Gujaratma Dharmik ane Tattvagyanna Sahityani Paristhiti

Author(s): Narmadashankar D Mehta
Publisher: L D Indology Ahmedabad
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/032747/1

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gujarAtamAM dhArmika ane tattvajJAnanA sAhityanI paristhiti : lekhakaH dI. ba. narmadAzaMkara devazaMkara mahetA tIya saska tabhAI mAra dalapata lAlamA savidhAmati : prakAzaka: lA.da. bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmaMdira navaraMgapurA, amadAvAda-9

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gujarAtamAM dhArmika ane tattvajJAnanA sAhityanI paristhiti dharmAnna prmditvym| satyAnna pramaditavyam / (taittirIya upaniSad ) RtaM ca satyaM cAbhIddhAsattapasoDadhyajAyatA // (Rgveda ) upakrama: sAhitya pariSadanA vartamAna adhivezana samaye dharma ane tattvajJAnanA vibhAganA pramukha tarIke mArI pasaMdagI karavAmAM pariSadanA cAlakoe je udArabhAva darzAvyo che tethI sarvathA AbhArI chuM. A vibhAganI javAbadArInuM pramukhapada sAhitya pariSadanA pramukha mahAzaya AcArya zrI AnaMdazaMkarabhAIne ApyuM hota to mane potAne vizeSa AnaMda prakaTata; kAraNake dharma ane tattva e be padArthone temaNe potAnI naisargika pratibhA vaDe ane vipula abhyAsa vaDe temanA jJAnamaMdiranA prAMgaNanA krIDAkaMduko banAvI dIdhA che, ane te ApaNane lIlArUpe sArI rIte samajAvI zakata, ane dharma ane tattvane lagatuM ApaNuM gujarAtI bhASAnuM sAhitya zI rIte samRddha banAvI zakAya tenuM rekhAcitra teo sArI rIte cItarI zakata. vADamayanA kAvyamImADaMko be vibhAga pADe che :- (1) kAvya ane (2) zAstra. zAstra manuSya prANIne dharma ane adharmanuM bhAna karAvI kartavyanI pravRttinI dizA dekhADI zAsana kare che. vaLI te manuSya prANIne kAryarUpe jagata, kAraNarUpa padArtha (pachI te Izvara, prakRti, game te saMjJAthI varNavo) ane kArya-kAraNane jANanAra jIvAtmA, e tripuTInuM mUla svarUpa kevuM che tenuM zaMsana eTale varNana kare che. A pramANe zAstra zabdanI vyutpattithI samajI zakAya ema che ke dharmAdharmanI

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gujarAtamAM dhArmika ane pravRttinivRttinuM zAsana karanAra, ane jagata, jIva, Izvara, e traNa padArthanuM vAstavasvarUpa kevuM che te jaNAvanAra sAhitya te zAstrasAhitya. A zAstrasAhitya zuddha zAstrarUpa hoya, jevA ke vedAdi; athavA rasAtmaka vAkyothI grathita thayeluM kAvyathI mizra sAhitya paNa hoya, jevAM ke rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata, prabodhacaMdrodayAdi nATako. dharma eTale zuM? A jamAnAmAM hiMdu-musalamAnanA jhaghaDAthI sAmAnyajano dharmanI vAta sAMbhaLatA bhaDake che. hiMdustAnanuM svarAjaya dharmanI bhAMjagaDAmAM gayuM che, ane dharmanA praznone dUra rAkhavAmAM Ave to ApaNA svarAjyanA praznono satvara ukela thaI zake tema che. A AkSepa prathamadarzane sAmAnya manuSyone balavAna lAgaze. paraMtu vicAra karatAM samajAze ke bhAratavarSanI dharmabhAvanA AvA jhaghaDA karAvanArI nathI. bhAratavarSanI dharmabhAvanA e hinduonA hindudharmanAM, bauddhonA bauddhadharmanAM ane jainonA AtadharmanAM mUrta rUpo ghaDyAM che, ane traNe dharmanA pravartakoe tene A loka ane paralokanA hitane arthe, vyaktinI ane samAjanI yogya dhAraNA athavA vyavasthA karavAne arthe prabodhyo che. jhaghaDAonuM mULa kAraNa kharI rIte arthavAsanA ane kAmavAsanAne aniyaMtrita vahevA devAmAM samAyeluM che. dharmabhAvanAne vaza nahi vartanArI dhananI ane viSayabhoganI lolupatA e ja klezanuM ane jhaghaDAnuM kAraNa che. je bhAratavarSamAM dharma pahelo, artha bIjo ane kAma trIjo, evI trivarganI vyavasthA maharSioe samajAvI che, te bhAratavarSamAM hAla ApaNe artha pahelo, kAma bIjo ane dharma trIjo, evI avaLI puruSArthanI paddhati racI beThA chIe. game te rIte dhanavAna thavuM che. pApa-puNyano bilakula vicAra karavo nathI. tevA dhana vaDe artha puruSArtha sAdhI game tyAMnA game tevA bhogya padArtho bhogavavA che, ane A pramANe dhanamada ane kAmamadathI unmatta thavuM che, ane komIya jhaghaDAnuM pApa bicArA dharmane mAthe nAkhavuM che! A sAthe apadharmane ApaNe dharma mAnI beThA chIe. jema pRthvIno gaMdha e svAbhAvika guNa che, tema manuSya AtmAno dharma e svAbhAvika vizeSaguNa che. pArthiva padArthomAM gaMdha guNa kevI rIte gupta hoya che, ane vRSTi AdinA sahakArI saMbaMdhathI prakaTa thAya che, tema AtmAmAM tenI sarvathA unnati karAvanAra dharma nAmano vizeSa guNa, jemanAmAM te guNa prabuddha thayo che evA mahApuruSonA saMparka vaDe, vyakta thAya che. pratyeka jIva svabhAvathI ja Icche che ke huM

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tattvajJAnanA sAhityanI paristhiti zI rIte duHkhathI chUTo rahuM, ane sukha sAthe jIvI zakuM ? A prazna jayAM sudhI UThe che tyAM sudhI duHkhanA sAdhanarUpa adharmathI nivatta thavAno, ane sukhanA sAdhanarUpa dharmamAM pravatta thavAno prazra sAmo Ubho ja rahe che. jayAre sukhadu:khanI vAsanA UThaze nahIM, tyAre dharma-adharmano prazna UThaze nahI. manuSyanI sukhaduHkhanI vAsanA jevI sAhajika che, tevI dharmAdharmanI vAsanA paNa sAhajika che.sukhaduHkha cittanA pariNAmI kAryadharmo che, ane dharma-adharma te kAraNadharmo che.sukhaduHkha prakaTa thayA pachI, tenA aMkuro nIkaLyA pachI, tenA kAraNo prati ApaNI daSTi vaLe che. A ja kAraNathI dharma ane adharmane 'adaSTa' nAma ApavAmAM Ave che. cittanA ghaNA vyApAro puruSanI anubhava-maryAdAmAM AvatAM nathI, paraMtu kAryonA udaya thayA pachI te adaSTakoTImAMthI daSTa koTimAM Ave che. ApaNo jIvanayoni prayatna, ApaNA hRdayano saMkocavikAsa, ApaNI pAcanakriyA, A vagere sarva jIvananirvAhaka ceSTAo ApaNI sAmAnya jJAnamaryAdAmAM AvatI nathI, paraMtu jayAre roga vaDe asvasthatA prakaTa thAya che tyAre asvasthatAnAM kAraNo te avayavomAM zAM che tenuM bhAna thAya che ane aSTa bhUmikAmAMthI daSTa bhUmikAmAM lAvavAne ApaNe mathIe chIe. dharmAdharma nAmanA ApaNA vizeSaguNonA paNa A ja prakAre astodaya thAya che. sukha-sAkSAtkAra samaye dharmasaMskAra samajAya che; duHkhanA anubhava prasaMge adharmasaMskAra samajAya che. sukhamAM pariNAma pamADanAra ane UMcI gati karAvanAra manano bIjarUpa guNa te dharma; duHkhamAM pariNAma pamADanAra ane nIcI gati ApanAra guNa te adharma. sAmAnya rIte A guNo Atmacaitanyane daSTa thatA nathI te adaSTa kahevAya che. paraMtu upAya vaDe te daSTa athavA anubhavamaryAdAmAM AvI zake che. sAdhAraNa buddhivALAne sukha ane duHkhanA kAraNarUpe te anumAnamAM AvI zake che, paraMtu asAdhAraNa pratibhAvALAne te guNa pratyakSa anubhavAya che. jema ApaNA sukhaduHkhane, ApaNA prayatnane, ApaNe anubhavamaryAdAmAM lAvI zakIe chIe, jo ke te deha bahAranA padArtho nathI, tema ApaNA dharmAdharmanA saMskArane tathA tenA vegane yogya upAyathI ApaNe anubhavamaryAdAmAM lAvI zakIe chIe.sAmAnya matine je adaSTa che, te ArSamatine daSTa thAya che. dharmAdharmanuM pratyakSa tArkika mati vaDe

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gujarAtamAM dhArmika ane thatuM nathI paraMtu pratibhA vaDe athavA zuddha prajJA vaDe thaI zake che. dharma ane adharmano sAkSAtkAra thavAmAM pratibaMdharUpa kAraNo rAga, dveSa ane moha che. A traNa doSothI haNAyelI buddhi dharmAdharmanuM, pratyakSa karI zakatI nathI. jeTalA jeTalA aMzamAM A doSo chUTatA jAya che teTalA aMzamAM ApaNI maryAdAvALI aNubuddhi amaryAda pratibhAnA rUpamAM palaTAtI jAya che. A zuddha pratibhA athavA prajJA te dharmanuM darzana karAve che. je antaHkaraNamAM te pratibhA udaya pAme che. kAMI nahi to potAnA adhyakSa cetananA bhUta ane bhAvi bhavanuM kaMIka jhAMkhuM jJAna utpanna kare che. AvI bhUta ane bhAvi vipAkane samajavAnI pratibhAzakti jenI uSa:kAla jevI lAge che tevA dharmajJa varganA adhyAtma athavA jhAMkhA jJAnavALA AtmAo kahevAya che. te AtmAo prANI padArthonuM je satya svarUpa che tenA prati vizeSa AkarSAya che ane temanA dekhAtA rUpamAM moha pAmatA nathI. teo satyapakSapAtI hoya che. teo joyeluM jevuM che tevuM vade che eTaluM ja nahi paNa vastunuM satya svarUpa ja jue che, ane tethI temanA anubhavane jaNAvanAra vAkyamAM ajJAna athavA saMzayajanya mithyA jJAnanI chAMTa hotI nathI. ApaNe manuSyo satyavAdI hoIe chIe, eTale ke jevuM joyuM jANyuM tevuM vadIe chIe; paraMtu ApaNA jovA jANavAmAM doSa hoya to mUla vastunA svarUpa saMbaMdhamAM ApaNuM satyavacana nyAyanirNayamAM kaMI upayoganuM gaNAtuM nathI. koI sAkSI ajJAna, athavA saMzaya, athavA viparyaya vaDe bIcAro haNAyelo hoya to te bhale satyavAdI hoya paNa nyAyanirNayamAM bhAgye ja upayogI thaI paDe che. paraMtu je yathArthadarzI ane yathArthavaktA hoya te zuddha sAkSI upayogano che. AvuM yathArtha vastudarzana ane te darzanane anusaratuM satyavacana bolavAno jenA cattino dharma jAge che tevA dharmajJa AtmAne majumAtmA saMjJA ApavAmAM Ave che. pahelA ane bIjA varganA AtmAone eTale vyAtmA ane ma[mAtmAne dharma vastuno prabodha bIjA anubhavInA zabdadvArathI athavA zabdajyotithI udaya pAme che. tevA anubhavIo trIjA varganA mahAtmA kahevAya che. paraMtu jenA rAga, dveSa ane mohanA sthUla sUkSma pAzo kapAyA che, ane jemane mAtra te lezo atyaMta tanubhAvavALA , eTale cittanA upara mAtra jALIvALA burakhA jevA zeSa rahyA che, temanI dRSTi pArakAnA prabodha vinA potAnA sAmAnya yogajanya prayatnathI

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tattvajJAnanA sAhityanI paristhiti UghaDI jAya che.A cothI pratibhAmaya ArSa matine saMvadhi kahe che, ane tevA AtmAo saMvRddhAtmA gaNAya che. potAnI meLe samyaphabodhine pAmanArA AtmAo paikInuM sarvottama udAharaNa bhagavAna gautama buddhanuM che. A siddha puruSa vedavAdI nahotA to paNa temanA dharmacakrapravartananA baLane brAhmaNoe svIkAryuM che. pachavADenA purANa sAhityamAM bhagavAna buddhanI niMdA jovAmAM Ave che, paraMtu "mahAbhArata' nA ApaNA pAMcamA vedarUpa dharmakozamAM ema spaSTa jaNAvavAmAM AvyuM che ke " teo unmatta dAnavone vazamAM lAvI pote buddhabhAvane pAmyA hatA, ane sarganuM rakSaNa temaNe karyuM che! samyabodhi athavA svayaM prabuddha thavAnI pratibhAzakti meLavyA pachInA caDiyAtI koTInA dharmajJo zuddha Alocana karanAra, mAtra netranimIlana karI dharmAdharmanuM vidyuta jevuM pratyakSa karanArA mahApuruSone tA:siddha RSi kahe che. tenAthI caDiyAtI koTInA sAdhu puruSo mAtAnA garbhamAM hoya tyAMthI prabuddha thAya che. AvI pUrvajanmanI sAmagrInA prabhAva vaDe A janmanA koI paNa prakAranI sAdhanasiddhi vinA dharmajJa ane tattvajJa rUpe prakaTa thanAra vAmadeva maharSinuM daSTAMta che. tyArapachInA sAdhu mahApuruSo mandrasiddha ane Izvarya siddha varganA hoya che. temanA mukhathI je kaMI samayasara nIkaLI Ave che te maMtrarUpa hoya che, ane jemanA prati te vANIno uccAra kare che temane aizvaryAdi phaLa maLe che. dharmadharmanuM zuddha Attara pratyakSa karanArA sAdhu puruSone sAta varganA saptarSi maMDaLa kahevAmAM Ave che. A dharma pratyakSa karanArA sAdhu puruSo deva varganA hoya to phevarSi kahevAya brAhmaNa varganA hoya to brahmarSi rAjavarganA hoya to nirSi ane bIjA game te jAtinA athavA varNanA hoya to sikkarSi kahevAya. AthI spaSTa thaI zake ema che ke manuSyAtmAmAM sukhaduHkhane prakaTa karanArA dharmadharma avyakta varganA guNo che. te guNo sAmAnyajanomAM rAga, dveSa ane mohathI dabAyelA athavA AvRtta hoya che. A AvaraNonA pAza jenA zithila athavA chUTI gayelA hoya che te dharmadhamanuM spaSTa darzana karanArA - 1 vyamtmA , 2 aNuAtmA, 3 mahAtmA, 4 prabuddhAtmA, 5 tapaHsiddhatmA, 6 mantrasiddhatmA, 7 IzvaryasiddhatmA, evA sAta varga paikInuM eka paNa pratibhAmaya darzana jemanuM UghaDyuM nathI tevA jano dharmanA marma kadI samajI zakatAM nathI.

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gujarAtamAM dhArmika ane jema kAvyazAstramAM kavinI pratibhA ane rasajJanI sahRdayatAnI rasaniSpattimAM jarUra che, tema dharma ane tattvane lagatI vidyAnA zAstramAM upadeSTAmAM ArSapratibhAnI ane zrotAmAM zraddhAdiSTadevI saMpattinI, zAMta rasanI abhivyaktimAM jarUra rahe che . jevo kAvya-mImAMsAmAM rasAdhikAra che, tevo ja dharmavijJAnazAstramAM paNa samAdhikAra che. A saMsAranA bhavarogIonA bhavaroganI cikitsA karanArA sAdhu janonA hAthamAM ja dharmAdharma, je adRSTa che, tene daSTa bhAvamAM lAvavAnI kUMcI rahelI che. AvA sAdhujano pratibhAvALA satyadarzI hoya che. teomAM kadAca tarkabuddhino vibhava ocho hoya che tethI pAMDitya na darzAve, paraMtu teTalA mAtrathI temanA hRdayanI UMcI gaNanA karatAM ApaNe jo parIkSaka vargamAM gaNAvuM hoya to, pAchA haThavuM na joIe. zuddha sAdhu jano jIvonI dharmakAyAnuM jeTaluM vistAravALuM ane UMDuM avalokana karI zake che tenuM zatAMza asAdhAraNa tarkabuddhivALA vidvAno paNa rAga, dveSa , ane mohanA pAzamAM jakaDAyelA hovAthI karI zakatA nathI. teo jIvonI bhogakAyAne ja joI zake che. sAdhumahAtmAo ja asAdhu jIvonI navI dharmakAyAnuM nirmANa kare che, teo ja asAdhunuM sAdhumAM rUpAntara kare che; teo ja halakI pratanI dhAtune suvarNa batAvanArA adbhuta kImiyAgaro che. paMDito AmAMnuM kAMI paNa karavA samartha hotA nathI. dharma ane tattvajJAnanA pradezamAM teo bIcArA daridra hoya che. eka sAcA sAdhu saMtanA vAtAvaraNamAM besI juo, temanA nena, cena ane raheNano anubhava karo, ane tamane sahaja samajAze ke pApI ane adharmI prANIonAM pApa ane adharma kevI rIte kapAI jAya che. A cittazodhaka sAmarthya vaDe bhagavAna buddha aMgulimAla nAmanA khUnIne vaza karyAnuM suprasiddha udAharaNa che. jIvonA cittamAM raheluM sukhajanaka dharmabIja rAga vaDe ane duHkhajanaka adharmabIja dveSa vaDe aMkurita thAya che.rAga vaDe ane dveSa vaDe sevAto dharma te sakAma dharma che, ane dveSa vinAnA kartavya buddhithI Atmahita athavA jagatahitane arthe sevAtA dharmane niSkAma dharma kahe che. niSkAma dharma te phUla vinAno dharma ema na samajavuM. te dharma sakAma dharmanI peThe te abhyadayarUpa phalane prakaTa karato nathI, paraMtu cittanI evI asAdhAraNa zuddhi kare che ke tevA cittane niHzreyasa athavA paramArtha-sukhanI sahaja

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tattvajJAnanA sAhityanI paristhiti prApti thAya che. sAMsArika sukha, pachI te A lokanuM hoya ke paralokanuM hoya, teno utpAdaka sakAma dharma che. pAramArthika sukha, pachI te A lokamAM jIvanamuktarUpe anubhavavAnuM hoya, athavA brahmalokamAM anubhavavAnuM hoya, teno utpAdaka niSkAma dharma che. rAgadveSathI prerAyelA mana vaDe je sakAma dharma mana,vANI, ane zarIrathI sadhAya ane tevA doSanI chAyA vinAnA zuddha bhAva vaDe gherAyelA mana vaDe je niSkAma dharma mana, vANI ane zarIra vaDe sadhAya tevA aMgata AcAranuM, bIjA prANI padArtho sAthe kevI rIte pravRtti-nivRtti sevavI tevA vyavahAranuM, ane ApaNAmAM doSa utpanna thayo hoya to te doSa zI rIte kapAya ane tenuM duSTa pariNAma zI rIte aTakAvI zakAya evA prAyazcitanuM vidhAna karanAra zAstra te dharmajJAnanuM zAstra che. ApaNA bhAratavarSamAM A dharmajJAnanA traNa moTAM vRkSo UgyAM cheH- (1) vedadharmanuM (2) bauddhadharmanuM, (3) jaina dharmanuM. temAM vedadharmanA, smRti, ItihAsa,purANa, tanno, Agamo vagerethI upavRMhaNa pAmelA vizAla dharmavRkSane ApaNe hindu dharma kahIe chIe. tenI aneka zAkhA-prazAkhAo che, ane tenAM patro,puSpo ane kulothI A mahAnyagrodha athavA vaTavRkSanI nIce ghaNA saMpradAyo ane paMthanA sAdhujano vizrAma le che. tevI ja rIte hInayAna ane mahAyAnanI zAkhAnA ahetu ane bodhisattvo mahAbodhi vRkSa nIce virAma le che; ane digaMbara ane zvetAMbara zAkhAnA zrAvako ane sUrio zAlavRkSa nIce vizrAma le che. zruti,mRti; sadAcAra, potAnA kalyANanuM bhAna, ane yogya saMkalpathI utpanna thato kAma, e dharmanAM mUla gaNAya che. te vaDe dharmanuM jJAna ane adharmanuM jJAna aMkurita thAya che. dharmajJAna vaDe kuzaLa karma mana, vANI ane zarIranAM thavAthI cittane sukha bhogavavAno vizeSa adhikAra maLe che. adharmanA jJAna vaDe akuzala karmathI nivRtta thavAya che, ane duHkhanA udayane aTakAvAya che. avihita ane niSiddha karma rAga, dveSa ane mohanA dabANane laI karavAmAM Ave to duHkhane bhogavavA lAyaka saMskAra cittamAM paDe che. eTale niyata nimitta UbhA thatAM du:khano anubhava jAge che. A pramANe zuddhabuddhi vaDe sukha ane duHkhanuM svarUpa, te sukha ane duHkhanA kAraNarUpa dharma ane adharmanuM svarUpa, te dharma pratinI IcchA ane adharma pratino dveSa

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gujarAtamAM dhArmika ane prakaTa thatAM pravRtti karavAno yatna ane nivRtta thavAno yatna thAya che. tevA prayatna vaDe mana, vANI, ane zarIranI ceSTA thAya che. te ceSTA cittamAM chevaTano saMskAra bhava athavA saMsAranuM, ApaNI sukhaduHkhAtmaka pravAhI sthitinuM, utpanna karanAra sAdhana bane che. 1 buddhi, 2 sukha,3 duHkha,4 IcchA,5 heSa, prayatna,7 dharma,8 adharma, saMskAra, A nava AtmAnA vizeSa guNomAM buddhi te dekhADanAra sAdhana che, sukhaduHkha te sAdhya bhogarUpa che, IcchA ane dveSa sukhaduHkha prati kheMcanArA ane prayatna te pravRti prakaTa karanAra sAdhanarUpa guNo che : dharma-adharma te prayatna vaDe prakaTa thanArA bIjako che, te saMskAra rUpe rahe che.ane karma vipAkanA niyamathI jAti, AyuSa ane bhoga traNa vipAkane eka bhavamAM phala rUpe prakaTa kare che. jIvAtmAe 1 sukha, duHkha, 3 IcchA, 4 vaiSa, 5 prayatna,6 dharma, 7 adharma,ane 8 saMskAranA ATha ArAvALA cakrabhramaNamAMthI bacavuM hoya to teNe potAnI jJAnazaktine athavA prakAza ApanArI buddhine rAga dveSa ane mohanAM traNa AvaraNothI dUra rAkhavI joIe, ane evI nirAvaraNa buddhi vaDe te dharma-adharmanuM pratyakSa karI zake che. dhamadharmanuM alaulika pratyakSa yogAcArajanya dharmavizeSa vaDe thAya che. AthI yogaja dharma nAmano vizeSa guNa je AtmAmAM prakaTa thayo te ja kharI rIte bIjA prANIo upara dharma ane adharmanuM zAsana karI zake che. jemanAmAM te vizeSadharma prakaTa nathI thayo te mAtra dharma ane adharmanA parokSa jJAnano anuvAda ja karI zake che. temanI jeTalI buddhinI zuddhi hoya te pramANe te yogI pratyakSathI jaNAyelA ane zAstranA vAkyamAM gUMthAyelA dharmadharmano anuvAda kare che. yogIjano dharmadharmanA pratyakSa anubhavI zAsana karanArA che, ayogI vidvAno te zAsananuM anuzAsana karanArA hoya che. | vedadharmanI dharmadezanA ghaNe bhAge traNa varNavALI prajAne arthe thayelI che, paraMtu tenI smRti, ItihAsa, purANa, tatra ane AgamonI zAkhAmAM prANImAtrane upayogI sarvasAdhAraNa dharmanI dezanA karavAmAM AvI che.

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tattvajJAnanA sAhityanI paristhiti bauddha dharmanI dharmadezanA kaMIka vilakSaNa balavALI manuSya jAtine sarvatra upakAraka thAya tevI che. samagra jagatanuM hita karavAnA vratanI jANe dIkSA lIdhI hoya tevA bodhisattvo karuNAbhAvathI prerAyelA hoI manuSya jAti mAtrane bhagavAna buddhano aSTAMga dharma samajAve che. bodhisattvonuM ema kahevuM che ke brAhmaNo prAdezikI dharmadezanA kare che; saMskAra vinAnA mUrdhajanone prabodhavA teo zrama letA nathI. sAcA bodhisattvo karuNAparatantrAstu spaSTatattvanidarzinaH / sarvApavAdaniHzaMkAzcakraH sarvatra dezanAm // yathA yathA hi mauAdidoSaduSTo bhvejjnH| tathA tathaiva nAthAnAM dayAM teSu pravartate // nevAvAhavivAhAdi saMbaMdho vAMchito hi taiH / upakArastu kartavyaH sAdhugItamidaM tataH // vidyavinayasaMpanne brAhmaNe gavi hastini / zuni caiva zvapAke ca paMDitA ; smdrshinH|| (tasvasaMprada ) zAMtarakSita bauddhAcArya bauddhadharmanI dezanA sabaMdhamAM jaNAve che : bodhisattvo karuNA parataMtra bane che, spaSTa tattva kahe che, loka zuM kaheze tevA ApavAdathI bItA nathI, ane te sarvatra dharmadezanA kare che. jeTalo jeTalo mUrkhatvAdi vadhAre doSothI duSTa thayelo janasamAja hoya teTalI teTalI vadhAre dayA bodhisattvane dharmadezanA karavAne prere che. bodhisattvone kanyAnI Apale karavAnA vyavahAro nathI tethI ja upakAra karavAnI vRtithI ja dezadezAMtaramAM dharmadezanA kare che. amArI A pravRtine, brAhmaNo jene IzvarAvatAra mAne che evA zrIkRSNanuM sAdhu vAkya Teko Ape che ke - "vidyA-vinaya-saMpanna brAhmaNamAM, gAya-hAthImAM, kUtarA tathA cAMDAlamAM yathArtha paMDita samardazI hoya che." A Aropane vaidika brAhmaNo haju dUra karI zakyA nathI. paraMtu bhAgavata dharmanA sAdhusanto zaivAgamanA zivAcAryo ane ativarNAzramI rAmakRSNAdi paramahaMsoe vedadharmanI ekadezI dharmadezanAne TALI nAkhI che. ane temaNe

Page #11
1O gujarAtamAM dhArmika ane mahAyAnanuM rUpa pakaDayuM te pahelAM bhAratavarSanI maryAdAnuM atikramaNa bhAgavata dharma kyuM hatuM, ane te dharma sarvajanane pravitra karanAra banyo hato ema besanagara AgaLathI prApta thayelA zilAlekhathI ApaNe jANI zakIe chIe. te lekha I.sa. pUrvanA bIjA saikAno che ane yavana helIoDorase vAsudevanI bhaktinA darzaka cihna tarIke garuDadhvaja Ubho karyo che ema jaNAve che. A uparathI samajAya che ke zrIkRSNa bhagavAnathI prabodhAyelo aikAntika bhAgavatadharma yavanarAjyamAM prasAra pAmelo hato.ane je kArya hAla rAmakRSNa paramahaMsanA anuyAyIo vedAntadharmanI dezanA yuropa amerikAmAM karI rahyA che tevo prayatna I.sa. pUrvanA bhAgavata dharme karyo hato. bhAgavata dharmenI A prAcIna udAratA zAntarakSita bauddha AcArya (I.sa. 691743) gItAvAkyane pramANarUpe ApI jaDa pUrvamImAMsakone jagave che ke dharmadezanA ekadezI nahi paNa sarvadezI hovI joIe ane te kevala apauruSeya vedavAkya upara vaLI IsavIsananA bIjA saikAthI teramAM saikA sudhImAM caMpA dezamAM (hAlano cIna pAseno AnAma deza) hiMduoe vasavATa karI zaiva dharmanuM sthApana karyuM hatuM ema DaoN. majumadAranA Ancient Indian ColoniesVol.IgraMtha vaDe sAbita thAya che. jainadharmanuM zAsana paNa sarvadezI ane vyApaka che. vedadharma naivarNika prajAne arthe ja che, ane Itara prajAne arthe nathI thatAM evA AgrahatA pariNAmamAM Agama dharmono udaya thayo che. te Agamo zivanA pAMcamAM Urdhva mukhathI prakaTa thayelA mAnavAmAM Ave che. jevuM cAra vedanuM vipula sAhitya che tevuM AgamonuM paNa vizAla sAhitya che. te AgamomAM prANI mAtranA sarvasAmAnya dhanuM ane viSNu ane zivanI bhakti vaDe game te manuSya game te jAtino hoya to paNa karI zake che evuM pratipAdana che. vedavAdanI karmamImAMsA varNAzrama dharmano Agraha karanArI che. paraMtu vedavAdanI uttaramImAMsAmAM vidyAnA adhikAramAM udArabhAva svIkArAyo jaNAya che. vidhuradharaVI mAM evo nyAyanirNaya thayo che ke brahmavidyA varNAzramakarma ja upakAra kare che ema nathI paraMtu saMvarnAdiyogIo AzramakarmanuM ja pAlana na karatAM chatAM, brahmavidda thayA che, ane tevI ja rIte anAzramI vidhura tathA

Page #12
tattvajJAnanA sAhityanI paristhiti 11 vidhavAo manuSya jAtine samAnabhAve upakAraka thAya evA japa, upavAsa, devatAArAdhana vagere upAyo vaDe brahmavidyA meLavavAnI lAyakAta prApta karI zake che tethI anAzramIonAM paNa ka brahmavidyAmAM paraMparAe upakAraka thAya che. brahmamImAMsAnA pazudharA mAM paNa vedadharmanA samuddhAraka zaMkarAcArye paNa evo nyAyanirNaya karyo che ke pUrvakRta saMskAra vaDe vidura, dharmavyAdha, vagerene jJAnotpatti thayelI mahAbhAratamAM varNavI che tethI brahmavidyA zudrone maLatI nathI e mAnavuM bhUlabhareluM che. jJAnanuM cokkasa phala che, ane te jyAM jaNAya tyAM vidyAnI yogyatAnA saMskAra che, evuM avazya mAnavuM joIe. vedavAdI mImAaMko veda dvArA A brahmajJAna na maLe evuM bhale maryAdIkaraNa kare, paraMtu ItihAsa-purANa dvArA tattvabodha game te jAtinA manuSyane cittano samAdi adhikAra hoya to, maLI zake che. AvA vyApaka hindu dharmanA, bauddhadharmanA, ane jaina dharmanA saMbaMdhamAM gujarAtanI bhUmie zo upakAra karyo che ane gujarAtI bhASAmAM kevA dharmaprabodhanuM sAhitya UgI nIkaLyuM che te prati najara nAkhavAnuM prApta thAya che. sAdhAraNa loko ema mAnI le che ke gujarAta paiso prApta karavAnI ja kaLA jANe che. gujarAtImAM dharmajJAna ane tattvajJAnanuM sAmarthya nathI. uttama dharmajJo ane tattvajJo dakSiNa AmnAyanA dakSiNApathamAM, ane uttarapnAyanA uttarApaMthamAM pAkyA che. pUrvASnAya ane pazcimAsnAya ghaNe bhAge dharma ane tattvajJAnanA sAhityamAM daridrI che. A AkSepamAM keTaluMka satya samAyeluM che, paraMtu ApaNe te Aropa sarvAza kabUla karavA jevo nathI. upaniSadamAM kahyuM che ke jema bhUminI aMdara rahelA nidhi upara ApaNe roja pharIe to paNa nidhinuM bhAna ApaNane thatuM nathI, tema roja prANI mAtra suSupti samaye brahma saMbaMdhamAM Ave che chatAM brahma temane adaSTa rahe che. jema nidhinuM jJAna ane prAptinA upAyo che, tema brahmavastune meLavavAnA paNa upAyo che. nitya saMbaMdhavALo padArtha aMdhArAmAM rahe e ochuM zocanIya nathI. gujarAtanI bhUmimAM dharmajJo ane tattvo pAkyA nathI ema kahenArane ApaNe mAnapUrvaka uttara ApavAnI jarUra che.

Page #13
12 gujarAtamAM dhArmika ane gujarAta deza pazcimAsnAyamAM paDe che. bhAratavarSamAM mahAbhArata yuddha thayA pachI prajAno ane dharmano viplava thavAno prasaMga Ubho thayo tyAre je paramezvare avatAra dhAraNa karI dharmano samuddhAra karyo evA bhagavAna zrIkRSNanA divyabhAva saMbaMdhamAM hindudharmanI koI paNa zAkhA, prazAkhA, saMpradAya athavA paMthane matabheda nathI. ekI avAje zaiva, vaiSNavo, zAkto, gANapatyo vagere nirvivAdapaNe svIkAre che ke bhagavAna zrIkRSNa IzvarAvatArI hatA A IzcarAvatArI puruSanI janmabhUminuM mAna gokuLa mathurAno pradeza laI zakaze, temanI prauDha uttarAvasthAnA jIvana vaDe ane zuddha bhAgavata dharmanA aikAntika bodha vaDe bhAratavarSanI ujjavala dharmakIrtino vijayastaMbha to gujarAtanI dvArikA nagarImAM ja ropAyelo gaNAze. vedadharmano samuddhAra A izvarAvatArI "raNazauDU" (gujarAtI mAM "raNachoDa') eTale baLavAna yuddhavIre ane adbhuta prakAranAM dAna karanAra dAnavIra karyo che. "mahAbhArata' mAM zrIkRSNanA janmanA nimittarUpe ema kahevAmAM AvyuM che ke devakInA peTe bhagavAna avataryA te evA hetuthI ke bhUmi uparanA brahmanuM eTale vedajJAnanuM rakSaNa thaI zake. bhagavAna zrIkRSNanI baMsIvALA bAlagopAlanI mUrti vRMdAvanane pravitra karyA karaze, emanI yuvAvasthAnI rasamayI madhuramUrtinI rAsalIlA yamunA-pradezane akhUTa camatkAra ApyA karaze, paraMtu samarAMgaNamAM pAMcajanya zaMkhanAda karI senAnuM protsAhana karavAnA ane yuddhabhUmimAMthI palAyana karI kSAtradharmamAMthI pAchA haThatA arjunane vyApaka gItAdharma no upadeza karavAnA parAkramanA bIjako to dvArikAmAM ja pArthasArathinI mUrtie nAkhyAM gaNAze. kAraNake dvArikAmAM jaduryodhana ane arjune yuddhanA sAhAyanI mAgaNI karI hatI, ane pote zastra nahi dhAraNa karavAnuM vrata laI arjunanA rathanuM sArathipaNuM karavAnuM kabUla karI sUtradhAra tarIke dharmano jaya ane adharmano parAjaya karavAnA nATakano prathamaka zrIkRSNacaMdra dvArikAmAM ja bhajavyo hato. te bhagavAne potAnI dehalIlAnuM visarjana prabhAsapATaNa AgaLa ja karyuM hatuM. dharmajJAna ane tattvajJAnano prabodha paNa prabhAsapATaNa AgaLa ja chevaTano thayo hato. jemanI bhautikajIvana dazAmA maukA nA rakSaNanA bIjanuM ropaNa thayuM ane te bIjamAMthI mahAna nyagrodhavRkSarUpe hindudharma kaliyugamAM vistAra pAmyo tevA kaliyuganA Adya vedadharmapravartaka zrIkRSNanI AvAsavALI saurASTrabhUmi, jyAM sudhI gItAnI smRti

Page #14
tattvajJAnanA sAhityanI paristhiti raheze tyAM sudhI to gujarAtIone dharmAbhimAnanA kAraNarUpa javalaMta raheze. tevI ja rIte jainadharmanA tIrthakaroe anAdi aMnata jainazAsananI pratiSThA pavitra pAlItANAnA kSetramAM karelI che. | vedadharmanI samayamaryAdAnA ubUTa-mahIdharAdI bhASyakAro mAnaMpuravAtavya eTale vaDanagaranA nivAsI hatAM. Adya zaMkarAcArya dakSiNa keralanA kAlaTI kSetramAM janmyA hatA. paraMtu temaNe brahmavidyAnI prApti karAvanAra saMnyAsa dIkSA, ubhayataTapAvinI narmadA uparanA jJAnasiddha ane rasasiddha yogIzvara zrI goviMdabhagavAna pAse, gujarAtanI bhUmimAM lIdhI hatI. zaMkarAcAryanA smArTa saMpradAyanI pazcimAsnAyanI vidyApITha upara je prathamAcArya sthapAyA te aneka vidyAmAM nipuNa vArtikkAra surezvara hatAM. temaNe dvArikAmAM prathama maThAsnAyanI vyavasthA karI hatI. te ja vidyApITha upara janArdana svAmI urphe AnaMdajJAna zAMkarabhASyonA samartha TIkAkAra ane vaizeSika matanA khaMDanarUpa tattvasaMprajJA kartA paNa dvArikAmAM thaI gayAM che. cha Astika darzanomAM paramANu kAraNavAdanI bhUmikA racanAra Adya vaizeSika zAstranA draSTA bhagavAna kyAda muni prabhAsapATaNamAM janmayAM hatA ema vAyupurANa sAkSI pUre che. lakulIza pAzupatAcArya je covIzamA zivAvatAra manAya che emanI pAzupata matanI praNAlikA bhRgukSetranA kAyArohaNa athavA DabhoInA kAravaNa gAma AgaLa racAI hatI. pAzupata zAstranA saMgrAhaka ane pAzupata darzananI gari nA ane cAsara nA kartA bhAsarvajJa gujarAtamAM thayAMno ullekha che. sAMkhyAcArya vidhyAvAsI gujarAtanI prAnta bhUmi upara AvI vasyA hatA. yogazAstranA rAjyArtikanA kartA ane zaivasiddhAntanA tattvasaMprada nAmanA prakaraNanA kartA bhojadeva paramAra vaMzanA gujarAtI bhUmimAM thayAM hatAM. zrI sahajAnaMda svAmI ane AryasamAjanA AdyasaMsthApaka maharSi dayAnaMda gujarAtanI bhUmimAM thayA che. bauddha dharmanI samayamaryAdA bauddha mahAyAnI dharmAcArya zAntideva jemaNe tibeTamAM bauddha dharmano pracAra karyo hato ane jemanA voftharyAvatAra ane zikSAsamuccaya graMtho adyApi bauddhazAsananA pramANagranthomanAya che teo saurASTranA

Page #15
14 gujarAtamAM dhArmika ane rAjAnA putra hatAM. jaina dharmanI samayamaryAdAnA kalikAlasarvajJa birudavALA ane gujarAtamAM jainadharmane rAjadharma banAvanAra aneka nibaMdhanA kartA, saMskRta bhASAmAM jevA pANini tevA prAkRta bhASAnA bIjA samartha vaiyAkaraNa hemacaMdrAcArya gujarAtanA dhaMdhukAnA vatanI hatA. siddharAja jayasihaMnA samayamAM ratnaprabhasUri pramANanaya,tattvalokakAlaMkAra sane syAdvAdaratnAkarAvatArikA na ta pATamA thayA hatA. A pramANe veda dharmanA kaliyuganA AraMbhanA zrIkRSNa bhagavAna, smArta dharmanA samuddhAraka zrI zaMkarAcArya ane ziSya surezvarAcArya udhvaTAdi vedabhASyakAro, pAzupata dharmanA kilayuganA Adya zivAcArya lakulIza ane temanA anuyAyI bhAsarvajJa, vaizeSika darzananA AdyadraSTA kaNAda muni, saMkhyAcArya viMdhyavAsI. yogavArtikakAra, ane zaivasiddhAntanA sthApaka bhojadeva, vaiSNava saMpradAyanA sudhAraka zrI sahajAnaMda, ane ekezvavAdI Arya samAjanA sthApaka maharSi dayAnaMdajI vagere aneka pratApI dharma ane tattvajJAnanA pracAraka mahApuruSo gujarAtanI bhUmimAM pAkyA che. tevI ja rIte mahAyAna bauddhAcArya zAntideva ane jaina zAsananA samartha pracAraka hemacaMdrAcArya gujarAtanI bhUmimAM pAkyA che. AthI traNe moTA dharmonAM udayasthAno gujarAtamAM che, paNa A guptanidhi (Treasure Trove) khodI jovA prayatna ApaNe karyo nathI, ane tethI dharmajJAnamAM ane tattvajJAnamAM ApaNe dhanavAna chatAM daridrI gaNAyA chIe. jyAre bauddha dharmanuM rahasya nIti ane karuNAmAM che ane jayAre jaina dharmanuM rahasya ahiMsA ane cAritryamAM che; tyAre kalikAlanA hindudharmanuM rahasya jJAna ane bhaktimAM che. hindu dharmamAM paramAtmAnI be prakAranI bhAvanA che. ekabhAvanA paramAtmAnevizvathI para eTale vizvattIrNa mAnanArI che. bIjI bhAvanA te paramAtmAne vizvamaya che evuM mAnanArI che. je ttatva vizvathI para che te ja ttatvavizvamAM vyApaka rahI tenuM niyamana kare che. AthI je paramAtmA jJAne karI samajAya tevo che, te ja paramAtmA bhakti karIne anubhavAya tevo paNa che. je zeya paramezvaranA mana-vANIthI agocara chatAM jIvane AtmArUpe oLakhAya che, te ja paramezvara jIvanI parAbhakti vaDe jagatamAM jayAM tyAM anubhavAya che. paramezvaranA zeyasvarUpane oLakhavAnuM jJAnazAstra che, tyAre tenA upAya

Page #16
tattvajJAnanA sAhityanI paristhiti svarUpane meLavavAnuM bhaktizAstra che. jJAnanA pAyAmAM jyAre tIvra vairAgyanI jarUra che, tyAre bhaktinA pAyAmAM tIvra premanI jarUra che. bhaktinA UMDo bheda samajanAra gujarAtanA Adyakavi narasiMha mahetAche. purANA bhAgavata saMpradAyanAlopa pAmatA dehanuM saMrakSaNa jema mahArASTramAM jJAnezvara mahArAje (1273-1295) karyuM che. tema gujarAtamAM narasiMha mahetAe karyuM che. bannemAM jJAnamizra bhakti che. paramezvaranA kRSNAvatArI rUpane AlaMbana rUpe laI premarasathI bhagavAnane kAvyazarIramAM narasiMha mahetAe jANe bIjo avatAra Apyo che. "hAramALA"nA prasaMgamAM amUrtaparamezvara mUrtarUpa dhAraNa karI bhaktano Teka kevI rIte jALave che tenI UMDI samaja ApaNane maLe che. game te zarIradhArInA rUpamAM paramezvara AvezathI avatarI bhaktanAM kAryo sAthe che, e marma narasiMha mahetAnA AkhA jIvanamAM jhaLake che. jyAre sAmAnya jano tene camatkAra mAne che, tyAre bhakta pote tene pratyakSa anubhavamAne che. te jamAnAnAmithyA vairAgIonAmithyAghamaMDane narasiMha mahetAnI dRSTimAM bhaktinA traNa yonimAM UbhA thayA jaNAya che. divyayonimAM zaMkara athavA "bhoLA zaMbhu," siddhayonimAM zukadevajI, ane manuSya yonimAM gopIjana. A traNa yoninA AkarSo mAM teNe bhaktine vaicitryavALI jaNAvI che. zaMkarabhagavAnaddhArAtemaNe jJAnavairAgyanI pAMkho bhaktine jarUranI che ema jaNAvyuM che, cittano parama nirodha e bhaktino madhya dehache ema zukadevajInA jIvana dvArA teNe samajAvyuM che, teno AtmA harinI "laganI" mAM rahyo che, evuM te gopIjananA jIvana vaDe samajAve che. premarasano svAda zaMkara jANe, ke jANe zuka yogI re, eka jANe che vrajanI nArI, bIjo narasaiyo bhogI. saMsAravevAra sarva sAcavIe, vikArathI vegaLA rahIe re, sarva bhUla samadaSTa pekhe, tene verAgI kahIe. narasiMha mahetAnI bhakti sarvAMgasuMdara che. te ekadezI AvezavALI nathI, hAramALAnA chellA padamAM sAcA bhakta athavA "vaiSNavajana'nAM uttama lakSaNonuM citra narasiMha mahetAe ApaNane ApyuM che :

Page #17
16 gujarAtamAM dhArmika ane vaiSNavajana to tene kahIe, je pIDa parAI jANe re. paraduHkhe upakAra kare ne, mana abhimAna na ANe re. sakaLa lokamAM sahune vanda, niMdA na kare kenI re, vAca kAcha, ne nizcaya rAkhe, dhanya dhanya jananI tenI re. samaSTi ne tRSNAtyAgI, parastrI jene mAta re, jihvA thakI asatya na bole, paradhana nava jhAle hAtha re. mohamAyA vyApe nahi tene, daDha vairAgya jenA manamAM re, rAmanAma zuM tALI re lAgI, sakaLa tIratha tenA tanamAM re. vaNalobhI ne kapaTarahita che, kAmakrodha nivAryA re, bhaNe narasaiyo tenuM darzana thAtAM, kuLa Ikotera tAryA re. dharmajJAnanuM rahasya narasiMha mahetA jANe che eTaluM ja paNa tattvajJAnano marma paNa te potAnA anubhavamAM utArI zakyA che. nIcenAM be pado tenI tattvajJAnanI sAkSI pUre che : nIrakhane gaganane koNa ghUmI rahyo, te ja huM, te ja huM zabda bole; zyAmanA caraNamAM icchuM maraNa re, ahIMyAM koI nathI kaSNa tole. zyAmazobhA ghaNI, buddhi nA kaLI zake, anaMta occhavamAM paMtha bhUlI; jaDane caitanya rasa karI jANavo, pakaDI preme saMjIvanImULI. jaLahaLa jyota udyota ravi koTamAM, hema nI kora jyAM nIsare tole; saccidAnaMda AnaMdakrIDA kare, sonAnA pAraNA mAMhI jhUle. battI viNa,tela viNa, sUtra viNa jo vaLI, acaLa jhaLake sadA anaMta dIvo; netraviNa nirakhavo, rUpa viNa parakhavo, vaNa jidvAe rasa sarasa pIvo. akaLa avinAzIe nava ja jAe kaLyo, aradha uradhanI mAMhe hAle; narasaiyo sAco svAmI sakaLa vyApI rahyo, premanA taMtamAM saMta jhIle. akhila brahmADamAM eka tuM zrIhari, jAve rUpe anaMta bhAse; dehamAM deva tuM, tejamAM tattva tuM, zUnyamAM zabda thaI veda vAse. pavana tuM, pANI tuM, bhUmi tuM bhUdharA, vRkSa thaI phulI rahyo AkAze;

Page #18
tattvajJAnanA sAhityanI paristhiti vividha racanAkarI, aneka rasa levAne, ziva thakI jIva thayo e ja Aze. veda to ema vade, zrutismRti zAkha de, kanaka kuMDaLa vize bheda nhoye; . ghATa ghaDIA pachI nAmarUpa jUjavAM, aMtye to hemanuM hema hoye. graMtha garabaDa karI vAta na karI kharI, jehane je game tehane pUje; mana karma vacanathI Apa mAnI lahe, satya che e ja mana ema sUjhe. vRkSamAM bIja tuM, bIjamAM vRkSa tuM, jouM paTaMtare e ja pAse, bhaNe narasaiyo e, mana taNI zodhanA, prIta karuM premazuM prakaTa thAze." karyA karma kadI chUTatAM nathI, ane manuSya karmaparavaza che evuM sAmAnya vedAMtIoe ane karmavAdIoe manAvyuM che, narasiMha mahetAe potAnA bhaktisiddhAMtamAM urADI dIdhuM che : prema nAM karma jo hari bhaye nava TaLe, to kahuM koNa te kAma te karaze; satya samajI kadI paramapada parakhazo, bhavabhayabhramane te ja haraze. jIva Izvara ane brahmanA bhedamAM satya vastu nahi sadya jaDaze, huM ane tuM paNa tajIza narasaiyA to, guru tane pAra pADaze." narasiMha mahetAnI bahoLI dharmabhAvanAe sarvaprANIone prabhupadamAM laI javAno mArga khullo karI batAvyo: "viSayI tAryA re viSayI, viSayI tAratAM na lAgI vAra, patita hatA te pAvana kIdhA,dharIne kRSNa avatAra. koI kaheze viSayI kiyA tAryA, jeNe e rasa cAkhyo re, mana karma vacana mahetAjIne arpa, nAthajIe hRdayamAM rAkhyo." narasaMha mahetAnAM kAvyomAM jevI viSNubhakti zuddha dharmanA AdarzarUpe jhaLake che tevI ja prabhukti mIrAMbAInAM (1403-1470) padomAM paNa taravare che. bhaktirasanI sarItA narasiMha mahetA ane mIrAMbAInA vaikuMThavAsa pachI sukAI gaI ane i.sa. 16 mA saikAmAM ApaNI daSTine kheMce tevA dharma - bhaktinA kavio athavA lekhako thayA jaNAtA nathI. parantu zuddhAdvaita matanA saMsthApaka zrImad vallAbhAcArya (I.sa. 1479-1530) nA dharmaprasAraNanA prabhAva vaDe prAcIna

Page #19
18 gujarAtamAM dhArmika ane bhAgavatamatanI vAsudevabhaktie bAlakRSNanI bhaktinuM bhAgavata, purANane anusaratuM rUpAMtara dharyuM, ane zRMgAramizra kRSNabhaktithI prajAnuM mana vizeSa raMgAyuM. zake nahi, ane tethI IzvarabhaktinuM vikArI rUpa prajAmAM dAkhala thavA pAmyuM. tenI zuddhi karavAnuM vrata akhAe (1615-1675) lIdhuM. zuddha bhaktinI chAMTavALA vedAMta jJAnanA bharapUra grantho teNe racyA hatA. tenI hindI bhASAnI "saMtapriyA' ane brahmalIlA' vaDe ane gujarAtI bhASAnI (1) paMcIkaraNa, (2) cittavicArasaMvAda, (3) guru ziSya saMvAda, (4) anubhavabindu, (5) akhegItA (6) kaivalyagItA, (7) chappA, (8) soraThA athavA parajiyA, vagere kRtio vaDe gujarAtI bhASAmAM zuddha vedAMtadharmanuM prasAraNa sAmAnya prajAne upayogI thAya tevI rIte thayuM che. akhAnuM dharmajJAna ane tattvajJAna laukika keLavaNIthI prApta thayuM nahotuM, paraMtu brahmAnaMda jevA anubhavI jJAnIthI akhaMDa zravaNa karelA sAhityathI saMskAra pAmelI ane guruprasAdathI posAyelI mati vaDe utpanna thayeluM che." akhA pachI saMDezvaranA prItama (1830) vedAntajJAnanuM sArasagItA, jJAnakkako, gurumahimA, jJAnamAsa, bhaktiprakAza, jJAnaprakAza, bhagavadgItA, adhyAtma rAmAyaNa, jJAnagItA, kRSNalIlA, vagere grantho vaDe prasAraNa karyuM hatuM. zivAdvaitavAdI raNachoDajI dIvAna (1768-1841)no zivarahasyano vraja bhASAmAM anuvAda, zivagItAno anuvAda, vagere temanA UMDA jJAnavairAgyanA bhAvone jaNAvavA samartha che. gujarAtI prajA raNachoDajI dIvAnane eka rAjanItijJa ane ItihAsakAra tarIke jANe che. paraMtu tenI UMDI dharmajJatAne bhAgye ja jANe che. temaNe satIno rivAja baMdha karavAmAM, ane bALakanI thatI hatyAnA nivAraNamAM aMgrejI rAjayane hiMmatathI madada karI hatI. temanuM hiMdI ane phArasInuM jJAna eTaluM to vizAla ane UMDuM hatuM ke temanA dharmagranthomAM te jJAnanA suMdara raMgo lAvavA sArI rIte samartha thayA che. dIvAna raNachoDajImAM kalama, kaDachI ane barachI-e traNenI kuzaLatA hatI. vaiSNava saMpradAyanI vizuddhi karanAra zrI sahajAnaMdasvAmInA pachI temanA anuyAyIobrahmAnaMda, mukatAnaMda,maMjukezAnaMda,devAnaMda vagere sAdhu janone uddhavamatane anusaratAM jJAnavairAgyanAM pado vaDe virAgavALI bhaktinuM citra prajAjanamAM sArI rIte cItarI

Page #20
tattvajJAnanA sAhityanI paristhiti jAyuM che. - uddhava saMpradAyanA sAhityanA saMcayanA mukhya be bhAga thaI zake: (1) paMcavartamAna, (2) ekAMtika bhAgavata dharma. paMcavartamAnamAM nirlobha, niSkAma, niHsvAda, niHsneha tathA nirmAna-e pAMca vartana; tathA ekAntika bhAgavata dharmamAMdharma, jJAna, vairAgya ane bhakti e cAra aMgano samAveza thAya che. dvitiya vibhAganA aneka peTAvibhAgo thaI zake. svAmI brahmAnaMdajInA sumatiprakAza tathA vartamAna vivekagraMthamAM tathA svAmI zrI niSkulAnaMdanA bhaktacittAmaNi graMthamAM A sAMpradAyika dharma tattvanuM ciMtana kAvyarItie karyuM che." vallabha saMpradAyane anusaratuM dharmaciMtana kavi dayArAme (17671852) karyuM che. temanI garabIo jyAre kavi dayArAmanI rasikatAnI sAkha pUre che, tyAre temanA prakaraNa graMtho-bhaktipoSaNa,prabodhabAvanI, manamatisaMvAda, premarasagItA, rasikavallabha, ane puSTipatha rahasya-temanA UMDA sAMpradAyika dharmajJAnanI khAtrI Ape che. bhajanIya zrIkRSNanuM svarUpa ane temanA nirguNa ane saguNa rUpanuM ciMtana karavAmAM dayArAma kavie dharmanI eka dezI bhAvanAne vibhu banAvI dIdhI che. pUrNa puruSottamanI temanI nIcenI bhAvanA dayArAmane sAMpradAyika bhaktane badale tAttvika bhaktarUpe, ApaNA AgaLa rajA kare che - nahi koI jenI samovaDI, koI Iza nahI jene zIza, sarva vastu je thakI thaI, je koI kahAve sarvanA adhIza; sarvAdhIza, vaMde sahu jene, nigama neti, kahe che tene; zeSa, maheza, vidhithI agamya, tene kahIe pUrNa puruSottama. sevo zrIkRSNa kRpAla. zrI puruSottamane paraharI, jenuM anya amara mana mohe, (te) kAmadughA maLI mUkIne, mahiSIputranuM paya dohe; dohe gAya mukI mUDha pADo, tarasyo gaMgAtIre khode che khADo, tema pUrNa tyajI avara ArAdhe, mahenata mAthe paDe kAMI na lAdhe. sevo zrIkRSNa kRpAla."

Page #21
gujarAtamAM dhArmika ane jagata e harinuM UgI nIkaLeluM bAhyarUpa che ema jaNAvI haribhajanamAM jagatanuM poSaNa che, ane jagatanI niMdA nathI evI tAttvika samajaNa dayArAmabhAI nIcenI kaDIomAM Apeche : jagata vRkSa tenuM mUla hari, mULa poSe vRkSa poSAya. pratizAkhA jaLa siMcIe, tethI taru tRpti nA thAya, tRpti na thAya vRthA zrama pahoMce, samajaNa Ave tyAre pachI zoce; makhadvArA sahu Indriya saMtoSe, bhojana aMga lepyuM koIne na poSe; sevo kRSNa kRpAla. hari e mUla che, ane jagata e vRkSa che. harinA bhajanavaDe jagata tRpta thAya che. vizuddha bane che. jhADanA pAMdaDAM ane zAkhAone pANI reDavAthI jhADa poSAtu nathI e bhAvanAmAM IzvaranuM antaryAmIpaNuM dayArAmabhAI ne sugama rIte samajAyuM che. paramezvararUpI mUlamAMthI UgI nIkaLelA saMsAravRkSa sAthe bhaktanA vicAra kevA hoya che te bAbata dayArAmabhAI kahe che ke : hari vyApaka lahI sarvamAM, nava ANavo koIno doSa; mana, karma, vacane jema bane tema karavo sarvano saMtoSa saMtoSa prANI prabhu prasanna, tethI sukhI poSe harijana, saghaLe dayA e pUjA hari kerI, dehIne dubhave te kRSNanA verI. sevo zrIkRSNa kRpAla. jagatavRkSanA mUlarUpa hari sAtheno bhaktano prema sAhajika hoya che. hari sAthenI prIti sAMsArika prANI-padArthonI prIti karatAM judA prakAranI che. sAMsArika prIti, rUpa, guNa ane dravyanA nimitte karI baMdhAya che, ane tethI vikArI prIti che. haripratino prema AvA nimittane laIne nathI paNa sahaja sneharUpe hoya che. A sahaja

Page #22
tattvajJAnanA sAhityanI paristhiti 21 snehanuM bIja cAra zAkhAmAM phlAyache - (1) prema, (2) Asakti, (3) vyasana, (4) tanmayatA. A cAranAM lakSaNo kavi dayArAma nIcenI kaDIomAM Ape che. . kahIe premanuM lakSaNa eka, jyAre maLe tyAre teno te sneha; viyoga thAya tyAre tape tana, tyAMhAM tyAMhAM vaLagyuM rahe mana. eka vAra AkhA divasamAM (paNa) maLyA vinA nava rahevAya, jo nA maLe to vikaLa thAya, e to Asakti kahevAya. kahevAye vyasana AvuM jyAre thAya, sAmA sAmI hRdaya vIMdhAya, tanmayatA to mRtyu samAna, A cAre Ave Ape haridAna. vaidika varNAzramAcAra karatAM haribhakti caDiyAtuM sAdhana che, kAraNake temAM jAti, kula, guNa ItyAdi laukika bheda upara baMdhAyelA dharmanAM sAdhanonI jarUra paDatI nathI, paNa sarva prANInA uddhAranuM haribhakti sAdhana che. dharmanI A udAra bhAvanAe dayArAmane bhaktimArganA uttama anubhavInI mudrA ApI che. nIcenI kaDIo temanI udAra dharmabhAvanA sAbita karavA basa thaze. jAti juo to AhIranI, temAM abaLAM adhama avatAra; e vedAdi nhotI bhaNI, nhoto uttama karma adhikAra. adhikAra vaNa eka prema pratApa, karyA AdhIna zrIkRSNajI Apa; te gopInI padaraja vaMde iza, prema lakSaNA te saune zIza. sevA saMgata hari bhaktanI, kare prema bhakti utpanna; te kare kRtAratha ekalI, nava joIe koI sAdhana. joie na vaya, vidyA, vitta, varNa, rUpa, parAkrama, pavitrAcaraNa; kahezo joyAM nathI kaho kIye ThAma, to suNo pragaTa batAvuM nAma. dhruvajIne kyAM vaya hatuM, kyAM hatuM sudAmAne dhana; kubbAne hatuM rUpa kayahAM, ugrasenane zuM puruSAtana. puruSAtana nahotuM ujharAya, gajane kyAM hatI vidyAya;

Page #23
22 gujarAtamAM dhArmika ane pAradhImAM kyAMthI zubha AcaraNa, kevaLa bhakti pAmyA giri parNa. sevo zrIkRSNa kRpAla. haribhaktithI saMskAra pAmelA bhaktane mAyAno moha lAgato nathI; haribhakta nirbhaya hoya che; kevaLa jJAnI mAyAnA bhayamAM AvI paDe che. dayArAmabhAI mArmika bhASAmAM bhaktinI sarasAI batAvatAM kahe che ke : bhakta te bhakti svarUpa che, tene mAyo nathI re leza; strI thakI strI mohAya nahi, moha pAme puruSane veza. puruSa jJAna vairAgya ne yoga, tene pIDe ajA rUpIo roga; te kAraNa bhraSTa thAya che teha, bhaktane acaLa harizuM sneha. vaLI yogI mAtra potAnA AtmAno ja uddhAra karI zake che, harijana saunuM kalyANa kare che : yogI rahe sadA ekalo, hari nma tAre sau saMgI; siddha udAsI rahe sadA, hoya saMta suMdara rasa raMgI. raMge rasika seve guNa gAya, pote pIe sudhA sAmAne pAya. bhakta snehI saunuM sAre kAma, dhyAnI sAthe koino nahi ThAma. A yogI ane haribhaktanA svarUpamAM je rahasya hindu dharmamAM samajAyuM che, tevuM ja rahasya bauddha dharmanA hInayAnanI arvatanI ane mahAyAnanI bodhisatvanI bhAvanAmAM samajAvavAmAM AvyuM che. sahajazakti jemanAmAM jAgI che teo svabhAvathI ja niSkAma karmayogI hoya che; ane jagatane sarvadA nirdoSarUpe oLakhI zake che. kAMi prabhu pAse na mAgIe, mAgye pastAvo thAya; udAsI Ave nAthane,vyApAra sarIkhuM jaNAya. jaNAya evuM mATe rakhe jAgo, sevo zrIkRSNa dharI sneha sAco;

Page #24
23 tattvajJAnanA sAhityanI paristhiti vaNamAgye sau Ape svAmI, nathI ajANyA aMtarajAmI. gata darpaNa jonAra tuM, sAmuM dIse jevuM tuja pAse; kaSTane kaSTa, sAdhune sAdhu, bhava AdarzamAM bhAse. bhAse te sahu nijamAM che jANo, doSarahita duniyA paramANo; eve viveke jo rahevAya, rAgadveSa nahi ko thakI thAya. kavi dayArAmanA vaikuMThavAsa pachI gujarAtamAM aMgrejI keLavaNIno praveza thayo. te pravezane lIdhe ApaNI samAjanI saMskRtanI be zAkhAo thaI H (1) prAcIna vaidika dharma ane itihAsa purANane vaLagI rahenArI ane (2) pazcima saMskRti vaDe samAjane sudhAravAnA vaLa vALI, paraMtu ekezvaravAdanA siddhAMtane daDha vaLagI rahenArI. banne zAkhAmAM dharmano rasa vaheto hato ; paNa tenI vAhaka nADIonI racanAmAM phera hato. sanAtana zAkhAnA vicArako mUla vaheNa jayAM jayAM ajJAna ane vahemanI zilAothI khaMDita thayuM hatuM. tene sudhAravA ane dharmapravAha mUla praNAlikAe vahe evI icchAvALo hato, bIjI zAkhA evuM mAnatI ke mUla vaheNa evuM to jhADI ane jaMgalamAM daTAI gayuM che ke tene zodhI sApha karavAnI mithyA mahenata karavA karatAM upaniSadomAM samAyelA zuddha saguNa brahmavAdane, samAjanA navA baMdhAraNamAM, navI naheramAM cAlu karavo, ane zAstranA vAkyomAM svaccheda vihAra karavA devI.baMne zAkhAmAM kharI rIte AstikatA hatI, paNa jUnA saMpradAyavALA navI zAkhAmAM nAstikatA dekhatA; ane navI zAkhAvALA jUnA saMpradAyavALAne vahemI gaNatA. purANa dharmavAdI ane navA dharmavAdInA vicAro ane AcAronI athaDAmaNo bhAre thaI hatI. baMne pakSanA himAyatIo AraMbhamAM AvezamAM AvI asavivekane ane tulanAzaktine khoI beThA hatA. AvA AvezanA vAtAvaraNamAM ApaNA gujarAtI sAhityanA prANaprada be kavio thaI gayAM. eka kavi dalapatarAma (1820 thI 1898) ane bIjA kavi narmadAzaMkara (1833 thI 1886). kavi dalapatarAmano madhyama mArga, kavi narmadAzaMkarano uddAma mArga. baMne kavioe nItitattvanuM ciMtana sArI rIte karyuM hatuM. kavi dalapatarAme nItidharmano Adarza tarato rAkhyo, kavi narmadAzaMkare premazauryano Adeza AgaLa dharyo. kavi narmadAzaMkaranI uddAma vRtie je ucchedaka

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24 gujarAtamAM dhArmika ane bhAvanAne poSaNa ApyuM hatuM te temanI uttara avasthAnA cittanA parivartanathI saMrakSaka bhAvanAnA rUpamAM palaTAi gai, ane je sudhAraka kavi jUnI praNAlikAne niMdatA hatA te uttara avasthAmAM samajaNavALA sanAtanI thai gayA A baMne kharI rIte uttama kavio hatA, paraMtu dharma tathA nItinA saMbaMdhamAM teo mukhya vicAraka nahotA. dharma ane nItinA sAhityamAM temano upakAra kAvya dvArA thayo che. pratyakSa upakAra temano nathI. dharma nItinA sanAtana ane navIna Adarzo rajU karanArI be avAMtara zAkhAo gujarAtamAM 19 mI sadImAM thaI che. eka aMgrejI keLavaNInA yogavALI paraMtu yunivarsiTInA zikSaNa saMskAra vinAnI. bIjI yunivarsiTInA zikSaNasaMskAravALI. pahelI zAkhAnA pravartaka rA. bA. bhoLAnAtha sArAbhAI (1823 thI 1886 ) ane bIjI zAkhAnA pravartaka brahmaniSTha maNilAla nabhubhAI (1858 thI 1898). rA. bA. bhoLAnAtha sArAbhAI pUrvAvasthAnA sanAtanI mUrtipUjaka zaiva, uttara avasthAnA amUrta izvaravAdI bhakta thayAM.paMDita maNilAla nabhubhAI amUrta brahmavAdI chatAM mUrta izvaravAdInA saMrakSaNa ane amRtabrahmanA jJAna sAthe mUrta izvaranI bhaktino samanvaya karanAra tattvaciMtaka. rA. bA. bhoLAnAthabhAInI izvarabhakti temanI IzvaraprArthanAmALA, izvarapAsanA, diMDI abhaMgamAM evI to madhura ane mohaka bhASAmAM che ke sidhdhAntamAM bheTavALA sanAtanI mUrtipUjako paNa paramezvaranI prArthanAmAM temanAM kAvyono upayoga karI zake che. rA.bA. navalarAmabhAI kahe che tema "prauDha bhASA paNa anubhavI vidvAna gRhasthathI lakhAyelI hoya che to te sAdhAraNathI kAMI samajAtI nathI. prauDha bhASA sAdhAraNa lokone apriya ke agrAhya nathI. tenuM pratyakSa udAharaNa bhoLAnAthabhAInI prArthanAmALA che... jo ke pustaka, saMskRta zabdothI bharapUra che. phArasI, arabI zabdo to ghaNuM karIne AkhA pustakamAM eke zodhyo paNa jaDaze nahi, ane apabhraMza zabdo paNa na cAle ja vAparelA dekhAya che, to paNa bhASAnI bAbatamAM sarvamAnya thai paDayuM che; ane jUnI keLavaNInA mANaso paNa hoMze hoMse vAMce che." rA. bA. bhoLAnAthabhAinI ghaNI UMDI dharmaniSThA hatI. te niSThAnuM zuddha pratibimba temanAM paghomAM taravare che, eTaluM ja nahIM paNa temanA gadyamAM to sthira

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tattvajJAnanA sAhityanI paristhiti 25 thaI gayeluM jaNAya che. "dharmaniSThA thakI samAdhAna" e lekhamAMthI utArelo nIceno aMza gujarAtI bhASA uparanuM temanuM abhUta prabhutva darzAvavA basa che. "dharmaniSThAnI ATalI badhI prazaMsA karI che te vAjabI che kiMvA zI rIte teno ApaNe vicAra karIe, ne te spaSTa jaNAI Ave mATe. saMkaTa samaye dharmaniSTha tathA sadAcArI mANasa ane tethI UlaTA durAcArI mANasanA mananI sthitinI tulanA karIe. saMkaTa samaye dharmaniSTha mANasane samAdhAna eTalA uparathI thAya che ke temanuM pAchaluM AcaraNa zuddha thatAM doSarahita hatuM, evo tenA manamAM vicAra utpanna thaIne te zAnta rahe che, paraMtu tethI viparIta mANasono jAdo ja prakAra thAya che potAnA pUrA doranA vakhatamAM, vaibhavanA madamAM, tathA saMpattithI thanArA saukhyAnaMdamAM bUDelA hoya che, tethI aMtardIpanA saumya upadeza tarapha teTalA lakSa ApatA nathI. kAmadhaMdhAmAM cakacUra athavA ezaArAmamAM bharapUra DUbI gayelA hovAthI gaMbhIra vicAra ane aMtajaryotino aMtaHkaraNamAM bodha maLI zakato nathI." A utAro kharI rIte aMgrejI upadeza (Sermon) nuM bhASAntara che, paNa na jANanArane to te prauDha gujarAtIno uttama namUno jaNAyA vinA nahi rahe. brAhma samAja-prArthanA samAja vacce paraspara upakAraka saMbaMdha che, to paNa nirAkAra paramezvaramAM zraddhA-bhakti saMbaMdhamAM, ane sadAcAranA pAlanamAM, e be samAjanI dharmapraNAlikAmAM ekamatya che. rA. bA. bhoLAnAthabhAinI cittanI UMDI dharmaniSThAnAM ghaDanArAM nimitto cAra hatAM : (1) paramezvara upara saprema bhakti ane zraddhA, (2) pApabhIrutA, (3) manuSyamAtra tarapha bhrAtRbhAva, ane (4) udAratA ane dezakalyANanI sotsAha icchA. nirAkAra paNa saguNa ekezvaravAdanA siddhAntonI samajaNa jevI rIte rA. bA. bhoLAnAthabhAI e gujarAtI prajAne anubhava baLathI ApI che, tevI rIte nirguNa-nirAkAra brahmavAdanA siddhAMtanI samajaNa ane tenI saguNa-sAkAra izvaravAdanA siddhAMtavALA bhaktiyoga sAthenI ekavAkyatAnI samajaNa brahmaniSTha maNilAlabhAie paNa abhedamArganA anubhavabaLathI ApI che. brahmaniSTha maNilAlabhAimAM dharmaniSThA uparAMta tattvaniSThA balavatI hatI. gujarAtI bhASAmAM tattvajJAnanA sAhityano mUla pAyo nAkhavAnuM mAna brahmaniSTha maNilAlabhAIne ja

Page #27
26 gujarAtamAM dhArmika ane maLyuM che. jyAre gujarAtI bhASAmAM prAcIna kAvyonuM sAhitya vAsudeva athavA kRSNanI mUrtabhAvanI bhaktimAM parisamApta thaI aTakyuM hatuM, jyAre prArthanAsamAje amUrta bhAvanI izvarabhaktine vedane paravaza banAvI hatI, tyAre sarva darzananA abhyAsathI thayelI paripakava buddhi vaDe brahmaniSTha maNilAle vedanA dharma ane brahma e be padArthonI ekavAkyatA karI hatI. brahmaniSTha maNilAla'priyavaMdA" ane "sudarzana' mAsika dvArA tathA aneka svataMtra nibaMdho dvArA vedAnta-darzananA dhArmika ane tAttvika jJAnano pravAha dhArAbaMdha calAvI gujarAtamAM navuM dharmabala prakaTa karyuM hatuM. advaitadarzananA temanA nIcenA graMtho dharmajJAnanA navA kIrtistaMbho che: rAjayoga, monIjhama opha atijhama, jIvanmuktiviveka, siddhAntasAra, paMcazatI ("imITezana opha zaMkara ') nuM gujarAtImAM bhASAMtara, Atmanimajjana (premajIvana ane abhedormi), vRtiprabhAkara, mAMDUkya upaniSada. brahmaniSTha maNilAlanA kAvya, alaMkAra, nATaka, jainadarzana, yogadarzana, ane nyAyazAstrane lagatAgraMtho temanI prakhara vidvattAnA namUnA ja che. TUMkAmAM dArzanika sAhityano gujarAtImAM janma bra. maNilAlathI thayo ema kahevAmAM atyukti nathI. maNilAlanA "sudarzana' nA brahmavAdanI sAme Takkara jhIlanAra "jJAnasudhA' no ekezvaravAda hato. maNilAlanA jJAna-vairAgya uparano Takora ane "jJAnasudhA' no nIti-bhakti uparano Takora tattvAvabhAsIne madhyama mArganuM zIkhavavA basa hato. kahevAtI advaitamastImAM nItinuM zithilapaNuM ane bhaktinI ekadezI tANamAM buddhinuM DUbI javuM- e be atizayono samayAnusAra aTakAva karanArI be vyaktio gujarAtamAM pedA thaI hatI : (1) manaHsukharAma sUryarAma tripAThI, ane (2) govardhanarAma mAdhavarAma tripAThI. (1855-1907). manaHsukharAmabhAInA lekho kRtrima saMskRta zabdothI bharelA hovAthI lokabhogya thayAM nathI, paraMtu temAM rahelA vicAranA gAMbhIryane laine vidvadbhAgya thai zakyA che. manaHsukharAmabhAinA AraMbhanA lekho bahu kilaSTa na hatAM." dharma ane bharata khaMDanI Adhunika sthiti"- e nibaMdha pramANamAM sarala bhASAmAM lakhAyo che. manuSya prANImAM indriyaprApta jJAna ane buddhiprApta jJAnanI zaktio svabhAvathI ja hoya che. indriyaprApta jJAnazaktine bhAsanA kahIe to buddhiprApta jJAnazaktine

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tattvajJAnanA sAhityanI paristhiti bhAvanA kahIe. paraMtu A be zaktiothI judI eka antaHkaraNanI zakti che, jene manaHsukharAma dharmavAsanA kahe che. "adazya paramezvarane jANavA sAru je antaHkaraNanI zakti samartha thAya che te bhAsanA ane bhAvanA zaktithI judI che. te paNa manuSya jAtimAM bahu rUpe rahelI che, ema vicAra karatAM jaNAya che. te mUla zaktinuM dharmavAsanA zakti athavA zraddhA kahIe to nirvAha thAya che tema che. have jema buddhibIja manuSya mAtrAmAM sahaja (sAthe utpanna thayeluM) che, tema dharmavAsanA zakti athavA zraddhAbIja paNa sahaja che. buddhino prakAza keTalAka prasaMga ane sAdhanathI thAya che, tema zraddhAno prakAza paNa thAya che. buddhine indriya sahAyakArI thaI paDe che, tema zraddhAne indriya ane buddhi banne sahAyakArI thAya che. manuSya mAtra sAvacetI eTalI ja rAkhavAnI ke buddhibIja koI indriyonA viSayathI kohI jAya athavA zekAI jAya athavA UgatAM UgatAM ja tene puSTikAraka poSaNa na maLethI ThIMgarAI jAya ke nAzakAraka saMyoga thayethI nAza pAme tema na thavA devuM joie. vAsanAzaktinA saMbaMdhamAM paNa e ja sAvacetI rAkhavAnI agatya che, ke viSayothI indriyo ane kutarkathI buddhi tene DAbI nAMkhe ke phADI nAMkhe tema na thavA devuM joie. bhAsanA, bhAvanA, ane vAsanA, e traNa zaktio mULamAM izvaradatta hoya ema vadhAre saMbhave che. mUla vAcAzakti jevI dharmavAsanA eka che, ane svara vyaMjana jevI tenI mukhya vyakti paNa eka ja che. bheda paDe che te pAchaLanA rUpAntaramAM che. ema dharmavAsanA ane tenI bhUla vyakti e manuSya mAtranI eka dekhAya che. eTalA sudhIno dharma kahIe to te sarvano eka ja che. je bheda dekhAya che te dharmamArgamAM che, mATe vicAravAna manuSyoe dharma judo che ema na samajavuM joie, paNa mArga judo che ema kahevuM joIe. eTalA ja sAru kizcana, musalamAna, ke pArasI, Adi koInI vAta karatAM te anyadharmI che ema nahi paNa anyamArgI che ema kahI vyavahAra karavo e yogya che." uparanA dharmatattvanA vivecanamAM manaHsukharAmabhAInI bhASA sarala ane saMskArI che, ane tevI bhASAne temaNe cAlu rAkhI hota to navalarAmabhAinA

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gujarAtamAM dhArmika ane "saMskRtamaya gujarAtI" e lekhamAM samAyelA AkSepanA bhoga teo na thayA hota. zrI govardhanarAmanuM dhArmika ciMtana vadhAre tapomaya hatuM. temanA ciMtanamAM buddhi ane zraddhAne samAna sthAna hatuM. zaMkarAcAryanA vacana mAtramAM je manaHsukharAmanI zraddhA hatI, tenA karatAM bahoLI athavA prauDha zraddhA zrI govardhanabhAIne sarva dharmajJonA vacanamAM hatI.govardhanabhAInuM dharmanuM adhyayana ekadezI na hatuM, paNa anekadezI hatuM. temanA dhArmika vicAromAM vaiSNava,zaiva, vedAnta ane bauddha, khristi vagere aneka saMpradAyonA siddhAntono sAra peThelo jaNAya che, ane vyavahAradharma ane paramArthadharmanI jIvanamAM ekavAkyatA karavAno temano khAsa uddeza jaNAya che. "sarasvatIcandra nA uttara bhAgomAM govardhanarAme ApaNA dharmanI ekadezI sudhAraNA karavAne badale sarvadezI karavAnA prasaMgo cItaryA che. brahmaniSTha maNilAlabhAIe pAzcAtya vidyAnA saMskAravALAne anAsthAmAMthI aTakAvI ApaNA dharma ane tattvajJAnamAM zraddhA utpanna thAya tevuM advaita mArganuM sAhitya gujarAtImAM upajAvyuM. paraMtu vyAvahArika nItidharmanuM zaithilya aTakAvavAmAM temanA prayatna sarjAze caritArtha na thayAM. advaita mArganI mastImAM caDhelAM antaHkaraNone kaMIka aMkuzamAM sthApe ane vyavahAra ane paramArtha dharmanI ekavAkyatA thAya evAM sAdhanonI yojanA karavAno prazasta prayatna vaDodaramAM zreya sAdhaka adhikArI varganA AcArya zrImasRsiMhAcArye (i.sa. 1854-1897) karyo hato. A mahApuruSonuM aihika jIvana eTaluM to AkarSaka hatuM ke temanA saMbaMdhamAM AvanAra nAnAmoTA sarva temanA siddhAntonI prItithI sAMbhaLatA ane vicAranI kasoTIe caDhAvatAM hatAM. temaNe hindu dharmanuM svarUpa vyApaka rIte samajAvyuM che, ane sAMpradAyika paddhatimAM gUMcavI nAkhyuM nathI. A kAraNathI zreyasAdhaka adhikArI varganuM dhArmika ane tattvajJAnanuM sAhitya sarvataMtrasvataMtrarUpe gujarAtImAM utpanna thayuM che. saMsArasudhAro A varganA Adya saMsthApakane ISTa hato, ane te vinA dharmazuddhi prajAjIvanamAM AvatI nathI ema teo sArI rIte kahetA hatA. paraMtu saMsArasudhAraNAnI rIti sva. mahipatarAmabhAI vagere sudhArakonI rIti karatAM judI hatI. prAcIna rItarivAjo dharma nAme pracalita che, teno ekadama uccheda karavAthI, ane tene sthAne bIjI paddhati ekadama dAkhala thavAthI prajAnuM citta avyavasthita thaI cakaDoLe caDhaze ema teo samajatA hatA. tethI, prAcIna kALanA

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tattvajJAnanA sAhityanI paristhiti ra9 yajJakAMDanA doSo dUra karavAne vedane bAju upara mukI navI bhAvanAthI dharmacakrapravartanano prakAra bhagavAna buddhe svIkAryo hato, tenA karatAM vedano yajJakAMDa hoya to te vicAramaya manuSyone arthe nathI, paNa samaju ane vivekI sAdhanasaMpanna prANIone arthe vedano yajJakAMDa che, evI zaMkarAcAryanI prAcIna vedadharmanI samuddhAranI paddhati A zreyasAdhaka vargamAM vadhAre upayogI gaNavAmAM AvI hatI. purAtana paddhatimAM doSo che, paNa te sAthe keTalAka guNo paNa che, ane te paNa tarka vaDe pArakhI zakAya che, evA nizcayane anusAra zrImakRsiMhAcAryajIe gujarAtI dhArmika ane tAttvika sAhitya racyuM hatuM. A sAhitya dhArAvAhI prakaTa karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. varSamAM be traNa vAra zreyasAdhako potAnA gurusthAne maLatA hatA, potapotAnAM niyata sAdhano sAdhavA uparAnta sarvasAmAnya dharmavyavasthA kevI hoi zake tenuM citra zrImanRsiMhAcArya potAnA graMtho dvArA ApatA hatA. temanA siddhAntasidhu, surezacaritra, bhAminIbhUSaNa, tribhuvanavijayI khagna, paMcavaradavRttAnta, vANIvilAsa, sukhArthe sadupadeza, saMbodha-pArijAtaka, vagere graMtho gujarAtImAM ApaNA hindu dharmanuM svarUpa sagumatAthI samajAve che. A uparAnta "mahAkAla "nAmanA mAsika dvArA ane "sadupadezazreNI' nAmanI graMthAvali dvArA zreyasAdhaka adhikArI varganA vidvAnoe gujarAtI tattvajJAnanuM vipula sAhitya utpanna karyuM che; ane A pracAra zrImakRsiMhAcAryajInA putra zrImad upendra bhagavAnanA adhyakSapaNA nIce haju paNa cAluM che. zreyasAdhaka varganA Adya saMsthApaka zrImakRsiMhAcAryajInA tathA temanA agragaNya anuyAyIo jevA ke brahmaniSTha zrImad choTAlAla (mAstara sAheba), jekIzanadAsa kaNiyA, nagInadAsa mahetA, maNizaMkara bhaTTa, haridatta zAstrI, vagerenA graMthothI zreyasAdhaka adhikArI varganA dharmajJAnanA sAhityamAM nIcenA viziSTa guNo dAkhala thavA pAmyA che: (1) purANa paddhitimAM mithyA phakIrI athavA tyAgane je aNaghaTatuM mAna maLatuM hatuM tene badale zuddha saMnyAsano adhikAra ghaNo UMco che, ane tevA adhikArIo ghaNA ochA che. zuddha vicAra vaDe gRhasthAzramanuM pAlana karanAra jeTalI dharmarakSA kare che teTalI tyAgI karI zakato nathI. (2) dharmajJAna ane tattvajJAna sarvadezI che ane devatAvAdamAM gUMcavI

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30 gujarAtamAM dhArmika ane nAMkhavAnI agatya nathI. devatAvAda tattvavAdanA pagathiyArUpa che, ane bhinna deza, kAla, paratve devatAnI bhAvanA badalAtAM chatAM tattvabhAvanA susthira rAkhI zakAya che. tethI dharmavirodha e mithyAjJAnanuM pariNAma che. (3) dharmajJAna ane tattvajJAnanI prApti graMthonA vAcana dvArA athavA prAcIna zravaNAdi sAdhano dvArA thAya che, tenA karatAM vadhAre sugamatAthI anubhavI gurunA pratyakSa sahavAsa ane zikSaNathI thAya che. (4) vyavahAra paramArthano virodhI nathI, paraMtu kuzalatAthI sAdhyo hoya to paramArthano sAdhaka athavA poSaka che. (5) sarva dharmo ane darzano vItarAga buddhithI samajavAmAM Ave to tenI ekavAkyatA thaI zake che. tethI amuka muddAmAM eka darzana vadhAre pramANabhUta gaNAtAM chatAM tattvanirNaya svataMtra buddhi vaDe thaI zake che. (6) samAja-sudhAraNA ISTa che, paraMtu ucchedaka nItithI nahi, paNa saMrakSaka rItithI te sAdhI zakAya che, ane prajAmatane krama vaDe UMcI kakSA upara laI javAya che. vaDodarAmAM jevo prayatna zrI nRsiMhAcAryajIe hindudharmanA zuddha rUpano prasArano karyo hato tevo prayatna muMbaImAM vedAntaupadeSTA zrI jayakRSNa vyAse ane kAThiyAvADamAM AcAryazrI nathurAma zarmAe karyo che. vedAnta zAstranuM saMskRta sAhitya gujarAtI bhASAmAM pracalita karavAnuM mAna zrI jayakRSNa vyAsa ane temanA anuyAyIone che. temanA paMcIkaraNa ane paMcadazInA bhASAntara vaDe vedAnta zAstranuM sAmAnya jJAna gujarAtImAM ApaNane maLI zake tema che. vedadharma sabhAthI prakaTa thayelA bhagavatI bhAgavata, yogavAsiSTha, zrImadbhAgavata, mahAbhArata, vagere graMthoe ApaNA dharmanuM itihAsapurANanuM sAhitya gujarAtImAM dAkhala karyuM che, ane sastA sAhityanA cAlAka bhikSu akhaMDAnaMda svAmI rAmatIrtha, akhAnI vANI, prItamanI vANI, devI bhAgavata, giradharakRta rAmAyaNa, vagere graMtho vaDe sAmAnya janone upakAraka thAya tevuM dhArmika sAhitya pUruM pADyuM che. uparanA saMgrAhaka sAhitya uparAnta zuddha vicArane uttejita kare tevuM, zrI icchArAma sUryarAmano candrakAnta, zrI govardhanarAmanA sarasvatIcaMdranA trIjA ane

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tattvajJAnanA sAhityanI paristhiti 31 cothA bhAga, rA. bA. kamaLAzaMkarabhAinuM brahmasUtra uparanuM zAMkarabhASya, AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkarabhAIno "ApaNo dharma," ane brahmasUtra uparanuM zrI rAmAnujanuM zrIbhASya, sva. uttamalAlabhAInuM tilakanuM gItArahasya, vizvanAtha sadArAma pAThakanuM nAciketA kusumaguccha vagere tattvajJAnanuM prauDha sAhitya gujarAtI bhASAmAM chellA trIsa varSamAM prakaTa thayuM che. zuddhAdvaitamatanuM sAhitya gujarAtImAM pAchalA vIsa varSathI svataMtra prakaTa thayuM che, ane temAM taTasthatAthI dharmanAM ciMtano thayAM che. gujarAta vidyApIThanA udaya pachI purAtattvamaMdiranA Azraye prakaTa thatuM jaina darzana ane bauddha darzananuM aitihAsika sAhitya gujarAtI bhASAne ghaNuM zobhA ApanAruM prakaTa thayuM che. A uparAnta jaina dharmanA mUla graMthonuM prakaTIkaraNa bhAvanagara ane muMbaimAM thavAthI tathA "tattvAkhyAna" jevA prauDha graMthanA prakAzanathI hindudharmanA anuyAyIone jaina zAsananuM sAcuM rUpa sArI rIte samajAya evI anukulatA thaI che. te uparAnta arvAcIna jaina tattvaciMtaka rAyacaMdabhAI, jemanA prati mahAtmA gAMdhIjInI pUjaya buddhi jANavAmAM che, temanA graMtho vedAnta ane darzanano samanvaya karanArA che. A uparAnta gujarAtI bhASAmAM khrista dharmanuM sAhitya lagabhaga 300 graMthonuM Gujarat Tract Book Society taraphathI Aja sudhImAM prakaTa thayuM che. A sAhitya jo ke pAdarIonA dharmaprasAraNanA prayatnathI thayuM che, to paNa paradharmonA rahasyanI tulanA karavAmAM ane bhagavAna jisasa krAIsTanA dharmanuM khrista carcathI rUDha thayelA dharmathI pRthakkaraNa karavAmAM A sAhitya ghaNuM upayogI che. gujarAtI bhASA ghaNI sarala svIkAravAmAM AvI che. A sAhitya AdarabhAvathI hiMduoe vAMcavAnI agatya che. paradharmanA svarUpane samajayA vinA dharmatattvanuM rahasya samajAtuM nathI ane te dharmanuM svarUpa te te dharmanA zuddha vicArakonA graMthothI ja jANI zakAya che. mArA jANavA pramANe muslima dharmanuM sAhitya gujarAtImAM bhASAntararUpe chUTuM chavAyuM dAkhala thavA pAmyuM che. karIma mahamada mAstaranI "islAmanI oLakha" mAM ApaNane zuddha islAmanA maMtavyo, ane hajarata mahamada pegaMbara sAheba (sala) nA pavitra Adezo gujarAtI bhASAmAM saralatAthI samajAvavAmAM AvyA che. A uparAnta mAMgaroLanI gAdIvALA

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32 gujarAtamAM dhArmika ane moTAmiyAM sAhebanA "cistIA dAvata graMthamALA" nAM nAnAM pustakomAM islAmanA dharmAcAromAM samAyelAM rahasyo samajAvavA sAro prayatna thayo che. vaLI "nUrerozana' nAmano ekalavArAvALA pIra zAha kAyamuddIna cistIno racelo graMtha vAMcavAthI musalamAnonA "valI" ane hindunA "mahAtmA" nA padamAM kevuM sAmya che, ane te pada meLavavA sAdhanomAM kevI ekavAkyatA che te darzAvavA uttama prayatna thayo che. upasaMhAra gujarAtI bhASAmAM dharmajJAna ane tattvajJAnanuM sAhitya kevuM ane keTaluM che tenuM ciMtana karyA pachI bhAvI prayatno A sAhityanI abhivRddhi karavAmAM kevA thavA joie teno vicAra karavo zeSa rahe che. dharmajJAnanuM sAhitya adyApi izvarabhaktimAM parisamApta thayuM che. AraMbhamAM dharmanuM je vyApaka rUpa batAvyuM che te sarva rUpanAM aMgapratyaMgone varNave tevuM sAhitya hajI ApaNI bhASAmAM udaya thayuM nathI. ApaNA dhArmika AcAro kevI rIte ghaDAyA che tenuM vedakALathI te Aja sudhInuM aitihAsika varNana, vizeSa dharmo kyA, varNadharmo ane Azrama dharmo kyA, kalivaje dharmo kyA dharmomAM sanAtana tattva karyuM, ane dezakAla paratve badalAtuM rUpa kayuM, varNAzramadharma bahAranI prajA sAthe pALavAnA niyamonuM smRti anusAra rUpa kevuM che, ane temAM A jamAnAmAM eTale kaliyugamAM zA kAraNathI kevA pheraphAro RSimunioe ane dharmanibaMdhanA kartAoe karyA che, vagere bAbatonuM ciMtana thavAnI jarUra che. te uparAMta vyavahAradharmanuM lakSaNa, rAjadharmanI prAcIna ane arvAcIna zreNIo, temAM thavo joi to pheraphAra, vagere paNa vicAravAnA prazno che. te uparAnta bhaktinI ane upAsanAnI mImAMsA, bhakti ane jJAnano paraspara kevA prakArano saMbaMdha che, bhajanIya ane paramezvaranA svarUpanuM ciMtana, vizvamaya ane vizvottIrNa-antaryAmI ane taTastha-izvaranI bhAvanA kevI udaya thai che, ane pazcimanI khristI dharmanI IzvarabhAvanA ane muslima dharmanI izvarabhAvanA sAthe kevI rIte maLatI Ave che ane kyA aMzamAM virodhI che tenuM tAttvika varNana kuzaLa ciMtakonA hAthe thavuM jarUrI che.

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tattvajJAnanA sAhityanI paristhiti vaLI anIzvaravAdI jaina ane bauddha darzana sAthe tIrthakara buddhakAmane lagatI bhaktino udaya kevI rIte thayo, bhaktinuM te darzanamAM sthAna kevI rIte Ave che, vagere paNa vicAraNIya viSayo che. A uparAnta paurANika dharmamAM kyA tAttvika aMzo che ane kyA arthavAda rUpe che ; tIrtha ane sthAnamAhAtmayanA graMthomAM itihAsa-bhUgoLanA satya aMzo kyA samAyelA che;purANomAM aitihAsika rAjavaMzonI mAhitI kyAM sudhI maLe che, temAM galata bhAgo kyA che, tenI pUrti purAtattvanI Aja sudhI thayelI zodhathI keTalI thaI zakI che; devaLonI racanA ane tene lagatA zilpa-zAstranA niyamo,devonI mAnuSI ane amAnuSI bhAvanAo; tatro ane Agama graMthomAM samAyelI vidyAonuM vargIkaraNa ane spaSTIkaraNa; tAtrika paddhationA prakaTa ane rahasya aMzo; zubhAgamo ane azubhAgamo; veda ane taMtrono paraspara saMbaMdha; vedAcAra ane tantrAcAranI sarakhAmaNI; tatrano jaina ane bauddha dharmamAM praveza; saMpradAyono ane paMthonA udaya kevI rIte thayo ane teno veda dharma ane taMtra dharmanI zAkhA sAthe kevo saMbaMdha che, vagere aneka viSayo upara nibaMdho racavAnI jarUra che. vaLI gujarAtanI bhUmimAM jemaNe dharmaprasAraNanuM kArya karyuM che tevA sAdhusanto ane AcAryonAM atyukti vinAnAM mAnuSI jIvanacaritro lakhavAnI agatya che. marAThI bhASAmAM AvAM caritro sArAM lakhAyAM che. sarvasAmAnya prajAnA hAthamAM A caritro sugamatAthI maLe tevI yojanA AcAryo ane dharmAdhyakSoe karavI joIe. khristI-dharmanA prasAraNanI kalAo paikI eka paNa kalA ApaNe siddha karI nathI. ApaNAM relave-sTezano ane tIrthasthAnomAM rAmacaritra, kRSNacaritra, vIracaritra, buddhacaritra, narasiMha mahetAnuM caritra, mIrAMbAIcaritra, zrI vallabhAcAryacaritra, zrI sahajAnaMdacaritra, dayAnaMdacaritra, vagere bhASAmAM lakhAyelA maLavAM joIe. tattvajJAnanuM sAhitya ApaNuM gujarAtImAM nahivat che ane je kAMI che. te ghaNe bhAge bhASAntararUpe che. brAhmaNa dharma, jaina dharma, ane bauddha dharmanI pratyeka zAkhAnAM darzanonuM aitihAsika varNana gujarAtImAM thavuM joIe. A prayatna

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34 gujarAtamAM dhArmika ane gujarAta varnAkyulara sosAyaTIe hinda tattvajJAnanA ItihAsamAM karyo che. paraMtu mAro abhiprAya evo che ke pratyeka darzanane lagatAM svataMtra nibaMdho Black wood Philosophical Series jevA lakhavA joIe. udAharaNa tarIke aitareya muni ane tenA siddhAMto; yAjJavalkaya ane teno brahmavAda; mahAvIra svAmI ane jaina darzana; gautama buddha ane bauddha darzana, mahAyAna ane hInayAnaH kaNAda ane vaizeSika; gautama ane nyAya; kapila ane sAMkhya; pataMjali ane yoga, jaimini ane karma mImAMsA; bAdarAyaNa ane brahmamImAMsA, zaMkarAcArya ane kevalAdvaitadarzana; rAmAnuja ane viziSTAdvaitadarzana; vallAbhAcArya ane zuddhAdvaitadarzana; zrIkaMTha ane zivAdvaita darzana; lakulIza ane pAzupata darzana; somAnaMda ane kAzmIra zaiva darzanazivAcAryo ane drAviDa zaiva siddhAnta; dayAnaMda svAmI ane AryasamAja; nRsiMhAcArya ane zreyasAdhaka saMsthA; ane prArthanA samAjanA siddhAnto vagere viSayo upara soso pAnAnA nibaMdho te darzanonA nipuNa vidvAnone hAthe lakhAvA joIe. gujarAtI prajA A viSayonuM mAtRbhASAmAM svataMtra ciMtana karI zake tevA sAhityanI jarUra che. tarajumiyA sAhityanI have agatya nathI. A uparAnta te te darzanomAM rasa lenArA vidvAnoe gujarAtamAM evI eka saMsthA Society UbhI karavI joIe ke jayAM dharmajJAna ane tattvajJAnanA viSayo upara carcA thAya, pAzcAtya dharmajJAnanI zreNIonA svAdhyAya karanArA pAse gujarAtImAM pravacana thAya, ApaNI dharmajJAnanI ane tattvajJAnanI zreNIo sAthe tenI sarakhAmaNI thAya, tenA upara vAda thAya; ane gujarAtImAM trimAsika A saMsthA taraphathI prakaTa thAya. gujarAtI bhASAnI yunivarsiTImAM pratiSThA thaI che eTalAthI ja ApaNe tRpta thaI besI rahevAnuM nathI. gujarAtImAM dharmajJAna ane tattvajJAnane lagatuM prauDha sAhitya ziSTa viddhAnothI utpanna thavuM joIe ane temAM A saMsthA parokSa rIte sArI madada karI zake. gujarAta varnAkyulara sosAyaTI taraphathI AvI eka zAkhAno janma thAya ane te vaDavAImAMthI navuM vRkSa janma pAme to te satvara UcharI Ave. | gujarAtImAM kozanI khAmI ghaNAM varSothI jaNAya che, ane te pUrI pADavAnA prayatno thAya che, paraMtu dharma ane tattvajJAnanI zAkhAnA pAribhASika zabdono eka

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35 tattvajJAnanA sAhityanI paristhiti svataMtra koza thAya nahi tyAM sudhI gujarAtI bhASAmAM utpanna thayelA te zAkhAnA sAhityanI samajaNa sArI rIte udaya thavI saMbhavatI nathI. brahma, avidyA, vidyA, prakRti, vikRti-ityAdi zabdo vaparAyA kare che. paraMtu tenA AvA kozanI khAsa agatya che. AzA che ke sAhitya pariSadanI dharma ane tattvajJAnanA vibhAganI vicArasaraNI samiti uparanA sUcavelA muddAo upara vicAra karI yogya nirNaya upara Avaze.'

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36 gujarAtamAM dhArmika ane * TippaNa * 1. juo dharmapramavaM yuvam adharmapramavaM TuMkam (tamila) dharmena manamUrNa gamanamadhastAd bhavatyadharmeNa / (sAMkhyakArikA) 2. tat tuSTa jJAnam (vidyA) II 22 / maduSTam (jJAna) vidyA II 22 / mArkeLa siddhadarzana dharmebhyaH / rU / (vaizeSika Tarzana - navamA adhyAyanAM sUtro) 3. dAnAvAMstu vazIkRtvA, punrbuddhtvmaagtH| sargasya rakSaNArthAya tasmai buddhAtmane namaH // zAMtiparva-rAjadharmaparva a. 46 zloka 107 4. juoH cete RSiparyuwA phevadinanupAtu . etAnbhAvAnaghIyAnA ye caiva RSayo matAH / te samajaiva gujaiH sarSaH kRtA: II (vAyupurANa) 5. akhA saMbaMdhI vizeSa mAhitI sAru juo - "akho," sva. rA. bA. kamaLAzaMkara smAraka vyAkhyAnamALA puSya 1. 6. juo "sahajAnaMdI kavionuM kAvyarahasya" rA. rA. lAlazaMkara mathurabhAI jAnIno lekha gujarAtImAM dIvALIno aMka 1912. 7. juoH- choTAlAla mAstaranI yoginIkumArI', jekasanadAsa mANayAnAM pAtaMjala yogadarzana", "brahmasUtravivaraNa', maNizaMkara bhaTTano sarvadarzana saMgraha', haridatta zAstrIno "jIvanmuktiviveka' vagere graMtho. 8. 8mI gujarAtI sAhitya parisadanA dharma ane tattvajJAna vibhAganA pramukha tarIke ApeluM vyAkhyAna tA. 10-10-1928.

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