siddhasena gaNi bhinna haiM. (36) jinadAsagaNI mahattara (vi0 7vIM zatAbdI) - nizIthacUrNike prArambhika ullekhAnusAra inake vidyAguru pradyumnagagi kSamAzramaNa the. Aja jo cUrgiyA~ upalabdha haiM inameM se nandI, anuyogadvAra aura nizIthakI cUrNiyAM inhIM kI racanAe~ haiM. (37) gopAlika mahattara ziSya (vi0 7vIM zatAbdI ) uttarAdhyayanacUrNike racayitA AcAryane apane nAmakA nirdeza na kara 'gopAlika mahattara ziSya' itanA hI ullekha kiyA hai. inakI koI racanA upalabdha nahIM hai. 44 (38) jinabhaTa yA jinabhadra (vi0 8vIM zatAbdI ) ye haribhadrake vidyAguru the. Avazyaka vRttike antameM AvArya haribhadrane inakA nAmollekha kiyA hai. etadviSayaka puSpikA isa * prakAra hai"kRtiH sitAmbarAcAryajina bhaTanigadAnusAriNo vidyAdhara kulatilakAcAryajinadatta ziSyasya dharmato yAkinImahattarAsU noralpamaterAcArya haribhadrasya. " isa ullekhameM 'jinamaTanigadAnusAriNaH ' vAkya vidyAgurutvakA sUcaka hai. pratyantaroMmeM 'jinabhaTa ' ke bajAya ' jinabhadra ' nAma bhI milatA hai. " guravastu vyAcakSate " aisA likhakara kaI jagaha haribhadrasUrine apanI kRtiyoMmeM inake mantavyakA nirdeza kiyA hai. (39) haribhadrasUri (vi0 8vIM zatAbdI) inakA upanAma 'bhavaviraha' bhI hai. apanI kRtiyoMmeM inhoMne 'bhavaviraha' padakA kaI jagaha prayoga kiyA hai. kahIM kahIM inakI kRtiyoM meM kevala 'viraha' padakA prayoga honeke kAraNa inheM virahAGka bhI kahate haiM. ye apaneko aneka granthoMkI antima puSpikA 'dharmato yAkinImahattarAsUna ' ke rUpameM bhI likhate haiM. ye jaina AgamoM ke pAraMgata AcArya the evaM darzanazAstroMke prakhara jJAtA the. inhoMne 1444 pranthoM kI racanA kI aisA praghoSa calA AtA hai. inhoMne apanI kRtiyoMmeM apanI jina-jina racanAoMke nAma nirdiSTa kiye haiM unameMse bhI bahutase grantha Aja aprApya haiM. phira bhI prAcIna jJAnabhaMDAroM ko TaTolane se inakI naI racanAe~ prApta hotI haiM. kucha varSa pahale hI khaMbhAtake prAcIna tAr3apatrIya bhaMDArameMse inakA racA huA yogazataka nAmaka grantha prApta huA thA. abhI hAla hI meM kaccha- mAMDavIke khataragacchIya prAcIna jJAnabhaMDarameMse isI granthakI svopajJa TIkAkI vi0 saM0 1964meM likhI huI tAr3apatrIya prati bhI prApta huI hai. -
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________________ jaina Agamadhara aura prAkRta vADamaya [. isI prakAra Aja apane pAsa jo lAkhoM kI tAdAdameM hastapratiyAM vidyamAna haiM, jinakI vyavasthita sUciyAM abhI taka nahIM banI haiM, unheM TaTolA jAya to, bahuta saMbhava hai ki, apanI kalpanAmeM bhI na ho aisI prAcIna prAcInatama aneka kRtiyAM prApta ho. AcArya haribhadrane tattvavicAra aura AcArake nirUpaNameM samanvayazailIko viziSTa rUpase Adara diyA hai, ataH inakI racanAoM meM pracura gAMbhIrya AyA hai. inake viSayameM vidvAnoMne aneka dRSTiyoMse kAphI likhA hai, tathApi prasaMgavaza yahAM kucha kahanA anucita na hogA. inhoMne Avazyaka, nando, anuyogadvAra, dazavaikAlika, prajJApanA, jIvAbhigama aura piNDaniyukti --- ina jaina AgamoM para apratima evaM maulika vRttiyoM kA nirmANa kiyA hai. AvazyakasUtra para to inhoMne do vRttiyA~ likhI thIM. inameM se ziSyahitA nAmaka 22000 zlokaparimita laghuvRtti hI prApta hai; kintu durbhAgya hai ki dArzanika cintanoMke mahAsAgara jaisI bRhadvRtti anupalabdha hai. isa vRttikA inhoMne apanI ziSyahitA-laghuvRttike prAraMbhameM " yadyapi mayA tathAnyaiH kRtA'sya vivRttistathApi saMkSepAt" isa prakAra nirdeza kiyA hai. isI bRhadvRttiko lakSya karake inhoMne nandIsUtrakI vRttimeM bhI " sAGketikazabdArthasambandhavAdimatamapyAvazyaka vicArayiSyAmaH" isa prakArakA ullekha kiyA hai. isa ullebase patA lagatA hai ki isa bahavRttimeM inhoMne kitane dArzanika vAdokI gaharI samIkSA kI hogI. isa bRhadvRttikA pramANa maladhArI AcArya hemacandrane apane Avazyaka hAribhadrI vRttike TippanameM (patra 2-1) " yadyapi mayA vRttiH kRtA ityevaMvAdini vRttikAre caturazItisahasrapramANA'nenaivAvazyakavRttiraparA kRtA''sIditi pravAdaH" isa ullekha dvArA 84000 zloka batalAyA hai. AcArya haribhadra aneka viSayoMke mahAn jJAtA the. inakI grantharacanAoMkA pravAha dekhanese anumAna hotA hai ki ye pUrvAvasthAmeM sAMkhyamatAnuyAyI rahe hoMge. inhoMne usa yugake bhAratIya darzanazAstroMkA gahagaIse adhyayana karanemeM koI kamI nahIM rakhI thI. yahI kAraNa hai ki inhoMne atigaMbhIratApUrvaka samasta dArzanika tattvoMkA jainadarzanake sAtha samanvaya karanekA prayatna kiyA hai. inhoMne dharmasaMgrahaNI, paMcavastuka, upadezapada, viMzativizikA, paMcAzaka, yogazataka, zrAvakadharmavidhitaMtra, dinazuddhi Adi zAstroMkA tathA samarAiccakahA, dhUrtAkhyAna Adi kathAoMkA prAkRta bhASAmeM nirmANa kara prAkRtabhASAko samRddha kiyA hai. ina granthoMmeM dArzanika, zAstrIya, jyotiSa, yoga, caritra Adi aneka viSayoM kA saMgraha hai. isa prakAra prAkRtabhASAko inakI bar3o dena hai. isI prakAra saMskRtameM bhI inhoMne anekAntavAda, anekAntajayapatAkA, nyAyapraveza, zAstravArtAsamuccaya, SaDdarzanasamuccaya, aSTakaprakaraNa, SoDazakaprakaraNa, dharmabindu, yogabindu, yogadRSTisamuccaya, lokatattvanirNaya Adi grantha banAye haiM. isa prakAra saMskRtabhASAko bhI inakI bar3I dena hai. (40) koTayAcArya - (vi0 9vIM zatAbdI) inhoMne vizeSAvazyakamahAbhASya para TIkA kI hai. isake alAvA inakI anya koI racanA nahIM milI hai,
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________________ 40] jJAnAMjali (41) vIrAcAryayugala - (1 vi0 9-10 zatAbdI aura 2 vi0 13 za0) AcArya haribhadra uparyukta piNDaniyuktivRttiko pUrNa kiye binA hI divaMgata ho gaye the. isakI pUrti vIrAcAryane kI thI. vIrAcArya do hue haiM. eka AcArya haribhadrakI apUrNa vRttiko pUrNa karanevAle aura dUsare piNDaniyuktikI svatantra vRtti banAne vAle. ina dUsare vaurAcAryane apanI vRttike prArambhameM isa prakAra likhA hai : "paJcAzakAdizAstravyUhapravidhAyakA vivRtimasyAH / Arebhire vidhAtu pUrva haribhadraprivarAH // 7 // te sthApanokhyadoSaM yAvad vivRti vidhAya divamagaman / taduparitanI tu kaizcid vIrAcAryaiH samApyeSA // 8 // tatrAmIbhiramuSyAH sugamA gAthA imA iti vibhAvya / kAzcinna vyAkhyAtAH, yA vivRtAstA api stokam // 9 // tAH samprati mandadhiyAM durbodhA iti mayA samastAnAm / tAsAM vyaktavyAkhyAhetoH kriyate prayAso'yam // 10 // (42) zIlAMkAcArya (vi0 10 za0)- inhoMne AcArAMga va sUtrakRtAMgakI TIkA kI hai. ina do TIkAoMmeM dArzanika padArthokI aneka prakArase vicAraNA kI gaI hai. AcArAMga prathama zruta skaMdha TikAkI samApti vi0 saM0 907meM huI hai aura dvitIya zrutaskaMdhaTIkAkI samApti vi0 saM0 919 yA 933meM huI hai. cauppannamahApurisacariyake praNetA zolAMkase ye zIlAMka bhinna haiM. (43) vAdivetAla zAntisUri (vi0 11 vIM zatAbdI )--uttarAdhyayanasUtrakI pAiyaTIkAke praNetA yahI AcArya haiM. ye vikramako gyArahavIM zatAbdImeM hue haiM. gopAlikamahattaraziSya praNIta cUrNike bAda aneka dArzanika vAdoM se pUrNa samartha TIkA yahI hai. isake bAda jo aneka TIkAe~ likhI gaI una sabakA mUla srota yahI TokA hai. isameM prAkRta aMzakI adhikatA hai ataH isakA nAma 'pAiya TIkA' pracalita ho gayA hai. AcArya haribhadraviracita aura AcArya malayagiriviracita AvazyakasUtrakI TIkAe~, droNAcAryakI odhaniyuktivRtti va nemicandrasUrikI uttagadhyayanasUtrakI sukhabodhA TIkA prAkRtapradhAna hI hai. (44) droNAcArya (vi0 12 za0)- ye jaina AgamoMke atirikta svaparadarzanazAstroke bhI jJAtA AcArya the. inhoMne abhayadevAcAryaviracita jaina aMga AgamoMkI TIkAoMke atirikta anya TIkAgranthoMkA bhI saMzodhana Adi kiyA hai. inakI apanI eka hI kRti hai aura vaha hai oghaniyuktivRtti. (45) abhayadevasUri (vi0 12 vIM za0)-- inhoMne sthAnAMga Adi nau aMgasUtroM para vRttiyAM banAI haiM ataH ye 'navAjhavRttikAra 'ke nAmase pahacAne jAte haiM. ina aMga AgamoMmeM jagaha -jagaha varNaka-saMdarbhIkA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai ataH sarvaprathama inhoMne aupapAtika upAMgasUtrakI vRtti
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________________ jaina Agamadhara aura prAkRta vADmaya [41 banAI jisase bAra-bAra AnevAle nirdiSTa varNakasthAnomeM ekavAkyatA banI rahe. AcArya abhayadevasUrikI ina vRttiyoMkA saMzodhana va parivardhana uparyukta caityavAsI zrI droNAcAryane kiyA hai, jo usa. yugake eka mahAn Agamadhara AcArya the. AcArya abhayadevasUrine apanI ina vRttiyoM meM kAphI dattacitta hokara apane yugameM prApta anekAneka prAcIna-prAcInatama sUtrapratiyoMko ekatra kara aMgasUtroke pAThoMko vyavasthita karanekA mahAn kArya kiyA hai, ataH inakI vRttiyoM meM pAThabheda evaM vAcanAntara AdikA kAphI saMgraha huA hai. isa kAryameM inake aneka vidvAn ziSya-praziSyoMne inheM sahAyatA dI hai, isa prakArakA ullekha inhoMne apanI granthaprazastiyoM meM kiyA hai. (46) maladhArI hemacandrasari (vi0 12 za0)--ye AcArya jaina AgamoMke samartha jJAtA the. inhoMne jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNaviracita vizeSAvazyakamahAbhASya para 28000 zlokaparimita vistRta vivaraNakI racanA vi0 saM0 1175meM kI. anuyogadvArasUtra para inhoMne vistRta vyAkhyA racI hai. AvazyakasUtrakI hAribhadrIvRtti para vistRta Tippana bhI inhoMne likhA hai. ye racanAeM inake prakhara pANDityakI sUcaka haiM. ina vivaraNoMke atirikta inhoMne prAcIna zatakakarmagranthavRtti, jIvasamAsaprakaraNavRtti, puSpamAlAprakaraNa svopajJavRttiyukta, bhavabhAvanAprakaraNa svopajJavRttiyukta Adi anya grantha bhI banAye haiM. vizeSAvazyakamahAbhASyakI TIkAke antameM Apane apanI grantharacanAoMkA krama isa prakAra diyA hai-- __" tato mayA tasya paramapuruSasyopadezaM zrutvA viracayya jhaTiti nivezitamAvazyakaTippanakAbhidhAnaM sadbhAvanAmaJjUSAyAM nUtanaphalakam. tato'paramapi zatakavivaraNanAmakam , anyadapyanuyogadvAravRttisaMjJitam , tato'paramapyupadezamAlAsUtrAbhidhAnam , aparaM tu tavRttinAmakam , anyacca jIvasamAsavivaraNanAmadheyam, anyattu bhavabhAvanAsUtrasaMjJitam aparaM tu tadvivaraNanAmakam , anyacca jhaTiti viracayya tasyAH sadbhAvanAmaJjUSAyA aGgabhUtaM nivezitaM nandiTippanakanAmadheyaM nUtanaM phalakam. etaizca nUtanaphalakainivezitairvajramayIva saJjAtAsau maJjUSA teSAM pApAnAmagamyA. tatastairatIvacchalaghAtitayA saJcUrNayitumArabdhaM taddvAra-kapATasampuTam , tato mayA sasambhrameNa nipuNaM tatpratividhAnopAyaM cintayitvA viracayitumArabdhaM taddvArapidhAnahetovizeSAvazyakavivaraNAbhidhAnaM vajramayamiva nUtanakapATasampuTam , tatazcAbhayakumAragaNi-dhanadevagaNi-jinabhadragaNi-lakSmaNagaNi-vibudhacandrAdimunivRnda-zrImahAnanda-zrImahattarA vIramatIgaNinyAdisAhAyyAd re re ! nizcitamidAnI hatA vayaM yadyetanniSpadyate, tato dhAvata dhAvata gRhIta gRhNIta lagata lagata' ityAdi prakurvatAM sarvAtmazaktyA praharatAM hAhAravaM kurvatAM ca mohAdicaraTAnAM cirAt kathaM kathamapi viracayya tadvAre nivezitametaditi." [ patra 1356 ] isa ullekhameM Apane nandiTippanaka racanAkA ullekha kiyA hai, jo Aja prApta nahIM hai. sAthameM yaha bhI eka bAta hai. ki- inhIMke ziSya zrI zrIcandrasUrine prAkRta munisuvratasvAmicaritrake 8
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________________ 42] jJAnAMjali antameM zrI hemacandrasUrikA jIvanacaritra diyA hai jisameM inakI grantharacanAoMkA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| kintu usameM nandI Tippanakake nAmakA nirdeza nahIM hai, yaha Azcarya kI bAta hai. munisuvratasvAmicaritrakA ullekha isa prakAra hai je seNa sayaM rahayA gaMthA te saMpara kahemi // 41 // suttamuvapasamAlA-bhavabhAvaNapagaraNANi kAUNaM / gaMthasahassA caudasa terasa vittI kayA jeNa // 42 // aNuogaddArANaM jIvasamAsassa taha ya sayagassa / jeNaM cha satta cauro gaMthasahassA kayA vittI // 43 // mUlAvalaya vittIya uvari razyaM ca TippaNaM jeNa / paMca sahassapamANaM visamaTThANAvabodhayaraM // 44 // jeNa visesAvasya suttassuvariM savitrA vittI / raiyA pariSphuDatthA aDavIsasahassaparimANA // 45 // vakkhANaguNa siddhiM soUNaM jassa gujaranariMdo / jayasiMhadevanAmo kayaguNijaNamaNacamakkAro // 46 // isa ullekhameM zrIhemacandrasUriracita saba granthoMke nAma aura unakA granthapramANa bhI ullikhita hai. sirpha isameM nandIsUtra TippanakakA nAma zAmila nahIM hai. saMbhAvanA kI jAtI hai ki isa caritakI prArambhika nakala karaneke samaya prAcIna kAlase hI 44 gAthAke bAdakI eka gAthA chuTa gaI hai. astu, kucha bhI ho, zrIhemacandrasUri mahArAjane Apa hI apanI vizeSAvazyakavRttike antameM " anyacca jhaTiti viracayya tasyAH sadbhAvanAmaJjUSAyA aGgabhUtaM nivezitaM nandiTippanakanAmadheyaM phalakam " aisA ullekha kiyA hai. isase yaha bAta to nirvivAda hai ki Apane nandiTippanakakI racanA avazya kI thI, jo Aja prApta nahIM hai. Aja jo nandiTippanaka prApta hai vaha zIlabhadrasUri evaM dhanezvarasUri ina do guruke ziSya zrIcandrasUrikA racita hai jo prAkRta TeksTa sosAyaTIkI orase chapa kara prakAzita hogA. (47) AcArya malayagiri ( vi0 12-13 za 0 ) - inake guru, gaccha Adike nAmakA koI patA nahIM lagatA. ye gUrjarezvara caulukyarAja jayasiMhadeva ke mAnanIya aura mahArAjA kumArapAladevake dharmaguru zrIhemacandrAcArya ke vidyA-ArAdhanA ke sahacArI the. AcArya hemacandra ke sAtha inakA sambandha ati gahare pUjyabhAvakA thA. isalie inhoMne apanI AvazyakavRttimeM AcArya hemacandrakI dvAtriMzikAkA uddharaNa dete hue " Aha ca stutiSu guravaH " isa prakAra unake lie atyAdaragarbhita zabdaprayoga kiyA hai. inhoMne nandIsUtra, bhagavatI - dvitIyazataka, rAjapraznIya, prajJApanA, jIvAbhigama, sUryaprajJapti, candraprajJapti, vyavahArasUtra, bRhatkalpa, Avazyaka piNDaniryukti evaM jyotiSkaraNDaka - ina jaina AgamoM para sapAdalakSa lokapramANa vRttiyoMkI racanA kI hai. inakI ina vRttiyoM aura dharmasaMgrahaNI, karmaprakRti, paMcasaMgraha
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________________ jaina Agamadhara ora prAkRta vAya [43 AdikI vRttioMke avagAhanase patA lagatA hai ki ye kevala jaina AgamoMke hI dhuraMdhara jJAtA evaM pAraMgata vidvAn na the apitu gaNitazAstra, darzanazAstra evaM karmasiddhAntameM bhI pAraMgata the. inhoMne malayagirizabdAnuzAsana nAmaka vyAkaraNakI bhI racanA kI thI. apane vRttigraMthoM meM ye isI vyAkaraNake sUtroMkA ullekha karate haiM. inake jambUdvIpaprajJaptiTIkA oghaniyuktiTIkA, vizeSAvazyakavRtti, tattvArthasUtraTIkA, dharmasAraprakaraNaTIkA, devendranarakendraprakaraNaTIkA Adi kaI grantha Aja prApta nahIM haiM. inakI koI maulika kRti upalabdha nahIM hai. dekhA jAtA hai ki ye vyAkhyAkAra hI rahe haiM. vyAkhyAkAroM meM inakA sthAna sarvotkRSTa hai. ___ (48) zrIcandrasari (vi. 12-13 za0)--zrI zrIcandrasUri do hue haiM. eka maladhArI zrI hemacandrasUrike ziSya, jinhoMne saMgrahaNIprakaraNa, munisuvratasvAmicaritra prAkRta, laghupravacanasAroddhAra AdikI racanA kI hai. dUsare candrakulIna zrIzIlabhadrasUri aura dhanezvarasUri guruyugalake ziSya, jinhoMne nyAyapravezapaJjikA, jayadeva chandaHzAstravRtti-Tippanaka, nizIthacUrNiTippanaka , nandisUtrahAribhadrIvRttiTippanaka, jItakalpacUrNiTippanaka, paMcopAMgasUtravRtti, zrAddhapratikramaNasUtravRtti, piNDavizuddhivRtti AdikI racanA kI hai. yahA~ para ye dUsare zrIcandrasUri hI abhipreta haiM. inakA AcAryAvasthAke pUrvameM pArzvadevagaNi nAma thA-aisA Apane hI nyAyapravezapaJjikAkI antima puSpikAmeM sUcita kiyA hai. (49) AcArya kSemakIrti (vi. 1332)-ye tapAgacchake mAnya gItArtha AcArya the. AcArya malayagiriprArabdha bRhatkalpavRttikI pUrti inhoMne bar3I yogyatAke sAtha kI hai. AcArya malayagirine jo vRtti kevala pIThikAkI gAthA 606 paryanta hI likhI thI usakI pUrti lagabhaga sau varSake bAda meM inhoMne vi0 saM0 1332meM kI. isa vRttike atirikta inakI anya koI kRti prApta nahIM huI hai. bRhadbhASyakArAdi (vi0 8 vIM za0)-yahAM para anekAneka prAcIna sthaviroMkA jo mahAn Agamadhara the tathA jinake pAsa prAcIna guruparamparAoMkI virAsata thI, saMkSepameM paricaya diyA gayA. aise bhI aneka gItArtha sthavira haiM jinake nAmakA koI patA nahIM hai. kalpabRhadbhASyakAra Adi evaM kalpavizeSacUrNikAra Adi isI prakArake sthavira haiM jinakI vidvattAkI paricAyaka kRtiyAM Aja hamAre sAmane vidyamAna haiM. avacUrNikArAdi (vi. 12 za0 se 18 za0)- Upara jaina AgamoMke dhuraMdhara sthaviroMkA paricaya diyA gayA hai. inake bAda eka choTA kintu mahattvakA kArya karane vAle jo prakIrNakakAra, avacUrNikAra Adi AcArya hue haiM ve bhI cirasmaraNIya haiM. yahA~ saMkSepameM inake nAmAdikA ullekha kara detA hU~-- 1. pArzvasAdhu [vi0 saM0 956], 2. vIrabhadragaNi [vi0 saM0 1078 meM ArAdhanApatAkA, bRhazcatuHzaraNa Adike praNetA], 3. namisAdhu [saM. 1123]. 4. nemicandrasUri [saM0 1129],
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________________ 44 ] jJAnAli 5. municandrasUri [vi0 12vIM zatAbdI; lalitavistarA paJjikA, upadezapadaTIkA, devendranarakendra prakaraNavRtti, anekasaMkhyaprakaraNa, kulaka Adike praNetA ], 6. yazodevasUri [saM0 1980 ], 7. vijayasiMhasUri [saM0 1983, zrAvakapratikramaNacUrNike praNetA ], 8. tilakAcArya [saM0 1296], 9. sumatisAdhu [vi0 13vIM za0 ], 10. pRthvIcandrasUri [vi0 13vIM za0 ], 11. jinaprabhasUri [saM0 1364], 12. bhuvanatuMgasUri [vi014 vaza0 ], 13. jJAnasAgarasUri [saM0 1440 ], 14. guNaratnasUri [vi0 15vIM za0 ], 15. ratnazekharasUri [saM0 1496], 16. kamalasaMyamopAdhyAya [saM0 1544 ], 17. vinayahaMsagaNi [saM0 1572 ], 18. jina haMsasUri [saM0 1582], 19. harSakula [saM0 1583], 20. brahmarSi [vi0 16vIM za0 ], 21. vijayavimalagaNI - vArSi [saM0 1634], 22. samayasundaropAdhyAya [vi0 17 vIM za0 ], 23. dharmasAgaropAdhyAya [saM0 1639], 24. puNyasAgaropAdhyAya [saM0 1645 ], 25. zAnticandropAdhyAya [saM0 1650 ], 26. bhAvavijayagaNi [vi0 17 vIM za0 ], 27, jJAnavimalasUri [vi0 17vIM za0 ], 28. lakSmIvallabhagaNi [vi0 17vIM za0 ], 29-30 sumatikallolagaNa va harSanandanagaNi [saM0 1705, sthAnAMgasUtravRttigatagAthAvRttike racayitA ], 31. nagarSi [vi0 18 vIM za0 ] ityAdi. ina vidvAn AcAryoMne jaina AgamoM para choTI-bar3I mahattvakI vRtti, laghuvRtti, paMjikA, avacUri, avacUrNi, dIpikA, dIpaka, Tippana, viSamapadaparyAya Adi bhinna bhinna nAmoM vAlI vyAkhyAeM likhI haiM jo mUlasUtroMkA artha samajhane meM bar3I sahAyaka hai. ye vyAkhyAeM prAcIna vRttiyoMke aMzoMkA zabdazaH saMgraha rUpa hone para bhI kabhI-kabhI ina vyAkhyAoM meM pAribhASika saMketoMko samajhAneke lie pracalita dezI bhASAkA bhI upayoga kiyA gayA haiM. kahIM-kahIM prAcIna vRttiyoM meM 'sugama' ' spaSTa ' 'pAThasiddha' Adi likhakara chor3a diye gaye sthAnoMkI vyAkhyA bhI inameM pAI jAtI hai. isa dRSTise ina vyAkhyAkAroMke bhI hama bahuta kRtajJa haiM. prAkRta vAGmaya bhAratIya prAkRta vAGmaya aneka viSayoMmeM vibhakta hai. sAmAnyataH inakA vibhAga isa prakAra kiyA jA sakatA hai : -- jaina Agama, jaina prakaraNa, jaina carita-kathA, stuti stotrAdi, vyAkaraNa, koSa, chaMdaHzAstra, alaMkAra, kAvya, nATaka, subhASita Adi. yahAM para ina sabakA saMkSepameM paricaya diyA jAyagA. jaina Agama - jisa prakAra vaidika aura bauddha sAhitya mukhya aura avAntara aneka vibhAgoM meM vibhakta hai usI prakAra jaina Agama bhI aneka vibhAgoM meM vibhakta hai. prAcIna kAlameM AgamoMke aMga Agama aura aMgabAhya Agama yA kAlika Agama aura utkAlika Agama isa taraha vibhAga kiye jAte the. aMga Agama ve haiM jinakA zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke gyAraha gaNadhara - paTTaziSyoMne
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________________ jaina Agamadhara ora prAkRta vAlmaya nirmANa kiyA hai. aMgabAhya Agama ve haiM jinakI racanA zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIrake anya gItArya sthaviroM, ziSyoM-praziSyoM evaM unake paramparAgata sthaviroM ne kI thI. sthaviroMne inhIM AgamoMke kAlika aura utkAlika aise do vibhAga kiye haiM. nizcita kiye gaye samayameM par3he jAne vAle Agama kAlika haiM aura kisI bhI samayameM par3he jAne vAle Agama utkAlika haiM. Aja saikaDoM varSoMse inake mukhya vibhAga aMga, upAMga, cheda, mUla, Agama, zeSa Agama evaM prakIrNakake rUpameM rUr3ha haiM. prAcIna yugameM ina AgamoMkI saMkhyA naMdIsUtra aura pAkSikasUtrake anusAra caurAsI thI parantu Aja paiMtAlisa hai. naMdIsUtra meM evaM pAkSikasUtrameM jina AgamoMke nAma diye haiM unameMse Aja bahutase Agama aprApya haiM jaba ki Aja mAne jAnevAle AgamoMko saMkhyAmeM naye nAma bhI dAkhila ho gaye haiM jo bahuta pIcheke arthAt gyArahavIM zatAbdIke prathama caraNake bhI haiM. Aja mAne jAnevAle paiMtAlIsa AgamoMmeMse bayAlIsa AgamoMke nAma naMdIsUtra aura pAkSikasUtrameM pAye jAte haiM kintu Aja AgamoMkA jo krama pracalita hai vaha gyAraha aMgoMko chor3a kara zeSa AgamoMkA naMdIsUtra aura pAkSikasUtrameM nahIM pAyA jAtA. naMdIsUtrakArane aMga Agamako chor3akara zeSa sabhI AgamoMko prakIrNakoMmeM samAviSTa kiyA hai. Agamake aMga, upAMga, cheda, prakIrNaka Adi vibhAgoMmeMse aMgoM ke bAraha honekA samarthana svayaM aMga graMtha bhI karate haiM. upAMga Aja bAraha mAne jAte haiM kintu svayaM nirayAvalikA nAmaka upAMgameM upAMgake pAMca varga honekA ullekha hai. cheda zabda niyuktiyoMmeM nizIthAdike lie prayukta hai. prakIrNaka zabda bhI naMdIsUtra jitanA to purAnA hai hI kintu usameM aMgetara sabhI AgamoMko prakIrNaka kahA gayA hai. aMga AgamoMko chor3akara dUsare AgamoM kA nirmANa alaga-alaga samayameM huA hai. paNNavaNA sUtra zyAmAryapraNIta hai. dazA, kalpa evaM vyavahAra sUtrake praNetA caturdaza pUrvadhara sthavira Arya bhadrabAhu haiM. nizIthasUtrake praNetA Arya bhadrabAhu yA vizAkhagaNi mahattara haiM. anuyogadvArasUtrake nirmAtA sthavira AryarakSita haiM. naMdIsUtrake kartA zrI devavAcaka hai. prakIrNakoMmeM gine jAne vAle causaraNa, AurapaJcakkhANa, bhattapariNNA aura ArAdhanApatAkAke racayitA vIrabhadragaNi haiM. ye ArAdhanApatAkAkI prazastike 'vikkamanivakAlAo aThuttarime samAsahassammi' aura 'attarime samAsahassammi' pAThabhedake anusAra vikrama saMvat 1008 yA 1078 meM hue haiM. bRhaTippaNikAkArane ArAdhanApatAkAkA racanAkAla 'ArAdhanApatAkA 1078 varSe vIrabhadrAcAryakRtA' arthAt saM0 1078 kahA hai. 'ArAdhanApatAkA' meM graMthakArane 'ArAhaNAvihiM puNa bhattapariNAi vaNNimo puci' (gAthA 51) arthAt 'ArAdhanAvidhikA varNana hamane pahale bhakta-parijJAmeM kara diyA hai' aisA likhA hai. isa nirdezase yaha graMtha inhIMkA racA huA siddha hotA hai. Ajake causaraNa evaM AurapaJcakkhANake racanA-kramako dekhanese ye prakIrNaka bhI inhIMke race hue pratIta hote haiM. vIrabhadra kI yaha ArAdhanApatAkA yApanIya 'AcAryapraNIta ArAdhanA bhagavatI' kA anukaraNa karake racI gaI hai. naMdIsUtrameM 'AurapaJcakkhANa' kA jo
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________________ 4.] jJAnAMjali nAma AtA hai vaha Ajake 'AurapaJcakkhANase alaga hai. sAmAnyataH vIrabhadAcAryako bhagavAn mahAvIrakA ziSya mAnate haiM parantu uparokta pramANako par3haneke vAda yaha mAnyatA bhrAnta siddha hotI hai. isa prakAra dUsare Agama bhI alaga-alaga samayameM race hue haiM. ho sakatA hai ki rAyapaseNIyasUtra bhagavAn mahAvIrake samaya hI meM racA gayA ho. naMdI-pAkSika sUtroMke anusAra AgamoMke caurAsI nAmoM va Ajake pracalita AgamoM ke nAmoMse vidvAn paricita haiM hI ataH unakA ullekha na karake maiM muddekI bAta kaha detA hU~ ki- Aja aMgasUtroMmeM jo praznavyAkaraNasUtra hai vaha maulika nahIM kintu tatsthAnApanna koI nayA hI sUtra hai. isa bAtakA patA naMdIsUtra va samavAyAMgake Agama-paricayase lagatA hai. AcArya zrI municaMdrasUrine devendra-narakendra prakaraNakI apanI vRttimeM rAjapraznIya sUtrakA nAma 'rAjaprasenajit' likhA hai jo naMdIpAkSika sUtrameM dIye hue 'rAyappaseNaiya' isa prAkRta nAmase saMgati baiThAneke lie hai. vaise rAjapraznIyameM pradezirAjAkA caritra hai. isa Agamako par3hate hue petavatthu nAmaka bauddhagraMthakA smaraNa ho jAtA hai. prakIrNaka-sAmAnyatayA prakIrNaka dasa mAne jAte haiM kintu inakI koI nizcita nAmAvalI na honeke kAraNa ye nAma kaI prakArase ginAye jAte haiM. ina saba prakAromeM se saMgraha kiyA jAya to kula bAIsa nAma prApta hote haiM jo isa prakAra haiM - 1. causaraNa, 2. AurapaJcakvANa, 3. bhattapariNagA, 4. saMthAraya, 5. taMdulaveyAliya, 6. caMdAvemaya, 7. devidatthaya, 8. gaNivijjA, 9. mahApaccakkhANa, 10. vIrasthaya, 11 isibhAsiyAI, 12. ajIvakappa, 13. gacchAyAra, 14. maraNasamAdhi, 15. titthogAli, 16. ArAhaNApaDAgA, 17. dIvasAgarapaNNatti, 18. joisakaraMDaya, 19. aMgavijA, 20. siddhapAhuDa, 21. sArAvalI, 22. jIvavibhatti. ina prakIrNakoMke nAmoMmeM se naMdI-pAkSikasUtrameM utkAlika sUtravibhAgameM deviMdatthaya, taMdaveyAliya, caMdAvejjhaya, gaNivijA, maraNavibhatti-maraNasamAhi, AurapaccakkhANa, mahApaJcakkhANa, ye sAta nAma aura kAlika vibhAgameM isibhAsiyAI, dovasAgarapaNNatti ye do nAma isa prakAra 9 nAma pAye jAte haiM. phira bhI causaraNa, AjakA AurapaJcakkhANa, bhattapariNA, saMthAraya aura ArAhaNApaDAgA-ina prakIrNako ko chor3akara dUsare prakIrNaka bahuta prAcIna haiM, jinakA ullekha cUrNikAroMne apanI cUrNiyoMmeM kiyA hai. taMdulaveyAliyakA ullekha agastyacUrNi (patra 3)meM hai. jaise karmaprakRti zAstrakA kammappagaDIsaMgrahaNI nAma kahA jAtA hai, isI prakAra dIvasAgarapaNNattikA dIvasAgarapaNNatisaMgrahaNI yaha nAma saMbhAvita hai. zvetAMbara mUrtipUjaka varga titthogAlipaiNNayako prakIrNakoMkI ginatImeM zAmila karatA hai, kintu
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________________ jaina Agamadhara aura prAkRta vADmaya [ 47 isa prakIrNakameM aisI bahuta-sI bAteM haiM jo zvetAmbaroM ko svapna meM bhI mAnya nahIM haiM aura anubhavase dekhA jAya to usameM AgamoMke naSTa honekA jo krama diyA hai vaha saMgata bhI nahIM hai. aMgavijjApaiNNaya eka phalAdezakA 9000 zloka parimita mahatvakA graMtha hai. isameM grahanakSatrAdi yA rekhAdi lakSaNoMke AdhAra para phalAdezakA vicAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai, kintu mAnavakI anekavidha ceSTAoM evaM kriyAoMke AdhAra para phalAdeza diyA gayA hai. eka taraha mAnA jAya to mAnasazAstra evaM aMgazAstrako lakSya meM rakhakara isa graMthakI racanA kI gaI hai. bhAratIya vAGmaya meM isa viSayakA aisA evaM itanA mahAkAya graMtha dUsarA koI bhI upalabdha nahIM huA hai. AgamoMkI vyAkhyA Upara jina jaina mUla AgamasUtroMkA saMkSepameM paricaya diyA gayA hai unake Upara prAkRta bhASAmeM aneka prakArakI vyAkhyAe~ likhI gaI haiM. inake nAma kramazaH -- niryukti, saMgrahaNI, bhASya, mahAbhASya; ye gAthAbaddha padyabaddha vyAkhyAgraMtha haiM. aura cUrNi, vizeSacUrNi evaM prAcIna vRttiyA~ gadyabaddha vyAkhyAgraMtha haiM. niyuktiyA~ -- sthavira Arya bhadrabAhu svAmIne dasa AgamoM para niyuktiyA~ racI haiM, jinake nAma inhoMne Avazyaka niryuktimeM isa prakAra likhe haiM Avasyasla 1 dasakAliyarala 2 taha uttarajjha 3 mAyAre 4 / sUyagaDe Nijjunti 5 vocchAmi tahA dasANaM ca 6 // kappassa ya Nijjupti, vavahArasleva paramaniuNassa 8 / sUriyapaNNattI 9 vocchaM itibhAsiyANaM ba 10 // ina gAthAoM meM sUcita kiyA hai tadanusAra inhoMne dasa AgamoMkI niyuktiyA~ racI thIM. AgamoM kI astavyasta dazA, anuyogakI pRthaktA Adi kAraNoMse ina niyuktiyoMkA mUla svarUpa kAyama na rahakara Aja inameM kAphI parivartana aura hAni-vRddhi ho cuke haiM. ina parivartita evaM parivarddhita niyuktiyoM kA maulika parimANa kyA thA ? yaha samajhanA Aja kaThina hai. khAsa karake jina para bhASyamahAbhASya race gaye unakA mizraNa to aisA ho gayA hai ki svayaM AcArya zrI malayagiriko bRhat - kalpakI vRtti (patra 1) meM yaha kahanA par3A ki - - sUtrasparzikaniryuktirbhAvyaM caiko graMtho jAtaH ' aura unhoMne apanI vRtti meM niyukti-bhASyako kahIM bhI pRthak karanekA prayatna nahIM kiyA hai. sUryaprajJapti aura RSibhASitasUtrakI niyuktiyA~ upalabdha nahIM haiM. uttarAdhyana, AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, dazA ina AgamoM kI niyuktiyoMkA parimANa spaSTarUpase mAlUma ho jAtA hai. Avazyaka, dazakAlika AdikI niyuktiyoM kA parimANa bhASyagAthAoMkA mizraNa ho jAnese nizcita karanA kaThina jarUra hai, tathApi parizrama karanese isakA nizcaya ho sakatA hai kintu kalpa va vyavahArasUtrakI
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________________ jJAnAMjali 44] niyuktiyoMkA parimANa kisI bhI prakAra nizcita nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| hA~, itanA avazya hai ki--cUrNi-vizeSacUrNikAroM ne kahIM-kahIM 'purAtanagAthA, niyuktigAthA' ityAdi likhA hai, jisase niyuktigAthAokA kucha khyAla A sakatA hai to bhI saMpUrNatayA niyuktigAthAoMkA viveka yA pRthakkaraNa karanA muzkila hI hai. __ Upara jina niyuktioMkA ullekha kiyA hai inake atirikta oghaniyukti, piMDaniyukti aura saMsaktaniyukti ye tIna niyuktiyAM aura milatI haiM. inameM se opaniyukti AvazyakaniyuktimeMse aura piMDaniyukti dazavaikAlikaniyuktimeMse alaga kiye gaye aMza haiM. saMsaktaniyukti bahuta bAdakI evaM visaMgata racanA hai. __ sthavira Arya bhadrabAhuviracita niyuktiyoM ke alAvA bhASya aura cUrNiyoMmeM goviMdanijjuttikA bhI ullekha AtA hai, jo sthavira Arya goviMdako racI huI thI. Aja isa niyuktikA patA nahIM hai. yaha naSTa ho gaI yA kisI niyuktimeM samAviSTa ho gaI ! yaha kahA nahIM jA sakatA. nizIthacUrNimeM isa prakArakA ullekha milatA hai--" teNa egidiyajIvasAhaNaM govindanijjuttI kayA" inake alAvA aura kisI niyuktikArakA nirdeza nahIM milatA hai. niyuktiyoMkI racanA mUlasUtroMke aMzoMke vyAkhyAnarUpa hotI hai. saMgrahaNiyAM--saMgrahaNiyoMkI racanA paMcakalpa mahAbhASyake ullekhAnusAra sthavira Arya kAlakakI hai. pAkSikasUtrameM bhI " sasutte satye sargathe sanijjuttie sasaMgahaNie" isa sUtrAMzameM saMgrahaNIkA ullekha hai. isase bhI pratIta hotA hai ki saMgrahaNiyoMkI racanA kAphI prAcIna hai, Aja spaSTarUpase patA nahIM calatA hai ki-sthavira Arya kAlakane kaunase AgamoMkI saMgrahaNiyoMkI racanA kI thI ? aura unakA parimANa kyA thA ? to bhI anumAna hotA hai ki--bhagavatIsUtra, jIvAbhigamopAMga prajJApanAsUtra, zramaNapratikramaNasUtra AdimeM jo saMgrahaNiyAM pAI jAtI haiM ve hI ye ho. isase adhika kahanA kaThina hai. bhASya-mahAbhASya - jaina sUtroMke bhASya-mahAbhASyakArake rUpameM do kSamAzraNoM ke nAma pAye jAte haiM - 1 saMghadAsagaNi kSamAzramaNa aura jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa. jaina AgamoMke mahAkAya bhASya-mahAbhASya nimnoka ATha prApya haiM - 1 vizeSAvazyaka mahAbhASya 2 kalpalaghubhASya 3 kalpabRhadbhASya 4 paMcakalpabhASya 5 vyavahArabhASya 6 nizIthabhASya 7 jItakalpabhASya 8 opaniyuktimahAbhASya. kalpalaghubhASya evaM paMcakalpamahAbhASya ke praNetA saMghadAsagaNi kSamAzramaNa haiM va vizeSAvazyaka mahAbhASyake praNetA jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa haiM. dUsare bhASya-mahAbhASyoMke kartA kauna haiM, isakA patA abhI taka nahIM lagA hai. saMpadAsagaNi jinabhadragaNise pUrvavartI haiM. zrIjinabhadragaNi mahAbhASyakArake nAmase labdhapratiSTha haiM. jina AgamoM para niyuktiyoMkI racanA hai unake bhASya, mUlasUtra va niyuktiko
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________________ jaina Agamadhara aura prAkRta vADmaya [ 48 lakSyameM rakhakara race gaye haiM. jinakI niyuktiyA~ nahIM haiM, unake bhASya sUtrako hI lakSita karake ra gaye haiM. udAharaNa rUpameM jItakalpasUtra aura usakA bhASya samajhanA cAhie. mahAbhASyake do prakAra haiM. - pahalA prakAra vizeSAvazyaka mahAbhASya, oghaniyukti mahAbhASya Adi haiM, jinake laghubhASya nahIM haiM. ve sIdhe niryuktike Upara hI svataMtra mahAbhASya haiM. dUsarA prakAra laghubhASyako lakSita karake race hue mahAbhASya haiM. isakA udAharaNa kalpabRhadbhASya ko samajhanA cAhie. yaha mahAbhASya apUrNa hI milatA hai. nizItha aura vyavahArake bhI mahAbhASya the, aisA praghoSa calA AtA hai, kintu Aja ve prApta nahIM haiM. nizItha mahAbhASyake astitvakA ullekha bRhaTTippanikAkAra - prAcIna graMthasUcIkArane apanI sUcImeM bhI kiyA hai. Upara jina mahAkAya bhASya - mahAbhASyakA paricaya diyA gayA hai unake alAvA Avazyaka, oghaniyukti, piMDaniryukti, dazavaikAlika sUtra Adike Upara bhI laghubhASya prApta hote haiM. kintu inakA mizraNa niyuktiyoM ke sAtha aisA ho gayA hai ki kaI jagaha niyukti-bhASyagAthA kauna-sI evaM kitanI haiM ? - isakA nirNaya karanA kaThina ho jAtA hai. isameMse bhI jaba maiMne Avazyaka sUtra kI cUrNi aura hAribhadrI vRttiko dekhA taba to maiM asamaMsajameM par3a gayA. cUrNikAra kahIM bhI ' bhASyagAthA' nAmakA ullekha nahIM karate haiM, jabaki AcArya haribhadra sthAna-sthAna para ' bhASya aura mUlabhASya ' ke nAmase avataraNa dete haiM. AcArya zrI haribhadra jina gAthAoM ko mUlabhASyakI gAthAeM pharamAte haiM unameM se bahuta-sI gAthAoM kA ullekha yA una para cUrNi cUrNikArane kI hI nahIM hai. yadyapi unameM se kaI gAthAoMkI cUrNi pAI jAtI hai, phira bhI cUrNikArane kahIM bhI una gAthAoMkA 'mUlabhAgya' ke rUpa meM ullekha nahIM kiyA hai. pratIta hotA hai ki - AcArya zrI haribhadrane dazavaikAlika niyukti kI taraha isa vRtti meM kAphI gAthAoMkA saMgraha kara liyA hai. -- cUrNi - vizeSacUrNi * AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga. bhagavatIsUtra, jIvAbhigama, jaMbUdvIpaprajJapti, prajJApanAsUtra, dazA, kalpa, vyavahAra, nizItha, paMcakalpa, jItakalpa, Avazyaka, dazavaikAlika, uttarAdhyayana, piMDaniryukti, nandIsUtra, anuyogadvAra aMgula - padacUrNi, zrAvakapratikramaNa IryApathikI Adi sUtra - ina AgamoMkI cUrNiyA~ abhI prApta haiM. nizIthasUtrakI Aja vizeSa cUrNi hI prApta haiM. kalpakI cUrNi - - vizeSacUrNi donoM hI prApta haiM. dazavaikAlikasUtrako do cUrNiyA~ prApta haiM. eka sthavira agastya siMha kI aura dUsarI ajJAtakartRka hai. AcArya zrI haribhadrane isa cUrNikA 'vRddhavivaraNa' nAma diyA hai. anuyogadvArasUtra meM jo aMgulapada hai usa para AcArya zrI jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNane cUrNi racI hai. cUrNikAra zrI jinadAsagaNi mahattara aura AcArya zrI haribhadrane apanI anuyogadvArasUtrakI cUrNi-vRtti meM zrIjinabhadrake nAmase isI cUrNiko akSarazaH le liyA hai. IryApathikIsUtrAdikI cUrNike praNetA yazodevasUri haiM, isakA racanAkAla saM0 1174 se 1180 kA hai. zrAvaka pratikramaNacUrNi zrI vijayasiMharikI racanA hai, jo vi0 saM. 1182 kI hai. 7
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________________ 50] jJAnAMjali jyotiSkaraMDaka prakIrNaka para zivanaMdI vAcaka viracita 'prAkRta vRtti' pAI jAtI hai, jo cUrNimeM zAmila ho sakatI hai. Ama taurase dekhA jAya to pIchale jamAnemeM prAkRtavRttiyoM ko 'cUrNi' nAma diyA gayA hai. phira bhI aise prakaraNa apane sAmane maujUda haiM, jinase patA calatA hai ki prAcIna kAlameM prAkRta vyAkhyAoMko 'vRtti' nAma bhI diyA jAtA thA, dazavaikAlikasUtrake donoM cUrNikAroMne apanI cUrNiyoMmeM prAcIna dazavaikAlikavyAkhyAkA 'vRtti' ke nAmase jagaha jagaha ullekha kiyA hai. Upara jina cUrNiyoMkA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, unameM se prAyaH bahuta-sI cUrNiyA mahAkAya haiM / ina saba cUrNiyoMke praNetAoke nAma prApta nahIM hote haiM, phira bhI sthavira agasiMha, zivanaMdi vAcaka, jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa, jinadAsa mahattara, gopAlikamahattaraziSya -ina cUrNikAra AcAyoMke nAma milate haiM. ___ cUrNi-niyuktioMkI racanA pichale jamAne meM baMda ho gaI, kintu saMgrahaNI, bhASya-mahAbhASya, cUrNikI racanAkA pracAra bAdameM bhI cAlU rahA hai. saMskRta vRttiyoMkI racanAke bAda yadyapi AgamoM para aisA koI prayatna nahIM huA hai to bhI AgamoMke viSayoko lekara tathA choTe-moTe prakaraNoM para bhASyamahAbhASya-cUrNi likhanekA prayatna cAlU hI rahA hai, yaha Age prakaraNoMke prasaMgameM mAlUma hogA. ___ yahAM para jaina Agama aura prAkRta vyAkhyAgranthoM kA paricaya diyA gayA hai| ye bahuta prAcIna evaM prAkRta bhASAke sarvotkRSTa adhikAriyoMke race hue haiM. prAkRtAdi bhASAoMkI dRSTise ye bahuta hI mahattvake haiM. prakaraNa prakaraNa kisI khAsa viSayako dhyAnameM rakhakara race gaye haiM. merI dRSTi se prakaraNoMko tIna vibhAgoMmeM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai-tArkika, Agamika aura aupadezika. tArkika prakaraNa-AcArya zrI siddhasenakA sanmatitarka, AcArya zrI haribhadrakA dharmasaMgrahaNI prakaraNa, upAdhyAya zrI yazovijayajIkRta zrIpUjyalekha, tatvaviveka, dharmaparIkSA AdikA isa koTike prakaraNoM meM samAveza hotA hai. yadyapi aise tArkika prakaraNa bahuta kama haiM, phira bhI ina prakaraNoMkA prAkRta bhASAke atirikta tatvajJAnakI dRSTise bhI bahuta mahattva hai. Agamika prakaraNa-Agamika prakaraNoM kA artha jaina AgamoMmeM jo dravyAnuyogake va gaNitAnuyogake sAtha saMbandha rakhane vAle vividha viSaya haiM unameMse kisI ekako pasaMda karake usakA vistRta rUpameM nirUpaNa karanevAle yA saMgraha karanevAle graMtha prakaraNa haiM. aise prakaraNoMke racanevAle zivazarma, jinabhadra kSamAzramaNa, haribhadrasUri, candrarSi mahattara, gargarSi, municaMdrasUri, siddhasenasUri,
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________________ jaina Agamadhara aura prAkRta vAlmaya [5] jinavallabhagaNi, abhayadevasUri, zrIcandrasUri, cakrezvarasUri, devendrasUri, somatilakasUri, ratnazekharasUri, vijayavimalagaNi Adi aneka AcArya hue haiM. inameMse AcArya zivazarma, candrarSi mahattara, gargarSi, jinavallabhagaNi, devendrasUri Adi karmavAdaviSayaka karmaprakRti, paMcasaMgraha, prAcIna karmagraMtha aura navyakarmagraMtha zAstroMke praNetA haiM. inameM bhI zivazarmapraNIta karmaprakRti aura candraSipraNIta paMcasaMgraha, va inakI cUrNi-vRttiyA~ mahAkAya graMtha haiM. ye do zAstra AgamakoTike mahAmAnya graMtha mAne jAte haiM. inake alAvA AcArya jinabhadrake saMgrahaNI, kSetrasamAsa, vizeSaNavatI, haribhadrasUrike paMcAzaka, viMzativizikA, paMcavastuka, upadezapada, zrAvakadharmavidhitaMtra, yogazataka, saMbodhaprakaraNa Adi, municandrasUrike aMgulasaptati, vanaspatisaptati, Avazyakasaptati tathA saMkhyAbaMdhakulaka Adi, siddhasenasUrikA 1606 gAthA parimita pravacanasAroddhAraprakaraNa, abhayadevasUrike paMcanimranthIsaMgrahaNI, prajJApanAtRtIyapadasaMgrahaNI, saptatikAbhASya, SaTsthAnaka bhASya, navatattva bhASya, ArAdhanAprakaraNa, zrIcandrasUrikA saMgrahaNIprakaraNa, cakrezvarasUrike 1123 gAthA parimita zatakamahAbhASya, siddhAMtasAroddhAra, padArthasthApanA, sUkSmArthasaptati, caraNakaraNasaptati, sabhApaMcakasvarUpaprakaraNa Adi, devendrasUrike devavaMdanAdi bhASyatraya, navyakarmagraMthapaMcaka, siddhadaMDikA, siddhapaMcAzikA Adi, somatilakasUrikA navya bRhatkSetrasamAsaprakaraNa, ratnazekharasUrike kSetrasamAsa, guruguNaSaTtriMzikA Adi prakaraNa haiN| yahA~ mukhya mukhya prakaraNakAra AcAryoMke nAma aura unake prakaraNoMkA saMkSepameM digdarzana karAyA gayA hai. anyathA prakaraNakAra AcArya aura inake race hue prakaraNoMkI saMkhyA bahuta bar3I hai. inameM kitaneka prakaraNoM para bhASya, mahAbhASya aura cUNiyA~ bhI racI gaI haiM. ___ aupadezika prakaraNa - aupadezika prakaraNa ve haiM, jinameM mAnavajIvanakI zuddhike lie anekavidha mArga dikhalAye gaye haiM. aise prakaraNa bhI aneka race gaye haiM. AcArya dharmadAsakI upadezamAlA, pradyumnAcAryakA mUlazuddhiprakaraNa, zrI zAntisUrikA dharmaratnaprakaraNa, devendrasUrikA zrAddhavidhiprakaraNa, maladhArI hemacandrasUrikA bhavabhAvanA aura puSpamAlAprakaraNa, candraprabhamahattarakA darzanazuddhiprakaraNa, varddhamAnasUrikA dharmopadezamAlAprakaraNa, yazodevasUrikA navapadaprakaraNa, AsaDake upadezakaMdalI aura vivekamaMjarI prakaraNa, dharmaghoSasUrikA RSimaMDala prakaraNa Adi bahutase aupadezika choTe-choTe prakaraNa haiM, jina para mahAkAya TIkA bhI racI gaI haiM, jisameM prAkRta-saMskRta-apabhraMza bhASAmeM aneka kathAoMkA saMgraha kiyA gayA haiM. eka rItise mAnA jAya to ye TIkAeM kathA-kozarUpa hI haiM. dharmakathA sAhitya jainAcAyoMne prAkRta kathAsAhityake viSayameM bhI apanI lekhanIkA upayoga kAphI kiyA hai. jainAcAyoMne kAvyamaya kathAeM likhanekA prayatna vikrama saMvat prArambhake pUrva hI zurU kiyA hai. AcArya pAdaliptakI taraMgavatI, malayavatI, magadhasenA, saMghadAsagaNi vAcaka viracita vasudevahiMDI,
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________________ 52] jJAnAMjali dhUrtAkhyAna Adi kathAoMkA ullekha vikramakI pAMcavIM chaThI sadImeM race gae bhASyoM meM AtA haiM. dhUrtAkhyAna to nizIthacUrNikArane apanI cUrNimeM [gA0 296, patra 102-105] bhASya gAthAoMke anusAra saMkSepameM diyA bhI hai aura AkhyAnake antameM unhoMne "sesaM dhuttakkhANagAhANusAreNa Neyamiti" aisA ullekha bhI kiyA hai. isase patA calatA hai ki prAcIna kAlameM 'dhUrtAkhyAna' namaka vyaMsaka kathAgrantha thA, jisakA AdhAra lekara AcArya zrI haribhadrane prAkRta dhUrtAkhyAnakI racanA kI hai. prAcIna bhASya AdimeM jina kathA-granthoM kA ullekha pAyA jAtA haiM unameMse Aja sirpha eka zrI saMghadAsagaNikA vasudevahiMDI grantha hI prApta hai, jo bhI khaNDita hai. dAkSiNyAGka AcArya zrIuddyotanasUrine apanI kuvalayamAlA kathAkI [ra0 saM0 zAke 700] prastAvanAmeM pAdalisa, zAlavAhana, SaTparNaka, guNADhya, vimalAGka, devagupta, raviSeNa, bhavaviraha, haribhadra Adike nAmoMke sAtha unakI jina racanAoMkA nirdeza kiyA hai unameMse kucha racanAeM prApta haiM, kintu, pAdaliptakI taraMgavatI, SaTparNakake subhASita Adi racanAeM, guNADhyakI pizAcabhASAmayI bRhatkathA, vimalAGkakA harivaMza, devaguptakA tripuruSacaritra Adi kRtiyA~ Aja prApta nahIM haiM. saMghadAsakI vasudevahiMDI, dharmasena mahattarakA zaurasenI bhASAmaya vasudeva hiMDI dvitIya khaNDa, vimalAGkakA paumacariya, haribhadrasUrikI samarAiJcakahA, zIlAGka vimalamatikA cauppanna mahApurisacariya, bhadrezvarakI kahAvalI Adi prAcIna kathAeM Aja prApta haiM. ye saba racanAeM vikramakI prathama sahasrAbdImeM huI haiM. inake bAdameM arthAt vikramako bArahavIM zatAbdImeM cauvIsa tIrthaMkaroMke caritra Adi aneka caritoMkI racanA hui hai, jo anumAnataH do-tIna zatAbdiyoM meM huI hai. vardhamAnasUri-AdinAthacaritra aura maNoramA kahA, somaprabhAcArya-sumatinAtha caritra aura kumArapAla. pratibodha, guNacaMdrasUri aparanAma devabhadrasUri-pArzvanAthacarita, mahAvIracariya aura kahArayaNakosa, lakSmaNagaNi-supAsanAhacariya, bRhadgacchIya haribhadrasUri-candraprabhacaritra aura neminAhacariu apabhraMza, devasUri-padmaprabhacarita, ajitadevasUri---zreyAMsacarita, devacandrasUri---zAntinAthacaritra aura mUlazuddhiprakaraNaTIkA, nemicandrasUri--anantanAthacaritra aura mahAvIracaritra, zrIcandrasUrimunisuvratasvAmicarita aura kuMthunAthacaritra, padmaprabhasUri--munisuvratacaritra, maladhArI hemacandrasUriariSTanemicaritra, (bhavabhAvanAvRttyantargata), ratnaprabhasUri-ariSTanemicarita, yazodevasUri-candraprabha carita, candraprabhopAdhyAya-vAsupUjyacaritra, zrIcandraprabhasUri-vijayacandra kevalicaritra, zAntisUripRthvIcandracaritra, vijayasiMhasUri-bhuvanasundarIkahA, dhanezvara-surasundarIkahA Adi prAkRta kathA-caritagrantha prAyaH mahAkAya grantha haiM aura vikramakI gyArahavIM-bArahavIM zatAbdImeM hI race gaye haiM. inake atirikta dUsarI bhI dazazrAvakacarita, varddhamAnadezanA, zAlibhadrAdi carita, RSidattAcarita, jinadattAkhyAna, kalAvaIcariya, davadaMtIkahA, susaDhakahA, maNivaicariya, saNaMkumAracariya, taraMgavatI-saMkSepa, sIyAcariya, sirivAlakahA, kummAputtacariya, maunaekAdasIkahA, jambUsAmicariya, kAlikAcAryakathA,
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________________ jaina Agamadhara aura prAkRta vAlmaya [53 siddhasenAcAryAdi prabaMdha Adi aneka choTI-moTI prAkRta racanAeM prApta hotI haiM. ye svatantra sAdhucarita strI-puruSake kathAcarita hone para bhI inameM prasaMga-prasaMga para avAntara kathAeM kAphI pramANameM AtI haiM. ina mahAkAya kathA-caritoMkI taraha saMkSipta kathAcaritake saMgraharUpa mahAkAya kathAkozoMkI racanA bhI bahuta huI hai. ve racanAeM bhadrezvarasUrikI kahAvalI, jinezvarasUrikA kathAkoza, nemicandra-AmradevasUrikA AkhyAnakamaNikoza, dharmaghoSakA RSimaNDalaprakaraNa, bharatezvarabAhubalivRtti Adi haiM. apabhraMzameM zvetAmbara jaina saMpradAyameM mahAkavi dhanapAlakA satyapuramahAvIrastotra, dhAhilakA paumasiricariu, jinaprabhasUrikA vairasAmicariu Adi choTI-choTI racanAeM bahuta pAI jAtI haiM, kintu bar3I racanAeM zrI siddhasenasUri aparanAma sAdhAraNa kavikRta vilAsavaI kahA [aM0 3620, racanA saM0 1123] aura haribhadrasUrikA neminAhacariu [graMthAgra 8032, racanA saM0 1216] ye do hI dekhanemeM AtI haiM. AcArya zrI hemacandrane siddhahemacandra vyAkaraNa-aSTamAdhyAyameM prAkRtAdi bhASAoMke sAtha apabhraMza bhASAoMko zAmila kiyA hai, phira bhI zvetAmbara sampradAyameM apabhraMza bhASAkA prayoga vizeSa nahIM huA hai. sAmAnyatayA zvetAmbara AcAryoMne apane granthoM meM subhASita aura prasaMgAgata kathAoMke lie isa bhASAkA upayoga kiyA hai. mUlazuddhiprakaraNavRtti, bhavabhAvanAprakaraNavRtti, AkhyAnakamaNikozavRtti, upadezamAlA doghaTivRtti, kumArapAlapratibodha AdimeM apabhraMza kathAeM AtI haiM, jo do sau-cAra sau zlokase adhika parimANa vAlI nahIM hotI haiM. digambara jaina sampradAyameM isase viparIta bAta hai. digambara AcAryoMne dharmakathAoMke lie prAkRta-mAgadhIke sthAnameM apabhraMza bhASAkA hI vizeSa rUpase upayoga kiyA hai. digambarasampradAyameM zAstrIya granthoMke lie prAcIna AcAryoMne zaurasenI bhASAkA bahuta upayoga kiyA hai. unhoMne atimahAkAya mAne jAe~ aise dhavala, jayadhavala, mahAdhavala zAstroMkI racanA kI hai. samayasAra, paMcAstikAya Adi saikar3oM zAstra bhI zaurasenI meM likhe gaye haiM. jainastuti stotrAdi ___ jainAcAryoMne stuti-stotrAdi sAhitya kAphI likhA hai. phira bhI pramANakI dRSTi se dekhA jAya to prAkRta bhASAmeM vaha bahuta hI kama hai. AcArya pAdalipta, AcArya abhayadeva, devabhadrasUri, jinezvarasUri, jinavallabha AdikA samagra stutistotrAdi sAhitya ekatra kiyA jAya to, merA anumAna hai ki, vaha do-cAra hajAra zlokoMse adhika nahIM hogA. ina stotroMmeM yamaka, samasaMskRta prAkRta, SaDbhASAmaya stotroMkA samAveza kara lenA cAhie.
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________________ 54] jJAnAMjali vyAkaraNa va koza prAkRtAdi bhASAoMke vyAkaraNoM evaM dezI Adi kozoMkA vistRta paricaya prAkRta bhASAke pAraMgata DaoN0 pizalane apane 'kampereTiva grAmara oNpha dI prAkRta leMgvejeja' granthameM paryApta mAtrA meM diyA hai, ataH maiM vizeSa kucha nahIM kahatA hUM. isa yugameM mahattvapUrNa cAra prAkRta zabdakoza jaina vidvAnoMne taiyAra kiye haiM : 1. tristutika AcArya zrI rAjendrasUrikA abhidhAnarAjendra. 2. paMDita haragoviMdadAsakA pAiyasaddamahaNNavo. 3. sthAnakavAsI munizrI ratnacandrajIkA pAMca bhAgoMmeM prakAzita ardhamAgadhI koza. 4. zrI sAgarAnandasUrikA alpaparicita saiddhAntika zabdakoza. kAvya aura subhASita prAkRta bhASAmeM racita pravarasenake setubaMdha mahAkAvya, vAkpatirAjake gauDavaho, hemacandrake prAkRta yAzraya mahAkAvya Adise Apa paricita haiM hI. setubaMdha mahAkAvyakA ullekha nizIthasUtrakI cUrNimeM bhI pAyA jAtA hai. mahAkavi dhanapAlane (vi0 11vIM zatI) apanI tilakamaMjarI AkhyAyikAmeM setubaMdha mahAkAvya va vAkpatirAjake gauDavahokI stutijitaM pravarasenena rAmeNeva mahAtmanA / taratyupari yat kIrtiseturvAGmayavAridheH // / dRSTvA vAkpatirAjasya zakti gauDavaghoburAm / buddhiH sAdhvasaruddhava vAcaM na prtipdyte||31|| ina zabdoMmeM kI hai. isI kavine apanI isa AkhyAyikAmeM prAkRteSu prabandheSu rasaniSyandibhiH padaiH / __ rAjante jIvadevasya vAcaH pallavitA iva // 24 // isa prakAra AcArya jIvadevakI prAkRta kRtikA ullekha kiyA hai, jo Aja upalabdha nahIM hai. AcArya dAkSiNyAMka zrIudyotanako kuvalayamAlAkahA prAkRta mahAkAvyakI sarvotkRSTa rasapUrNa racanA hai. hAla kavikI gAthAsaptazatI, vajAlaga Adiko sabhI jAnate haiM. isI prakAra lakSmaNa kavikA gAthAkoza bhI upalabdha hai. samayasundarakA gAthAkoza bhI mudrita ho cukA hai. bahaTTippanikAkArane " sudhAkalazAkhyaH subhASitakozaH paM0 rAmacandrakRtaH" isa prakAra zrI hemacandrake ziSya rAmacandrake subhASitakozakA nAmollekha kiyA hai, jo Aja alabhya hai. __ Upara jina kathA-caritAdi graMthoMke nAma diye haiM, una sabameM subhASitokI bharamAra hai. yadi ina sabakA vibhAgazaH saMgraha aura saMkalana kiyA jAya to prAkRta bhASA kA alaMkAra svarUpa eka bar3A bhArI subhASita bhaNDAra taiyAra ho sakatA hai.
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________________ jaina Agamadhara aura prAkRta vADmaya alaMkArazAstra jaisalamera ke zrI jinabhadrIya tADapatra jJAnabhaMDAra meM prAkRta bhASAmeM racita alaMkAradarpaNa nAmaka eka alaMkAra graMtha hai, jisake prAraMbhameM graMthakArane : suMdarapayaviNNAsaM bimalAlaMkAra reDiasarIraM / suideviaM ca kavvaM ca paNaviaM pavaraSaNNaDDhaM // 3 // isa AryA meM 'zrutadevatA' ko praNAma kiyA hai. isase pratIta hotA hai ki yaha kisI jainAcArya kI kRti hai. isakA pramANa 134 AryA haiM tathA yaha hastaprati vikramakI terahavIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha meM likhI pratIta hotI hai. | nATaka va nATyazAstra rAjA Adi ucca vargake vyaktiyoMko chor3a kara nATakoMmeM zeSa sabhI pAtra prAkRta bhASAkA hI prayoga karate haiM. yadi hisAba lagAyA jAya to patA lagegA ki saba milAkara nATakoM meM saMskRtakI apekSA prAkRta adhika nahIM to kama bhI prayukta nahIM huI hai. ataeva prAkRta bhASAke sAhityako carcA meM nATakoMko bhulAyA nahIM jA sakatA. svataMtrarUpase likhe gaye nATakoMse to Apa paricita haiM hI, kiMtu kathAgraMthoke antargata jo nATaka Aye haiM unhIMkI vizeSa carcA yahAM abhISTa hai. prasaMgavazAt yaha bhI kaha dU~ ki Avazyaka cUrNimeM prAcIna jaina nATakoMke honekA ullekha hai. zIlAMkake cauppanna-mahApurisa cariyameM ( vi0 10 vIM zatI) vibudhAnaMda nAmaka ekAMkI nATaka hai. devendrasUrine candraprabhacaritameM vajrAyudha nATaka likhA hai. AcArya bhadrezvara ne kahAvalImeM va devendrasUrine kahArayaNakosameM nATakAbhAsa nATaka diye haiM. ye saba kathAcaritAntargata nATaka haiM svataMtra nATakoMkI racanA bhI jainAcAryoMne kAphI mAtrAmeM kI haiM. zrI devacandramunike caMdralekhAvijayaprakaraNa, vilAsavatInATikA aura mAnamudrAbhaMjana ye tIna nATaka haiM. mAnamudrAbhaMjana abhI aprApya hai. yazavandrakA mudrita kumudacaMdra aura rAjImatI nATikA, yazaHpAlakA moharAjaparAjaya, jayasiMharikA hammIramadamardana, rAmabhadrakA prabuddha rauhiNeya, meghaprabhakA dharmAbhyudaya va bAlacaMdrakA karuNAvajrAyudhanATaka prApta haiM. rAmacaMdrasUrike kaumudImitrANaMda, nalavilAsa, nirbhayabhImavyAyoga, mallikAmakaranda, raghuvilAsa va satyaharizcandranATaka upalabdha haiM; rAghavAbhyudaya yAdavAbhyudaya, yaduvilAsa Adi anupalabdha haiM. inhoMne nATakoMke alAvA nATyaviSayaka svopajJaTIkAyukta nATyadarpaNako bhI racanA kI hai. isake praNetA rAmacaMdra va guNacaMdra do haiM. ina donoMne milakara svopajJaTIkAyukta dravyAlaMkArakI bhI racanA kI hai. nATyadarpaNake atirikta rAmacaMdrakA nATyazAstraviSayaka 'prabaMdharAta ' nAmaka anya graMtha bhI thA jo anupalabdha hai. yadyapi bahuta se vidvAn ' prabaMdhazata' kA artha 'cikIrSita sau graMtha' aisA karate haiM, kintu prAcIna graMthasUcImeM " rAmacaMdrakRtaM prabaMdhazataM dvAdazarUpakanATakAdi
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________________ 59] jJAnAMjali svarUpajJApakam " aisA ullekha milatA hai. isase jJAta hotA hai ki 'prabaMdhazata' nAmakI inako koI nATyaviSayaka racanA thI. inake atirikta jyotiSa, ratnaparIkSA zAstra, aMgalakSaNa, Ayurveda Adi viSayaka prAkRta graMtha milate haiM. AyurvedaviSayaka eka prAkRta graMtha mere saMgrahameM hai, jisakA nAma ' yoganidhAna' hai. paM0 amRtalAlake saMgrahameM prAkRtabhASAmeM racita kAmazAstrakA 'mayaNamauDa' nAmaka graMtha bhI hai. yahAM para maiMne Agama aura unako vyAkhyAse prAraMbha kara vividha viSayoMke mahattvapUrNa prAkRta vAGmayakA atisaMkSipta paricaya denekA prayatna kiyA hai. isase Apako patA lagegA ki-prAkRta bhASAmeM kitanA vistRta evaM vipula sAhitya hai aura vidvAnoMne isa bhASAko samRddha karaneke lie kyA kyA nahIM likhA ? apane-apane viSayakI dRSTise to isa samagra sAhityakA mUlya hai hI, kintu isa vAGmayameM jo sAMskRtika evaM aitihAsika vipula sAmagrI bharI par3I hai, usakA patA saTIka bRhatkalpasUtra, nizithacUrNi, aMgavijA, caupannamahApurisacariyaM Adike pariziSToMko dekhanese laga sakatA hai. prAkRta bhASA aura usake sarvAMgINa kozakI sAmagrI isa vAGmayameMse hI paryApta mAtrAmeM prApta ho sakatI hai. pUrvokta prAkRta kozomeM nahIM Aye hue hajAroM zabda isa vAGmayase prApta ho sakate haiM. isI taraha AcArya hemacaMdrakI desI nAmamAlA' meM asaMgrahIta saikaDoM dezI zabda isa vAGmayameM dikhAI dete haiM. isake lie vidvAnoMko isI varSa prakAzita DaoN0 e0 ena0 upAdhye dvArA saMpAdita prAkRta kuvalayamAlA evaM paM0 amRtalAla bhojaka dvArA saMpAdita 'caupanamahApurisacariyaM' kI prastAvanA evaM zabdakozoMkA pariziSTa dekhanA cAhie. merA mata hai ki ---- bhaviSyameM prAkRta bhASAke sarvAMgINa kozake nirmAtAoM ko yaha samagra vAGmaya dekhanA hogA; yahI nahIM apitu saMskRta bhASAke kozake nirmAtAoMko bhI yaha vAGmaya dekhanA va zabdoMkA saMgraha karanA ati Avazyaka hai. isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki --prAkRta va saMskRta bhASAko apanAne vAle vidvAnoMkA cirakAlase ati naikaTya rahA hai| itanA hI nahIM apitu jo prAkRta vAGmayake nirmAtA rahe haiM ve hI saMskRta vAGmayake nirmAtA bhI rahe haiM. ataH donoM kozakAroMko eka-dUsarA sAhitya dekhanA Avazyaka hai. anyathA donoM koza apUrNa hI hoMge. isa AgamAdi sAhityase vidvAnoMko Antarika va bAhya athavA pAramArthika va vyAvahArika jIvanake sAtha saMbaMdha rakhanevAle aneka viSayoM kA jJAna prApta ho sakatA hai. yadyapi bhAratIya Arya RSi, muni evaM vidvAnoMkA mukhya AkarSaNa hamezA dhArmika sAhityakI ora hI rahA hai, tathApi inakI kuzalatA yahI hai ki -- inhoMne lokamAnasako kabhI bhI nahIM ThukarAyA, isIlie inhoMne pratyeka viSayako lekara sAhityakA nirmANa kiyA hai. sAhityakA koI aMga inhoMne chor3A nahIM hai| itanA hI nahIM apitu apanI dharmakathAoMmeM bhI samaya-samaya para sAhityake vividha aMgoMko yAda kiyA hai. yahI kAraNa hai
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________________ jaina Agamadhara ora prAkRta vAlmaya [57 ki ---- apanI prAcIna dharmakathAoMmeM dhArmika sAmagrIke atirikta lokayavahArako sparza karanevAle aneka viSaya prApta hote haiM. udAharagake taura para kathA-sAhityameM rAjanIti, ratnaparIkSA, aMgalakSaNa, svapnazAstra, mRtyujJAna Adi aneka viSaya Ate haiM. putra-putriyoMko paThana, vivAha, adhikArapradAna, paradezagamana Adi aneka prasaMgoM para zikSA, rAjakumAroM ko yuddhagamana, rAjyapadArohaNa Adi prasaMgoM para hitazikSA, putra-putriyoMke janmotsava, jhulAne, vivAha Adi karane kA varNana, RtuvarNana, vanavihAra, anaMgalekha dharmazAstra, nItizAstra, alaMkArazAstra, sAhityacarcA Adi vividha prasaMga; sAhUkAroMkA vANijya vyApAra, unakI paddhati, unake niyama, bhUmi va samudrameM vANijyake lie jAnA, bhUmi va samudra ke vAhana, va jahAjake prakAra, tadviSayaka vividha sAmagrI, jIvanake sadguNa-durguNa, nIti-anIti, sadAcAra-durAcAra AdikA varNana-ityAdi saikar3oM viSayoMkA isa sAhityameM varNana hai. ye sabhI sAMskRtika sAdhana hai. vasudevahiMDI prathama khaMDa(patra 145)meM cArudattake caritameM cArudattakI sthala saMbaMdhI va sAmudrika vyApArika yAtrAkA atirasika varNana hai jisameM deza-videzoMkA paribhramaNa; sUtrakRtAMgakI mArgAdhyayana-niyukti meM (gA0 102) varNita zaMkupatha, ajapatha, latAmArga AdikA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai. isameM yAtrAke sAdhanoMkA bhI nirdeza hai. paralokasiddhi, prakRti-bicAra, vanaspatimeM jIvatvakI siddhi, mAMsabhakSaNake doSa Adi aneka dArzanika dhArmika viSaya bhI pAye jAne haiM. isI vasudevahiMDauke sAtha jur3I huI dhammillahiMDImeM "atthasatthe ya bhaNiyaM - 'vise seNa mAyAe satyeNa ya haMtatvo appaNo vivaDDhamANo sattu' tti" (pR. 45) aisA ullekha AtA hai jo bahuta mahattvakA hai. isase sUcita hotA hai ki --- prAcIna yugameM apane yahAM prAkRta bhASAmeM racita arthazAstra thA. zrIdroNAcAryane oghaniyukti meM "cANakae vi bhaNiyaM --- 'jai kAiyaM na vosirai to adoso' ti" (patra 152-2) aisA ullekha kiyA hai. yaha bhI prAkRta arthazAstra honekI sAkSI detA hai, jo Aja prApta nahIM hai. isI graMthameM pAkazAstrakA ullekha bhI hai jisakA nAma porAgamasattha diyA hai. Ajake yugameM prasiddha prinsa oNpha velsa, kina merI, TyuTAniyA Adi jahAjoMke samAna yuddha, vinoda, bhoga Adi saba prakArakI sAmagrose saMpanna rAjabhogya evaM dhanADhayoMke yogya samRddha jahAjoMkA varNana prAkRta zrIpAlacarita AdimeM milatA hai. ratnaprabhasUriviracita neminAthacaritameM alaMkArazAstrako vistRta carcA AtI hai. prahelikAe, praznottara, citrakAvya AdikA varNana to aneka kathAgraMthomeM pAyA jAtA hai. zrAvakapratikramaNasUtrakI arthadIpikA vRttimeM (pR0 127) maMtrIputrIkathAnakameM kisI vAdIne maMtrIputrIko 56 praznokA uttara prAkRta bhASAmeM cAra akSaroMmeM denekA vAdA kiyA hai. maMtrIputrIne bhI 'paravAyA' ina cAra akSaroM meM uttara diyA hai. aisI kliSTAtikliSTa paheliyA~ bhI ina kathAgraMthoM meM pAI jAtI haiM.
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________________ jJAnAMjali -------- saMkSepa meM kahanA yahI hai ki - prAkRtake isa vAGmaya meM vipula aitihAsika evaM sAMskRtika sAmagrI mila sakatI hai. yadi isakA pRthakaraNa kiyA jAya to bahuta mahatvako sAmagrI ekatra ho sakatI hai. prAkRtAdi bhASAeM 58 ] jahA~ Aja taka pAzcAtya aura etaddezIya vidvAnoMne prAkRta bhASAke viSaya meM paryApta vicAra kiyA ho, vizeSataH prAkRtAdi bhASAke prakANDa vidvAn DaoN0 pizala mahAzayane varSoM taka ina bhASAoMkA adhyayana karake aura cAroM dizAoMke tattadviSayaka saikar3oM granthoM kA avalokana, adhyayana, parizIlana, cintana Adi karake prAkRta Adi bhASAoMkA mahAkAya vyAkaraNa taiyAra kiyA ho vahA~ isa viSaya meM kucha bhI kahanA eka dussAhasa hI hai. maiM koI prAkRtAdi bhASAokA pAraprApta vidvAn nahIM hU~, phira bhI prAkRta Adi bhASA evaM sAhityake abhyAsI vidyArthIko haisiyatase mujhe jo tathya pratIta hue haiM utako maiM Apake sAmane rakhatA hU~. prAkRta Adi bhASAoMke vidvAnoMne 1 prAcIna vyAkaraNa 2 prAcIna granthoMmeM AnevAle prAkRta bhASAke saMkSipta lakSaNa aura 3 prAcIna granthoMmeM AnevAle prAkRta bhASAoMke prayogoM ko dhamAna meM rakhakara prAkRtAdi bhASAoMke viSayameM jo vicAra aura nirNaya kiyA hai vaha paryApta nahIM hai. isake kAraNa ye haiM 1. vyAkaraNakAroMkA uddezya bhASAko niyamabaddha karanekA hotA hai, ataH ve apane yugake pracalita sarvamAnya tattad bhASAprayogoM evaM tatsaMvAdo prAcIna mAnya graMthoke prayogoMkI apanI dRSTise tulanA karake vyAkaraNakA nirmANa karate haiM. khAsa kara unakI dRSTi apane yugako ora hI rahatI hai. Aja ke vyAkaraNo ko dekhakara hama isa natIje para pahu~ca sakate haiM. ataH ina vyAkaraNoMse prAcIna yugakI bhASAkA pUrNa patA lagAnA asaMbhava hai. ------ 2. prAcIna vyAkhyAgrantha AdimeM ardhamAgadhI Adike jo eka-do paMktiyoMmeM lakSaNa pAye jAte unase bhI prAkRta bhASAoMke vAstavika svarUpakA patA lagAnA paryApta nahIM hai. DaoN0 pizalane ardhamAgadhI aura mAgadhoke viSaya meM jaina vyAkhyAnakAroMke aneka ullekhoM ko de kara pramANapurassara vistRta carcA kI hai. usameM maiM itanI pUrti karatA hU~ ki -- svara vyaJjanoMke parivartana aura vibhaktiprayoga Adike atirikta tatkAlIna bhinna-bhinna prAntIya (jahA~ bhagavAn mahAvIra aura unake nirgranthoMne vihAra, dharmopadeza Adi kiyA thA) zabdoM kA svIkAra yA mizraNa bhI ardhamAgadhIkA lakSaNa honekI sambhAvanA hai. jaina nirgranthoM ko vihAra- pAdabhramaNa, bhikSA, dharmopadeza, tattatprAntIya ziSya-praziSyoMke adhyayana-adhyApana Adike nimitta tattaddezIya janatA ke saMparka meM rahanA par3atA hai. ataH inakI bhASAmeM sahaja hI bhinna-bhinna prAntIya bhASAoMke svara yaJjanaparivartana, vibhakti-kAraka Adike prayogoMke sAtha prAntIya zabdaprayoga bhI A jAte haiM. bhASAkA isa prakArakA prabhAva prAcIna yugakI taraha Ajake jaina nirgranthoMkI bhASA meM bhI
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________________ jaina AgamavAra aura prAkRta vAlmaya (59 dekhA jAtA hai. jaina AgamoMke niyukti bhASya-cUrNi AdimeM aneka sthAnoM para ekArthaka zabda diye jAte haiM aura vahA~ kahA bhI jAtA hai ki---"bhinna-bhinna dezoMmeM rahanevAle ziSyoM ko matibhrama na ho isa lie ekArthaka zabda diye haiM". isa ullekhase bhI yahI pratIta hotA hai ki--ardhamAgadhIkA svaravyaJjanAdi parivartana Adike atirikta 'tattatprAntIya bhASAoM ke zabdoMkA saMgraha ' yaha bhI eka pramukha lakSaNa hai. 3. vAstava meM prAkRta bhASAoMke prAcIna grantha hI ina bhASAoke pRthakkaraNake liye akATya sAdhana haiM aura sacamuca hI uparyukta do sAdhanoMkI apekSA yaha sAdhana hI atiupayukta sAdhana hai. isakA upayoga DaoN0 pizala Adi vidvAnoMne atisAvadhAnIse kiyA bhI hai, tathApi maiM mAnatA hU~ ki vaha aparyApta hai. kyoMki DaoN0 pizala Adine jisa vizAla sAhityakA upayoga kiyA hai vaha prAyaH arvAcIna pratiyoMke AdhAra para taiyAra kiyA gayA sAhitya thA jisameM bhASAke maulika svarUpa AdikA kAphI parivartana ho gayA hai. isI sAhitya kI prAcIna pratiyoM ko dekhate haiM taba bhASA aura prayogoMkA mahAn vailakSaNya najara AtA hai. khuda DaoN0 pizala mahAzayane bhI isa viSayakA ullekha kiyA hai. dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki---DaoN0 pizala Adi vidvAnoMne aitihAsika tathyake AdhAra para jinameM prAkRta bhASApravAhoMke maulika aMza honekI adhika saMbhAvanA hai aura jo prAkRta bhASAoMke svarUpanirNayake liye anivArya sAdhanakI bhUmikArUpa haiM aise prAcInatama jaina AgamoMkA jo prAcIna prAkRtavyAkhyA sAhitya hai usakA upayoga bilakula kiyA hI nahIM hai. aisA ati prAcIna zvetAMbarIya prAkRta vyAkhyAsAhitya jaina AgamoMkI niyukti-bhASya-mahAbhASya-cUrNiyAM haiM aura itara sAhityameM kuvalayamAlAkahA, vasudevahiMDI, cauppannamahApurisacariyaM Adi haiM, tathA digaMbarIya sAhityameM dhavala, jayadhavala, mahAdhavala, tiloyapaNNattI Adi mahAzAstra haiM. yadyapi digaMbara AcAryoMke grantha aitihAsika tathyake AdhAra para zvetAMbara jaina AgamAdi granthoM kI apekSA kucha arvAcIna bhI haiM tathApi prAkRta bhASAoMke nirNayameM sahAyaka jarUra haiM. mujhe to pratIta hotA hai ki--prAkRta bhASAoMke vidvAnoMko prAkRta bhASAoMko vyavasthita karaneke liye DaoN0 pizalake prAkRtavyAkaraNakI bhUmikAke AdhAra para punaH prayatna karanA hogA. yahA~ para jisa niyukti-bhASya-cUrNi-kathAgrantha Adi zvetAMbara-digaMbara sAhityakA nirdeza kiyA hai vaha ativistRta pramANameM hai aura isake praNetA sthavira kevala dharmatattvoMke hI jJAtA the aisA nahIM kintu ve prAkRta bhASAoke bhI utkRSTa jJAtA the. prAcIna prAkRta bhASAoMkI inake pAsa maulika virAsata bhI thI. jaina AgamokI maulika bhASA ardhamAgadhI kahI jAtI hai. usake svarUpakA patA lagAnA Aja zakya nahIM hai. itanA hI nahIM kintu valabhImeM AgamoMkA jo antima vyavasthApana huA usa samaya bhASAkA svarUpa kyA thA, isakA patA lagAnA bhI mAja kaThina hai. isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki---Aja
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________________ 10] jJAnAMjali hamAre sAmane usa samayakI yA usake nikaTake samayakI jaina AgamoMkI eka bhI prAcIna hastaprati vidyamAna nahIM hai. isa dazAmeM bhI Aja hamAre sAmane AcArAGga, sUtrakRtAGga, dazavaikAlika Adi AgamoMkI cUrNiyA~ aura kucha jaina AgamoMke bhASya-mahAbhASya aise raha gaye haiM jinake AdhAra para valabhIpustakAlekhanake yugakI bhASA aura usake pahaleke yugakI bhASAke svarUpake nikaTa pahu~ca sakate haiM. kyoMki ina cUrNiyoMmeM mUlasUtrapAThako cUrNikAroMne vyAkhyA karaneke liye prAyaH akSaraza: pratIkarUpase uddhRta kiyA hai. jo bhASAke vicAra aura nirNayake liye bahuta upayogI hai. kucha bhASya mahAbhASya aura cUNiyAM aisI bhI Aja vidyamAna haiM jo apane prAcIna rUpako dhAraNa kiye hue haiM. ve bhI bhASAke vicAra aura nirNayake liye upayukta haiM. isake atirikta prAcIna cUrNi Adi vyAkhyAgranthoM meM uddharaNarUpase uddhRta jaina Agama aura sanmati, vizeSaNavatI, saMgrahaNI Adi prakaraNoMke pATha bhI bhASAke vicArake liye sAdhana ho sakate haiM. AcArya zrI hemacandrane prAcIna prAkRtavyAkaraNa evaM prAcIna prAkRta vAGgamayakA avalokana karake aura dezI dhAtuprayogoMkA dhAtvAdezoMmeM saMgraha karake jo ativistRta sarvotkRSTa prAkRta bhASAoMke vyAkaraNakI racanA kI hai vaha apane yugake prAkRta bhASAke vyAkaraNa aura sAhityika bhASApravAhako lakSyameM rakhakara hI kI hai. yadyapi usameM kahIM-kahIM jaina AgamAdi sAhityako lakSyameM rakhakara kucha prayogoM AdikI carcA kI hai tathApi vaha bahuta ho alpa pramANameM hai. isa bAta kA nirdeza maiMne sArAbhAI navAba-ahamadAbAda dvArA prakAzita kalpasUtrakI prastAvanAmeM [pR0 14-15) kiyA bhI hai. AcArya zrIhemacandrane jaina Agama AdikI bhASA aura prayogoM ke viSayameM vizeSa kucha nahIM kiyA hai to bhI unhoMne apane vyAkaraNameM jaina AgamoMke bhASya AdimeM AnevAle kucha vyApaka prayogoMkA aura yuSmad-asmad Adi zabdoM evaM dhAtuoMke rUpoMkA saMgraha jarUra kara liyA hai. DaoN0 pizalane kaI rUpa bhASya-cUNiyoMmeM najara Ate haiM. isa dRSTise prAkRta bhASAoke vidvAnoMko ye grantha dekhanA atyAvazyaka hai. ina granthoMmeM kaI prakArake svara-vyaJjanake vikAra vAle prayoga, naye-naye zabda evaM dhAtu, naye-naye zabda-dhAtuoMke rUpa, Ajake vyAkaraNoMse siddha na honevAle ArSa prayoga aura naye-naye dezIzabda pAye jAte haiM jinakA ullekha pizalake vyAkaraNameM nahIM huA hai. vyAkaraNa, dezInAmamAlA Adi zAstra racane vAloM kI amuka nizcita maryAdA hotI hai, isa parase unake jamAnemeM amuka zabda, dhAtuprayoga Adi nahIM the yA unake khayAlameM amuka nahIM AyA thA, yaha kahanA yA mAna lenA saMgata nahIM. DaoN. pizalane 'khaMbha' zabdakA niSpAdana vedameM AnevAle 'skaMbha' zabdase kiyA hai. isa viSayameM pizalake lagA' ityAdi likhA hai, yaha unakA pizalake vyAkaraNakA hiMdI anuvAda karaneke AnandakA bhAvAveza mAtra hai. hamezA yuga-yugameM sAhityanirmANakA alaga-alaga prakArakA tarIkA hotA hai. usake
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________________ jaina Agamadhara aura prAkRta vADmaya [61 anusAra hI sAhityakI racanA hotI hai. AjakA yuga aitihAsika parIkSaNako AdhArabhUta mAnatA hai, prAcIna yuga sAmpradAyikatAko AdhArabhUta mAnakara calatA thA. Ajake yugake sAdhana vyApaka evaM sulabha haiN| prAcIna yugameM aisA nahIM thA. ina bAtoMko dhyAnameM rakhA jAya to vaha yuga aura usa yugake sAhityake nirmAtA leza bhI upAlambha yA AkSepake pAtra nahIM haiM. agara dekhA jAya to sAdhanoMkI durlabhatAke yugameM prAcIna maharSi aura vidvAnoMne kucha kama kArya nahIM kiyA hai. pizalake vyAkaraNake hiMdI anuvAdaka zrIyukta joSIjIko pAzcAtya aura etaddezIya vidvAnoMkI vipula vicArasAmagrImeMse prAkRta bhASAoMke sambandhameM jJAtavya koI lekhAdi najarameM nahIM AyA, sirpha unakI najarameM viduSI zrImatI DolcI nittike granthakA AcArya zrI hemacandra evaM DaoN0 pizalake vyAkaraNako atikaTu TIkA jitanA aMza hI najarameM AyA hai jisakA sArAkA sArA hindI anuvAda AmukhameM unhoMne bhara diyA hai jo pizalake vyAkaraNake sAtha asaMgata hai. eka ora joSIjI svayaM DaoN. pizalako prAkRtAdi bhASAoMke maharSi Adi vizeSaNa dete haiM aura dUsarI ora DolcI nittike lekhakA anuvAda dete haiM jo prAkRta bhASAke vidvAnoMko samagrabhAvase mAnya nahIM hai, yaha bilakula asaMgata hai. eka dRSTi se aisA kahA jA sakatA hai ki-zrIyukta jozIjIne aisA nikRSTa koTikA Amukha, jisameM Apa prAkRta bhASAoM ke viSayameM jJAtavya eka bhI bAta likha nahIM pAye haiM,--likha kara apane pANDityapUrNa anuvAdako evaM isa prakAzanako dUSita kiyA hai. DaoN0 pizalakA 'prAkRta bhASAoMkA vyAkaraNa' jisakA hindI anuvAda DaoN0 hemacandra joSI DI0 liTne kiyA hai aura jo vihAra rASTra bhASA pariSada kI orase prakAzita huA hai. usameM anuvAdaka aura prakAzakoMne bahuta azuddha chapaneke liye kheda vyakta kiyA hai aura vistRta zuddhipatra denekA anugraha bhI kiyA hai to bhI pariSadke mAnya kuzala niyAmakoMse merA anurodha hai ki 68 pannokA zuddhipatra dene para bhI prAkRta prayoga aura pAThoMmeM aba bhI kAphI azuddhiyAM vidyamAna hai, khAsa kara jaina AgamoM ke prayogoM aura pAThoMkI to anargala azuddhiyAM rahI haiM. inakA kisI jaina AgamajJa aura prAkRta bhASAbhijJa vidvAnase parimArjana vinA karAye isakA dUsarA saMskaraNa na nikAlA jAya. zabdokI sUcIko kucha vistRta rUpa diyA jAya evaM grantha aura granthakAroke nAmoMke pariziSTa bhI sAthameM diye jAya~. antameM apanA vaktavya samApta karate hue Apa vidvAnoMse abhyarthanA karatA hU~ ki ---- mere baktavyameM apUrNatA rahI ho usake liye kSamA kareM. sAtha hI mere vaktavyako Apa logoMne zAntipUrvaka sunA hai isake liye Apako dhanyavAda. sAtha hI maiM cAhatA hU~ ki hamArI isa vidyApariSad dvArA samAna bhAvapUrvaka saMzodhanakA jo prayatna ho rahA hai usase vizuddha Aryadharma, zAstra, sAhitya evaM samasta bhAratIya prajAkI vizada dRSTike sAtha tAttvika abhivRddhi-samRddhi ho. [ munizrI hajArImala smRti-prantha, byAvara, I. sa. 1964 ]