Advanced Prakrit Grammar Part 1

Author(s): Kamalchand Sogani, Shakuntala Jain
Publisher: Apbhramsa Sahitya Academy
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/006533/1

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Advanced Präkṛta Grammar
[ Part-1]
Dr. Kamal Chand Sogani Smt. Shakuntala Jain

W
great evitat
जैनविद्या संस्थान श्री महावीरजी
Apabhramsa Sahitya Academy
Jaina Vidya Samsthāna
Digambara Jaina Atiśaya Kṣetra Śri Mahaviraji
Rajasthan

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Advanced Prākṛta Grammar
sh Translation of the Prauḍha Prākṛta Racană Saurabha] [Part - []
[Sutras Concerning Nouns, Pronouns and Numerals]
Dr. Kamal Chand Sogani Director
Smt. Shakuntala Jain

Assistant Director
Apabhraṁśa Sahitya Academy
Jaipur
दिव
ongevitat sität
जैनविद्या संस्थान श्री महावीरजी
Published by
Apabhramsa Sahitya Academy
Jaina Vidya Samsthāna
Digambara Jaina Atiśaya Kṣetra Śrī Mahāvīraji
Rajasthan

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Publisher: Apabhramsa Sahitya Academy (Jaina Vidya Saṁsthāna) Digambara Jaina Atiśaya Kșetra Śri Mahaviraji Śri Mahaviraji - 322 220 (Rajasthan)
Copies From : 1. Jaina Vidya Samsthana
Śri Mahaviraji - 322 220 (Rajasthan) Telephone : 07469-2224323 Sahitya Vikraya Kendra Digambara Jaina Nasiyāṁ Bhattārakaji Savāi Rāmasiṁha Road, Jaipur - 302 004 Tel. : 0141-2385247
All rights reserved
First Edition : 2009
Price : Rs. 700/
Computer Typesetting : Shyam Agarwal A-336, Malviya Nagar, Jaipur - 302 017 (Rajasthan) Ph. : 9887223674
Printed at: Jaipur Printers Pvt. Ltd. M.I. Road, Jaipur - 302 001 Telephone : 0141-2373822, 2362468

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Table of Contents Analysis of Sutras
Subject
Prelude
Dedication
Introduction
Lesson - 1
Section 1 (i) Declension of thirteen Nouns
(ii)
Declension of Pronouns on the pattern of Nouns
(iii) Declension of Numerals on the pattern of Nouns and Pronouns Sūtras 3/2 to 38, 41,42,43
-
Section 2 Declension of special Masculine Nouns like Piu (father), Bhau (brother), etc. and Adjectival Masculine Nouns (Agent Nouns) like Kattu (doer). Sūtras 3/39, 40, 44 to 48
Section 3 Declension of Raja and Appa Sūtras 3/49 to 55, 56, 57
Section 4 Pronominal declension not covered in the previous Sūtras
Sūtras 3/58 to 89
Section 5 Personal Pronouns
Tumha and Amha
Sūtras 3/90 to 117

Page No.

1
14
49
53
59
76

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Section - 6
-
Section 7 Cases and their interchangeability Sūtras 3/ 130 to 137
Section -8
Declension of Numerals from two to eighteen Sūtras 3/118 to 123
Section -9 Miscellaneous
Appendix - 2
Appendix - 3
Appendix - 4
Negation of certain Suffixes Sūtras 3/125 to 129
Section 10 Śauraseni Prākṛta Sūtras 4/260 to 264, 268
Appendix - 1

Reference Books
Sūtras 3/1,3/124, 1/27, 1/84, 4/448
Declensional Forms
A. Declensional Forms of Nouns
and other words
B. Declensional Forms of Pronouns C. Declensional Forms of Numerals
Ordinal Number
Rules of Combination
Summary of the Grammatical
analysis of Sutras

91
96
100
104
110
113
200
214
219
278
OOO

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Diacritical Marks
Vowels
इ
ई
उ
15
अ a
आ à
ए e
ऐ ai
ओ 0
औ au
3
Consonants
ist
در م
.
od
لكر ،
51,4
4
,
امر به
a1
امر
345
م
ه ر مه
5
o
لار -
c
لمر ه
(Anusvára)
(Visarga)
m
Advanced Praksta Grammar

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We feel great pleasure in placing this book Advanced Präkṛta Grammar' Part-I in the hands of readers. This book is an improved English translation of the first edition of the Hindi work Praudha Prākṛta Racană Saurabha' Part-1 published in 1999 by the Apabhraṁśa Sahitya Academy, Jaipur.
Prelude
It goes without saying that Prākṛta language is one of the richest Indo-Aryan languages. It is an ancient and sacred language of India.
It is of capital importance to note that Präākṛta is the language of the masses. Its vast literature in varied literary forms contributes to the dignity and excellence of the cultural heritage of Indian tradition. In consequence, the proper understanding of Prakṛta language and literature is indispensible for comprehending the development of Indian literature adequately.
Recognising the importance of Prākṛta language in the cultural history of India, the Managing Committee of the Digambara Jaina Atiśaya Kṣetra, Śri Mahāvīraji established Apabhraṁśa Sahitya Academy in 1988, which runs correspondence courses for teaching Prākṛta and Apabhraṁśa languages. The Academy has published books før the implementation of these courses. Such books as the Prākṛta Grammar and Composition (2006), the Prākṛta Exercise Book (2006) and the Präkṛta Prose and Verse Part-1 (2008) have been published for those desirous of
Advanced Pråkrta Grammar

vii

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learning the Prāksta language through an English medium. For the purpose of teaching Prāksta, our new publication Advanced Prākṣta Grammar Part-I will facilitate the learning of Prāksta for students of the English language.
We offer our thanks to the learned researchers of the Saṁsthāna (Institute), especially to Smt. Shakuntala Jain, who has assisted us in preparing the translation of this book. We would also like to thank Smt. Lynna Dhanani from the United States for taking the trouble of going through the manuscript and making important suggestions. We also offer our thanks to M/s Jaipur Printers Pvt., Ltd. for organising the publication of this book.
Naresh Kumar Sethi Prakash Chand Jain Dr. Kamal Chand Sogani President Secretary
Samyojaka Managing Committee
Jaina Vidya Samsthana Samiti Digambara Jaina Atiśaya Kșetra
Jaipur Śri Mahaviraji
3 September 2009
viii
Advanced Praksta Grammar

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Dedicated
To
Late Smt. Kamla Sogani

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Introduction
Relating to Prakrta language, the following should be understood.
Alphabets of Präkệta
31, a,
301, ā,
Vowels , & i, i,
3, u,
3, ū,
8, e,
347 o
th, ka, 21, ca, T, ţa, a, ta,
Consonants 2, , , 5 kha, ga, gha, na
, , 37 37 cha, ja, jha, ña
8, 6, &, tha, da, dha, ņa 91, a, a, 7 tha, da, dha, na
is going to go
pa, 7, ya,
pha, ba, bha, ma ? , a ra, la, va
m.
sa, ha . (Anusvāra) (Anunāsika)
ñ It may be noted here that in Prāksta the use of na and ña occurs only in conjunct form. In Hemacandra Prāksta Grammar the use of na and ña in conjunct form is traceable. The use of na is seen in conjunct and non-conjunct form. The alternative of na, ña, na in conjunct form is .
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Number :
In Prákyta language, there are only two Numbers : 1. Singular
2. Plural Gender:
In Prāksta language, there are three Genders: 1. Masculine Gender
2. Feminine Gender 3. Neuter Gender Person :
In Prākrta language, there are only three Persons : 1. First Person
2. Second Person 3. Third Person Case:
In Prakrta language, there are eight Cases : 1. Nominative Case
2. Accusative Case 3. Instrumental Case
4. Dative Case 5. Ablative Case
6. Genitive Case 7. Locative Case
8. Vocative Case Verb:
In Präkrta language, there are only two kinds of Verbs: 1. Transitive
2. Intransitive Tense :
In Prāksta language, there are five type of Tenses : 1. Present Tense
2. Past Tense 3. Future Tense
4. Imperative 5. Conditional Words :
In Prāksta language, six kinds of Words are in use : 1. a-ending
2. á- ending 3. i-ending
4. i-ending 5.u-ending
6.ů-ending
000
xii
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Lesson 1 Noun, Pronoun and Numerals
Analysis of Sutras Introduction
It is an acknowledged fact that Acārya Hemacandra wrote the Śabda Anušāsana of which one section is devoted to Prāksta Grammar. In composing the section on Prākṣta Grammar, he chose the Saṁskṛta language as the medium of exposition. In order to make intelligible the Prākṣta Grammar, the established sūtra-style of Saṁsksta Grammar was adopted. Although the Sūtras are expressed in Saṁskṛta language, it should not imply that a special knowledge of Saṁskrta is required to understand Praksta Grammar. A thoughtful analysis of the Sūtras has shown us that a basic knowledge of Saṁskṛta and Hindi or English will suffice to comprehend these Sūtras.
In Lesson 1, we shall decipher and explain the Sūtras concerning the formation of Nouns, Pronouns , Numerals, etc. used in Prāksta Grammar. In order that the Sūtras may be properly assimilated, ordinary knowledge of Vowel combination, Consonant combination and Visarga combination in Saṁskṛta is necessary.
Additionally, the symbols that represent certain suffixes should be understood. In Prāksta, there are two numbers Singular and Plural. Therefore, the Suffix-Symbols (S-S) are grouped into two columns, singular and plural, according to the cases as follows:
S-S/Singular
Si
S-S/Plural
Jas Śas Bhis
Am
Inflection Nominative Accusative Instrumental Dative Ablative Genitive Locative
Tá
Bhyas
Ne Nasi Nas
Bhyas Ām Sup
Ni
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In each of the Sūtras, the Suffix-Symbols follow the inflectional patterns of certain masculine nouns in Samskṛta. The following five points will give the various inflectional forms of Suffix-Symbols and some other words:
1 The inflection of 'si', 'nasi' and 'ni' will be according to the Masculine Noun 'Hari'. For example, the inflection of 'si' in Locative case Singular will be 'sau', in Instrumental case Singular will be 'sina'. The inflection of 'nasi' in Genitive case Singular will be ‘ñaseḥ'. In this way, the other inflections may be understood.
2 The inflection of 'am', 'jas', 'sas', 'bhis', 'bhyas', 'am' and 'sup'will be according to the consonent - ending Masculine Noun 'Bhubhṛt'. For example, the inflection of 'bhis' in Locative case Singular will be 'bhisi', the inflection of 'am' in Nominative case Singular will be ‘am' and so on. In this way, the other inflections may be understood.
3 The inflection of 'ta' will be according to the Masculine Noun 'Gopa'. For example, the inflection of 'ta' in Locative case Singular will be 'ti', Genetive case Singular will be 'taḥ', and Instrumental case Singular will be 'ta'. In this way, the other inflections may be understood.
4 The inflection of 'ut'→'u', 'ot'→'o', 'et'-'e', 'it'→‘i', and 'at'→'a', will be according to consonent - ending 'Bhubhrt'. Similarly, the word 'luk' will be inflected.
5 Other words have been used in the Sutras. For some of the words, the inflection will be according to 'Rama', whereas others to ‘Stri’, ‘Guru, ‘Matr’, ‘Rajan’, ‘Atman’, ‘Naman’, ‘Pitr, 'Karty', or 'Pums'. The inflections of the remaining words can be referenced in the declension tables provided or in an elementary Samskrta Grammar book.
2

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The language in the Sutras is always written in a concise form. In order to make clear the meaning, each sutrahas been analyzed in the following five steps:
1 Combination (sandhi
2 Inflection (vibhakti)
3 A literal translation (in italics)
4 A contextual translation
5 Examples and notes
The declensional forms of Nouns, Pronouns and Numerals in Präkṛta will be understood through a careful examination of the Sūtras. The following vowel-ending Nouns, Pronouns and Numerals illustrate the declensional forms discussed in the Sutras (other words have been made known as well):
Nouns
Masculine Nouns :
Neuter Nouns :
Feminine Nouns :
Advanced Präākṛta Grammar

(Deva, Hari, Gamani, Sahu, Sayambhu)
a-ending: Deva (God)
i-ending: Hari (Name of deity)
i-ending: Gāmaṇī (Headman of village)
u-ending: Sāhu (Saint)
u-ending: Sayambhu (Self-made person)
(Kamala, Vāri, Mahu)
a-ending: Kamala (Lotus)
i-ending: Väri (Water)
u-ending: Mahu (Honey)
(Kaha, Mai, Lacchi, Dheņu, Bahu) ȧ-ending: Kaha (Story),
i-ending: Mai (Understanding)
i-ending: Lacchi (Wealth)
u-ending: Dheņu (Cow)
ů-ending: Bahu (Daughter-in-law)

3

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Pronouns
Masculine Pronouns : (Savva, Ta, Na, Ja, Ka, Eta, Ea, Ima,
Anna, Amu) a-ending:
(Inflection according to Savva)
u-ending: Amu (This)
(Inflection according to Sahu)
Neuter Pronouns : (Savva, Ta, Na, Ja, Ka, Eta, Ea, Ima,
Anna, Amu)
In all the Genders:
Savva (All), Ta (He),
Na (He), Ja (Who),
Ka (Who), Eta (This), Ea (This)
4
Ima (This), Anna (Other)
(Inflection according to Savva) u-ending: Amu (This)
(Inflection according to Mahu)
Feminine Pronouns: (Savvā, Tā, Ti, Jā, Ji, Kā, Ki, Etā, Ea,
Ima, Anna, Amu)
a-ending: Savva (All), Tā (That) Ja (Which), Ka (Who), Eta (This), Eȧ (This), Imã (This), Anna (Other) (Inflection according to Savvȧ) i-ending: Ti (She), Ji (Which), Ki (Who), Ei (This), Imi (This) u-ending: Amu (This) (Inflection according to Dheņu) Amha (I), Tumha(You)

a-ending: Savva (All), Ta (That), Na (That), Ja (Which), Ka (Who), Eta (This), Ea (This) Ima (This), Anna (Other)

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Numerals Masculine Numeral : (Ékka. Ea, Ega, Ikka)
a-ending: Ekka (One), Ea (One), Ega (One), Ikka (One) (Inflection according to Savva) In Singular, the meaning is one. In Plural, the meaning is some or certain
ones. Neuter Numeral : (Ekka. Ea, Ega, Ikka)
a-ending : Ekka (One), Ea (One), Ega (One), Ikka (One)
(Inflection according to Savva) Feminine Numeral: (Ekkä, Ikka)
å-ending: Ekka (One), Ikkā(One)
(Inflection according to Savva) In all the Genders: (Saya , Visa, Satthi, Du, Do, Ti, Cau, Pañca)
Saya (Hundred) (Inflection according to Kamala) (Neuter) Visä (Twenty) (Inflection according to Kahā) (Feminine) Satthi (Sixty) (Inflection according to Mai) (Feminine) Du (Two) Do (Two) Ti (Three) Cau (Four) Pañca (Five)
Kai (How much or How many) As the inflection of Suffix-Symbols and other words in the Sutras follow the declensional forms of Saṁskṛta, the declension tables of some of these Saṁskṛta Nouns have been given in the following pages. Finally, a list of abbreviations used in the Sutras is also provided.
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1. Hari (Name of a deity)
Singular Number
Dual Number
Plural Number
Nominative Harih Accusative Harim Instrumental Harina Dative Haraye Ablative Hareh Genitive Hareh Locative
Harau Vocative He Hare
Hari Hari Haribhyām Haribhyām Haribhyām Haryoḥ Haryoḥ He Hari
Harayaḥ Harin Haribhiḥ Haribhyaḥ Haribhyaḥ Harinam Harişu He Harayaḥ
2. Bhubhrt (King)
Singular Number
Dual Number
Plural Number
Nominative Bhūbhrt Bhūbhịtau Accusative Bhubhtam Bhubhytau . Instrumental Bhubhrtā Bhubhrdbhyam Dative Bhūbhrte Bhūbhỉdbhyam Ablative Bhūbhịtaḥ Bhūbhỉdbhyam Genitive Bhūbhrtaḥ Bhübhịtoḥ Locative Bhubhști Bhūbhṛtoh Vocative He Bhübhrt He Bhūbhrtau
Bhūbhịtaḥ Bhūbhrtah Bhubhrdbhiḥ Bhūbhỉdbhyah Bhūbhrdbhyaḥ Bhūbhịtām Bhūbhịtsu He Bhūbhịtah
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3. Gopa (Milkman)
Plural
Singular Number
Dual Number
Number
Nominative Gopāḥ Gopau Accusative Gopām Gopau Instrumental Gopā Gopābhyām Dative
Gope Gopābhyām Ablative
Gopābhyām Genitive Gopah Gopoh Locative Gopi Gopoh Vocative He Gopāḥ He Gopau
Gopāḥ Gopaḥ Gopābhiḥ Gopābhyaḥ Gopābhyaḥ Gopām Gopāsu He Gopāḥ
4. Rāma (Rama)
Dual
Singular Number
Plural Number
Number
Nominative Rāmaḥ Accusative Rāmam Instrumental Rāmena Dative Rámāya Ablative Rāmāt Genitive Rāmasya Locative Rāme Vocative He Rama
Rāmau Rāmau Rāmābhyam Rāmābhyām Rāmābhyām Rāmayoḥ Rāmayoh He Rāmau
Rāmāḥ Rāmān Rāmaiḥ Rāmebhyaḥ Rāmebhyaḥ Rāmānám Rāmesu He Rāmāḥ
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8
5. Stri (Woman)
Nominative Stri
Accusative
Instrumental Striya
Dative
Ablative
Genitive
Locative
Vocative
6. Guru (Guru)
Singular
Number
Dative
Ablative
Genitive
Locative
Vocative

Striyam, Strim
Striyai
Striyāḥ
Striyāḥ
Striyām
He Stri
Nominative Guruh
Accusative Gurum
Instrumental Guruņā
Gurave
Guroḥ
Guroḥ
Gurau
He Guro
Singular
Number
Dual
Number
Striyau
Striyau
Stribhyām
Stribhyām
Stribhyām
Striyoḥ
Striyoḥ
He Striyau
Dual
Number
Gurü
Gurü
Gurubhyām
Gurubhyām
Gurubhyām
Gurvoḥ
Gurvoḥ
He Gurú

Plural
Number
Striyaḥ
Striyaḥ,Striḥ
Stribhiḥ
Strībhyaḥ
Stribhyaḥ
Striņām
Strişu
He Striyaḥ
Plural
Number
Guravaḥ
Gurün
Gurubhiḥ
Gurubhyaḥ
Gurubhyaḥ
Gurūnām
Guruşu
He Guravaḥ
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7. MätŢ (Mother)
Singular Number
Dual Number
Plural Number
Nominative Mata Accusative Mātaram Instrumental Mátrā Dative
Matre Ablative Mātuḥ Genitive Mātuḥ Locative Mātari Vocative He Matah
Matarau Mātarau Mātņbhyām Mātņbhyām Mātņbhyām Mátroh Mātroh He Matarau
Mätaraḥ Mātạrh Mātņbhiḥ Mātņbhyaḥ Mātņbhyaḥ Mātrrnām Matsu He Mātaraḥ
8. Rajan (King)
Singular Number
Dual Number
Plural Number
Nominative Rājā Rājānau Accusative Rājānam Rājānau Instrumental Rājñā Rājabhyām Dative
Rajñe Rājabhyam Ablative Rājñaḥ Rājabhyām Genitive Rājñaḥ Rājñoḥ Locative Rājñi, Rājani Rājñoḥ Vocative He Rājan He Rājānau
Rājānaḥ Rājñaḥ Rājabhiḥ Rajabhyaḥ Rajabhyaḥ Rājñām Rājasu He Rājānaḥ
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9. Atman (Soul)
Plural Number
Singular
Number Nominative Atmā Accusative Atmānam Instrumental Atmana Dative Atmane Ablative Atmanah Genitive Ātmanaḥ Locative Atmani Vocative He Atman
Dual Number Atmānau Atmānau Atmabhyām Atmabhyām Atmabhyām Atmanoḥ Atmanoh He Atmanau
Atmānaḥ Ātmanaḥ Atmabhih Atmabhyaḥ Ātmabhyaḥ Ātmanām Atmaşu He Atmānaḥ
10. Náman (Name)
Singular Number
Dual Number
Plural Number
Nominative Nāma Nāmni, Nāmani Nāmāni Accusative Nama Nāmni, Nāmani Nāmāni Instrumental Namna Nāmabhyam Nāmabhiḥ Dative Nämne Nāmabhyām Nāmabhyaḥ Ablative Nāmnaḥ Nāmabhyām Nāmabhyaḥ Genitive Nāmnaḥ Nămnoh Nämnām Locative Nämni, Namani Nămnoh Nāmasu Vocative He Nama, Năman He Nämni, Nāmani He Nämäni
10
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11. Pitt (Father)
Singular Number
Dual Number
Plural Number
Pitarau
Pitarau
Nominative Pita Accusative Pitaram Instrumental Pitră Dative Pitre Ablative Pituḥ Genitive Pituḥ Locative Pitari Vocative He Pitah
Pitặbhyām Pitbhyām Pitbhyām Pitroḥ Pitroh He Pitarau
Pitaraḥ Pitn Pitbhiḥ Pitbhyaḥ Pit;bhyaḥ Pityrņām Pitrsu He Pitarah
12. Kartě (Doer)
Singular Number
Dual Number
Plural Number
Nominative Karta Accusative Kartāram Instrumental Kartrā Dative Kartre Ablative Kartuḥ Genitive Kartuḥ Locative
Kartari Vocative He Kartah
Kartārau Kartarau Kartņbhyām Kartřbhyām Kart;bhyām Kartroh Kartroḥ He Kartārau
Kartāraḥ Kartěn Kartrbhiḥ Kart;bhyaḥ Kartsbhyaḥ Kartyrņām Kartysu He Kartāraḥ
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13. Pums (Human being)
Singular Number
Dual Number
Plural Number
Nominative Pumãn Pumāṁsau Pumāṁsaḥ, Accusative Pumāṁsam Pumāṁsau Pussah Instrumental Pussă Puṁbhyām Pumbhiḥ Dative
Purse Puṁbhyam Pumbhyaḥ Ablative Puṁsaḥ Pumbhyām Pumbhyaḥ Genitive Pussaḥ Pussoḥ Puṁsām Locative Pursi Pussoh
Pumşu Vocative He Puman He Pumamsau He Pumaṁsah
12
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Abbreviations and method of Grammatical analysis A = Indeclinable
indicates the original word • [0) + ( ) + (.....) indicates the joining together of words •[(- ( ) - (.....) indicates the compounding of words • Where only Numbers 1/1, 2/1, etc. are written outside brackets, the word inside the bracket indicates the Noun.
1/1 Nominative Case / Singular Number 1/2 Nominative Case / Dual Number 1/3 Nominative Case / Plural Number 2/1 Accusative Case / Singular Number 2/2 Accusative Case / Dual Number 2/3 Accusative Case / Plural Number 3/1 Instrumental Case / Singular Number 3/2 Instrumental Case / Dual Number 3/3 Instrumental Case/Plural Number 4/1 Dative Case / Singular Number 4/2 Dative Case / Dual Number 4/3 Dative Case / Plural Number 5/1 Ablative Case / Singular Number 5/2 Ablative Case / Dual Number 5/3 Ablative Case / Plural Number 6/1 Genitive Case / Singular Number 6/2 Genitive Case / Dual Number 6/3 Genitive Case / Plural Number 7/1 Locative Case / Singular Number 7/2 Locative Case / Dual Number 7/3 Locative Case / Plural Number 8/1 Vocative Case / Singular Number 872 Vocative Case / Dual Number 8/3 Vocative Case / Plural Number
Advanced Prákyta Grammar
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14
(i)
(ii)
(iii)

Section - 1
Sūtras for knowing the following:
Declension of Thirteen Nouns Declension of Pronouns on the pattern of Nouns
Declension of Numerals on the pattern of Nouns and Pronouns.
Sūtras 3/2 to 38,41,42,43

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Noun
-
Pronoun- Numeral Words - Sūtra
1. Ataḥ Serdoḥ
Ataḥ Serdoḥ [(Seḥ)+(Doḥ)]
Ataḥ (At) 5/1 Seḥ (Si) 6/1 Doḥ (Do) 1/1
After at there occurs do →o in place of 'si'.
After a-ending Masculine words there occurs 'o' in place of
'si' (suffix of Nominative Singular).
(1) (i) Noun: Deva (Mas.): (Deva+ si)= (Deva+ 0) = Devo (Nominative Singular)
(ii) Pronoun: Savvo, Jo, Ko, Imo, Anno
(iii) Numeral : Ekko, Ikko
2. Vaitattadaḥ
3/2
3/3
Vaitattadaḥ [(Va)+(Etat)+(Tadaḥ)]
Vă = alternatively [(Etat) - (Tadaḥ
Tataḥ) 5/1]
Alternatively, there occurs 'o'in place of 'si' after etat→ eta
and tad tat→ta.
(Nominative Singular) (Nominative Singular)
Alternatively, there occurs o' in place of 'si' (suffix of
Nominative Singular) after eta and ta.
(1) (i)Eta (Mas.): (Eta+ si) = (Eta+ o)
(ii) Ta (Mas.): (Ta+ si) = (Ta+ o)
By applying Sutra 3/86, Ta becomes Sa.
(1) (i) Eta (Mas.): (Etat-Eta+si) = (Esa+ 0) = Eso
Advanced Prākṛta Grammar

(ii) Ta (Mas.): (Tat-Ta) = (Sa+ si) = (Sa+ 0) = So (Nominative Singular) Alternatively, by applying Sutra 3/85, there occur Esa, Inaṁ and Iṇamo. (Nominative Singular) Hemacandra's commentary says that 'sa' also occurs.
(Nominative Singular)

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3. Jas- Śasorluk 3/4
Jas- Śasorluk [(Śasoh)+(luk)] [(Jas)- (sas) 6/2) Luk (Luk) 1/1 There occurs lopa (luk) → zero in place of 'jas' and 'sas'. On having 'jas' and 'śas' after a-ending Masculine words, there is zero in place of 'jas' (suffix of Nominative Plural) and 'sas' (suffix of Accusative Plural). (1) Deva (Mas.): (Deva+ jas) = (Deva+ zero)
(Deva+ śas) = (Deva+ zero)
---
---
----
----
--
By applying Sūtra 3/12, there occurs: (1) (i) Noun: Deva (Mas.) = (Deva+ jas) = (Deva+ zero) =
Deva (Nominative Plural) By applying Sūtra 3/58, there occur: (ii) Pronoun: Savve, Te, Je, Ke, Ime, Ete, Ee, Anne
(Nominative Plural) (iii) Numeral: Ekke, Ikke, etc. (Nominative Plural) By applying Sūtra 3/12, there occur: (2) (i) Noun: Deva (Mas.): (Deva+ śas) = (Deva+ zero) =
Devā (Accusative Plural) (ii) Pronoun: Savva, Tā, Jā, Ka, Imă, Eă, Eta, Anna
(Accusative Plural) (iii) Numeral: Ekka, Ikka
(Accusative Plural) By applying Sūtra 3/14, there occur: (3) (i) Noun : Deva (Mas.): (Deva+ śas) = (Deva+ zero) =
Deve (Accusative Plural) (ii) Pronoun: Savve, Te, Je, Ke, Ime, Ee, Ete, Anne
(Accusative Plural) (iii) Numeral: Ekke, Ikke (Accusative Plural)
ACCUS
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4.
AmoSsya 3/5 AmoSsya [(Amaḥ)+(Asya)] Amaḥ (Am) 6/1 Asya (A) 6/1 The 'a'of'am' is dropped. The ‘a' of 'am' is dropped (lopa) and 'm' remains.
Monusváraḥ 1/23 [(Maḥ)+(Anusvārah)] Maḥ (M) 6/1 Anusvāraḥ (Anusvára) 1/1 There occurs ( - ) in place of 'm'. After a-ending Masculine words, there occurs ( - ) in place of the remaining 'm' after dropping the 'a' of 'am' (suffix of Accusative Singular). (1) (i) Noun : Deva (Mas.): (Deva+ am) = (Deva+ m) =
(Deva+ - ) - Devam (Accusative Singular) (ii) Pronoun: Savvaṁ, Tam, Jam, Kam, Etam, Eam,
Imam, Annaṁ (Accusative Singular) (iii) Numeral : Ekkar, Ikkam (Accusative Singular)
5. Ța-Amorņaḥ 3/6
ȚĂ-Amorņaḥ [(Amoh)+(Naḥ)] [(Tā)-(Am) 6/2) Naḥ (Na) 1/1 There occurs ‘pa' in place of ta'and 'am'. After a-ending Masculine words, there occurs ‘ņa' in place of *ță' (suffix of Instrumental Singular) and 'am' (suffix of Genitive Plural). (1) Deva (Mas.): (Deva+ tā) = (Deva+ na)
(Deva+ām) = (Deva+ ņa)
By applying Sutra 3/14, there occur: (1) (i) Noun: Deveņa
(Instrumental Singular) (ii) Pronoun: Savveņa, Teņa, Jeņa, Keņa, Eeņa,
Eteņa, Imeņa, Anneņa (Instrumental Singular)
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6.
18
(iii) Numeral: Ekkeṇa, Ikkeṇa (Instrumental Singular)
By applying Sutra 1/27, there occur:
(2) (i) Noun: Deveṇam
(Instrumental Singular) (ii) Pronoun: Savveṇam, Teņam, Jeņam, Keņaṁ, Eeņam, Eteṇaṁ, Imeņaṁ, Anneṇaṁ (Instrumental Singular)
(Instrumental Singular)
(iii) Numeral: Ekkeṇaṁ, Ikkeṇaṁ
By applying Sutra 3/69, there occur: (3) (i) Pronoun: Tiņā, Jiņā, Kiņā, Eiņā, Imiņā
(Instrumental Singular)
By applying Sutra 3/12, there occur: (4) (i) Noun: Devȧņa
(Genitive Plural) (ii) Pronoun: Savvaṇa, Tāņa, Jāņa, Kāṇa, Eāņa, Etāṇa, Imāņa, Annāņa (Genitive Plural) (iii) Numeral Ekkaņa, Ikkāņa (Genitive Plural) By applying Sutra 1/27, there occur:
(5) (i) Noun: Devāṇam
(Genitive Plural) (ii) Pronoun: Savvāṇaṁ, Tāņaṁ, Jāņaṁ, Kāņaṁ, Eāņam, Etāņaṁ, Imāņaṁ, Annāṇaṁ (Genitive Plural)
(iii) Numeral : Ekkāṇaṁ, Ikkāṇaṁ (Genitive Plural) For additional Declensions of a-ending Masculine Pronouns in Genitive Plural, refer to Sutras 3/61,3/62 and 3/81.
Bhiso Hi Him Him 3/7
Bhiso Hi Him Him [(Bhisaḥ)+(Hi)-(Him) -(Him)] Bhisaḥ (Bhis) 6/1 Hi (Hi) 1/1 Him (Him) 1/1 Him (Him) 1/1
There occur 'hi’, ‘him” and ‘him' in place of ‘bhis'. After a-ending Masculine words, there occur 'hi', 'him' and 'him' in place of 'bhis' (suffix of Instrumental Plural).

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7.
(1) Deva (Mas.): (Deva+ bhis) = (Deva+ hi, him, him)
By applying Sutra 3/15, there occur:
(1) (i) Noun: Devehi, Devehim, Devehim
(Instrumental Plural)
(ii) Pronoun: Savvehi, Tehi, Jehi, Kehi, Etehi, Eehi, Imehi, Annehi, etc. (Instrumental Plural) (iii) Numeral : Ekkehi, Ikkehi, etc. (Instrumental Plural)
Nases Tto-Do-Du-Hi-Hinto-Lukaḥ Nases Tto-Do-Du-Hi-Hinto-Lukaḥ [(Naseḥ)+(Tto)-(Do)-(Du) - (Hi)-(Hinto)-(Lukaḥ)]
Naseḥ (Nasi)6/1[(Tto)-(Do)-(Du)-(Hi)-(Hinto)-(Luk) 1/3] There occur tto, doo, du→u, hi, hinto and zero in place of 'nasi'.
After a-ending Masculine words, there occur tto, o, u, hi, hinto and zero in place of 'nasi' (suffix of Ablative Singular). (1) Deva (Mas.): (Deva+ Nasi) = (Deva+ tto, o, u, hi, hinto and zero)
By applying Sutra 3/12,3/82 and 1/84, there occur: (1) (i) Noun: Devatto, Devão, Devau, Devāhi,
Devähinto and Devä
(Ablative Singular)
(ii) Pronoun: Savvatto, Savvão, Tatto, Jatto, Katto, Etto, Imatto, Annatto, etc. (Ablative Singular)
(iii) Numeral : Ekkatto, Ikkatto, etc. (Ablative Singular) For additional Declensions of a - ending Masculine Pronouns in Ablative Singular, refer to Sūtras 3/66,3/67, 3/68 and 3/83.
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3/8

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8. Bhyasas Tto Do Du Hi Hinto Sunto
3/9
Bhyasas Tto Do Du Hi Hinto Sunto [(Bhyasaḥ)+(Tto)] Do Du Hi Hinto Sunto
Bhyasah (Bhyas) 6/1 Tto (Tto) 1/1 Do (Do) 1/1 Du (Du) 1/1 Hi (Hi) 1/1 Hinto (Hinto) 1/1 Sunto (Sunto) 1/1 There occur tto, doo, du→u, hi, hinto and sunto in place of 'bhyas'.
After a-ending Masculine words, there occur tto, o, u, hi, hinto and sunto in place of 'bhyas' (suffix of Ablative Plural). (1) Deva (Mas.): (Deva+ bhyas) = (Deva+ tto, o, u, hi, hinto,
sunto)
20
By applying Sutra 3/12,3/13, 3/15 and 1/84, there occur: (1) (i) Noun: Devatto, Devão, Devau, Devȧhi,
Devähinto, Devasunto, Devehi,
Devehinto, Devesunto (Ablative Plural)
(ii) Pronoun: Savvatto, Savvão, Tatto, Jatto, Katto, Etatto, Imatto, Annatto etc.
(Ablative Plural)
(iii) Numeral : Ekkatto, Ikkatto etc. (Ablative Plural)
9. Nasaḥ Ssaḥ
3/10 Nasaḥ (Nas) 6/1 Ssaḥ (Ssa) 1/1
There occurs 'ssa' in place of 'nas'.
After a-ending Masculine words, there occurs ssa in place of nas (suffix of Genitive Singular).
(1) (i) Noun: Deva (Mas.): (Deva+ nas) = (Deva+ ssa) = (Genitive Singular)
Devassa
(ii) Pronoun: Savvassa, Tassa, Jassa, Kassa, Etassa, Imassa, Annassa (Genitive Singular) (iii) Numeral : Ekkassa, Ikkassa (Genitive Singular) For additional Declensions of a - ending Masculine Pronouns in Genitive Singular, refer to Sutras 3/63, 3/74 and 3/81.

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10. De Mmi Neḥ 3/11
De (De) 1/1 Mmi (Mmi) 1/1 Neh (Ni) 6/1 There occur de → eand mmi in place of 'ni'. After a-ending Masculine words, there occur‘e’and ‘mmi' in place of ni (suffix of Locative Singular). Noun: Deva (Mas.): (Deva+ ni) = (Deva+ e, mmi) - Deve,
Devammi (Locative Singular)
----
---
---
--
----
-
---
-
---
--
--
---
--
--
--
---
--
--
--
---
By applying Sūtra 3/59,3/60, there occur: (1) (i) Pronoun: Savvammi, Savvahim, Jammi, Kammi,
Etammi, Imammi, Annammi,etc. (Locative Singular) (ii) Numeral : Ekkammi, Ikkammi, etc.
(Locative Singular) For additional Declensions of a - ending Masculine Pronouns in Locative Singular, refer to Sūtras 3/65, 3/74, 3/75, 3/76, 3/83 and 3/84.
11. Jas-Gas-Nasi-Tto-Do-Dvámi Dirghaḥ 3/12
Jas-Śas-Nasi-Tto-Do-[(Du) + (Ami)] Dirghaḥ [(Jas)-(Śas)-(Nasi)-(Tto)-(Do)-(Du)-(Ām) 7/1] Dirghaḥ (Dirgha) 1/1 On having jas, śas, nasi and tto, doo, duu and am, a long vowel takes place after a-ending Masculine words. On having 'jas' (Nominative Plural), “sas' (suffix of Accusative Plural), ‘nasi' (suffix of Ablative Singular) and tto, o and u (suffixes of Ablative Plural) and ám ( suffix of Genitive Plural) a long vowel takes place after a-ending Masculine words. Deva (Mas.) : (Deva+ jas), jas - zero 3/4
(Deva+ jas)=(Deva+ zero)-Deva (Nominative Plural) (Deva+ sas), śas - zero 3/4 (Deva+ śas)-(Deva+ zero)-Devå (Accusative Plural) (Deva+ nasi), nasi = tto, o, u, hi, hinto, zero 3/8
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22
[A conjunct vowel becomes short if it comes after a long vowel. (Hṛasvaḥ Samyoge 1/84).]
(1) (i) Noun: Deva (Mas.): (Deva+ nasi) = (Deva+ tto) = Devȧtto → Devatto (Ablative Singular) (ii) Pronoun: Savvatto, Tatto, Jatto, Katto, Etatto, Imatto, Annatto. (Ablative Singular)
(iii) Numeral : Ekkatto, Ikkatto etc. (Ablative Singular) (2) (i) Noun: Deva (Mas.): (Deva+ nasi) = (Deva+ 0) = (Ablative Singular)
Devȧo
(ii) Pronoun: Savvão, Tão, Jão, Kão, Etão, Imão,
Annão.
(iii) Numeral : Ekkão, Ikkão etc.
In the same way;
(3) (i) Noun: Devau, Devähi, Devähinto, Devȧ
(Ablative Singular) (Ablative Singular)
(Ablative Singular)
(ii) Pronoun:
(a) Savvău, Tâu, Jāu, Kāu, Etău, Imāu, Annāu, (b) Savvähi, Tāhi, Jāhi, Kāhi, Etāhi, Imāhi, Annāhi, (c) Savvähinto,Tāhinto,Jāhinto,Kähinto,Etāhinto,
Imähinto, Annȧhinto
(d) Savva, Tâ, Jā, Kā, Etā, Imā, Annā
(Ablative Singular)
(iii) Numeral : Ekkāu, Ikkāu,,Ekkähi, Ikkāhi, Ekkähinto, Ikkāhinto, Ekkā, Ikkā. (Ablative Singular)
(Deva+ tto, do, du) = [(Deva+Partial Bhyas)] Partial Bhyas tto, doo, du→→→ u

By applying Sutra 1/84, there occur:
(4) (i) Noun: Deva (Mas.): (Deva+ Partial Bhyas) = (Deva+
tto) = Devätto → Devatto
(Ablative Plural)
(ii) Pronoun: Savvatto, Tatto, Jatto, Katto,
=

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(iii) Numeral : Ekkatto, Ikkatto
In the same way;
(5) (i) Noun: Devão, Devau
(Ablative Plural)
(ii) Pronoun: (a) Savvão, Tão, Jão, Kão, Etão, Imão,
Annão
(Ablative Plural)
Etatto, Imatto, Annatto (Ablative Plural)
(Ablative Plural)
(b) Savvåu, Tàu, Jâu, Kâu, Etâu, Imàu,
Annau
(Ablative Plural)
(iii) Numeral: Ekkão, Ikkão, Ekkāu, Ikkȧu
12. Bhyasi Vå
By applying Sutra 3/6, there occurs: (Deva+ âm), ăm = na
-
(6) (i) Noun: Deva (Mas.): (Deva+ âm) = (Deva+ ṇa) = (Deva+ ṇa) = Devāṇa (Genitive Plural)
(ii) Pronoun: Savvāṇa, Tāņa, Jāņa, Kāņa, Etāṇa,
Imāṇa, Annāņa
(iii) Numeral : Ekkāṇa, Ikkāṇa
Advanced Präkṛta Grammar
(Ablative Plural)
3/13
Bhyasi (Bhyas) 7/1 Va = alternatively
Alternatively, on having bhyas, a long vowel occurs. Alternatively, on having (remaining) 'bhyas' (suffix of Ablative Plural), a long vowel occurs after a-ending Masculine words. Deva (Mas.): [Deva+ (remaining) bhyas] = (Deva+ hi, hinto, sunto) =
(1) (i) Noun: Devähi, Devähinto, Devȧsunto

(Ablative Plural) (ii) Pronoun: Savvähi, Tähi, Jahi, Kahi, Etähi, Imahi, Annähi etc. (Ablative Plural)
(iii) Numeral : Ekkähi, Ikkahi etc.
(Ablative Plural)
(Genitive Plural) (Genitive Plural)

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13. Tāṇa- Śasyet Taṇa- Śasyet [(Śasi)+(Et)]
24
[ (Ţă)-(Na)-(Śas) 7/1] Et (Et) 1/1
3/14
On having na in place of ță and on having sas, the ending vowel et→e occurs.
p
On having na in place of ță (suffix of Instrumental Singular) and on having sas (suffix of Accusative Plural) the ending vowel 'e' occurs after a-ending Masculine words.
=
(1) (i) Noun: Deva (Mas.): (Deva+ tā) = (Deva+ na) (Deve+ na) Deveņa (Instrumental Singular) (ii) Pronoun: Savveṇa, Teņa, Jeņa, Keņa, Eteṇa, Imeņa, Anneņa (Instrumental Singular)
(iii) Numeral: Ekkeṇa, Ikkeṇa, etc.
(Deva+sas), śas = zero 3/4
(2) (i) Noun: Deva (Mas.): (Deva+sas) = (Deva+ zero) = (Deve+ zero) Deve (Accusative Plural)
14. Bhisbhyassupi
By applying Sutra 3/58, there occur:
(ii) Pronoun: Savve,Te, Je, Ke, Ete, Ime, Anne
(iii) Numeral : Ekke, Ikke
(Instrumental Singular)
3/15

Bhisbhyassupi [(Bhis)+(Bhyas)+(Supi)]
(Accusative Plural) (Accusative Plural)
[(Bhis)-(Bhyas)-(Sup) 7/1]
On having 'bhis', 'bhyas', and 'sup', the vowel e occurs (3/14).
On having 'bhis' (suffix of Instrumental Plural), 'bhyas', (suffix of Ablative Plural) and 'sup' su (suffix of Locative Plural), 'e' occurs after a-ending Masculine words.
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By applying Sūtra 3/7, there occur: Deva (Mas.): (Deva+ bhis), bhis - hi, hiñ, him (Deva+ bhis) = (Deva+ hi, his, him) = (Deve+ hi, his, him) (1) (i) Noun : Devehi, Devehiń, Devehim
(Instrumental Plural) (ii) Pronoun: Savvehi, Tehi, Jehi, Kehi, Etehi, Imehi,
Annehi etc. (Instrumental Plural) (iii) Numeral : Ekkehi, Ikkehi etc. (Instrumental Plural) By applying Sūtra 3/13, there occur: (Deva+bhyas), bhyas - hi, hinto, sunto (Deva+bhyas) = (Deva+ hi, hinto, sunto) = (Deve+ hi, hinto,
sunto) (2) (i) Noun: Devehi, Devehinto, Devesunto
(Ablative Plural) (ii) Pronoun: Savvehi, Tehi, Jehi, Kehi, Etehi, Imehi, Annehi etc.
(Ablative Plural) (iii) Numeral : Ekkehi, Ikkehi etc. (Ablative Plural)
(Deva+ sup), sup → su (3) (i) Noun : Deva (Mas.) - (Deva+ sup) = (Deva+ su) =
(Deve+ su) = Devesu (Locative Plural) (ii) Pronoun: Savvesu, Tesu, Jesu, Kesu, Etesu,
Imesu, Annesu (Locative Plural) (iii) Numeral : Ekkesu, Ikkesu (Locative Plural)
15. Iduto Dirghaḥ 3/16
Iduto Dirghaḥ ((It) + (Utah) + (Dirghaḥ)] [(It) - (Ut) 6/1] Dirghaḥ (Dirgha) 1/1 There occurs a long vowel in place of short i-ending and short u-ending words. On having 'bhis' ( suffix of Instrumental Plural), 'bhyas', (suffix of Ablative Plural) and 'sup' (suffix of Locative Plural) after Masculine, Feminine and Neuter words, there occurs a
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26
long vowel in place of short i- ending and short u- ending words. (and a long vowel remains long.)
By applying Sutra 3/7, 3/124, there occur:
(1) (i) Noun: Hari (Mas.) - (Hari + bhis), bhishi, him, him (Hari + bhis) = (Hari + hi, him, him) Harihi, Harihim, Harihim (Instrumental Plural)
(ii) Vāri (Neu.): Värihi, Värihim, Varihim
(Instrumental Plural)
(iii) Mai (Fem.): Maihi, Maihim, Maihim
(Instrumental Plural)
(iv) Numeral Saṭṭhii, Saṭṭhiim, Saṭṭhiim
(Instrumental Plural) (v) Noun: Sahu (Mas.):(Sāhu + bhis) = (Sahu + hi, him, him) Sähūhi, Sähühiṁ, Sähūhim (Instrumental Plural) (vi) Pronoun: Amu (Mas.) Amūhi, Amūhim, Amühiṁ (Instrumental Plural) (vii) Noun: Mahu (Neu.) : Mahūhi, Mahūhiṁ, Mahuhim (Instrumental Plural)
(viii) Pronoun: Amu (Neu.): Amühi, Amühiṁ, Amuhim (Instrumental Plural)

(ix) Noun: Dheņu (Fem.): Dheṇuhi, Dheņūhim, Dheṇuhim (Instrumental Plural) (x) Pronoun: Amu (Fem.): Amūhi, Amūhim, Amuhim (Instrumental Plural) (2) (i) Noun: Hari (Mas.): (Hari + bhyas), bhyas = tto, o, u, hinto and sunto but 'hi' is negated 3/124, 3/9, 3/127, (Hari + bhyas) = (Hari + tto, o, u, hinto, sunto) = Haritto → Haritto (1/84), Hario, Hariu, Harihinto, Harisunto (Ablative Plural) (ii) Vari (Neu.): Väritto→→ Vāritto (1/84), Vario, Väriu, Värihinto, Värisunto (Ablative Plura
By applying Sutra 3/124, 3/9 and 3/127, there occur:
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(iii) Noun : Mai (Fem.): Maitto → Maitto (1/84),
Maio, Maiu, Maihinto, Maisunto (Ablative Plural) (iv) Numeral : Saţthitto, Saţthio, Saţthiu,
Saţthihinto, Saţthisunto (Ablative Plural) (u) Noun: Sāhu (Mas.) : Sāhūtto → Sähutto (1/84) Sähuo, Sähuu, Sähühinto, Sähúsunto
(Ablative Plural) (vi) Pronoun: Amu (Mas.) Amutto, Amūo, Amuu, Amühinto, Amūsunto
(Ablative Plural) (vii) Noun : Mahu (Neu.): Mahutto, Mahuo, Mahuu,
Mahühinto, Mahúsunto (Ablative Plural) (viii) Pronoun: Amu (Neu.): Amutto, Amūo, Amūu,
Amühinto, Amúsunto (Ablative Plural) (ix) Noun : Dhenu ( Fem.): Dhenutto, Dheņuo,
Dheņūu, Dheņühinto, Dheņusunto (Ablative Plural) (x) Pronoun: Amu (Fem.): Amutto, Amuo, Amūu,
Amühinto, Amūsunto (Ablative Plural) By applying Sūtra 3/15, 3/124 there occur: (3) (i) Noun: Hari (Mas.): (Hari + sup), sup su (Hari + su) - Harisu
(Locative Plural) (ii) Väri (Neu.): Värisu (Locative Plural) (iii) Noun: Mai (Fem.) Maisu (Locative Plural) (iv) Numeral : Saţthisu
(Locative Plural) (v) Noun: Sahu (Mas.): Sähusu (Locative Plural) (vi) Pronoun: Amu (Mas.): Amūsu (Locative Plural) (vii) Noun : Mahu (Neu.): Mahusu (Locative Plural) (viii) Pronoun: Amu (Neu.): Amusu (Locative Plural) (ix) Noun: Dheņu ( Fem.): Dheņusu (Locative Plural)
(x) Pronoun: Amu (Fem.): Amūsu (Locative Plural) The declension of Noun : Gamaņi (Mas.), Sayambhū (Mas.), Lacchi (Fem.) and Bahů (Fem.) Pronoun : Ti, Ji, Ki, Ei and Imi (Fem.) will be as above in Instrumental Plural, Ablative Plural and Locative Plural.
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16. Caturo Va
3/17 (Caturaḥ)+ (Vā) Caturaḥ (Catur) 5/1 Va = alternatively Alternatively, after Catur cau, a long vowel takes place. Alternatively, on having the bhis' suffixes (hi, hiṁ, hiṁ 317, 3/124 of Instrumental Plural), the 'bhyas', suffixes (hinto and sunto of Ablative Plural) and the 'sup' suffix (“su' of Locative Plural) after cau, the short u vowel becomes long u. (Cau+bhis) = (Cau+ hi, his, hiṁ) - Caühi, Caühiń, Cauhiṁ.
(Instrumental Plural) (Cau+ bhyas) = (Cau+ hinto, sunto) = Caühinto, Causunto
(Ablative Plural) 'hi' is negated (3/127) Cau+ sup) = ( Cau+ su) - Causu
(Locative Plural)
---
----
---
-
--
---
---
-
By applying Sūtra 3/124, the other alternatives are: Cauhi, Cauhiń, Cauhim (Instrumental Plural) By applying Sūtra 3/124, the other alternatives are: Caühinto, Causunto (Ablative Plural) By applying Sūtra 3/124, the other alternative is: Causu (Locative Plural)
17. Lupte Śasi
3/18 Lupte (Lupta) PAP. 7/1 Śasi (Śas) 7/1 On having dropped out śas, a long vowel takes place. On having dropped out sas (suffix of Accusative Plural) after short i-ending, short u-ending Masculine and Feminine words, a long vowel takes the place of short i and u-ending words. (1) (i) Noun : Hari (Mas.): (Hari + śas) = (Hari + zero) = Hari
(Accusative Plural) (ii)Mai ( Fem.): (Mai + śas) = (Mai + zero) - Mai
(Accusative Plural) (iii)Sāhu (Mas.): (Sāhu + śas) = (Sāhu + zero) Sähū
(Accusative Plural)
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(iv) Dheņu (Fem.): (Dheņu + sas) = (Dheņu + zero) Dheņu (Accusative Plural) In the same way, the declension of Gamaņi (Mas.), Sayambhu (Mas.), Lacchi (Fem.) and Bahu (Fem.) will take place.
Pronoun: Amu (Mas.):
(Accusative Plural) (Accusative Plural)
Numeral : Satthi (Fem.):
18. Aklibe Sau
3/19
Aklibe (Aklība) 7/1 Sau (Si) 7/1
On having 'si' after non-neuter iande Masculine and Feminine words, there occurs a long vowel. (3/16)
On having 'si' (suffix of Nominative Singular) after short iending, short u- ending Masculine and Feminine words, there occurs long vowel. ( and as a rule 'si' disappears). (1) (i) Noun: Hari (Mas.): (Hari + si)= (Hari + si) = (Hari + zero)= Hari (Nominative Singular) (ii) Mai (Fem.): (Mai + si) = (Mai + si)= (Mai + zero) = Mai (Nominative Singular) (iii) Sahu (Mas.): (Sahu + si) = (Sahū + si) = (Sähū+ zero) = Sähů (Nominative Singular) (iv)Dheņu (Fem.): (Dheņu+si) = (Dheņū+si) = (Dhenu+zero)= Dheņu (Nominative Singular) In the same way, the declension of Gamaņi (Mas.), Sayambhu (Mas.), Lacchi (Fem.) and Bahu (Fem.) will take place. Pronoun: Amu (Mas.)
Amů (Fem.)
Ei, Imi (Fem.)
Numeral Satthi (Fem.)
:
Advanced Präkṛta Grammar

(Nominative Singular) (Nominative Singular)
(Nominative Singular)
(Sūtra 3/33 negates ki, ji, ti) (Nominative Singular)

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19. Pumsi Jasoļau Dao Vä
3/20 Pumsi Jasodau Dao Vá (( Jasaḥ)+(Dau)] Dao Vā Puṁsi (Puṁs) 7/1 Jasaḥ ( Jas) 6/1 Dau (Dau) 1/1 Dao (Dao) 1/1 Va = alternatively Alternatively, in Masculine words, there occur dau+ au and dao → ao in place of 'jas'. Alternatively, after i-ending, u-ending Masculine words, there occur au and ao in place of 'jas'(suffix of Nominative Plural). (1) Noun : Hari (Mas.): (Hari + jas) = (Hari + au,ao) =
Harau, Harao (Nominative Plural) (2) Noun: Gámaņi (Mas.): (Gámaņi+jas) = (Gámaņi + au,ao)
Gámaņau, Gámaņao (Nominative Plural) (3) (i) Noun: Sāhu (Mas.): (Sāhu + jas) = (Sāhu + au,ao) =
Såhau, Sähao (Nominative Plural) (ii) Pronoun: Amu (Mas.): Amau, Amao
(Nominative Plural) (4) Sayambhu (Mas.): (Sayambhủ+ jas)=(Sayambhu+au, ao)
Sayambhau, Sayambhao (Nominative Plural)
20. Votodavo
3/21 Votoựavo [(Vā) + (Utah) + (Davo)] Vā - alternatively Utah (Ut) 5/1 Davo (Davo) 1/1 Alternatively, after u-ending words, davo+avo takes place. Alternatively, after u-ending Masculine words, there is avo in place of Jas (suffix of Nominative Plural). (1) (i) Noun: Sahu (Mas.): (Sāhu + jas) = (Sāhu + avo) =
Sāhavo (Nominative Plural) (ii) Pronoun : Amu (Mas.) Amavo (Nominative Plural) (2) Sayambhu (Mas.): (Sayambhū+ jas)=(Sayambhū+ avo)
Sayambhavo (Nominative Plural)
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2 1. Jas- Sasorno Vũ 3/22
Jas- Śasorņo Và [(Śasoh) + (No)] Vă = alternatively [(Jas) -(Śas) 6/2] Ņo (No) 1/1 Vā - alternatively Alternatively, there occurs no in place of jas and śas. Alternatively, after i-ending and u-ending Masculine words, there occurs no in place of jas ( suffix of Nominative Plural) and sas (suffix of Accusative Plural).
By applying Sūtra 3/125, the short vowel does not become long: (1) (i) Noun: Hari (Mas.): (Hari + jas) = (Hari + ņo) - Hariņo
(Nominative Plural) (ii) (Hari + śas) = (Hari + ņo) - Hariño (Accusative Plural) (2)(i) Noun : Sāhu (Mas.): (Sāhu + jas) = (Sāhu+ no) =
Såhuno (Nominative Plural) (ii) Pronoun: Amu (Mas.): Amuņo (Nominative Plural) (3)(i) Noun : Sahu (Mas.) : (Sāhu + śas) = (Sāhu+ no) =
Sähuņo (Accusative Plural) (ii) Pronoun: Amu (Mas.): Amuņo (Accusative Plural) By applying Sūtra 3/43, long vowel becomes short: (4)(i)Gamaņi(Mas.):(Gāmani+jas)-(Gāmaņi+ņo) =Gamaņiņo
(Nominative Plural) (ii)(Gāmaņi+ śas) = (Gāmaņi+ņo) - Gamaņiņo
(Accusative Plural) (5) (i) Sayambhu (Mas.) : (Sayaṁbhū+ jas)= (Sayambhū+ņo)
Sayambhuņo (Nominative Plural) (ii)(Sayambhū+ śas)- (Sayambhū+ņo)- Sayambhuņo
(Accusative Plural) By applying Sūtra 3/4, 3/12 and 3/124 there occur: (6) Noun: Hari, Sähū, Gämaņi and Sayambhú
(Nominative Plural) (7) Pronoun : Amú
(Nominative Plural)
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22. Nasi - Nasoḥ Pum - Klibe Vå
3/23
[(Nasi) -(Nas) 6/2] [(Pum) -(Klība) 7/1] Và = alternatively Alternatively, in Masculine and Neuter words, there occurs no in place of nasi and nas.
32
Alternatively, after i-ending, u- ending Masculine and Neuter words, there occurs no in place of nasi (suffix of Ablative Singular) and nas (suffix of Genitive Singular).
By applying Sutra 3/125, the short vowel does not become long:
(1) (i) Noun: Hari (Mas.): (Hari + nasi) = (Hari + no) = Harino (Ablative Singular)
(ii) (Hari + nas) = (Hari+ no) = Harino (Genitive Singular) (2) (i) Noun: Såhu (Mas.): (Sāhu + nasi) = (Sâhu+ no) = Sahuṇo (Ablative Singular) (ii) Pronoun: Amu (Mas.): Amuno (Ablative Singular) (3) (i) Noun: Sahu (Mas.): (Sahu + ñas) = (Sahu+ no): (Genitive Singular) (ii) Pronoun: Amuņo (Mas.): (Genitive Singular) (4) Noun: Vari (Neu.): (Vāri + nasi) = (Vāri + no) = Vāriņo (Ablative Singular)
=
Såhuņo
(Vāri + nas) = (Vāri + no) = Vāriņo (Genitive Singular) (5) (i) Noun: Mahu (Neu.): (Mahu + nasi) = (Mahu + no) = Mahuņo (Ablative Singular)
(ii) Pronoun: Amu (Neu.): Amuņo (Ablative Singular) (6) (i) Noun: Mahu (Neu.): (Mahu + nas) = (Mahu + no).
Mahuņo (Genitive Singular) (ii) Pronoun: Amu (Neu.) Amuņo (Genitive Singular) By applying Sūtra 3/43, long vowel becomes short: (7)(i)Gamaņi (Mas.): (Gāmaṇī+nasi) = (Gāmaṇī+ṇo)
(Ablative Singular)
-Gamaniņo (ii)(Gāmaṇī+nas)=(Gāmaṇī+no)-Gāmaṇiņo(Genitive Singular)

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(8) (i) Sayambhú (Mas.): (Sayaṁbhū+ nasi) = (Sayambhū+ņo)
- Sayambhuņo (Ablative Singular) (ii)(Sayambhū+ nas) = (Sayambhū+ņo) - Sayambhuņo
(Genitive Singular)
23. Țoņa
3/24 ļoņa [(Taḥ) +(Ņā)] Țaḥ (Tā) 6/1 Ņā (Na) 1/1 There occurs na in place of ță. After i-ending, u-ending Masculine and Neuter words, there occurs ņå in place of ţă (Instrumental Singular). (1) Noun : Hari (Mas.): (Hari + ţă) = (Hari + ņā) - Hariņā
(Instrumental Singular) (2) (i) Noun : Sahu (Mas.): (Sāhu + tā) = (Sāhu+ nā) - Sähuņa
(Instrumental Singular) (ii) Pronoun: Amu (Mas.): Amuņa
(Instrumental Singular) (3) Noun: Vari (Neu.): (Vāri + ţă) = (Vāri + nă) - Váriņā
(Instrumental Singular) (4) (i) Noun : Mahu (Neu.): (Mahu + ţă) = (Mahu + nă) = Mahuņā
(Instrumental Singular) (ii) Pronoun: Amu (Neu.): Amuņa
(Instrumental Singular)
------------------------------------------------------..
By applying Sūtra 3/43, long vowel becomes short. (1) Gāmaņi (Mas.): (Gāmaņi+tā) = (Gāmaņi+ņā) - Gamaņiņa
(Instrumental Singular) (2)Sayambhū (Mas.): (Sayambhū+ tā)=(Sayambhū+ņā)
Sayambhuņa (Instrumental Singular)
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24. Klibe Svaránm Seḥ
3/25 Klibe Svaränm Seḥ [(Svarāt) + (M)] Seh Klibe (Klība) 7/1 Svarat (Svara) 5/1 M (M) 1/1 Seḥ (Si) 6/1 After the end - vowel in Neuter words, there occurs 'm'in place of 'si'. After the end - vowel in a-ending, i-ending and u- ending Neuter words, there occurs m+ - in place of 'si' (Nominative
Singular). (By applying Sūtra (Monusvāraḥ)1/23 the m becomes →-) (1) (i) Noun: Kamala (Neu.): (Kamala + si) = (Kamala + )
- Kamalaṁ (Nominative Singular) (ii) Pronoun : Savvaṁ, Tam, Jaṁ, Annam
(Nominative Singular) (iii) Numeral : Ekkam, Ikkaṁ (Nominative Singular) (2) Väri (Neu.): (Vāri + si) = (Vāri + - ) - Värim
(Nominative Singular) (3) (i) Noun : Mahu(Neu.): (Mahu + si) = (Mahu + --- ):
Mahuṁ (Nominative Singular) (ii) Pronoun : Amu (Neu.) Amur (Nominative Singular)
25. Jas - Śas - In - Im Nayaḥ Sapragdirghåḥ 3/26
Jas • Śas - Iň • Im Nayaḥ Sapragdirghaḥ [(Sa) + (Prāk) + (Dirghāḥ)] [(Jas) - (Śas) - (ITM)- (lm)-(Ni) 1/3][(Sa) - (Prāk) - (Dirgha)
1/3]
After Neuter words, there occur iň, is, ni in place of jas and śas (and) alongwith this the former vowel becomes long. After a-ending, i-ending and u-ending Neuter words, there occur iṁ, im, ņi in place of jas (suffix of Nominative Plural) and sas (suffix of Accusative Plural) (and) along with this the former vowel becomes long.
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(1) (i) Noun: Kamala (Neu.): (Kamala + jas) = (Kamala +im, im, ni) = Kamalaim → Kamalaim, Kamalaim - Kamalāņi (Nominative Plural)
-→→
Kamalaim, Kamalani
(ii) Pronoun: Savvaim, Jaim, Kaiṁ, Imäiṁ, Annaiṁ (Nominative Plural)
etc.
(iii) Numeral : Ekkäiṁ, Ikkäim, etc.
(Nominative Plural) (2) (i) Noun: Kamala (Neu.): (Kamala + śas) = (Kamala + im, im, ni) = Kamalaim→Kamalaim, Kamalaim→ Kamaläim, Kamalaṇi →→→ Kamalāņi (Accusative Plural) (ii) Pronoun: Savvaim, Jäim, Käim, Imaiṁ, Annaiṁ etc. (Accusative Plural)
(iii) Numeral : Ekkȧim, Ikkäim, etc. (Accusative Plural) (3) (i) Noun: Vāri (Neu.) - (Vāri + jas) = (Vāri+im, im, ni) = Väriim →→→Väriiṁ, Vāriiṁ →Vāriim, Vāriņi →→Vārīņi (Nominative Plural) (ii) Noun: Vari (Neu.) : (Vāri + śas) = (Vāri+im, im, ni) - Vāriim →→Vāriiṁ, Vāriiṁ →→Vāriiṁ, Vāriņi →→→ Vāriņi (Accusative Plural) (4) (i) Noun: Mahu (Neu.): (Mahu + jas) = (Mahu +im, im, ni) = Mahuim → Mahuim, Mahuim -> Mahuim,
-
Mahuni Mahūņi
(Nominative Plural)
(ii) Pronoun: Amuim, Amüim, Amūņi
→
←
(Nominative Plural)
(5) (i) Noun: Mahu (Neu.): (Mahu + śas) = (Mahu+im, im, ni) = Mahuim →→ Mahuim, Mahuim →Mahūim, Mahuni
(Accusative Plural)
→
Mahūņi
(ii) Pronoun: Amūim, Amūim, Amūņi
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(Accusative Plural)

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26. Striyāmudotau Và
3/27
Striyamudotau Vā [(Striyām) + (Ut) + (Otau)] Vā Striyam (Stri) 7/1 [(Ut) -(Ot) 1/2] Vă = alternatively Alternatively, there occur ut→→u and ot→o in Feminine words. Alternatively, on having jas (suffix of Nominative Plural and sas (suffix of Accusative Plural) after å-ending, i-ending and u- ending Feminine words, there occur u and o in place of jas and sas.
By applying Sutra 3/26 the former vowel becomes 'long' if it is 'short'.
(1) (i) Noun: Kaha (Fem.): (Kahā + jas) = (Kaha + u, o) -Kahau, Kahão (Nominative Plural) (ii) Pronoun: Savväu, Tàu, Jâu, Käu, Imâu, Annâu, Savvão, Tão, Jão, Kão, Imão, Annão (Nominative Plural) (iii) Numeral : Ekkau, Ikkȧu, Ekkão, Ikkão, Visãu, Visão (Nominative Plural) (2) (i) Noun: Kaha (Fem.): (Kaha + sas) = (Kaha + u, 0) = Kahau, Kahão (Accusative Plural) (ii) Pronoun: Savvȧu, Tàu, Jâu, Kâu, Imàu, Annau, Savvȧo, Tao, Jão, Kão, Imão, Annão (Accusative Plural) (iii) Numeral : Ekkȧu, Ikkȧu, Ekkão, Ikkão, Visȧu, Visão (Accusative Plural) (3) (i) Noun: Mai (Fem.): (Mai + jas) = (Mai + u, o) = Maiu, Maio (Nominative Plural) (ii) Numeral Saṭṭhiu, Saṭṭhio (Nominative Plural) (4) (i) Noun: Mai (Fem.): (Mai + śas) = (Mai + u, o) = Maiu, Maio (Accusative Plural) (ii) Numeral : Saṭṭhiu, Saṭṭhio (Accusative Plural) (5) (i) Noun: Lacchi (Fem.): (Lacchi + jas) = (Lacchi + u, 0) = Lacchiu, Lacchio (Nominative Plural)
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(ii) Pronoun: Tiu, Jiu, Kiu, Eiu, Imiu, Tio, Jio, Kio, Eio, Imio (Nominative Plural) (6) (i) Noun: Lacchi (Fem.): (Lacchi + śas) = (Lacchi + u, o) = Lacchiu, Lacchio (Accusative Plural) (ii) Pronoun: Tiu, Jiu, Kiu, Eiu, Imiu, Tio, Jio, Kio, Eio, Imio (Accusative Plural) (7) (i) Noun: Dheņu (Fem.): (Dheņu + jas) = (Dheṇu+ u, 0) = Dheṇuu, Dheņuo (Nominative Plural) (ii) Pronoun: Amuu, Amuo (Nominative Plural) (8) (i) Noun: Dheņu (Fem.): (Dheņu + śas) = (Dhenu+ u, Dheņuu, Dheṇuo (Accusative Plural) (ii) Pronoun: Amùu, Amuo (Accusative Plural) (9) (i) Noun: Bahu (Fem.): (Bahū+ jas) = (Bahu+u, o) = Bahuu, Bahuo (Nominative Plural) (ii) Noun: Bahu (Fem.): (Bahū+ śas) = (Bahu + u, 0) = Bahuu, Bahuo (Accusative Plural)
o) =
27. İtaḥ Seścā Vā
3/28
İtaḥ Seścā Vā [(Seḥ) + (Ca) + (A)] Vā
İtaḥ (It) 5/1 Seḥ (Si) 6/1 Ca = and A (A) 1/1 Vā = alternatively
Alternatively, after long i-ending Feminine words, there occurs ȧ in place of 'si' and also à in place of jas' and 'sas'. Alternatively, after long i-ending Feminine words, there occurs à in place of 'si' (suffix of Nominative Singular) and also à in place of 'jas'(suffix of Nominative Plural) and 'sas' (suffix of Accusative Plural) Sūtra 3/27.
(1) (i) Noun: Lacchi (Fem.): (Lacchi + si) = (Lacchi + a) = Lacchia (Nominative Singular) (Nominative Singular)
(ii) Pronoun: Eia, Imià (Sūtra 3/33, negates ki, ji, ti)
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(2) (i) Noun : Lacchi (Fem.): (Lacchi + jas) = (Lacchi + a)
- Lacchia (Nominative Plural) (ii) Pronoun: Tia, Jiä, Kia, Eia, Imia
(Nominative Plural) (3) (i) Noun : Lacchi (Fem.): (Lacchi + śas) = (Lacchi rā)
-Lacchia (Accusative Plural) (ii) Pronoun: Tia, Jiä, Kiā, Eiä, Imiä (Accusative Plural)
28. Tā-Nas-Neradadidedvå Tu Naseh 3/29
Tā-Nas-Neradadidedva Tu Naseh [(Neh)+(At)+(At)+(lt)+(Et)+(Vā)] Tu Naseh [(Tā) - (Nas) - (Ni) 6/1] At (At) 1/1 Åt (At) 1/1 It (it) 1/1 Et (Et) 1/1] Va = alternatively Tu = and Naseh (Nasi) 6/1 Alternatively, there occur ata, ata, it-→i, et-te in place of tà, nas and ni and in place of nasi and alongwith this the former vowel becomes long if it is short. Alternatively, in a-ending, i-ending and u- ending Feminine words, there occur a, a, i and e in place of ţă (suffix of Instrumental Singular), nas (suffix of Genitive Singular) and ni (suffix of Locative Singular) and in place of nasi (suffix of Ablative Singular),and alongwith this the former vowel becomes long if it is short. According to Sutra Nåtaat 3/30 there will not be a in a-ending words in place of ţă, nas, ni and nasi. (1) (i) Noun: Kaha (Fem.): (Kahā + tā) = (Kahā + a, i, e)
- Kahaa, Kahai, Kahae (Instrumental Singular) (ii) Pronoun : Savvaa, Taa, Jaa, Kaa, Imãa, Annaa
Savvăi, Savväe etc. (Instrumental Singular) (iii) Numeral : Ekkaa, Ekkải, Ekkãe,Ikkaa, Viska,
Visãi, Viske etc. (Instrumental Singular)
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(2) (i) Noun : Kahá (Fem.): (Kahã + nas) = (Kahā + a, i, e) =
Kahaa, Kahai, Kahae (Genitive Singular) (ii) Pronoun : Savvaa, Taa, Jaa, Kaa, Imaa, Annaa,
Savväi, Savväe etc. (Genitive Singular) (iii) Numeral : Ekkaa, Ekkäi, Ekkåe,Ikkaa Visia,
Visai, Visae, etc. (Genitive Singular) (3) (i) Noun: Kahā (Fem.): (Kahả + ni) = (Kaha + a, i, e) =
Kahaa, Kahải, Kahảe (Locative Singular) (ii) Pronoun: Savvăa, Jāa, Kāa, Imaa, Annäa , Savvai,
Savvãe, etc. (Locative Singular) (iii) Numeral: Ekkaa, Ekkái, Ekkāe,Ikkaa Visāa,
Visãi, Visãe, etc. (Locative Singular) (4) (i) Noun: Kahá (Fem.): (Kaha + nasi) = (Kahả + a, i, e) =
Kahảa, Kahải , Kahãe (Ablative Singular) (ii) Pronoun: Savvaa, Jaa, Käa, Imaa, Annaa, Savvái,
Savväe etc. (Ablative Singular) (iii) Numeral : Ekkaa, Ekkái, Ekkāe, Ikkaa, Visāa,
Visãi, Viske etc. (Ablative Singular) (5) (i) Noun : Mai (Fem.): (Mai + ţă) = (Mai + a, a, i, e)
-Maia, Maiä, Maii, Maie (Instrumental Singular) (ii) Numeral : Satthia, Satthia , Saţthii, Sathie
(Instrumental Singular) (6) (i) Noun: Mai (Fem.): (Mai + nas) = (Mai + a, a, i, e) =
Maia, Maia , Maii, Maie (Genitive Singular) (ii) Numeral : Satthia, Saţthia , Sațțhii, Saţthie
(Genitive Singular) (7) (i) Noun : (Fem.): (Mai + ni) = (Mai + a, a, i, e) - Maia,
Maiä, Maii, Maie (Locative Singular) (ii) Numeral : Saţthia, Saţthia , Saţthii, Saţthie
(Locative Singular) (8) (i) Noun : Mai (Fem.): (Mai + nasi) = (Mai + a, a, i, e)
=Maia, Maia , Maii, Maie (Ablative Singular)
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40
(ii) Numeral Saṭṭhia, Saṭṭhia, Saṭṭhii, Satthie (Ablative Singular) (9) (i) Noun: Lacchi (Fem.): (Lacchi+ta) = (Lacchi+ a, a, i, e) Lacchia, Lacchia, Lacchii, Lacchie (Instrumental Singular) (ii) Pronoun: Tia, Jia, Kia, Eia, Imia, Tia, Jia, Kia, Eiä, Imià, Tii, Jii, Kii, Eii, Imii, Tie, Jie, Kie, Eie, Imie (Instrumental Singular)
(10) (i) Noun: Lacchi (Fem.): (Lacchi + nas) = (Lacchi+ a, a, i, e) = Lacchia, Lacchia, Lacchii, Lacchie (Genitive Singular) (ii) Pronoun: Tia, Jia, Kia, Eia, Imia, Tià, Jia, Kiä, Eia, Imia, Tii, Jii, Kii, Eii, Imii, Tie, Jie, Kie, Eie, Imie (Genitive Singular) (11) (i) Noun: Lacchi (Fem.): (Lacchi + ni) = (Lacchi + a, a, i, e) = Lacchia, Lacchia, Lacchii, Lacchie (Locative Singular) (ii) Pronoun: Tia, Jia, Kia, Eia, Imia, Tià, Jia, Kiä, Eia, Imia, Tii, Jii, Kii, Eii, Imii, Tie, Jie, Kie, Eie, Imie (Locative Singular) (12) (i) Noun: Lacchi (Fem.): (Lacchi+nasi) = (Lacchi+ a, ā, i, e) Lacchia, Lacchia, Lacchii, Lacchie (Ablative Singular)
-
(ii) Pronoun: Tia, Jia, Kia, Eia, Imia, Tiä, Jia, Kiä, Eia, Imia, Tii, Jii, Kii, Eii, Imii, Tie, Jie, Kie, Eie, Imie (Ablative Singular) (13) (i) Noun: Dheņu (Fem.): (Dhenu+ tā) = (Dhenu+ a, ā, i, e) = Dheṇua, Dheṇua, Dheņui, Dheņue (Instrumental Singular)
(ii) Pronoun: Amùa, Amūā, Amùi, Amue

(Instrumental Singular)
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(14) (i) Noun: Dheņu (Fem.): (Dhenu+ nas) = (Dheņu+
a, a, i, e) Dheṇua, Dheņuȧ, Dheņui, Dheņue
=
(ii) Pronoun: Amūa, Amūă, Amũi, Amue
(Genitive Singular) (15) (i) Noun: Dheņu (Fem.): (Dhenu+ ni) = (Dheņu + a, ă, i, e) = Dheṇua, Dheņūā, Dheņui, Dheņue (Locative Singular) (ii) Pronoun: Amúa, Amůä, Amùi, Amüe (Locative Singular) (16) (i) Noun: Dheņu (Fem.): (Dhenu+ nasi) = (Dhenu+ a, a, i, e) = Dheņūa, Dheņūā, Dheņui, Dheņue (Ablative Singular) (ii) Pronoun: Amua, Amua, Amùi, Amue (Ablative Singular) (17) (i) Noun: Bahu (Fem.): (Bahu+ ṭā) = (Bahū+ a, ā, i, e) = Bahua, Bahūā, Bahūi, Bahue
-
(Instrumental Singular) (18) (i) Noun: Bahu (Fem.): (Bahu+ ǹas) = (Bahū+ a, ā, i, e) = Bahua, Bahūā, Bahui, Bahue (Genitive Singular) (19) (i) Noun: Bahů (Fem.) - (Bahů + ni) = (Bahū + a, ā, i, e) = Bahua, Bahua, Bahui, Bahue
(Locative Singular) (20) (i) Noun: Bahů (Fem.) - (Bahū+ nasi) = (Bahū+ a, ā, i, e) = Bahua, Bahūā, Bahui, Bahue
(Ablative Singular)
29 Nätaāt
(Genitive Singular)
3/30
Nätaät [(Na) + (Ataḥ) + (At)]
Na = not Ataḥ (At) 5/1 At (At) 1/1
After ȧ-ending words, there does not occur at→→ȧ.
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After å-ending Feminine words, there does not occură in place of ţă (suffix of Instrumental Singular), nasi (suffix of Ablative Singular), nas(suffix of Genitive Singular) and ni (suffix of Locative Singular). In Kahā å will not be added.
30. Pratyaye Nirna Vä 3/31
Pratyaye Nirna VĂ [(Niḥ) + (na)] Pratyaye (Pratyaya) 7/1 Nih (Nī) 1/1 Na Va = alternatively
Alternatively, as for the of suffix there occurs the ni → i suffix. Alternatively, for forming Feminine words, the suffix used is the ni → i suffix. (1) Kurucara + i= Kurucari Alternatively, for forming Feminine words, i occurs alongwith
a.
(2) Kurucara +ă = Kurucară
31. Ajäteh Pumsaḥ 3/32
Ajäteh (Ajāti) 5/1 Puṁsaḥ (Puss) 5/1 After non-common Masculine words, there occurs i for forming Feminine words. After non-common Masculine words, there occurs ni →i for forming Feminine words, and alternatively alongwith á Sutra 3/31. (But in Common Nouns, Common Pronouns, Common Adjectives i does not take place in forming Feminine from the Masculine forms). (i) Nila + i, a = Nili, Nīlā
Kala + i, ā : Kali, Kālā (ii) Eta → Ea+ i, a = Eī, Eā
Ima + ī, ā : Imi, Imā According to Hemacandra's Commentary the Feminine word of Aja (Goat) will be Ajā as 'i' can not be added here.
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32. Kim - YattadoSsyamami 3/33
Kim - Yattados syamāmi ((Yat) + (Tadaḥ → Tatah) + (A) + (Si) + (Am) + (Āmi)] [(kim) - (yat) - (tad →tat) 6/1]a = not [(si) - (am) - lām) 7/1] The Feminine Pronouns of kim → ka, yat ja and tat-ta are ká, jā, tá and ki, ji, ti. There is no declension of ki, ji and ti in si,amand am.In the rest of the cases, the declension is in conformity with kā, jā, and ta respectively. The Feminine Pronouns of kim ka, yat → ja and tat ta are kā, jā, tá and ki, ji, ti. There is no declension of ki, ji and ti in si (suffix of Nominative Singular)am(suffix of Accusative Singular)and am (suffix of Genitive Plural). In the rest of the cases, the declension is in conformity with ka, ja and tā respectively. (i) Ki+si = 0 (Nominative Singular)
Ji + si = 0 (Nominative Singular)
Ti + si = 0 (Nominative Singular) (ii) Ki + am = 0 (Accusative Singular)
Ji + am = 0 (Accusative Singular)
Ti + am = 0 (Accusative Singular) (iii) Ki + ām = 0 (Genitive Plural)
Ji + âm = 0 (Genitive Plural)
Ti + ām : 0 (Genitive Plural) In all other cases an inflection takes place.
33. Chayā - Haridrayoh 3/34
[(Chāyā) - (Haridrā) 7/2] On having chāyā→ châā and haridra → haliddā / haladdā, there is i alternatively. On having chāyā → cháa and haridrā halidda /haladda, there is i, alternatively, in place of a. (1) (i) Chāyā + Chia +1 = Chải
(ii) Haridrā → Haliddā / Haladdā + i - Haliddi / Haladdi
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34. Hộsvomi 3/36
Hțsvomi [(Hșsvaḥ) + (Mi)] Hrsvaḥ (Hșsva)1/1 Mi (M) 7/1 If m+ - is after the vowel, then the vowel becomes short. In å-ending Feminine words, and long i-ending and in longuending Masculine and Feminine words, if m → -- is after the vowel, then the vowel becomes short in Accusative Singular.
---
---
-
-
By applying Sūtra 3/124,3/5, there occur: (1) (i) Noun : Kahā (Fem.): (Kahả + - ) = (Kaha + ---)
- Kaham (Accusative Singular) (ii) Pronoun: Savvam, Tam, Jam, Kam, Eam, Imam,
Annaṁ (Accusative Singular) (iii) Numeral : Ekkaṁ, Ikkam, Vissam
(Accusative Singular) (2) (i) Noun : Lacchi (Fem.): (Lacchi + -) =
(Lacchi + = ) Lacchiń Accusative Singular) (ii) Pronoun: Imim, Eim, (Accusative Singular)
(Sūtra 3/33, negates ki, ji,ti) (3) Noun : Bahů (Fem.): (Bahū+ ---) = (Bahu+ --) = Bahum
(Accusative Singular) (4) Noun: Gámaņi (Mas.): (Gāmaņi+ -- ) = (Gămani+ --) -Gamaņim
(Accusative Singular) (5) Noun : Sayambhū (Mas.): (Sayambhū+---)-(Sayambhu+
- ) Sayambhuṁ (Accusative Singular)
35. Námantryätsau Maḥ 3/37
Namantryātsau Maḥ ((Na) + (Āmantryāt) + (Sau)] Maḥ Na : non-existence Amantryát (Amantrya) 5/1 Sau (Si) 7/1 Maḥ (M) 6/1 Where there are Neuter words, in Vocative Case, there is no m +4-).
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On having si (suffix of Nominative Singular) after a-ending, i-ending and u- ending Neuter words, in Vocative Case, there is no m (-).
(1) Kamala (Neu.): ( He Kamala + si) = (He Kamala + zero) = He Kamala (Vocative Singular)
(2) Väri (Neu.): ( He Vāri + si) = ( He Väri + →→→ zero)
= He Vari (Vocative Singular) (3) Mahu (Neu.): (He Mahu + si) = (He Mahu + zero) = He Mahu (Vocative Singular)
36. Do Dirghovȧ
3/38
Do Dirghovȧ [(Dirghaḥ) + (Va)]
Do (Do) 1/1 Dirghaḥ (Dirgha) 1/1 Va = alternatively Alternatively, there exist do→ 0 and long.
(i) Alternatively, after a-ending Masculine words in Vocative Case there exist o and long vowel in place of si (suffix of Nominative Singular).
(1) (i) Deva (Mas.): (He Deva + si) = (He Deva + 0) = He Devo (Vocative Singular)
(ii) (He Deva + si) = (He Deva + zero) = He Deva (Vocative Singular) Alternatively, according to Hemacandara's Commentary: (iii)(He Deva + si) = ( He Deva + long) = He Devȧ (Vocative Singular) Alternatively after short i-ending and u- ending Masculine and Feminine words used in the Vocative Case there exists a long vowel (3/19) in place of si (suffix of Nominative Singular). (2)(i)Hari (Mas.): ( He Hari + si) = ( He Hari + long) =
He Hari (Vocative Singular)
Alternatively:
(ii)( He Hari + si) = ( He Hari + zero) = He Hari (Vocative
Singular)
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(3) (i)Sahu (Mas.): ( He Sahu + si) =( He Sahu + long)= He Sahu (Vocative Singular) Alternatively :(ii) (He Sahu + si) = (He Sahu + zero) =He Såhu (Vocative Singular) (4) (i)Mai (Fem.): (He Mai + si) = (He Mai + long) = He Mai (Vocative Singular) Alternatively: (ii)(He Mai + si) = (He Mai + zero) = He Mai (Vocative Singular) (5) (i)Dheņu (Fem.): In the same way He Dhenü, He Dhenu Note: Sutras 3/39 and 3/40 have been dealt with here alongwith r-ending words.
=
37. Vāpae
46
3/41
Vapae [(Vā) + (Apaḥ) + (E)]
Vå alternatively Apaḥ (Ap) 5/1 E (E) 1/1 Alternatively, there is 'e' after a - ending words.
Alternatively, in Vocative Case, there is 'e' in place of 'si' (suffix of Nominative Singular) after å - ending Feminine words. Kaha (Fem.): (He Kaha + si) = (He Kaha + e) = He Kahe (Vocative Singular)
Alternatively:
Kaha (Fem.): (He Kaha + si) = (He Kaha + zero) = He Kahă (Vocative Singular)
38. İdütorhṛsvaḥ
3/42
İdūtorhṛsvaḥ [(It) + (Ūtoḥ) +(Hṛsvaḥ)]
[(It)- (Ut) 7/2] Hṛsvaḥ (Hrsva) 1/1
In long i-ending and long u-ending words in Vocative Case there occurs a short vowel in place of 'si'.
After long i-ending and long u-ending Masculine and Feminine words in Vocative Case, there occurs a short vowel in place of 'si' (suffix of Nominative Singular).

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(1) (i) Gamaņi (Mas.): ( He Gámaņi+ si) = He Gamaņi
(Vocative Singular) (ii) Sayambhū (Mas.): ( He Sayambhū+ si) - He Sayambhu
(Vocative Singular) (iii)Lacchi (Fem.): ( He Lacchi +si) - He Lacchi
(Vocative Singular) (iv)Bahü (Fem.): (He Bahū+si) - He Bahu (Vocative Singular)
39. Kvipah' 3/43
Kvipah (Kvip) 5/1 After long i-ending and long u-ending Masculine words, the long vowel becomes short. On having ță, jas and śas after long i-ending and long uending Masculine words and on adding ņā (3/24) in place of ţă, and ņo (3/22) in place of jas and sas long vowel becomes short.
1. Masculine și-ending and pu- ending, etc. words are known as words taking the ‘kvip'suffix. Thus Masculine long i-ending and Masculine long u-ending words may be known as words with a ‘kvip'suffix. According to Hemacandra's Commentary in Sūtras 3/43, on adding the ņå and ņo suffixes after Masculine long i-ending and Masculine longu - ending Nouns the long vowel becomes
short. (1) (i) Gāmaņi (Mas.): (Gāmaņi+tā)= (Gāmaņi+ņā) = (Gāmaņi+ ņā)
- Gamaniņa (Instrumental Singular) (ii) Sayambhū (Mas.): (Sayambhū+țā)= (Sayambhū+ņā) = one (Sayambhu+ ņā) - Sayambhuņā (Instrumental Singular) (2) (i)Gämaņi (Mas.): (Gamani+jas)= (Gámani+ņo) = (Gāmaņi+ ņo) - Gamaņiņo
(Nominative Plural) (ii)Sayambhu (Mas.): (Sayambhū+ jas)= (Sayaṁbhū+ņo) =
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(3) (i) Gamaņi (Mas.): (Gāmaņi+śas): (Gāmaņi+ņo) - (Gāmaņi+
ņo) - Gamaņino (Accusative Plural)) (ii) Sayambhū (Mas.): (Sayambhū+ śas)= (Sayambhu+no) = (Sayambhu+ no) - Sayambhuņo (Accusative Plural)
OOO
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Section-2
Sūtras for knowing the Declension of special Nouns such as (i) Piu, etc. and (ii) Dău, etc.
(1) Declension of Piu, Dāu etc.
3/39,3/40 (Vocative Case)
(2) Declension of Masculine Nouns (i) Piu (Father) 3/44, 3/48,
Bhâu (Brother) 3/44, 3/48, Jāmău (Son-in law) 3/44, 3/48.
(ii) Declension of Piara (Father) 3/47,
Bhaara (Brother) 3/47, Jamaara (Son-in law) 3/47.
(3) Declension of Adjectivel Masculine (Agent Nouns)
(i) Kattu (Doer) 3/44,
| Dầu (Giver) 3/44.
(ii) Declension of Kattára (Doer) 3/45,
Dāāra (Giver) 3/45.
(4) Declension of Feminine Nouns
(i) Māa (Mother) 3/46,
(ii) Māară (Mother) 3/46. olet (Declension according to å-ending Kahā)
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40. KtoSdvå 3/39
ŘtoSdvă [(Rtaḥ) + (At) + (Vā)] Řtaḥ (Rt) 6/1 At (At) 1/1 Vă = alternatively Alternatively, there is at →a in place of rt +r. Alternatively, on having 'si' (suffix of Nominative Singular) after r-ending words in Vocative Case there occurs ‘a'in place of rt →șand ‘si' disappears. (1) (i) Pitš (Mas.): (He Pit? + si) = (He Pita + si) = (He Pita) = He Pia (ii) Pitř (Mas.) → Piu - He Piura- He Pia( Vocative Singular) (2) (i) Dātņ (Adj.): (He Dátě + si)=(He Dăta+si)=(He Dāta) = He Daa (ii)Dáts (Adj.) → Dāu - He Dāa+a: He Daa (Vocative Singular) Alternatively: He Pia, He Dáá (3/48)
41.
Nămnyaram Vũ 3/40 Nämnyaram Vå ((Nämni) + (Araṁ)] Nămni (Naman) 7/1 Aram (Araṁ) 1/1 Vå - alternatively Alternatively, there is araṁ (in place ofrlin -ending Nouns. Alternatively, on having 'si'(suffix of Nominative Singular) in r-ending Nouns in Vocative case, there occurs araṁ in place of r and 'si' disappears. (1) Pit? (Mas.): (He Pitr + si) = (He Pitaraṁ+si) = (He Pitaraṁ) - He Piaraṁ (Vocative Singular)
42. Rtămudaslamatsu Vũ 3/44
tamudaspamausu Vũ [(Rtăm) + (Ud Ut ) + (A) + (Si) + (Am) + (Ausu)] Řtam (Rt) 6/3 Ut (Ut) 1/1 A = not [(Si) - (Am) - (Au) 7/3] Va = alternatively Alternatively, there is ut u in place of rt-→ļ, but on having si, am and au ahead, u does not take place.
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Alternatively, inr-ending words there is u in place of ļ. The resulting word will be inflected according to u-ending Masculine Noun, but there is no such inflection in ‘si' (suffix of Nominative Singular)‘am' (suffix of Accusative Singular) and 'au' (suffix of Nominative -Accusative Dual). Karts + u = Kartu - Kattu (1) (i) Kart? (Mas.) →Kattu (Inflection in all cases except
si, am, au) (ii)PitŢ (Mas.) →Pitu → Piu (Inflection in all cases except si, am, au)
43. Araḥ Sydau 3/45
Arah Syadau [(Si) + (Adau)] Araḥ (Ara) 1/1 [(Si) -(Adi) 7/1] On having 'si', etc. there occurs ära in place of r. On having 'si' (suffix of Nominative Singular), etc. after Adjectival ? - ending words, there occurs åra in place of r. (1) (i)Kartư (Adj.): (Karts + si, etc.) - Kartāra → Kattāra
(ii)Dát(Adj.): (Dāts + si, etc.) = Dātāra → Daara These are inflected like a - ending Masculine Nouns.
44.
A Ara Mātuh 3/46 A (A) 1/1 Arā (Arā) 1/1 Matuḥ (Mātr) 5/1 After the word Matthere occur á and ara. On having 'si', etc. after Mät? there occur a and ară in place of r. (1) (i) MátỊ (Fem.): (Mātự + si, etc.) = (Mātā+ si etc.) =
(Mää + si etc.) - Mää (ii) Māt? (Fem.): (Mātě + si, etc.) = (Mātā+ si etc.) =
(Maara + si etc.) = Māarā The declension will be according to Kahā (Hemacandra's commentary Sūtra 3/46).
et
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4 5.
Nämnyaraḥ 3/47 Nämnyaraḥ [( Nămni) + (Araḥ)] Nämni (Naman) 7/1 Araḥ (Ara) 1/1 Ins-ending nouns, 'ara'occurs. On having 'si', etc. afterị - ending Nouns, 'ara' occurs in place of r. (1) (i) Pitř (Mas.): (Pit; + si etc.) - Pitara → Piara + si etc. These are inflected according to a - ending Masculine words.
46.
A Sau Na Vå 3/48 À (A) 1/1 Sau (Si) 7/1 Na Vå - alternatively Alternatively, on having 'si', there occurs 'a' (in place of r). Alternatively, on having 'si' (suffix of Nominative Singular) after r- ending words, there occurs ‘' in place ofr. (1) (i) Pit? (Mas.): (Pitụ + si) - Pity → Pitā - Pia
(Nominative Singular) (ii) KartȚ (Adj.): (Karts + si)- Karts → Kartā - Katta
(Nominative Singular)
By applying Sūtra 3/45, 3/47 and 3/5. (1) (i) Pit? (Mas.): (Pitř + am) = (Piara+am) -Piaram
(Accusative Singular) (3/47,3/5) (ii) Karts (Adj.): (Kart? + am) = (Kartāra + am) - Kattaram
(Accusative Singular) (3/45,3/5)
000
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Section - 3
Sutras for knowing the Declension of Raja and Appa
(1)
Rāya/Rāa/ Rāyāņa - Rājā (King) Rāya/Rāa Declension according to Sūtra 3/49, 3/50, 3/51, 3/52,3/53, 3/54 and 3/55. Rāya/Rāa/ Rāyāņa Declension according to a-ending Masculine Noun. 3/49
(2)
(i) Appa/Atta (3/56) Declension according to “Rājan'
Sūtra 3/49 etc. (ii) Appa/Atta (3/56) Declension according to a-ending
Masculine Noun. (iii) Appāņa/Attāņa (3/56) Declension according to a
ending Masculine Noun. (iv) Appāņiā/ Appāņaia (3/57)as different from the
Declension of a-ending Masculine Noun.
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47. Rájñaḥ 3/49
Rājñaḥ (Rājan) 5/1 After Rajan' → Ráa Raya, å/yà occurs in place of a/ya. (3/48) Alternatively, on having 'si' (suffix of Nominative Singular) after Rāya, there occurs å/yà in place of a/ya. (1) Raya/Ráa (Mas.): (Rāya, Rāa+ si)= Raya, Råå and ‘si' disappears.
(Nominative Singular)
1. Rajan Rāja Antyavyañjanasya [(Antya) - (Vyañjana)
6/1] (Sūtra 1/11) Luk (Luk) 1/1 (Sūtra 1/10) Rāja Ráa Ka-Ga-Ca - Ja-Ta-Da-Pa-Ya-Vām Prāyo Luk 1/177 Ráa-Rāya 1/180 Avarņo Ya Śrutiḥ Avarn (Avarņa) 1/1 - Ya (Ya) Ind. Śrutiḥ (Śruti) 1/1(1/180 the a Sound becomes a ya Sound)
48. Jas-Śas-Nasi-Nasaņņo 3/50
Jas-Gas-Nasi-Nasāmņo [(Nasām) + (No)] [(Jas)-(Śas)-(Nasi)-(Nas) 6/3] No (No) 1/1 There occurs 'no' in place of 'jas' 'śas''nasi'and 'nas'. Alternatively, on having 'jas' (suffix of Nominative Plural) 'sas' (suffix of Accusative Plural) 'nasi' (suffix of Ablative Singular) and “nas' (suffix of Genitive Singular) after Rāja, there occurs ‘ņo’in place of jas' 'sas''nasi' and 'nas'. (1) (i) (Rāja + jas) = (Rāja + no)
(ii) (Rāja + śas) = (Rāja + ņo) (iii) (Rāja + nasi) = (Rája + no) (iv) (Rāja + nasa) = (Rāja + ņo)
By applying Sūtra 3/52, there occur:
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(i) (Raja + no) = (Rãi + no) - Raino (Nominative Plural) (ii) (Rāja + ņo) - (Răi + ņo) - Raiņo (Accusative Plural) (iii) (Rāja + ņo) = (Rài + ņo) Raiņo (Ablative Singular) (iv) (Rāja + ņo) - (Rāi + ņo) - Raiņo (Genitive Singular)
49.
ļoņa 3/51 ļoņā [(sah) +(Nā)] Țaḥ (Tā) 6/1 Ņa (Nā) 1/1 There occurs nå in place of ța”. Alternatively, on having 'ță' after Rāja, there occurs ‘ņā'in place of 'ță' (suffix of Instrumental Singular). Rāja: (Rāja + tā) = (Rāja + ņā)
By applying Sūtra 3/52, there occurs ‘i' alternatively in place of 'ja'. (1) (Rāja + ņā) - (Rāi + nā) Räiņā (Instrumental Singular)
50.
Irjasya Ņo-Ņā- Nau 3/52 Irjasya Ņo-Na-Nau [(Iḥ) +(Jasya)] Iḥ (1) 1/1 Jasya (Ja) 6/1 [(No) - (Ņā) - (Ni) 7/1] On having 'no', 'ņa’and 'ni'after Raja, there occurs 'i' in place of 'ja! Alternatively, on having 'no', ņā and ñi (suffix of Locative Singular) after Rāja, there occurs 'i' in place of 'ja'. Suffix ņo and ņå are explained in Sutra 3/50 and 3/51 respectively. Rāja - (Rāja + ni) - (Rái+ ni) --------------------- By applying Sūtra 3/11 and 3/128 the e is negated. Thus, ni becomes mmi. (1) (Rāi+ ñi) = (Räi+ mmi) - Räimmi (Locative Singular)
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51.
52.
56
Iṇamamāmȧ 3/53
Iṇamamāmȧ [(Iṇam) + (Amā) + (Āmā]
Inam (Inam) 1/1 Amă (Am) 3/1 Amå (Am) 3/1
Along with am' and 'am' there is ‘iņam'.
(a) When there is 'am' (suffix of Accusative Singular) after Rāja, then 'ja' inherent in Raja, alongwith 'am' becomes 'iņam' alternatively.
(1) (Rāja + am) = (Ra+ja+ am) = (Ra+ iṇam) = Rāiņaṁ (Accusative Singular) (b) When there is 'am' (suffix of Genitive Plural) after Rāja then ja' inherent in Rāja alongwith 'am' becomes 'iņam' alternatively.
(1) (Raja + am) = (Rä+ja+ am) = (Rã+ iņaṁ) = Raiņaṁ
(Genitive Plural)
3/54
İdbhisbhyasamsupi İdbhisbhyasamsupi [(Ïd →İt) + (Bhis) + (Bhyas) + (Ām)+
(Supi)]
İt (It) 1/1 [(Bhis) + (Bhyas) + (Âm) + (Sup) 7/1]
On having 'bhis',bhyas, am and 'sup' after Rāja it→i occurs in place of 'ja'.
Alternatively, on having bhis (suffix of Instrumental Plural) bhyas (suffix of Ablative Plural), 'am' (suffix of Genitive Plural) and sup (suffix of Locative Plural) after Rāja, i occurs in place of 'ja'.
(1) Rāja: (Rāja + bhis) bhis = hi, him, him (3/124)
(3/7) (3/16) (Rai + hi, him, him) = Räihi, Räihim, Raihim (Instrumental Plural)
(2) (Raja+ bhyas), bhyas = tto, o, u, hinto, sunto) (3/124)
(3/9)(3/16)
(Rai + tto, o, u, hinto, sunto) = Räitto → Raitto, Raio, Räiu, Räihinto, Räisunto (Ablative Plural)

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(3) (Rāja+ ām), ām = ṇa (3/124) (3/6)
(Rai + na) Raiņa
(Genitive Plural)
(4) (Rāja + sup), sup→ su (3/124) (3/15) (3/16) Rai + su = Raisu (Locative Plural)
53. Ajasya Ta-Nasi-Nassu Saṇānoṣvana 3/55 Ajasya Ta-Nasi-Nassu Saṇāņoṣvaṇa [(Sa)-(Nā) + (Noṣu) + (An)]
Ajasya (Aja) 6/1 [(Ţă)-(Nasi) - (Nas) 7/3]
Sa = Similarly [(Na) - (No) 7/3] Aṇ (Aṇ) 1/1
On having ta, there occurs ņā in place of ță, and on having nasi and nas, there occurs no in place of nasi and nas,and similarly, there occurs an in place of ‘aja' (inherent in Rāja). Alternatively on having tā (suffix of Instrumental Singular) after Rāja, there occurs na in place of ța and on having nasi (suffix of Ablative Singular) and nas (suffix of Genitive Singular) after Rāja, there occurs no in place of ǹasi and nas and similarly, there occurs an in place of the ‘aja' inherent in Rāja.
(1) (i) Rāja: (Raja + ṭā) = (Rāja + ná) = (Ran + nå) = Ranņā (Instrumental Singular) (ii) (Rāja + nasi) = (Raj + no) = (Ran + no) = Ranno (Ablative Singular)
(iii) (Raja + ǹas) = (Raj+ no) = (Ran + no) = Ranno (Genitive Singular)
54. Puṁsyana Āṇo Rājavacca 3/56
Pumsyana Ano Rajavacca [(Puṁsi) + (Anaḥ) + (Āṇaḥ) +
(Rajavat) + (Ca)]
Pumsi (Pums) 7/1 Anaḥ (An) 6/1 Āṇaḥ (Āṇa) 1/1
Rājavat = Similar to Rāja Ca = and
In Masculine words, there occurs 'ana' in place of 'an',and
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an inflection similar to Raja also takes place. Alternatively, in an-ending Masculine words, there occurs ‘āņa' in place of ‘an’. The inflection of such words is similar to a-ending Masculine Nouns. And there is also inflection of an-ending words similar to Rāja. (i) Ātman = Ātmāņa - Appāņa or Attåņa (inflection similar
to a-ending Masculine Noun) (ii) Rājan = Rāāņa - Rayāna (inflection similar to a- ending
Masculine Noun) (iii) Ātman - Atma - Appa or Atta (inflection similar to Rāja)
55.
Atmanașto Ņia Ņaia 3/57 Atmanasto Ņia Ņaia [(Atmanaḥ) + (Taḥ) + (Niā)] Ātmanaḥ((Ătman) 5/1 Țaḥ (Țā) 6/1 Ņiä (Niā)1/1 Ņaia (Naiā) 1/1 After åtman-tappa, ņia and ņaia occur in place of ța'. Alternatively, on having ţă after appa there occur ņia and ņaiä in place of ţă (suffix of Instrumental Singular). Appa: (Appa + tā) = (Appa + ņiā, naiā) = Appaņia, Appaņai,
(Instrumental Singular)
OOO
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Advanced Präkṛta Grammar

Section-4
Pronominal declension
not coverd
in the previous Sūtras Sūtras 3/58 to 89

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56.
Atah Sarväderderjasah 3/58 Ataḥ Sarväderderjasaḥ [(Sarva) + (Adeḥ) + (Deh) + (Jasah)] Ataḥ (At) 5/1 [(Sarva) - (Adi) 5/1] Deh (De) 1/1 Jasaḥ (Jas) 6/1 After a - ending sarva savva, de + e occurs in place of jas? On having jas after a - ending Masculine Pronouns sarva
savva, etc., de + e occurs in place of jas (suffix of Nominative Plural). (1) Savva (Mas.Pronoun): (Savva + jas) = (Savva + e) =
Savve (Nominative Plural) Similarly: Ta (He) (Mas. Pronoun): Te (Nominative Plural) Ja (Who) (Mas. Pronoun) : Je (Nominative Plural) Ka (Who) (Mas. Pronoun): Ke (Nominative Plural) Eta (This) (Mas. Pronoun): Ete/ Ee (Nominative Plural) Ima (This) (Mas. Pronoun) : Ime (Nominative Plural) Anna (Other) (Mas. Pronoun): Anne (Nominative Plural)
5 7.
Neḥ Ssim-Mmi-Tthāḥ 3/59 Neh Ssim-Mmi-Tthaḥ Neḥ (Ni) 6/1 ((Ssiṁ)-(Mmi) - (Ttha) 1/3) Ssis, mmi and ttha occur in place of 'ni'. On having ñi after a - ending Masculine Pronouns sarva
+savva, etc., there occur ssim, mmi and ttha in place of ni (suffix of Locative Singular). (1) Savva (Mas.): (Savva + ni) = (Savva +ssiṁ, mmi, ttha) = Savvassim, Savvammi, Savvattha
(Locative Singular) Similarly: Ta (He) (Mas. Pro.): Tassim, Tammi, Tattha
(Locative Singular)
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Ja (Who) (Mas. Pro.): Jassim, Jammi, Jattha
(Locative Singular) Ka (Who)(Mas. Pro.): Kassim, Kammi, Kattha
(Locative Singular) Eta (This)(Mas. Pro.): Etassim, Etammi, Etattha
(Locative Singular) Ima (This) (Mas. Pro.): Imassim, Imammi,
(Locative Singular) Imattha is negated (3/76) Anna (Other) (Mas. Pro.): Annassim, Annammi, Annattha
(Locative Singular)
58. Na Vanidametado Him 3/60
Na Vänidametado Him [(Vā) + (An) + (Idam) + (Etadaḥ → Etataḥ) + (Him)] Na Vå - alternatively An = not [(Idam) - (Etat) 5/1 ] Him (Him) 1/1 Alternatively, after idam →ima and etat eta ea, him does not occur. Alternatively, on having ni after a-ending Masculine Pronouns sarva->savva, etc., his occurs in place of ni (suffix of Locative Singular) buton having ñi after idam-ima and etat >eta ea, him does not occur. (1) Savva (Mas.): (Savva + ni) = (Savva + him) - Savvahim
(Locative Singular) Similarly: Ta (He) (Mas. Pronoun): Tahim (Locative Singular) Ja (Who) (Mas. Pronoun): Jahim (Locative Singular) Ka (Who) (Mas. Pronoun): Kahim (Locative Singular) Anna (Other) (Mas. Pronoun): Annahim (Locative Singular) According to Hemacandra's Commentary in Feminine Pronouns:
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In Kim Ka (Fem. Pronoun), Yat+Jā (Fem. Pronoun) and Tat-Tā (Fem.Pronoun) there occurs alternatively him in Locative Singular. (1) (i) Tā+him - Tähim
(Locative Singular) (ii) Jā +him - Jähim
(Locative Singular) (iii) Ka+him - Kähim
(Locative Singular)
59. Amo Desim 3/61
Āmo Desim ((Amaḥ) +(Desiṁ)] Amaḥ (Ām) 6/1 Desiṁ (Desiṁ) 1/1 There occurs desiṁ -esim in place ofám. Alternatively, on having am after a-ending Masculine Pronouns sarva->savva, etc., there occurs desiṁ esim in place of am (suffix of Genitive Plural). (1) Savva (Mas.): (Savva+ām) = (Savva + esim) - Savvesim
(Genitive Plural) Similarly: Ta (He) (Mas. Pronoun): Tesiṁ (Genitive Plural) Ja (Who) (Mas. Pronoun): Jesim (Genitive Plural) Ka (Who) (Mas. Pronoun): Kesim (Genitive Plural) Eta (This) (Mas. Pronoun) : Etesim (Genitive Plural) Ima (This) (Mas. Pronoun): Imesim (Genitive Plural) Anna (Other) (Mas. Pronoun): Annesim (Genitive Plural)
60. Kim Tadbhyam Dāsaḥ 3/62
Kim Tadbhyam Dasaḥ [(Kim) - (Tat) 5/2] Dāsaḥ (Dasa) 1/1 After kiń + ka and tat-ta, there occurs alternatively, dása →ása in place of am. Alternatively, after a - ending Masculine Pronouns kis+ka and tat->ta, there occurs alternatively dāsa → asa in place of am (suffix of Genitive Plural).
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Kim (Mas.): (Ka + ám) = (Ka + ása) - Kása (Genitive Plural) Ta (Mas.): (Ta +äm) = (Ta + ása) - Tása (Genitive Plural)
61. Kim Yattadbhyonasah 3/63
Kim Yattadbhyonasaḥ [(Yat) + (Tadbhyaḥ) + (Nasah)] [(Kim) - (Yat) - (Tat) 5/3] Nasaḥ (Nas) 6/1 After kiṁ ka, yat → ja and tat ->ta there occurs (dāsa
→ása) in place of nas. Alternatively,on having ñas after a-ending Masculine Pronouns kim ka, yat ja and tatta there occurs dāsa →åsa in place of nas (suffix of Genitive Singular). (1) (i) Ka (Mas.Pro.): (Ka + nas) = (Ka + ása) = Käsa
(Genitive Singular) (ii) Ta (Mas.Pro.): (Ta + nas) = (Ta + āsa) = Tāsa
(Genitive Singular) (iii) Ja (Mas.Pro.): (Ja + nas) = (Ja + ása) - Jasa
(Genitive Singular) According to Hemachandra's commentary on Pronouns (Sūtra 3/63), kim +ká (Fem.) and tat >tă (Fem.), there occurs alternatively dása →ása in Genitive Singular. (1) (i) Ka (Fem.Pro.) = Kasa (Genitive Singular)
(ii) Tā (Fem.Pro.) - Tása (Genitive Singular)
62.
İdbhyaḥ Ssa Se 3/64 İdbhyah (st) 5/3 Ssá (Ssā) 1/1 Se (Se) 1/1 After it-i-ending words, there occur ssa and se in place of nas. Alternatively, on having nas after Feminine Pronoun it → i- ending words, there occur ssă and se in place of nas (suffix of Genitive Singular).
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64.
By applying Sutra 1/84, the long vowel becomes a short
vowel before a conjunct consonant.
Ki (Fem.): (Ki+ nas) = (Ki + ssa, se) = Kissä, Kise
63. Nerḍahe Dalå lå Kåle
64
(Genitive Singular)
Ti (Fem.): (Ti + nas) = (Ti + ssa, se) = Tissa, Tise (Genitive Singular)
Ji (Fem.): (Ji + nas) = (Ji + ssa, se) = Jissä, Jise
3/65
Nerḍähe Dālā lā Kāle [(Neḥ) + (Dāhe)]
Neḥ (Ni) 6/1 Dahe (Dāhe) 1/1 Dālā (Dālā) 1/1 lā(lā) 1/1 Kale (Kāla) 7/1
(Genitive Singular)
There occur dähe→ ähe, ḍālā →ālā and ià in place of ǹi, when there is expressed time-sense.
Alternatively on having ni after adjectival pronoun ka, ta, and ja there occur dahe→ähe, ḍālā →→→ ȧlă and iå in place of ni (suffix of Locative Singular), when there is an expressed
time-sense.
(1) (i) Ka (Mas.): (Ka + ǹi) =(Ka + āhe, ālā, iā) = Kähe, Kālā, Kaia (Locative Singular) (ii) Ta (Mas.): (Ta + ni) (Ta + ahe, älä, ia) = Tähe, Tālā, Taia (Locative Singular) (iii) Ja (Mas.): (Ja + ni) =(Ja + ähe, ālā, ia) = Jähe, Jală, Jaiȧ (Locative Singular)
Nasermhå
3/66 Nasermha [(Naseḥ) + (Mha)]
Naseḥ (Nasi) 6/1 Mhȧ (Mha) 1/1 There occurs mha in place of nasi. Alternatively, on having nasi after a ending Masculine Pronouns ka, ta and ja there occurs mha in place of ǹasi (suffix of Ablative Singular).

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(1) (i) Ka (Mas.): (Ka + nasi) =(Ka + mhă) - Kamha
(Ablative Singular) (ii) Ta (Mas.): (Ta + nasi) = (Ta + mhā) = Tamha
(Ablative Singular) (iii) Ja (Mas.): (Ja + nasi) = (Ja + mhā) - Jamhå
(Ablative Singular)
65.
Tado Doh 3/67 Tado Doh [(Tadaḥ → Tataḥ) + (Doh)] Tataḥ (Tat) 5/1 Doh (Do) 1/1 After tat ta, there occurs do-o in place ofñasi. Alternatively, on having nasi after a - ending Masculine Pronoun ta (suffix of Ablative Singular), there occurs ‘o’in place of nasi (1) Ta (Mas.): (Ta + nasi) = (Ta + o) = To (Ablative Singular)
66.
Kimodiņo - Disau 3/68 Kimoạiņo · Disau [(Kimaḥ) + (Dino)] Kimaḥ (Kim) 5/1 [(Diņo) - (Disa) 1/2] After kim → ka there occur diņo → iņo, disa isa ( in place of nasi). On having nasi after a - ending Masculine Pronoun kim
ka, there occur dino →iņo and disa isa in place of nasi (suffix of Ablative Singular). (1) Ka (Mas.): (Ka + nasi) = (Ka + ino, īsa) - Kiņo, Kisa
(Ablative Singular)
67. Idametatkim - Yattadbhyasto Diņa 3/69
Idametatkim - Yattadbhyasto Diņā [(Idam) + (Etat) + (Kim) - (Yat) + (Tadbhyaḥ) + (Taḥ) + (Diņā)] [(Idam) - (Etat) - (Kim) - (Yat) - (Tat) 5/3] Țaḥ (Țā) 6/1 Dina (Diņā) 1/1
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After idam→ima, etat→ eta, ea, kim → ka, yat → ja and tatta there occurs diņā→ iņa in place of Ță. Alternatively, on having 'ta' after a-ending Masculine Pronouns Idam →ima, etat → eta, ea, kim →ka, yat→ja, and tat → ta, there occurs dinā→iņā in place of ță (Suffix of Instrumental Singular).
(1) (i) Ima (Mas.): (Idam → ima+ṭā) = (Ima + iņā) = Imiņā (Instrumental Singular)
(ii) Eta (Mas.): (Etat → Eta, Ea +ta) = (Eta, Ea + ina) = Etiņā, Eiņā (Instrumental Singular)
(iii) Ka (Mas.): (Kim → Ka+ṭā) = (Ka + iņā) = Kiņā (Instrumental Singular)
(iv) Ja (Mas.): (Yat→→ Ja+ṭā) = (Ja + iņā) = Jiņā (Instrumental Singular)
(v) Ta (Mas.): (Tat→→ Ta+ṭā) = (Ta + iņā) = Tiņā (Instrumental Singular)
68. Tado Naḥ Syȧdau Kvacit
Tado Naḥ Syadau Kvacit [(Si) + (Adau)]
Tataḥ (Tat) 6/1 Na (Na) 1/1 [(Si) -(Ādi) 7/1] Kvacit = sometimes
66
3/70
[(Tadaḥ → Tataḥ) + (Naḥ)]
On having si, etc., there occurs na in place oft at → ta occasionally.
On having si, etc. (Nominative Singular, and all other case suffixes) after a- ending Masculine Pronoun tat →ta, there occurs na in place of tat-ta occasionally. Na takes the same case suffixes as ta.
(1) (i) Ta (Mas.): (Ta+ si) = (Na + si) = So (3/86)
(Nominative Singular)
(ii)Ta (Mas.): (Ta+ jas) = (Na + jas) = Te, Ne (3/58)
(Nominative Plural)

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69. Kimah Kastra - Tasośca 3/71
Kimaḥ Kastra - Tasośca [(Kah) + (Tra)][(Tasoh) +(Ca)] Kimaḥ (Kim) 6/1 Kaḥ (Ka) 1/1 ((Tra) -(Tas) 7/2] Ca = And On having tra— hi, ha, ttha and tas+o, tto,do, there occurs ka in place of kim. On having si, etc. and on having tra - hi, ha,ttha and tas → o, tto, do after kim, there occurs ka in place of kim. (In ka are added case suffixes). (1) (i) Kima (Mas.): (Kim +si) →(Ka+si, etc.) = (Ka+si) = Ko (aphorism 3/2) (Ka+ jas) - Ke (aphorism 3/58 etc.) (Kim +tra) → (Ka+hi, ha, ttha) - Kahi, Kaha, Kattha
(Indeclinable) (Kim+tas)--(Ka+o,tto,do)- Kao,Katto,Kado (Indeclinable) Refer: Hemacandra's Commentary Sūtra 3/71.
70. Idama Imaḥ 3/72
Idama Imaḥ [(Idamaḥ) + (Imaḥ)] Idamaḥ (Idam) 6/1 Imaḥ (Ima) 1/1 There occurs ima in place of idam (and in Feminine there occurs imá). On having si, etc. after Masculine idam there occurs ima in place of idam. (In Feminine there occurs imā). (1) (i) Ima (Mas.): (Idam + si) = (Ima + si) = Imo
(by aphorism 3/2 there is ‘o') (Nominative Singular) (ii)Imá (Fem.): (Idam + si) = (Imā + si) - Imā 4/448
(Nominative Singular) one In this way will be added other case suffixes.
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71.
Puṁ - Striyorna Vayamimiä Sau 3/73 Puṁ - Striyorna Vayamimia Sau [(Pum-Striyoḥ) + (Na vā) +(Ayam) + (Imiā)] [(Puṁ) - (Strī) 7/2] Na Va = alternatively Ayam (Ayam) 1/1 Imia (Imiā) 1/1 Sau (Si) 7/1 Alternatively, on having si in Masculine and Feminine Pronoun (ima and imā) respectively, there occurayam,imiä respectively. Alternatively, on having si (Nominative Singular) in Masculine and Feminine Pronoun ima and imă, there occur in their place ayam (Mas.) and imia (Fem.) respectively. (1) (i) Ima (Mas.): (Ima +si) = Ayam (Nominative Singular)
(ii) Imă (Fem.): (Imā +si) = Imia (Nominative Singular)
72. Ssiṁ - Ssayorat
3/74 Ssiṁ - Ssayorat [(Ssiṁ) - (Ssayoḥ) + (At)] [(Ssiṁ)-(Ssa) 7/2] At (At) 1/1 On having ssiṁ and ssa there occurs ata lin place of ima Pronoun). Alternatively on having ssiṁ suffix after a-ending Masculine Pronoun ima in Locative Singular and on having ssa suffix after ima in Genitive Singular, there occurs 'a' in place of ima. (1) (i) Ima (Mas.): (Ima + ssiṁ) = (A + ssiṁ) = Assim
(Locative Singular) (ii) (Ima + ssa)= (A+ ssa) = Assa (Genitive Singular)
73.
Nermenahaḥ
3/75 Nermenahah [(Neh) + (Mena)] Neh (Ni) 6/1 Mena (Ma) 3/1 Haḥ (Ha) 1/1 Alternatively, there occurs ha in place of ni alongwith ma (inherent in ima).
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Alternatively, there occurs ha in place of ni (Locative Singular) along with the ma inherant in the Masculine Pronoun ima. (1) Ima (Mas.): (Ima +ñi) = (l+ ha) = Iha (Locative Singular)
74.
Na Tthaḥ
3/76 Na : not Tthaḥ (Ttha) 1/1 There does not occur ttha. There does not occur ttha suffix in Locative Singular of ima Masculine Pronoun. (Ima + ttha) - Imattha does not occur.
75.
ŅoSm Śasță • Bhisi 3/77 NoSm Sastā - Bhisi ((Naḥ) + (Am)] [(Śas) + (ļā)] Ņaḥ (Na) 1/1 ((Am) -(Śas) - (ļā) - (Bhis) 7/1] On having am, śas, ța and bhis, there occurs na. Alternatively, on having am (suffix of Accusative Singular), śas (suffix of Accusative Plural), ță (suffix of Instrumental Singular) and bhis (suffix of Instrumental Plural) after aending Masculine Pronoun ima, there occurs ņa. In ņa, case-suffixes are added. (1) (i) Ima (Mas.): (Ima → Na + am) = (Na + -- ) = Ņam (By applying Sūtra 3/5 am='=' )(Accusative Singular)
(ii) (Ima → Na+śas) = (Na + zero) - Ņa (By applying Sūtra 3/4 śas = “zero', by applying Sūtra 3/12 ņa = ņā)
(Accusative Plural) (iii) (Iman Na+śas) = (Na + zero) - Ne (By applying Sutra 3/4 śas = 'zero', by applying Sūtra 3/14 na = ņe)
(Accusative Plural) (iv)(Ima+Na+țā) = (Na+iņā) = Ņiņā (By applying Sutra 3/69 ţă = 'iņā')
(Instrumental Singular) (u) (Ima → Na+bhis) = (Na + hi, hiñ, hiṁ)Ņehi, Ņehis, Ņehim (By applying Sūtra 3/7,3/15 bhis - hi, hiỉ, him)
(Instrumental Plural)
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76. Ameņam 3/78
Ameņam ((Ama) + (Inam)] Amă (Am) 3/1 Iņam (lņam) 1/1 Alongwith am lidam-ima) becomes inam. When there is ima (Masculine and Neuter Pronoun), then ima alongwith am (suffix of Accusative Singular) becomes iņam. Ima (Mas., Neu.): (Ima+am) - Iņam (Accusative Singular)
77.
Klibe Syamedamiņamo Ca 3/79 Klibe Syamedamiņamo Ca [(Si)+(Amā)+(Idam) +(Inamo)] Klibe (Klība) 7/1 [(Si) -(Am) 3/1] Idam (Idam) 1/1 Inamo (Inamo) 1/1 Ca - And On having the Neuter Pronoun idam → ima then ima along with si and am becomes idam, inamo (and iņam). On having Neuter Pronoun ima, then ima alongwith si (suffix of Nominative Singular) and am (suffix of Accusative Singular) becomes idam, inamo and iņam. Ima (Neu.): (Ima +si) - Idam, Iñamo, lņam
(Nominative Singular) (Ima +am) - Idam, Iņamo, Iņam (Accusative Singular)
78.
Kimah Kim 3/80 Kimah (Kim) 5/1 Kim (Kim) 1/1 After kim there occurs kiṁ. When there is kim, then kim alongwith si (suffix of Nominative Singular) and am (suffix of Accusative Singular) becomes kim. Kim (Neu.): (Kim +si) - Kim (Nominative Singular) kim (Neu.): (Kim+am) - Kim (Accusative Singular)
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79. Vedam - Tadetado Nasámbhyam Se-Simau 3/81
Vedaṁ - Tadetado Nasambhyam Se - Simau [(Vā +(Idam)] [(Tad → Tat) + (Etadaḥ →Etatah)+(Nas). (Ambhyām) + (Se)] Vå - alternatively ((Idam) - (Tat) - (Etat) 5/1) [(Nas) -(Ama) 3/2][(Se) - (Sim) 1/2] Aternatively,after idam → ima, ima, tat ta, ta, etat-→ eta, etă, ea and ea there occur se and siṁ alongwith nas and am Alternatively, after idam + ima, ima, tat ta, ta, etat → eta, etă, ea and eå (Mas., Neu. and Fem. Pronoun), there occur se and siṁ along with nas (suffix of Genitive Singular) and am (suffix of Genitive Plural). (1) (i) Ima (Mas. Neu.) Ima (Fem.): (Ima, Imā +rasa) - Se
(Genitive Singular) (Ima, Imá tām) - Sim
(Genitive Plural) (ii) Ta (Mas., Neu.) Tă (Fem.) - (Ta, Tá +rasa) = Se
(Genitive Singular) (Ta, Tā tām) - Sim
(Genitive Plural) (iii) Eta (Mas. ,Neu.) Etă (Fem.) - (Eta, Etā +nasa) = Se
(Genitive Singular) (iv) (Ea, Eā +nasa) = Se
(Genitive Singular) (v) (Eta, Etā +ăm) - Sim
(Genitive Plural) (vi) (Ea, Eā + ām) - Sim
(Genitive Plural)
80. Vaitado Nasestto Ttåhe 3/82
Vaitado Nasestto Ttähe [(Vā) +(Etadaḥ → Etatah) +(Naseh) + (Tto)] Vå - alternatively Etataḥ (Etat) 5/1 Naseh (Nasi) 6/1 Tto (Tto) 1/1 Ttähe (Ttahe) 1/1 Alternatively, after etat-→ eta, there occur tto and ttahe in place of nasi.
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Alternatively, on having nasi after etat —eta (Masculine, Neuter Pronoun) and etat-etā (Feminine pronoun), there occur tto and ttåhe in place of nasi (suffix of Ablative Singular). Eta (Mas., Neu.): (Eta + rasi) = (Eta + tto, ttāhe)
By applying sutra 3/83, the ta inherent in etadisapperas: (1) (i) Eta (Mas., Neu.): (Eta + nasi) = (Eta + tto, ttähe) = Etto, Ettahe
(Ablative Singular) (ii) Etă (Fem.): (Etā → Eā + nasi) = (Eā + tto, ttāhe): Eātto
Eatto, Eattāhe-Eattåhe (Ablative Singular)
81.
Tthe Ca Tasya Luk 3/83 Tthe (Ttha) 7/1 Ca = and Tasya (Ta) 6/1 Luk (Luk) 1/1 On having ttha, ttahe and tto suffixes (after eta), there occurs the disappearance of ta (inherent in eta). Alternatively on having ttha (suffix used in the inflection of Masculine and Neuter eta in Locative Singular) and tto, ttähe (suffixes used in the inflection of Masculine and Neuter eta in Ablative Singular) after Masculine and Neuter eta, there occurs the disappearance of ta (inherent in eta). (1) (i) Eta (Mas. Neu.): (Eta + tto, ttāhe) = (E + tto, ttāhe) = Etto, Ettahe
(Ablative Singular) (ii)(Eta + ttha) = (E+ ttha) - Ettha (Locative Singular)
82.
Eraditau Mmau Vũ 3/84 Eraditau Mmau Vá ((Eh) +(At) + (İtau)] Eḥ (E) 6/1 [(At) - (it) 1/2] Mmau (Mmi) 7/1 Vå = alternatively Alternatively, on having mmi (after etat) there occur ata, iti in place of e!
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Alternatively, on having mmi (suffix used in the inflection of Masculine and Neuter eta in Locative Singular) after etat
-eta ea, there occur at →a, it →i in place of 'e'. (1) (i) Eta (Mas., Neu.): (Etatea + mmi) = (Ea+aa + mmi)
= Aammi Ayammi (Locative Singular) (ii) Eta (Mas., Neu.): (Eta →ia + mmi) = (Ea →ia + mmi)
- İammi>İyammi (Locative Singular)
83. Vaisenaminamo Sina 3/85
Vaiseñamiņamo Sinä [(Vā) +(Esa) + (lņam) + (Iņamo)] Va = alternatively Esa (Esa) 1/1 Iņam (Iņam) 1/1 lņamo (Iñamo) 1/1 Sină (Si) 3/1 Alternatively (etat >eta ea) alongwith si becomes esa, there is iņam and iņamo. Alternatively, when there is si (suffix of Nominative Singular) after Masculine and Neuter etateta ea, then ea alongwith si becomes esa, iņam and inamo in Nominative Singular. (1) Eta (Mas. ,Neu.): (Etat -->Eta → Ea + si) = Esa, Iņam, Iņamo
(Nominative Singular)
84.
Tadaśca Tasya SoSklibe 3/86 Tadasca Tasya SoSklibe [(Tadah Tatah) + (Ca)][(Sah) + (Aklibe)] Tataḥ (Tat) 5/1 Ca = and Tasya (Ta) 6/1 Saḥ (Sa) 1/1 Aklibe (Akliba) 7/1 On having si after Masculine and Feminine tat-ta, tá and (etateta , etā), there occurs sa in place of ta. On having si ( suffix of Nominative Singular) after Masculine and Feminine tatta, tä, etat->eta and etā there occurs sa in place of ta. Eta (Mas.): (Eta → Esa + si) Ta (Mas.): (Ta → Sa+si)
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Eta (Fem.): (Eta → Esă + si) Tá (Fem.): (Tā → Så + si)
By applying Sūtra 3/2, the following occur: (1) (i) Eta (Mas.): (Eta → Esa + si) = (Esa + o) = Eso
(Nominative Singular) (ii) Ta (Mas.): (Ta → Sa + si) = (Sa + o) - So
(Nominative Singular) By applying Sūtra 4/448, the following occur: (1) (i) Etă (Fem.): (Etă →Esā+si) = Eså
(Nominative Singular) (ii) Tá (Fem.): (Tå→ Să + si) = Så (Nominative Singular)
85. Vädaso Dasya HoSnodám 3/87
Vädaso Dasya HoSnodām [(Vā) +(Adasaḥ) + (Dasya)] [(Haḥ) +(An) + (Ot) + (A) +(M)] Vă - alternatively Adasaḥ (Adas) 5/1 Dasya (Da) 6/1 Haḥ (Ha) 1/1 An = not Ot (Ot) 1/1 A(Ă) 1/1 M(M) 1/1 Alternatively, after adas → ada, there occurs ha in place of da. (In aha Masculine, Feminine and Neuter Nominative Case Singular there does not occuro, a, and m -suffix). On having si (suffix of Nominative Singular) after adas → ada, there occurs ha in place of da (inherent in ada) in Masculine, Feminine and Neuter Nominative Case Singular. The inflected aha is free from o (suffix of Nominative SingularinMasculine), a (suffix of Nominative Singular in Feminine) and — (suffix of Nominative Singular in Neuter). (1) Adas (Mas. , Neu. , Fem.): (Adas →Ada + si) = Aha
(Nominative Singular)
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86.
Muḥ Syadau 3/88 Muḥ Syadau [(Si) +((Adau)] Muḥ (Mu) 1/1 [(Si) -((Adi) 7/1] On having si ,etc. (after ada), there occurs mu (in place of da). On having si, etc. (Nominative Singular etc.) after ada (Mas., Fem. Neu. Pronoun), there occurs mu in place of da in all cases Singular and Plural.
------------- By applying Sūtra 3/19, the following occurs: (1) Ada (Mas.): (Ada → Amu + si) - Amů
(Nominative Singular) By applying Sūtra 3/25, the following occurs: (1) Ada (Neu.): (Ada → Amu + si) - Amum
(Nominative Singular) By applying Sutra 3/19, the following occurs: (1) Ada (Fem.): (Ada → Amu + si) - Amů
(Nominative Singular)
87. Mmāvateau Vũ 3/89
Mmávayeau Vá [(Mmau) +(Aya) + (lau)] Mmau (Mmi) 7/1 [(Aya) - (la)] 1/2] Vå - alternatively Alternatively, on having mmi (after ada) there occur aya and ia (in place of ada). Alternatively on having mmi (suffix of Locative Singular) in a-ending Masculine and Neuter, there occur in Masculine and Neuter aya and ia in place of ada. (1) Ada (Mas. , Neu.): (Ada Aya, la + mmi) = Ayammi, lammi
(Locative Singular)
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Section - 5 Sūtras for Knowing the declension
-
of
Personal Pronouns: Amha and Tumha
Sūtras 3/ 90 to 3/117
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88.
Yuşmadastam Tum Tuvaṁ Tuha Tumam Siná 3/90 Yuşmadastam Tum Tuvam Tuha Tumam Sina [(Yuşmadah) + (Tam)] Yuşmadaḥ (Yuşmad) 5/1 Taṁ (Taṁ) 1/1 Tuṁ (Tum) 1/1 Tuvaṁ (Tuvaṁ) 1/1 Tuha (Tuha) 1/1 Tumam (Tumam) 1/1 Sină (Si) 3/1 After yuşmad + tumha, if there occurs si, then tumha alongwith si becomes ta, tum, tuvaṁ, tuha and tumas. When there is si (suffix of Nominative Singular) after tumha, then tumha along with si becomes tań, tus, tuvam, tuha and tumam. Yuşmad → Tumha (Mas. , Neu. , Fem.): ( Tumha +si) = Tam, Tum, Tuvam, Tuha, Tumaṁ (Nominative Singular)
Bhe Tubbhe Tujjha Tumha Tuyhe Uyhe Jasā 3/91 Bhe (Bhe) 1/1 Tubbhe (Tubbhe) 1/1 Tujjha (Tujjha) 1/1 Tumha (Tumha) 1/1 Tuyhe (Tuyhe) 1/1 Uyhe (Uyhe) 1/1 Jasă (Jas) 3/1 After yuşmad → tumha, if there occurs jas, then tumha alongwith jas becomes bhe, tubbhe, tujjha, tumha, tuyhe, and uyhe. When there is jas (suffix of Nominative Plural) after tumha, then tumha alongwith jas becomes bhe,tubbhe, tujjha, tumha, tuyhe and uyhe. Yuşmad → Tumha (Mas., Neu., Fem.): ( Tumha + jas) = Bhe, Tubbhe, Tujjha, Tumha, Tuyhe, Uyhe
(Nominative Plural)
90., Tam Tum Tumam Tuvam Tuha Tume Tue Amá 3/92
Tam (Taṁ) 1/1 Tuṁ (Tum) 1/1 Tumam (Tumam) 1/1 Tuvam (Tuvaṁ) 1/1 Tuha(Tuha) 1/1 Tume (Tume) 1/1 Tue (Tue) 1/1 Amā (Am) 3/1
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After yuşmad - tumha, if there occurs am, then tumha alongwith am becomes tań, tuń, tumam,tuvař, tuha, tume, and tue. When there is am (suffix of Accusative Singular) after tumha, then tumha alongwith am becomes tam, tuń, tumam, tuvař, tuha, tume and tue. Tumha (Mas., Neu. , Fem.); ( Tumha + am) = Tam, Tum, Tumam, Tuvam, Tuha, Tume, Tue (Accusative Singular)
91.
Vo Tujjha Tubbhe Tuyhe Uyhe Bhe Śasă 3793 Vo (Vo) 1/1 Tujjha (Tujjha) 1/1 Tubbhe (Tubbhe) 1/1 Tuyhe (Tuyhe) 1/1 Vyhe (Uyhe) 1/1 Bhe (Bhe) 1/1 Śasă (sas) 3/1 After yuşmad + tumha, if there occurs sas, then tumha alongwith śas becomes vo, tujjha, tubbhe, tuyhe, uyhe and bhe. When there is sas (suffix of Accusative Plural) after tumha, then tumha along with śas becomes vo, tujjha, tubbhe,tuyhe, uyhe and bhe. Tumha (Mas., Neu. , Fem.): (Tumha +śas) = Vo, Tujjha, Tubbhe,Tuyhe, Vyhe, Bhe (Accusative Plural)
92.
Bhe Di De Te Tai Tae Tumam Tumai Tumae Tume Tumai ļā
3/94 Bhe (Bhe) 1/1 Di (Di) 1/1 De (De) 1/1 Te (Te)1/1 Tai (Tai) 1/1 Tae (Tae) 1/1 Tumaṁ (Tumaṁ) 1/1 Tumai (Tumai) 1/1 Tumae (Tumae) 1/1 Tume (Tume) 1/1 Tumai (Tumāi) 1/1 Ță (Tā) 3/1 After yuşmad → tumha, if there occurs ta, then tumha along with tå becomes bhe, di, de, te, tai, tae,tumaṁ, tumai, tumae, tume and tumāi. When there is ţă (Instrumental Singular) after tumha, then
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tumha along with ţă becomes bhe, di, de, te, tai, tae,tumam, tumai, tumae, tume and tumãi. Tumha (Mas. , Neu. , Fem.): (Tumha + tā) - Bhe, Di, De, Te, Tai, Tae,Tumam, Tumai, Tumae, Tume, Tumai
(Instrumental Singular) 93. Bhe Tubbhehim Ujjhehim Umhehim Tuyhehim Uyhehim Bhisă
3/95 Bhe (Bhe) 1/1 Tubbhehiṁ (Tubbhehiṁ) 1/1 Ujjhehim (Ujjhehim) 1/1 Umhehim (Umhehiṁ) 1/1 Tuyhehim (Tuyhehiṁ) 1/1 Uyhehim (Uyhehim) 1/1 Bhisā (Bhis) 3/1 After yuşmad— tumha, if there occurs bhis, then tumha alongwith bhis becomes bhe, tubbhehiń, ujjhehis, umhehiĩ, tuyhehiṁ and uyhehiń. When there is bhis (suffix of Instrumental Plural) after tumha, then tumha along with bhis becomes bhe, tubbhehim, ujjhehim, umhehim, tuyhehiṁ and uyhehim. Tumha (Mas. , Neu. , Fem.): (Tumha +bhis) - Bhe, Tubbhehim, Ujjhehim, Umhehim, Tuyhehim, Uyhehim
(Instrumental Plural)
94. Tai - Tuva - Tuma - Tuha - Tubbha Nasau 3/96
Tai - Tuva • Tuma - Tuha ((Tubbhâḥ) +(Nasau)] [(Tai) - (Tuva) - (Tuma) - (Tuha) - (Tubbha) 1/3] Nasau (Nasi) 7/1 On having nasi after tumha, there occur tai, tuva, tuma, tuha and tubbha in place of tumha. On having nasi (suffix of Ablative Singular) after tumha' there occur tai, tuva, tuma, tuha and tubbha in place of tumha.
1. Refer to Hemacandra's Commentary Sūtra 3/96
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Tumha (Mas. , Neu. , Fem.): (Tumha +nasi) = (Tai, Tuva, Tuma, Tuha, Tubbha + nasi) By applying Sutra 3/8 and 3/12, the following occur: (Tai +tto, o, u, hinto) Taitto, Taio, (In i-ending 'zero', hi are negated) Taiu, Taihinto, (Tuva +tto, o, u, hi, hinto, zero) - Tuvatto, Tuvao, Tuvāu, Tuvāhi, Tuvähinto, Tuvā (Tuma +tto, o, u, hi, hinto, zero) - Tumatto, Tumão, Tumău, Tumahi, Tumahinto, Tumā (Tuha+tto, o, u, hi, hinto, zero) = Tuhatto, Tuhảo, Tuhau, Tuhāhi, Tuhāhinto, Tuhá (Tubbha +tto, o, u, hi, hinto, zero) - Tubbhatto, Tubbhão, Tubbhāu, Tubbhāhi, Tubbhähinto, Tubbhå
(Ablative Singular)
95.
Tuyha Tubbha Tahinto Nasina 3/97 Tuyha (Tuyha) 1/1 Tubbha (Tubbha) 1/1 Tahinto (Tahinto)1/1 Nasina (Nasi) 3/1 Yuşmad tumha, along with nasi becomes tuyha, tubbha and tahinto. When there is nasi (suffix of Ablative Singular) after tumha, then tumha along with nasi becomes tuyha, tubbha and tahinto. Tumha (Mas., Neu., Fem.): (Tumha+nasi) - Tuyha,
Tubbha, Tahinto (Ablative Singular)
96.
Tubbha - Tuyhoyhomha Bhyasi 3/98 Tubbha - Tuyhoyhomha Bhyasi [(Tuyha) +(Uyha) + (Umhāḥ) + (Bhyasi)] [(Tubbha) - (Tuyha) - (Uyha) - (Umha) 1/3]Bhyasi (Bhyas) 7/1 On having bhyas (after tumha) there occur tubbha, tuyha, uyha and umha (in place of tumha).
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On having bhyas (suffix of Ablative Plural) after tumha, there occur tubbha, tuyha, uyha and umha in place of tumha. Tumha (Mas. , Neu. , Fem.): (Tumha + bhyas) = (Tubbha, Tuyha, Uyha, Umha + bhyas)
--
-
-
--
-
-
By applying Sūtra 3/9, 3/12, 3/13 and 3/15, the following occur: (Tubbha +tto, o, u, hi, hinto, sunto) - Tubbhatto, Tubbhão, Tubbhåu, Tubbhāhi, Tubbhähinto, Tubbhåsunto, Tubbhehi etc. (Tuyha +tto, o, u, hi, hinto, sunto) - Tuyhatto, Tuyhão, Tuyhâu, Tuyhähi, Tuyhähinto, Tuyhasunto. Tuyhehi
etc.
(Uyha +tto, o, u, hi, hinto, sunto) = Uyhatto, Vyhảo, Uyhâu, Uyhāhi, Vyhähinto, Uyhásunto, Uyhehi etc. (Umha +tto, o, u, hi, hinto, sunto) - Umhatto, Umhảo, Umhāu, Umhähi, Umhähinto, Umhäsunto, Umhehi etc.
(Ablative Plural)
97.
Tai-Tu-Te-Tumham-Tuha- Tuham-Tuva-Tuma. Tume. Tumo- Tumai-Di-De-I-E Tubbhobbhoyhá Nasa
3/99 Tubbhobbhoyhá Nasa ((Tubbha) +(Ubbha) + (Uyhāḥ) + (Nasā) ] [(Tai)-(Tu)-(Te)-(Tumhaṁ)-(Tuha). (Tuhaṁ)-(Tuva). (Tuma)- (Tume). (Tumo)-(Tumãi) - (Di)- (De)-(1)-(E). (Tubbha)-(Ubbha)-(Uyha) 1/3] Nasa (Nas) 3/1 Yuşmad +tumha, along with nas becomes tai, tu, te, tumhas, tuha, tuhas, tuva, tuma, tume, tumo, tumai, di, de, i, e, tubbha, ubbha and uyha. When there is nas (suffix of Genitive Singular) after tumha, then tumha along with nas becomes tai, tu,te, tumham, tuha,
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98.
99.
82
tuham, tuva, tuma, tume, tumo, tumãi, di, de, i, e, tubbha, ubbha and uyha.
Tumha (Mas., Neu., Fem.): (Tumha +ñas) = Tai, Tu, Te, Tumham, Tuha, Tuhaṁ, Tuva, Tuma, Tume, Tumo, Tumai, Di, De, I, E, Tubbha, Ubbha, Uyha
(Genitive Singular) Tu Vo Bhe Tubbha Tubbham Tubbhāṇa Tuvāṇa Tumāņa Tuhaṇa Umhāņa Āmā 3/100 Tu (Tu) 1/1 Vo (Vo) 1/1 Bhe (Bhe) 1/1 Tubbha (Tubbha) 1/1 Tubbham (Tubbham) 1/1 Tubbhāṇa (Tubbhāṇa) 1/1 Tuvāņa (Tuvāṇa) 1/1 Tumaņa (Tumāṇa) 1/1 Tuhaṇa (Tuhāṇa) 1/1 Umhāņa (Umhāṇa) 1/1 Åmå (Am) 3/1
Yuşmad→tumha, along with am becomes tu, vo, bhe, tubbha, tubbham, tubbhāṇa, tuvāṇa, tumāṇa, tuhaṇa and umhāṇa.
When there is am (suffix of Genitive Plural) after tumha, then tumha alongwith am becomes tu,vo,bhe,tubbha, tubbham, tubbhāṇa, tuvāṇa, tumāṇa, tuhāṇa and umhāṇa. Tumha (Mas., Neu., Fem.): (Tumha +am) Tu, Vo, Bhe, Tubbha, Tubbham, Tubbhāņa, Tuvāņa, Tumāņa, Tuhaṇa, Umhāṇa, (Genitive Plural)
Tume Tumae Tumai Tai Tae Ninā 3/101 Tume (Tume) 1/1 Tumae (Tumae) 1/1 Tumai (Tumai) 1/1 Tai (Tai) 1/1 Tae (Tae) 1/1 Nina (Ni) 3/1
Yuşmad→ tumha, along with ni becomes tume, tumae, tumai, tai and tae.
When there is ni (suffix of Locative Singular) after tumha, then tumha alongwith ǹi becomes tume, tumae, tumai, tai and
tae.
Tumha (Mas., Neu., Fem.): (Tumha +ni) = Tume, Tumae, Tumai, Tai, Tae (Locative Singular)

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100. Tu-Tuva-Tuma-Tuha-Tubbhā Nau 3/102 Tubbha Nau [(Tubbhāḥ) + (Nau) ]
[(Tu)-(Tuva)-(Tuma)-(Tuha)-(Tubbha)- 1/3] Nau (Ni)
7/1
On having ni after tumha, there occur tu,tuva, tuma, tuha, and tubbha in place of tumha.
On having ni (suffix of Locative Singular) after tumha, there occur tu, tuva, tuma, tuha and tubbha in place of tumha. Tumha (Mas., Neu., Fem.): (Tumha +ni) = (Tu, Tuva, Tuma, Tuha, Tubbha + ni)
By applying Sutra 3/59, the following occur:
(Tu+mmi) = Tummi
(Tuva +mmi, ssim, ttha) = Tuvammi, Tuvassim, Tuvattha (Tuma +mmi, ssim, ttha) = Tumammi, Tumassim,
Tumattha
(Tuha +mmi, ssim, ttha) = Tuhammi, Tuhassim, Tuhattha (Tubbha +mmi, ssim, ttha) = Tubbhammi, Tubbhassim, Tubbhattha (Locative Singular)
101. Supi
3/103
Supi (Sup) 7/1
On having sup→su after tumha, there occur tu, tuva, tuma, tuha and tubbha in place of tumha.
On having sup→su (suffix of Locative Plural) after tumha, there occur tu, tuva, tuma, tuha and tubbha in place of tumha.
By applying Sutra 3/15, the following occur: Tumha (Mas., Neu., Fem.): (Tumha +su) (Tu, Tuva, Tuma, Tuha, Tubbha+ su) Tusu, Tuvesu, Tumesu, Tuhesu, Tubbhesu (Locative Plural)
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102. Bbho Mha - Jjhau Vā
3/104 Bbho Mha • Jjhau Va [Bbhah) +(Mha)] Bbhaḥ (Bbha) 1/1 [(Mha) - (Jjha)1/2] Vä - alternatively Alternatively, on having tubbha linflection of tumha) there occur mha and jjha in place of bbha inherent in tubbha. Alternatively, on having tubbha (inflection of tumha) there occur (in Dative, Ablative, Genitive and Locative Singular and Plural cases) mha and jjha in place of bbha inherent in tubbha. Tumha (Mas. , Neu., Fem.): Tubbha + tumha, tujjha Inflection of Dative Singular: Tumha, Tujjha etc. Inflection of Dative Plural: Tumhåņa, Tujjhåņa. Inflection of Ablative Singular : Tumhatto, Tujjhatto etc. Inflection of Ablative Plural : Tumhatto, Tujjhatto etc. Inflection of Genitive Singular: Tumha, Tujjha etc. Inflection of Genitive Plural: Tumhäņa, Tujjhāņa. Inflection of Locative Singular: Tumhammi, Tujjhammi
etc. Inflection of Locative Plural: Tumhesu, Tujjhesu.
103. Asmadommi Ammi Amhi Ham Aham Ahayam Sina
3/105 Asmadommi Ammi Amhi Ham Aham Ahayaṁ Sina [(Asmadaḥ) + (Mmi) Asmadaḥ (Asmad) 5/1 Mmi (Mmi) 1/1 Ammi (Ammi) 1/1 Amhi (Amhi) 1/1 Ham (Ham) 1/1 Ahaṁ (Ahaṁ) 1/1 Ahayaṁ (Ahayam) 1/1 Sina (Si) 3/1 After asmad+amha, if there is si,then amha alongwith si becomes mmi, ammi, amhi, haṁ, ahaṁ and ahayaṁ. When there is si (suffix of Locative Plural) Nominative Singular) after amha, then amha alongwith si becomes mmi, ammi, amhi, ham, aham and ahayaṁ.
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Amha (Mas., Neu. , Fem.): (Amha+si) = Mmi, Ammi, Amhi, Ham, Aham, Ahayam
(Nominative Singular)
104. Amha Amhe Amho Mo Vayaṁ Bhe Jasă 3/106
Amha (Amha) 1/1 Amhe (Amhe) 1/1 Amho (Amho) 1/1 Mo(Mo) 1/1 Vayaṁ (Vayam) 1/1 Bhe (Bhe) 1/1 Jasă (Jas) 3/1 After asmad-amha, if there is jas, then amha alongwith jas becomes amha, amhe, amho, mo, vayas and bhe. When there is jas (suffix of Nominative Plural) after amha, then amha alongwith jas becomes amha, amhe, amho, mo, vayam and bhe. Amha (Mas., Neu., Fem.): ( Amha +jas) = Amha, Amhe, Amho, Mo, Vayam, Bhe
(Nominative Plural)
105. Ne Naṁ Mi Ammi Amha Mamha Mam Mamam Mimam Aham Amā
3/107 Ņe (Ne) 1/1 Ņam (Naṁ) 1/1 Mi (Mi) 1/1 Ammi (Ammi) 1/1 Amha (Amha) 1/1 Mamha (Mamha) 1/1 Mam (Mam) 1/1 Mamaṁ (Mamaṁ) 1/1 Mimaṁ (Mimam) 1/1 Aham (Ahaṁ) 1/1 Amā (Am) 3/1 After asmad-amha, if there is am, then amha alongwith am becomes ne, naṁ, mi, ammi, amha, mamha, maṁ, mamań, mimam and ahaṁ. When there is am (Accusative Singular) after amha, then amha alongwith am becomes ne, naṁ, mi, ammi, amha, mamha, mam, mamaṁ, mimaṁ and ahań. Amha (Mas., Neu., Fem.): ( Amha + am) - Ņe, Ņam, Mi, Ammi, Amha, Mamha, Mam, Mamaṁ, Mimam, Aham
(Accusative Singular)
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106. Amhe Amho Amha Ne Sasă 3/108
Amhe (Amhe) 1/1 Amho (Amho) 1/1 Amha (Amha) 1/1 Ne (Ne) 1/1 Śasă (sas) 3/1 After asmad-amha, if there is sas, then amha alongwith śas becomes amhe, amho, amha and ņe. When there is śas (suffix of Accusative Plural) after amha, then amha alongwith śas becomes amhe, amho,amha and ne. Amha (Mas. , Neu. , Fem.): (Amha +śas) - Amhe, Amho, Amha, Ņe
(Accusative Plural)
107. Mi Me Mamaṁ Mamae Mamãi Mai Mae Mayai Ne Та
3/109 Mi (Mi) 1/1 Me (Me) 1/1 Mamaṁ (Mamaṁ) 1/1 Mamae (Mamae) 1/1 Mamãi (Mamãi)1/1 Mai (Mai) 1/1 Mae (Mae) 1/1 Mayái (Mayāi) 1/1 Ņe (Ne) 1/1 Ță (Ta) 3/1 After asmad-amha if there is ță, then amha alongwith ta becomes mi, me, mamaṁ, mamae, mamai, mai, mae, mayāi, and ne. When there is ţă (suffix of Instrumental Singular) after amha, then amha alongwith ţă becomes mi, me, mamaṁ, mamae, mamãi, mai, mae, mayāi and ne. Amha (Mas. , Neu. , Fem.): (Amha +ţă) - Mi, Me, Mamam, Mamae, Mamai, Mai, Mae, Mayai, Ņe
(Instrumental Singular)
108. Amhehi Amhāhi Amha Amhe Ne Bhisă 3/110
Amhehi (Amhehi) 1/1 Amhåhi (Amhāhi ) 1/1 Amha (Amha) 1/1 Amhe (Amhe) 1/1 Ne (Ne) 1/1 Bhisa (Bhis) 3/1 After asmad-amha, if there is bhis, then amha alongwith bhis becomes amhehi, amhāhi, amha, amhe and ņe.
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When there is bhis (suffix of Instrumental Plural) after amha, then amha alongwith bhis becomes amhehi, amhāhi,amha, amhe, ne.
Amha (Mas., Neu., Fem.): (Amha +bhis) = Amhehi, Amhahi, Amha, Amhe, Ne (Instrumental Plural)
109. Mai - Mama - Maha - Majjhānasau
Mai - Mama - Maha - Majjhānasau [(Majjhāḥ) +(Nasau)] [(Mai) - (Mama) - (Maha) - (Majjha) 1/3] Nasau (Nasi)
7/1
On having nasi after amha, there occur mai, mama, maha, and majjha in place of amha.
On having nasi (suffix of Ablative Singular) after amha1 there occur mai, mama, maha and majjha in place of amha. Amha (Mas., Neu., Fem.): (Amha +nasi) = (Mai, Mama, Maha, Majjha + nasi)
By applying Sütra 3/8 and 3/12, the following occur: (Mai +tto, o, u, hinto) Maitto, Maio, (In i-ending 'zero', hi disappear) Maiu, Maihinto, (Ablative Singular) (Mama +tto, o, u, hi, hinto, zero) = Mamatto, Mamão, Mamȧu, Mamähi, Mamähinto, Mama (Ablative Singular) (Maha +tto, o, u, hi, hinto, zero) = Mahatto, Mahão, Mahau, Mahahi, Mahāhinto, Maha (Ablative Singular)
1. Refer to Hemacandra Commentary Sutra 3/111. (Majjha +tto, o, u, hi, hinto, zero) Majjhatto, Majjhão, Majjhau, Majjhähi, Majjhähinto, Majjha
(Ablative Singular)
110. Mamămhau Bhyasi
3/111
Mamǎmhau Bhyasi [(Mama) + (Amhau)]
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[(Mama) - (Amha) 1/2] Bhyasi (Bhyas) 7/1 On having bhyas after amha, there occur mama and amha in place of amha. On having bhyas (suffix of Ablative Plural) after amha there occur mama, amha in place of amha. Amha (Mas. , Neu., Fem.): (Amha + bhyas) = (Mama, Amha +bhyas)
--
----
---
By applying Sūtra 3/9, 3/12,3/13, 3/15, the following occur: (Mama +tto, o, u, hi, hinto, sunto): Mamatto, Mamão, Mamău, Mamähi, Mamāhinto, Mamāsunto etc.
(Ablative Plural) (Amha +tto, o, u, hi, hinto, sunto) - Amhatto, Amhão, Amhau, Amhāhi, Amhähinto, Amhásunto
(Ablative Plural)
111. Me Mai Mama Maha Mahaṁ Majjha Majjham Amha Amham Naså
3/113 Me (Me) 1/1 Mai ( (Mai) 1/1Mama (Mama) 1/1 Maha (Maha) 1/1 Maham (Mahaṁ)1/1 Majjha (Majjha) 1/1 Majjham (Majjham)1/1Amha (Amha) 1/1 Amham (Amhaṁ) 1/1 Nasa (Nas) 3/1 After asmad amha, if there is nas, then amha alongwith nas becomes me, mai, mama, maha, mahań, majjha, majjhaṁ, amha and amhaṁ. When there is nas (suffix of Genitive Singular) after amha, then amha alongwith nas becomes me, mai, mama, maha, maham, majjha, majjham, amha and amham. Amha (Mas. , Neu., Fem.): (Amha +nas) = Me, Mai, Mama, Maha, Maham, Majjha, Majjham, Amha, Amham
(Genitive Singular)
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112. Ne No Majjha Amha Amhaṁ Amhe Amho Amhāņa Mamana Mahāṇa Majjhāņa Āmā 3/114 Ne (Ne) 1/1 No (No) 1/1 Majjha (Majjha) 1/1 Amha (Amha) 1/1 Amhaṁ (Amham) 1/1 Amhe (Amhe) 1/1 Amho (Amho) 1/1 Amhaṇa (Amhāṇa) 1/1 Mamaņa (Mamāṇa) 1/1 Mahāṇa (Mahāṇa) 1/1 Majjhāṇa (Majjhāṇa) 1/1 Āmå (Am) 3/1
After asmad→ amha, if there is am,then amha alongwith ám becomes ne, no, majjha, amha, amham, amhe, amho, amhāṇa, mamāṇa, mahāṇa and majjhāṇa.
When there is am (suffix of Genitive Plural) after amha, then amha alongwith am becomes ne, no, majjha, amha, amhaṁ, amhe, amho, amhāṇa, mamāņa, mahāṇa and majjhāṇa. Amha (Mas., Neu., Fem.): (Amha +ām) Ne, No, Majjha, Amha, Amham, Amhe, Amho, Amhāņa,Mamāņa, Mahāṇa, Majjhāṇa, (Genitive Plural)
113. Mi Mai Mamai Mae Me Ninȧ
3/115
Mi (Mi) 1/1 Mai (Mai) 1/1 Mamãi (Mamãi) 1/1 Mae (Mae) 1/1 Me (Me) 1/1 Ninā (Ni) 3/1
After asmad→ amha, if there is ǹi, then amha alongwith ni becomes mi, mai, mamãi, mae and me.
=
When there is ǹi (suffix of Locative Singular) aftetr Amha, then amha alongwith ni becomes mi, mai, mamãi, mae and
me.
Amha (Mas., Neu., Fem.): (Amha +ni) = Mi, Mai, Mamai, Mae, Me (Locative Singular)
114. Amha-Mama-Maha-Majjhānau
3/116 Amha-Mama-Maha-Majjhānau [(Majjhāḥ) + (Nau)] [(Amha)- (Mama)-(Maha)-(Majjha) 1/3] Nau (Ňi) 7 / 1 On having ni after amha, there occur amha, mama, maha, and majjha in place of amha.
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On having ni (suffix of Locative Singular) after amha, there occur amha, mama, maha and majjha in place of amha. Amha (Mas., Neu. ,Fem.): (Amha+ni) = (Amha, Mama, Maha, Majjha+ni)
-------------------------- By applying Sūtra 3/59, the following occur: * (Amha +mmi, ssim, ttha) - Amhammi, Amhassim,
Amhattha (Mama +mmi, ssiṁ, ttha) - Mamammi, Mamassim,
Mamattha (Maha +mmi, ssim, ttha) = Mahammi, Mahassim,
Mahattha (Majjha +mmi, ssim, ttha) - Majjhammi, Majjhassim,
Majjhattha ( Locative Singular)
115. Supi 3/117
Supi (Sup) 7/1 On having sup+su after amha, there occur amha, mama, maha and majjha in place of amha. On having sup+su (suffix of Locative Plural) after amha, there occur amha, mama, maha, majjha in place of amha. Amha (Mas. , Neu. , Fem.): (Amha, Mama, Maha, Majjha
+ su)
By applying Sutra 3/15, the following occur: (Amha+su) - Amhesu
(Locative Plural) (Mama+su) -Mamesu
(Locative Plural) (Maha+su) - Mahesu
(Locative Plural) (Majjha +su) - Majjhesu
(Locative Plural)
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Section - 6 Sūtras for knowing Declension
of Numerals:
Cardinal Numerals Do (Two), Ti (Three), Cau (Four), Pañca (Five)
Sūtras 3/ 118 to 123
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116. Tresti Tộtiyadau 3/118
Tresti Tștiyadau [(Treḥ) + (Ti) ] [(Tytīyā) + (Ādau)] Třeh (Tri) 6/1 Ti (Tī) 1/1 [(Tytīyā) + (Adi) 7/1] On having Instrumental Cases, etc. Plural Number, there occurs ti in place of tři. On having Instrumental, Dative, Ablative, Genitive, Locative Cases Plural Number after tội, there occurs ti in place of tři.
By applying Sūtra 3/124 and 3/7, the following occur: (1) Tri Ti (Mas.): (Tri Ti+bhis) - Tihi, Tihim, Tihiń
(Instrumental Plural) By applying Sūtra 3/1 24 and 3/9, the following occur: (2) (Ti +bhyas) = Titto, Tio, Tiu, Tihinto, Tisunto
(Ablative Plural) By applying Sūtra 3/123, the following occurs: (3) (Ti +bhyas, ām) = Tiņha (Dative, Genitive Plural) By applying Sūtra 4/448 and 1/27, the following occurs: (4) (Ti +sup) - Tisu
(Locative Plural)
117. Dverdo Ve 3/119
Dverdo Ve [(Dveh) + (Do)] Dveh (Dvi) 6/1 Do (Do) 1/1 Velve) 1/1 Do and Ve occur in place of Dvi. On having Instrumental, Ablative, Genitive and Locative Cases Plural Number after dvi , there occur do and ve in place of dvi.
By applying Sutra 3/124 and 3/7, the following occur. (1) Dvi → Do, Ve (Do, Ve +bhis) - Dohi, Dohim, Dohiń, Vehi, Vehim, Vehiń
(Instrumental Plural) By applying Sutra 3/1 24 and 3/9, the following occur. (2)(Do, Ve+bhyas) - Dutto, Doo, Dou, Dohinto, Dosunto,
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Vitto, Veo, Veu, Vehinto, Vesunto (Ablative Plural) By applying Sūtra 3/123 and 1/27, the following occur. (3) (Do, Ve + am) - Doṇha, Veņha, Donham, Venham (Genitive Plural) By applying Sūtra 4/448 and 1/27, the following occur. (4) (Do, Ve +su) = Dosu, Vesu, Dosum, Vesum
(Locative Plural)
118. Duve Donni Venni Ca Jas-Śasā
3/120
Duve (Duve) 1/1 Donni (Donni) 1/1 Venni (Venni) 1/1 Ca = And [(Jas)-(Śas) 3/11
Do and ve alongwith jas and śas become duve, donni, venni and in addition to these do and ve also occur.
When there is jas (suffix of Nominative Plural) sas (suffix of Accusative Plural) after do and ve, and alongwith jas and sas they become duve, donni, venni. In addition, do and ve also occur.
=
Dvi Do, Ve (Do and ve+jas) = Duve, Donni, Veņņi, Do, Ve, Dunni, Viņņi (Nominative Plural) (Do and ve +sas) - Duve, Donni, Veņņi, Do, Ve, Dunni, Viņņi (Accusative Plural) Refer: (Hemacandra's Commentary also indicates Dunni, Vinni)
119. Trestinniḥ
3/121
Trestiņņiḥ [(Treḥ) + (Tinni)]
Treḥ (Tri) 5/1 Tinniḥ (Tinnih) 1/1
After tri→ ti, if there are jas and śas, then ti alongwith jas and sas becomes tiņņi.
When there are jas (suffix of Nominative Plural) and sas (suffix of Accusative Plural) after tri→ ti, then ti alongwith jas and sas becomes tiņņi. Tri - (Tri→ Ti +jas) = Tiņņi Tri (Tri→ Ti +śas) = Tiņņi
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120. Caturaścattaro Cauro Cattari
3/122
Caturaścattaro Cauro Cattäri [(Caturaḥ) + (Cattaro)] Caturaḥ (Catur) 5/1 Cattaro (Cattaro) 1/1 Cauro (Cauro) 1/1 Cattäri (Catări) 1/1
After catur cau, if there are jas and sas, then cau alongwith jas and śas becomes cattaro, cauro, cattări.
When there is jas (suffix of Nominative Plural) sas (suffix of Accusative Plural) after catur →→cau, then cau alongwith jas and sas becomes cattaro, cauro, cattāri. Catur-(Catur
Cau +jas) Cattaro, Cauro,Cattäri (Nominative Plural)
94
(Catur Cau +sas) = Cattaro, Cauro, Cattari
121. Samkhyāyāmoṇha Ṇham 3/123
Samkhyayamonha Ṇham [(Saṁkhyāyāḥ) + (Āmaḥ) +
(Accusative Plural)
(Nha)]
Samkhyāyāḥ (Samkhyā) 5/1 Amaḥ (Ām) 6/1 Ṇha (Nha) 1 / 1 Nham (Nham) 1/1
After Numerals there occur, nha and phaṁ in place of am. On having ȧm (suffix of Genitive Plural) after Numerals up to eighteen there occur, nha and pham in place of ȧm. (Do, Ve +ām) = Donha, Donham, Dunha, Dunham, Veṇha, Venham (Genitive Plural)
(Genitive Plural)
(Ti +ām) = Tinha, Tinhaṁ (Catur →→Cau +am) Caunha, Caunham (Genitive Plural) In the Same way:
=

Pañcaṇha, Pañcaṇhaṁ, Chaņṇha, Chaṇham, Sattanha, Sattaṇham, Atthanha, Aṭṭhaṇham, Navaṇha, Navaṇham, Dahaṇha, Dahaṇham, Dasanha, Dasaṇham, Eyȧrahaṇha, Eyȧrahaṇham, Barahaṇha, Bārahaṇham, Terahaṇha, Terahaṇham, Cauddaṇha,
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Cauddanhaṁ, Paņņarahaņha, Paņņarahanham, Solahanha, Solahanham, Sattarahanha, Sattarahaņham, Atthärahanha, Atthärahanham Refer: According to Hemacandra's Commentary in Sūtra 3/123, this rule applies for numerals up to eighteen. For numerals nineteen and onwords, refer to P.196 of this book.
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Cases and their interchangeability Sūtras 3/ 130 to 137

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122. Dvivacanasya Bahuvacanam 3/130
Dvivacanasya (Dvivacana) 6/1 Bahuvacanam (Bahuvacana) 1/1 There is Plural Number in place of Dual Number. There is no Dual Number. There is only Singular and Plural Number.
123. Caturthyāḥ Şaşthi 3/131
Caturthyāḥ (Caturthi) 6/1 Şasthi (Şaşthi) 1/1 There is Genitive case in place of Dative case. Only one kind of suffix is used for Genitive and Dative Cases. For example, Namo Devassa - Salution to the god. Muņina Dei - Gives for the muni's.
Tadarthya - Nervă 3/132 Tadarthya Nervă [(Tādarthya) - (Neh) +(Vā)] [(Tādarthya) - (Ne) 6/1] Va = alternatively Alternatively, the meaning 'for' laya) occurs in place of ne. Alternatively the meaning 'for' (āya) occurs in place of ne (suffix of Dative Singular).
----------------------------- By applying Sūtra 4/448, the following occurs. Deva (Mas.): (Deva +ne) = Devaya (Dative Singular)
12 5. Vadhiddäisca Vũ 3/133
Vadháddáiśca Va [(Vadhāt) - (Dāiḥ) +(Ca)] Vā - Vadhật (Vadha) 5/1 Daih (Dài) 1/1 Ca - and Va :
alternatively Alternatively, after vadha, there occur dãi -ái and aya in place of ne.
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Alternatively, on having ne after vadha, there occur dāi-i and aya in place of ne (suffix of Dative Singular). (Vadha Vaha +ne) - Vahải, Vahaya (Dative Singular)
126. Kvacid Dvitiyadeh 3/134
Kvacid Dvitiyādeh ((Kvacit) + (Dvitīyā) +(Adeh)] Kvacit Sometimes [(Dvitīyā) +(Adi) 6/1] Sometimes the Genitive case occurs in place of the Accusative case, etc. Sometimes the Genitive case occurs in place of the Accusative, Instrumental, Ablative and Locative cases. Refer: Hemacandra's Commentry Sūtra 3/134 Aham Simandharassa (6/1) Vandāmi - I salute (Sīmandhara) 2/1.
(Accusative + Genitive) Dhanassa (6/1) So Laddho = He was obtained (by wealth) 3/1.
(Instrumental Genitive) So Corassa (6/1) Bihai = He is (afraid of) the thief 5/1.
(Ablative Genitive) Tāsa Pitthie (6/1) Kesa Bhăro - He has hair-load (on the back) 7/1.
Locative →Genitive)
1 27. Dvitiya- Tștiyayoh Saptami 3/135
Dvitiyā - Tștiyayoḥ Saptami [(Dvitiyā)- (Tștiyā)6/2)] Saptami (Saptami) 1/1 Sometimes the locative case occurs in place of Accusative and Instrumental cases. Sometimes, the LocativeCase is used in place of the Accusative and Instrumental Cases. Ahaṁ Nayare (7/1) Na Jāmi = I do not go to city. (2/1)
(Accusative → Locative) Tesu Tisu (7/2) Puhai Alańkiä - The earth has been decorated by those three (3/2) (Instrumental → Locative)
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· 128. Pañcamyastặtiya Ca 3/136
Pañcamyästřtiyà Ca [(Pañcamyāḥ)+(Tytīyā))] Pañcamyāḥ (Pañcami) 6/1 Tștiya (Títīyā) 1/1 Ca = and Sometimes, the Instrumental and the locative cases occur in place of the Ablative case. Sometimes, the Instrumental and the Locative cases are used in place of the Ablative case. So Coreņa (3/1) Bihai - He is afraid of the thief (5/1).
(Ablative Instrumental) Anteure (7/1) Ramium Raya Agao = Having enjoyed, the king has come from palace. (Women's quarters)
(Ablative → Locative)
129. Saptamya Dvitiya 3/137
Saptamya Dvitiya [(Saptamyāḥ) +(Dvitīyā)] Saptamyāḥ (Saptamī) 6/1 Dvitiya (Dvitīyā) 1/1 Sometimes, the Accusative case occurs in place of the Locative case. Sometimes, the Accusative case is used in place of the Locative case. So Rattiṁ (2/1) Vijjupayāsaṁ Sumarai - He remembers the electric light at night (7/1).
(Locative → Accusative) Teņas Kāleņam (3/1) Tenam Samaenaṁ (3/1) - At that time (and) on that occasion. (Locative Instrumental) Cauvisaṁ Pi Jiņavara (2/1) = Also twenty four Tirthankaras. (1/1)
(Nominative -> Accusative)
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Sūtras for the Negation of certain Suffixes
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130. Na Dirgho No 3/125
Na Dirgho Ņo [(Dirghaḥ) + (No)] Na - not Dirghaḥ (Dirgha) 1/1 Ņo (No) 1/1 If there is no, a long vowel does not take place. If there are jas (suffix of Nominative Plural) and śas (suffix of Accusative Plural) after i-ending and u-ending words, the ending vowels i and u do not become long. Similar to this, if there is nasi (suffix of Ablative Singular) the ending short vowel does not become long. (Hari + jas, sas) - Hariņo (Nominative, Accusative Plural) (Hari +nasi) = Hariņo
(Ablative Singular) (Sāhu + jas, śas) - Sähuņo (Nominative, Accusative Plural) (Sāhu +ñasi) = Sahuņo
(Ablative Singular) Refer: Hemacandra's Commentary Sūtra 3/125
131. Naserluk 3/126
Naserluk [(Naseh) + (luk] Naseh (Nasi) 5/1 Luk (Luk) 1/1 After nasi, there does not occur zero suffix. After nasi (suffix of Ablative Singular), å - ending, i - ending and u-ending Masculine and Feminine words, there does not occur zero suffix. (Kaha +nasi) = Kahá does not occur. (Mai, Lacchi + nasi) - Mai, Lacchi do not occur. (Dhenu, Bahū + nasi) - Dheņu, Bahu do not occur. (Hari , Gāmaņi+ nasi) = Hari, Gámaņi do not occur. (Sāhu, Sayambhú +ñasi) - Sähu, Sayambhů do not occur.
(Ablative Singular)
132. Bhyasasca Hih 3/127
Bhyasasca Hiḥ [(Bhyasaḥ) + (Ca] Bhyasaḥ (Bhyas) 5/1 Ca = and Hiḥ (Hi) 1/1
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After bhyas and (nasi), there does not occur hi. On having nasi (suffix of Ablative Singular) and bhyas (suffix of Ablative Plural) after å - ending, i - ending and u-ending Mas. and Fem. words, there does not occur hi. (Kaha +nasi, bhyas ) - Kahāhi does not occur. Primo (Mai, Lacchi + nasi, bhyas) = Maihi , Lacchihi do not occur. (Dheņu, Bahủ + nasi, bhyas )= Dheņuhi, Bahūhi do not occur. (Hari , Gāmaņi+ nasi, bhyas) - Harihi, Gāmaņihi do not occur. (Sāhu, Sayambhú +ñasi, bhyas) - Sāhuhi, Sayambhuhi do not occur.
(Ablative Singular, Plural)
133
Nerdeḥ 3/128 Nerdeḥ [(Neḥ) + (Deh)] Neḥ (Ni) 5/1 Deḥ (De) 1/1 Afterni, de e does not occur. On having ni (suffix of Locative Singular) after ä - ending, i - ending and u- ending Masculine and Feminine words, there does not occur de → e. (Kahá +ni) = Kahe does not occur. (Mai, Lacchi + ñi) - Maie, Lacchie do not occur. (Dhenu, Bahũ + ii) = Dhenue, Bahue do not occur. (Hari , Gámaņi+ ni) - Harie, Gamaņie do not occur. (Sāhu, Sayambhú +ni) - Sāhue, Sayambhūe do not occur.
(Locative Singular)
134. Et 3/129
Et (Et) 1/1 Et → e does not occur. On having sas (suffix of Accusative Plural), ţă (Suffix of Instrumental Singular), bhis (suffix of Instrumental Plural),
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bhyas (suffix of Ablative Plural) and sup (suffix of Locative Plural) after å - ending, i - ending and u-ending Masculine and Feminine words, there does not occur de + ein place of ending a, i, i, u, ü. (Kahā +śas, tā, bhis, bhyas, sup) -e does not occur in place of a. (Mai, Lacchi + śas, tā, bhis, bhyas, sup) ='e' does not occur in place of i, i. (Hari, Gāmaņi + śas, ță, bhis, bhyas, sup) = e does not occur in place of i, i. (Sähu, Sayaṁbhū + śas, tā, bhis, bhyas, sup) : e does not occur in place of u,ū. Refer: Hemacandra's Commentary Sūtra 3/129
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Section - 9
Miscellaneous Sūtras 3/ 1, 3/124 1/27,1/84, 4/448
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1 3 5. Vipsyat Svādervipste Svare Mo Vũ 3/1
Vipsuất Svādervipste Svare Mo Vũ [(Si)+(Adeh) + (Vipsye)] Svare [(Mah)+(Vā)] Vipsyāt (Vipsya) 5/1 [(Si) - (Adi) 6/1] Vipsye (Vipsya) 7/1 Svare (Svara) 7/1 Maḥ (M) 1/3 Vā - alternatively Alternatively, on having vowel in the beginning of repetitive words and after repetitive words, moccurs in place of si etc. land if ‘m‘does not occur, then the suffix of the first inflected word disappears. On having vowel in the beginning of repetitive words, m occurs in place of si etc.after the first repetitive word and alternatively if ‘m' does not occur, then the suffix of the first repetitive word disappears. 1 (i) Ekko Ekko - Ekkamekko
(Example of Nominative Singular) (ii) Ekkeņa Ekkeņa - Ekkamekkeņa
(Example of Instrumental Singular) (iii) Angammi Angammi = Angamangammi
(Example of Locative Singular) Alternatively: 2 (i) Ekko Ekko - Ekkekko
(Example of Nominative Singular) (ii) Ekkeņa Ekkeņa - Ekkekkeņa
(Example of Instrumental Singular) (iii) Angammi Angammi = Angāngammi
(Example of Locative Singular)
136. Śeșe Sdantavat 3/124
ŚeseSdantavat((seşe) + (Adantavat)] Śeșe (Śeșa) 7/1 Adantavat - Similar to adanta
In remaining words, the declension is similar to a-ending words.
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In the previous sūtras the declension of some å - ending, i - ending, u - ending etc. words, has not been indicated. In such cases the suffixes of a-ending words will be used. The following are the words and their declension.
(1) Jas(Nominative Plural): Hari, Gámaņi, Sähū, Sayambhū, Kaha, Mai, Lacchi, Dheņu, Bahu
(2) Am (Accusative Singular): Harim, Gåmaņis, Sáhum, Sayambhum, Várim, Mahum, Kaham, Maim, Lacchim, Dheņum, Bahum
(3) Śas (Accusative Plural): Kahả
(4) Bhis (Instrumental Plural): Harihi , Harihim, Harihi
Gamaņihi , Gamaņihim, Gamaņihiń
Sāhūhi, Sähūhiń, Sähūhim Sayambhühi, Sayambhūhim, Sayambhūhiń
Värihi, Värihim,Vārihiń Mahühi , Mahühim, Mahūhiń Kahāhi , Kaháhim, Kaháhis
Maihi , Maihim, Maihiń Lacchihi , Lacchihim , Lacchihiń Dheņühi, Dheņühim , Dheņühiń
Bahūhi , Bahūhim , Bahūhiń
(5) Nasi (Ablative Singular): Haritto → Haritto, Hario,
Hariu, Harihinto Gamaṇitto, Gāmaņio, Gāmaņiu, Gamaņihinto
Sähutto, Sähuo, Sähūu, Sähühinto
Sayambhutto, Sayambhuo, Sayambhuu, Sayambhühinto
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Väritto, Vário, Váriu, Varihinto Mahutto, Mahuo, Mahuu, Mahūhinto Kahatto, Kahão, Kahāu, Kahähinto
Maitto, Maio, Maiu, Maihinto Lacchitto, Lacchio, Lacchiu, Lacchihinto Dheņutto, DheŅūo, Dheņuu, Dhenühinto
Bahutto, Bahuo, Bahūu, Bahūhinto
(6) Bhyas (Ablative Plural): Haritto → Haritto, Hario,
Hariu, Harihinto , Harisunto Gámaņitto, Gámaņio, Gamaņiu, Gámaņihinto,
Gámaņisunto Sähutto, Sähuo, Sähuu, Sähühinto, Sähúsunto Sayambhutto, Sayambhuo, Sayambhuu,
Sayambhuhinto, Sayambhúsunto Väritto, Vário, Váriu, Varihinto, Vārisunto Mahutto, Mahuo, Mahuu, Mahühinto, Mahúsunto Kahatto, Kahảo, Kahau, Kahāhinto, Kahásunto
Maitto, Maio, Maiu, Maihinto, Maisunto Lacchitto, Lacchio, Lacchiu, Lacchihinto, Lacchisunto Dheņutto, Dheņuo, Dheņuu, Dheņūhinto, Dheņusunto
Bahutto, Bahuo, Bahuu, Bahühinto, Bahúsunto
(7) Nas(Genitive Singular): Harissa, Gamaņissa, Sähussa,
Sayambhussa, Värissa, Mahussa
(8) Åm (Genitive Plural): Hariņa, Hariņam, Gámaņiņa,
Gamaņiņam, Sähüņa, Sāhūņam, Sayaṁbhūņa, Sayambhūņam, Väriņa, Väriņam, Mahuna, Mahūņam,
Kahāņa, Kahåņam, Maiņa, Maiņam, Lacchiņa,
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Lacchiņam, Dheņuna, Dheņūņam, Bahuņa, Bahúņam
(9) Ni (Locative Singular): Harimmi, Gámaņimmi,
Sāhummi, Sayambhummi, Värimmi, Mahummi
(10) Sup (LocativePlural) : Harisu, Gámaņisu,Sähúsu,
Sayambhúsu, Vārisu, Mahusu etc.
137. Ktvā - Syäderņa - Svorvá 1/27
Ktva - Syaderņa - Svorvá [(Si)+(Adeh) +(Na)] [(Svoḥ)+(Vā)] [(Ktvā) - (Si) - (Adi) 6/1][(Na) - (Su) 7/2] Vas alternatively Alternatively, on having ktvå → úna and uāņa and on having na and su in place ofsi, etc., there occurs anusvāra (-) on them. Alternatively, on having ktvā→ úņa and uảņa (suffix of Absolutive) and on having na and su in place of si, etc. (Nominative, Accusative etc.) there occurs anusvāra ( - ) on them. (i) Hasiūņa: Hasiūņam (ii) Devena : Deveņam
(Instrumental Singular) Deväņa : Devåņam
(Genitive Plural) Devesu : Devesum
(Locative Plural)
138. Hrsvaḥ Samyoge 1/84
Hrsvah (Hrsva) 1/1 Samyoge (Samyoga) 7/1 On having conjunct letter ahead of a long vowel, the long vowel becomes short. If there is conjunct letter ahead of a long vowel, then the long vowel becomes short. Devatto : Devatto
(Ablative Singular)
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139. Seṣam Samskṛtavat Siddham 4/448
Seṣam Samskṛtavat Siddham [(Seṣam)+(Samskṛtavat)] Śeşam (Seṣa) 1/1 Samskṛtavat Siddham (Siddha) 1/1 The remaining Declensional forms are to be regarded as similar to Samskṛta.
In Prakṛta, the remaining Declensional forms are to be regarded as similar to Samskṛta.
(Kaha +si) = Kaha
(Kaha +sup) = Kahāsu etc.
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(Nominative Singular) (Locative Plural)

OOO
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Section - 10 Sūtras for Knowing about
the Śauraseni Prāksta 4/ 260 to 264, 268
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140. To Donādau Śaurasenyamayuktasya 4/260
To Donadau Śaurasenyamayuktasya [(Taḥ)+(Daḥ) + (Anadau)][(Saurasenyam) +(Ayuktasya)] Taḥ (T)6/1 Daḥ (D)1/3 Anådau (Anadi) 7/1 Śaurasenyam (Sauraseni) 7/1 Ayuktasya (Ayukta) 6/1 In Sauraseni 'd' occurs in place of 't', if it does not occur in the beginning of a word, and if it is not conjoined with any other consonant. In Sauraseni Prāksta 'd'occurs in place of 't' on the condition that 't' does not occur in the beginning of a word, and t is not conjoined with any other consonant. Tayā Karihimo Jay.......(Since t’is in the beginning of a word 'd' does not occur). Matto, Ayyautto ........ (Since t'is conjoined with a consonant 'd' does not occur). Etāhi - Edāhi
Etão - Edão
141. Adhaḥ Kvacit
4/261 Adhah (Adha) 1/1 Kvacit - Sometimes Sometimes it is seen as given below (as in the example). In a conjunct consonant word, sometimes t' becomes ‘d’. Mahanto : Mahando Niccinto : Niccindo
142. Vädeståvati
4/262 Vädestávati [(Vā)+(Adeḥ) +(Tāvati)] Vå - alternatively Adeh (Adi) 6/1 Távati (Tavat) 7/1 Alternatively, on having 'távat' there occurs d' in place of the beginning t. Alternatively, on having 'tavat' there occurs 'd' in place of the beginningʻt'. Távat Táva - Dāva
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143. Å Åmantrye Sau Veno Naḥ
4/263 Å Åmantrye Sau [(Va)+(Ino) ] Naḥ À (A) 1/1 Amantrye (Āmantraña) 7/1 Sau (Si) 7/1 Va:alternatively Inh (In) 5/1 Nah (N) 6/1 Alternatively,on having Vocative 'si'after in- ending words, there occurs à in place of ‘n’. Alternatively, on having in Vocative Case ‘si' after in-ending words, there occurs å in place of'n'. The alternative is that a disappears." He Manasvin + (He Manasvin+si) = (He Manassia+si) = He Manassia or He Manassi (a thoughtful person)
(Vocative si also disappears) He Sukhin + (He Suhin +si) = (He Suhia+si) = He Suhiä or He Suhi (an happy man)
(Vocative si also disappears) 1. Refer: (Hemacandra's Commentary Sūtra 4/263)
144. Mo Vā
4/264 Mo Vũ [(Mah)+(Vũ)]. Maḥ (M) 6/1 Vă = alternatively
Alternatively,on having ending consonent'n'in words, 'm' is used in place of 'n'in Vocative. Alternatively, on having Vocative case 'si' after words, having ending consonent ‘n', 'm'occurs in place of consonent'n' along with the disappearance of Vocative ‘si'. Rājan - (Rājan+si) He Rājas He Rāyam
14 5. Śesam Prākệtavat 4/268
Sesam (Sesa) 2/1 Präkrtavat - Similar to Prāksta The remaning rules are similar to Praksta. The remaning rules of Declensional forms in Sauraseni Prākṣta are similar to Prākṣta already discussed.
000
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Masculine Nouns :
Neuter Nouns :
(A) Declensional Forms of Nouns
Feminine Nouns :
Other words and : their Declension
Advanced Präkṛta Grammar

Appendix - 1
Declensional Forms
(Deva, Hari, Gamaṇī, Sāhu, Sayambhu) (5) a-ending: Deva (God)
i-ending: Hari (Name of deity)
i-ending: Gamani (Headman of village)
u-ending: Sahu (Saint)
u-ending: Sayambhu (Self-made person)
(Kamala, Vāri, Mahu)
a-ending: Kamala (Lotus)
i-ending: Väri (Water)
u-ending: Mahu (Honey)
(Kaha, Mai, Lacchi, Dheņu, Bahu) a-ending: Kahā (Story), i-ending: Mai (Understanding)
i-ending: Lacchi (Wealth)
u-ending: Dhenu (Cow) ù-ending: Bahu (Daughter-in-law)
Piu, Piara, Kattu, kattāra, Appa/Atta, Appāṇa, Attāṇa Rāya/Raa, Rāyāṇa

(3)
(5)
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a-ending Noun Masculine (Deva) (god) Singular
Plural Nominative case Devo (3/2), Deve Deva (3/4, 3/12) Accusative case Devaṁ (3/5) Deva (3/4, 3/12),
Deve (3/4, 3/14) Insturmental Devena (3/6, 3/14), Devehi, Devehiń
Deveņam? (1/27) Devehiñ (3/7), (3/15) Dative
Devaya (3/132, Devāna (3/131, 3/6, 4/448),
3/12), Devāņam? (1/27) Devassa (3/131,
3/10) Ablative case Devatto?, Devão, Devatto3, Devão,
Devāu, Devāhi, Devāu (3/9, 3/12, 1/84), Devāhinto,
Devāhi, Devähinto, Devā (3/8, 3/12, Devasunto (3/9, 3/13), 1/84)
Devehi, Devehinto, Devado, Devadu Devesunto (3/9, 3/15), (3/8)
Devado, Devádu (3/9) Genitive case Devassa (3/10) Devāņa (3/6, 3/12),
Devānaṁ (1/27) Locative case Deve,
Devesu (3/15), Devammi (3/11), Devesum? (1/27)
Devamhi", Devaṁsi Vocative case He Deva, He Devā, He Devă (4/448)
He Devo (3/38), He Deve?
1.
Di
In Ardhamagadhi literature, this use is found. (Prākrta Bhāşãom Ka Vyakarana) Pischel, P. 515. According to Sūtra 1/27, there occur the use of na and naṁ suffixes in Instrumental Singular and Genitive Plural. Likewise, there occurs the use of su and suṁ suffixes in Locative Plural. According to Sutra 1/84, if there exists a conjunct consonant ahead of long vowel, then that long vowel becomes short - Devătto Devatto. In Sauraseni literature, 'mhi' suffix is found.
4.
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i-ending Noun Masculine (Hari) (Name of a deity)
Singular
Plural
Nominative case Hari (3/19)
Harau, Harao (3/20),
Hariņo (3/22, 3/125), Hari (3/124, 3/4, 3/12)
Accusative case Harim (3/124, 3/5) Hariņo (3/22),
Hari (3/18)
Insturmental
Harina (3/24)
Harihi, Harihim, Harihiń (3/124, 3/7, 3/16)
Dative & Harissa (3/124, 3/10) Hariņa (3/124, 3/6, 3/12) Genitive case Hariņo (3/23,3/125) Hariņam (1727)
Ablative case
Hariņo (3/23,3/125) Haritto, Hario, Hariu,
Haritto, Hario, Harihinto, Harīsunto Hariu, Harihinto (3/124, 3/9, 3/16, (3/124, 3/8, 3/12, 3/127) 3/126, 3/127) Harido, Haridu Harido, Haridu (3/124, 3/9)
(3/124, 3/8)
Locative case Harimmi (3/124,
Harisu (3/16, 3/15, 3/124),
3/11,
Harisuṁ (1/27)
Harimhi, Harimsi
Vocative case He Hari, He Hari
He Harau, He Harao,
(3/38, 3/19)
He Hariņo, He Hari (4/448)
Advanced Prakrta Grammar
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i-ending Noun Masculine (Gámaņi) (Headman of village) Singular
Plural Nominative case Gamani (3/19) Gāmaņau, Gamanao (3/20),
Gāmaņiņo (3/22, 3/43), Gāmaņi (3/124, 3/4, 3/12)
Accusative case Gamaņim (3/124,
3/5, 3/36)
Instrumental
Gamanina (3/24,
Gāmaniņo (3/22, 3/43), Gāmaņi (3/18) Gāmaņihi, Gāmaņihim Gåmaņihiṁ (3/124, 3/7, 3/16) Gamanīņa (3/124, 3/6),
3/43)
Dative &
Genitive case
Gamaņissa(3/124, 3/10) Gāmaņiņo (3/23, 3/43)
Gamaninaṁ (1/27)
Ablative case Gámaņiņo (3/23,3/43) Gāmaņitto, Gāmaņio,
Gāmaņitto, Gāmaņio, Gāmaniu, Gāmaņihinto Gāmaniu, Gāmaņihinto Gāmaņīsunto (3/124, (3/124, 3/8, 3/126 3/9, 3/16, 3/127), 3/127),
Gāmaņido, Gamaņidu Gamaṇido, Gamaņidu (3/124, 3/9) (3/124, 3/8) Gāmaņimmi (3/124, Gāmaņīsu (3/16, 3/15, 3/11)
3/124) Gämanisuṁ (1/27) Gāmaņimhi, Gámaņissi Vocative case He Gāmaņi (3/42) He Gámaņau, He Gamanao,
He Gāmaņiņo, He Gāmaņi (4/448)
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u-ending Noun Masculine (Sahu) (Saint)
Singular
Plural
Nominative case Sähū (3/19)
Sähau, Sahao (3/20),
Sahuno (3/22),
Sähavo (3/21),
Sähū (3/124, 3/4, 3/12)
Accusative case Sähum (3/124, 3/5) Sahuno (3/22),
Sähū (3/18)
Instrumental Sähuṇā (3/24)
Dative &
Genitive case
Ablative case
Locative case
Vocative case

Sähussa (3/124, 3/10), Sahuna (3/124, 3/6, 3/12),
Sāhuṇo (3/23, 3/125) Sähūṇam (1/27)
Sähuno (3/23, 3/125) Sähutto, Sāhuo, Sāhuu, Sähutto, Sähuo, Sāhuu, Sähūhinto, Sähüsunto
Sähūhinto (3/124,
3/8, 3/12, 3/126,
3/127), Sähūdo,
Sähūdu (3/124, 3/8)
Sähummi (3/124,
3/11),
Sähumhi, Sahumsi
Sähūhi, Sähūhim, Sähūhim
(3/124, 3/7, 3/16)
He Sahu,
He Sǎhů (3/38, 3/19)
Advanced Pråkṛta Grammar
(3/124, 3/9, 3/16, 3/127)
Sähūdo, Sähūdu
(3/124, 3/9)
Sähūsu (3/16, 3/15, 3/124),
Sähūsuṁ (1/27)
He Sahau, He Sahao,
He Sahuno, He Sahavo,
He Sähū (4/448)

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ü-ending Noun Masculine (Sayambhū) (Self-made person) Singular
Plural Nominative case Sayambhū (3/19) Sayambhau,
Sayambhao (3/20), Sayambhuņo (3/22, 3/43), Sayambhavo (3/21), Sayambhu (3/124, 3/4,
3/12) Accusative case Sayambhuṁ (3/124 Sayambhuņo (3/22, 3/43), 3/5, 3/36)
Sayambhú (3/18) Instrumental Sayambhuņā
Sayaṁbhūhi, Sayaṁbhūhiń, (3/24, 3/43) Sayambhūhis (3/124,
3/7, 3/16) Dative & Sayambhussa(3/124, Sayambhúna (3/124, 3/6), Genitive case 3/10), Sayambhuņo Sayambhūņam (1/27)
(3/23, 3/43) Ablative case Sayambhuņo (3/23, Sayambhutto, Sayambhuo,
3/43), Sayambhutto, Sayambhuu, Sayambhūhinto Sayambhuo,
Sayambhūsunto (3/124, Sayambhūu,
379, 3/16, 3/127), Sayaṁbhūhinto Sayambhudo, Sayambhudu (3/124, 3/8,
(3/124, 3/9) 3/126, 3/127) Sayambhudo, Sayambhūdu (3/1 24
3/8) Locative case Sayambhummi Sayaṁbhūsu (3/16,
(3/124, 3/11), 3/15, 3/124) Sayambhumhi, Sayambhúsum (1/27)
Sayambhumsi Vocative case He Sayambhu He Sayaṁbhau, (3742)
He Sayambhao, He Sayambhuņo, He Sayambhavo, He Sayambhu (4/448)
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a-ending Neuter (Kamala) (Lotus) Singular
Plural Nominative case Kamalam (3/25) Kamalaim, Kamalāiṁ
Kamalăņi (3/26 Accusative case Kamalam (3/5) Kamalāim, Kamalais,
Kamalāņi (3/26) Instrumental Kamalena (3/6, 3/14) Kamalehi, Kamalehim,
Kamalenaṁ (1727) Kamalehin (3/7, 3/15) Dative
Kamalaya (3/132), Kamalāņa (3/131, 376, Kamalassa (3/131, 3/12), 3/10)
Kamalāņam (1/27) Ablative case Kamalatto, Kamalão, Kamalatto, Kamalão,
Kamalāu, Kamalāhi, Kamalāu (3/9, 3/12, 1/84), Kamalāhinto, Kamala Kamalāhi, Kamalähinto, (3/8, 3/12, 1784) Kamalasunto (379, 3/13), Kamalādo, Kamalādu Kamalehi,Kamalehinto, (3/8)
Kamalesunto (3/9, 3/15)
Kamalado, Kamaládu (3/9) Genitive case Kamalassa (3/10) Kamalāņa (3/6, 3/12)
Kamalānam (1/27)
Locative case Kamale, Kamalammi Kamalesu (3/15),
(3/11), Kamalashi, Kamalesum (1727) Kamalassi
Vocative case He Kamala (3/37)
He Kamalaiṁ, He Kamalāis, He Kamalāņi (4/448)
1. According to Sutra 240 of the Kätantra Grammar, the declension of Neuter Gender
words from Instrumental case to Locative case is similar to Masculine words.
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i-ending Neuter (Vari) (Water)
Singular
Plural
Nominative case Vārim (3/25)
Väriim, Vārīiñ, Vāriņi (3726)
Accusative case Vārim (3/124, 3/5) Väriim, Vārīiñ, Vārīņi (3/26)
Instrumental
Varina (3/24)
Vārihi, Vārīhim, Vārīhiñ
(3/124, 3/7, 3/16)
Dative &
Värissa(3/124, 3/10), Vārīņa (3/124, 3/6, 3/12),
Genitive case
Vāriņo (3/23, 3/125) Vāriņaṁ (1/27)
Ablative case
Vāriņo (3/23, 3/125) Vāritto, Vārio, Vāriu,
Vāritto, Vário,
Värihinto, Vārisunto (3/124,
Vāriu, Värihinto
379, 3/16, 3/127)
(3/124, 3/8, 3/12 Värido, Vāridu (3/124,
3/126, 3/127)
3/9)
Värido, Vāridu
(3/124, 3/8)
Locative case Vārimmi (3/124,
Värisu (3/16, 3/15, 3/124),
3/11)
Vārisuṁ (1/27)
Värimhi, Varimsi
Vocative case He Vāri (3737)
He Văriim, He Variis,
He Varini (4/448)
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u-ending Neuter (Mahu) (Honey)
Singular
Plural
Nominative case Mahum (3/25)
Mahūis, Mahūis, Mahūņi
(3/26)
Accusative case Mahuṁ (3/124,
Mahūis, Mahūis, Mahuņi
3/5)
(3/26)
Instrumental
Mahuna (3/24)
Mahūhi, Mahūhim, Mahūhis (3/124, 3/7, 3/16)
Dative &
Mahussa (3/124,
Mahūņa (3/124, 3/6,
3/12), Mahūnań
3/10), Mahuņo
Genitive case (1/27)
(3/23, 3/125)
Ablative case
Mahuno (3/23, 3/125). Mahutto, Mahuo, Mahüu.
Mahutto, Mahủo, Mahữu, Mahūhinto (3/124, 3/8, 3/12 3/126, 3/127) Mahudo, Mahūdu (3/124, 3/8)
Mahühinto, Mahúsunto (3/124, 3/9, 3/16 3/127) Mahüdo, Mahudu (3/124, 3/9)
Locative case Mahummi (3/124,
Mahusu (3/16, 3/15,
3/8, 3/129)
3/124)
Mahumhi,
Mahusuń (1727)
Mahumsi
Vocative case He Mahu (3/37)
He Mahüim, He Mahúis.
He Mahūņi (4/448)
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a-ending Feminine (Kaha) (Story)
Singular
Plural
Nominative case Kaha (4/448)
Kahá (3/124, 3/4),
Kahāu, Kahão (3/27)
Accusative case Kaham (3/124,
Kahá (3/124, 3/4),
3/5, 3/36)
Kahāu, Kahão (3/27)
Instrumental
Kahaa, Kahãi, Kahāe
Kahāhi, Kahāhim, Kahāhiń
(3/29, 3/30)
(3/124, 3/7)
Dative &
Kahaa, Kahãi, Kahãe (3/29, 3/30)
Kahāņa (3/124, 3/6), Kahāņaṁ (1727)
Genitive case
Ablative case
Kahaa, Kahāi, Kahae,
Kahatto, Kahão, Kahāu,
(3/29, 3/30)
Kahāhinto, Kahăsunto
Kahatto, Kahão, Kahāu, (3/124, 3/9, 3/127)
Kahāhinto (3/124,
Kahado, Kahādu
3/8, 3/126, 3/127) (3/124, 3/9)
Kahädo, Kahadu
(3/124, 3/8)
Locative case Kahaa, Kahāi, Kahãe
Kahāsu (4/448),
(3/29, 3/30)
Kahásum (1/27)
Vocative case He Kaha, He Kahe
He Kaha, He kahau,
(3/41)
He Kahão (4/448)
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a-ending Feminine (
Ma) (Mother)
Singular
Plural
Nominative case Mää (4/448)
Māā (3/124, 3/4),
Māku, Māão (3/27)
Accusative case Maaṁ (3/124,
Máā (3/124, 3/4),
3/5, 3/36)
Māāu, Māão (3/27)
Instrumental Maka, Maai, Make
Määhi, Määhim, Māähis
(3/29, 3/30)
(3/124, 3/7)
Dative &
Maaa, Māãi, Make
Māāņa (3/124, 3/6),
Genitive case
(3/29, 3/30)
Māānam (1/27)
Ablative case
Māāa, Māãi, Māãe,
Māatto, Māão, Máău,
(3/29, 3730)
Määhinto, Mäasunto
Māatto, Máão, Māău,
(3/124, 379, 3/127)
Maahinto (3/124,
Maado, Maadu
3/8, 3/126, 3/127) (3/124, 3/9)
Maado, Maadu
(3/124, 3/8)
Locative case Māža, Māãi, Māäe
Määsu (4/448),
(3/29, 3/30)
Māásum (1/27)
Vocative case He Maa, He Mãe,
He Māā, He Māāu,
(3/41)
He Maão (4/448)
Advanced Prakrta Grammar
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å-ending Feminine (Maara) (Mother)
Singular
Nominative case Maară (4/448)
Accusative case Maaram (3/124,
Instrumental Maarǎa, Mäarãi,
Dative &
Genitive case
Ablative case
Locative case
Vocative case
124
3/5, 3/36)

Plural
Mãarău, Māarão (3/27),
Mäarā (3/124, 3/4)
Mǎarãe (3/29, 3/30) Mäarāhim(3/124, 3/7)
Mäarǎa, Mäarãi,
Maarāṇa (3/124, 3/6),
Mäarãe (3/29, 3/30)
Mäarānaṁ (1/27)
He Mää, He Mãe,
Mäarau, Mäarão (3/27),
Mäară (3/124, 3/4)
Mäarahi, Mäarāhim,
Maarǎa, Mäarãi,
Maaratto, Mäarão, Mãarau,
Mäarãe, (3/29, 3/30), Mäarähinto, Mãarasunto
Maaratto, Mãarão,
(3/124, 3/9, 3/127)
Mãarau, Maarȧhinto
Mäarādo, Maarȧdu
(3/124, 3/8, 3/126 (3/124, 3/9)
3/127),
Maarȧdo, Maarȧdu
(3/124, 3/8)
(3/41)
Mäarǎa, Mäarai,
Mäarāsu (4/448),
Māarãe (3/29, 3/30) Mãarāsum (1/27)
He Mäară, He Mäarău,
He Mãarão (4/448)

Advanced Prākṛta Grammar

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i-ending Feminine (Mai) (Understanding)
Singular
Plural
Nominative case Mai (3/19)
Maiu, Maio (3/27),
Mai (3/124, 3/4, 3/12)
Accusative case Maiṁ (3/124, 3/5) Maiu, Maio (3/27),
Mai (3/18)
Instrumental
Maia, Maia, Maii, Maie Maihi, Maihim, Maihiñ (3/29)
(3/124, 3/7, 3/16)
Dative &
Maia, Maiā, Maii, Maie Maiņa (3/124, 3/6, 3/12)
Genitive case
(3/29)
Mainam (1727)
Ablative case
Maia, Maia, Maii, Maie, Maitto, Maio, Maiu, Maihinto (3/29),
Maisunto (3/124, 3/9,
Maitto, Maio, Maiu,
3/16, 3/127)
Maihinto (3/124, Maido, Maidu (3/124, 3/8, 3/12, 3/126, 3/9)
3/127)
Maido, Maidu (3/124,
3/8)
Locative case Maia, Maia, Maii, Maie Maisu (3/16, 3/15, 3/124),
(3729)
Maisuṁ (1/27)
Vocative case He Mai, He Mai
He Maiu, He Maio, He Mai
(3/38, 3/9)
(4/448)
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i-ending Feminine (Lacchi) (Wealth) Singular
Plural
Nominative case Lacchi (3/19),
Lacchia (3/28)
Lacchiu, Lacchio (3/27) Lacchia (3728), Lacchi (3/124, 3/4) Lacchiu, Lacchio (3/27), Lacchia (3/28), Lacchi (3/18)
Accusative case Lacchiṁ (3/124,
3/5, 3/36)
Instrumental
Lacchia, Lacchia,
Lacchii, Lacchie
Lacchihi, Lacchihim, Lacchiń (3/124, 3/7, 3/16)
(3/29)
Dative &
Lacchina (3/124, 3/6),
Genitive case
Lacchia, Lacchia, Lacchii, Lacchie (3729)
Lacchinam (1/27)
Ablative case
Lacchia, Lacchia,
Lacchitto, Lacchio, Lacchiu,
Lacchii, Lacchie (3/29), Lacchihinto, Lacchisunto Lacchitto, Lacchio, (3/124, 3/9, 3/16, Lacchiu, Lacchihinto 3/127), Lacchido, (3/124, 3/8, 3/126, Lacchidu (3/124, 3/9) 3/127) Lacchido,
Lacchidu (3/124,
3/8)
Locative case Lacchia, Lacchia, Lacchisu (3/16, 3/15, 3/1 24),
Lacchii, Lacchie (3/29) Lacchisuṁ (1/27) Vocative case He Lacchi (3/42) He Lacchi, He Lacchiu,
He Lacchio, He Lacchia (4/448)
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u-ending Feminine (Dheņu) (Cow) Singular
Plural Nominative case Dhenü (3/19) Dhenúu, Dhenúo (3/27),
Dheņū(3/124, 3/4, 3/12) Accusative case Dheņuṁ (3/124, Dheņuu, Dhenùo (3/27), 3/5)
Dhenu (3/18)
Instrumental
Dheņữa, Dhenūā, Dheộūi, Dhenue (3/29)
Dhenuhi, Dhenühim, Dhenühiṁ (3/124, 3/7, 3/16)
Dative &
Genitive case
Ablative case
Dhenūa, Dhenua, Dheņūņa (3/124, Dhenüi, Dhenue 3/6, 3/12) (3/29)
Dheņūņam (1727) Dhenua, Dhenúă, Dheņutto, Dhenúo, Dheņui,Dheņûe (3/29), Dhenùu, Dhenühinto, Dheņutto, Dhenùo, Dhenūsunto (3/124, Dheņuu, Dhenühinto 3/9, 3/16, 3/127) (3/124, 3/8, 3/12, Dheņudo, Dheņudu 3/126, 3/127) (3/124, 3/9) Dheņudo, Dheņudu (3/124, 3/8)
Locative case Dhenua, Dhenūā,
Dheņusu (3/16, 3/15,
Dhenúi, Dhenüe
3/124)
(3729)
Dheņusuń (1/27)
He Dheņû, He Dheņuu,
Vocative case He Dhenu, He Dheņu
(3/38, 3/19)
He Dhenùo (4/448)
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.
ü-ending Feminine (Bahu) (Daughter-in-law) Singular
Plural
Nominative case Bahū (3/19)
Bahuu, Bahủo (3/27), Bahu (3/124, 3/4) ?
Accusative case Bahum (3/124,
3/5, 3/36)
Bahuu, Bahuo (3/27), Bahú (3/18)
Instrumental
Bahữa, Bahúa, Bahūi, Bahữe (3729)
Bahūhi, Bahūhim, Bahūhis (3/124, 3/7)
Dative &
Bahua, Bahūá, Bahui,
Bahūna (3/124, 3/6),
Genitive case Bahủe (3/29)
Bahūnaṁ (1/27)
Ablative case
Bahùa, Bahuā, Bahūi,
Bahutto, Bahuo, Bahūu,
Bahue (3/29)
Bahūhinto, Bahúsunto (3/124, 3/9, 3/16,
Bahutto, Bahủo,
Bahuu, Bahūhinto
3/127)
(3/124, 3/8,
Bahüdo, Bahudu (3/124,
3/126, 3/127)
3/9)
Bahüdo, Bahüdu
(3/124, 3/8)
Locative case Bahua, Bahúa, Bahui,
Bahūsu (3/16, 3/15,
Bahủe (3/29)
3/124),
Bahúsum (1/27)
Vocative case He Bahu (3/42)
He Bahū, He Bahuu, He Bahủo (4/448)
128
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Page #142

u-ending Masculine (Piu) (Father) (Different from u-ending declension) Singular
Plural
Nominative case Piä (3/48)
Accusative case Piaram (3/47, 3/5) -
u-ending Masculine (Piu) (Father)
(Similar to u-ending declension) Singular
Plural Nominative case -
Piau, Piao (3/20), Piavo (3/21), Piuno (3/22),
Piū (3/124, 3/4, 3/12) Accusative case -
Piuņo (3/22),
Piū (3/18) Instrumental Piuna
Piūhi, Piūhim, Piūhis (3/24)
(3/124, 3/7, 3/16) Dative & Piussa (3/124, 3/10) Piūņa (3/124, 3/6, 3/12) Genitive case Piuno (3/23, 3/125) Piuņam (1727) Ablative case Piuņo (3723), Piutto, Piūo, Piūu, Piutto, Piūo,
Piūhinto, Piùsunto Piùu, Piūhinto
(3/124, 3/9, 3/16, (3/124, 3/8, 3/12 3/127), 3/126, 3/127) Piūdo, Piūdu Piūdo, Piūdu
(3/124, 3/9) (3/124, 3/8) Locative case Piummi (3/124, Piūsu (3/16, 3/15, 3/124),
3/11, 3/129) Piūsuṁ (1/27)
Piumhi, Piussi Vocative case He Piu, He Più He Piau, He Piao, He Piavo,
(3/38, 3/19) He Piuņo, He Piū (4/448)
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Page #143

a-ending Masculine (Piara) (Father) (3/47)
Singular
Plural
Nominative case Piaro (3/2)
Accusative case Piaraṁ (3/47, 3/5)
Piară (3/4, 3/12) Piară (3/4, 3/12), Piare (3/4, 3/14)
Instrumental
Piarena (3/6, 3/14)
Piarehi. Piarehim. Piarehim
(3/7, 3/15) Piarāņa (3/131, 3/6, 3/12)
Dative
Piarenaṁ (1/27) Piarāya (3/132), Piarassa (3/131, 3/10) Piaratto, Piarão,
Piaránaí (1/27)
Piaratto, Piarão,
Piarău,
Piarau, Piarahi,
Piarāhinto, Piara (3/8, 3/12, 1/84) Piarādo, Piarădu (3/8)
(3/9, 3/12, 1/84), Piarahi, Piarahinto, Piarasunto (3/9, 3/13) Piarehi, Piarehinto, Piaresunto (3/9, 3/15) Piarádo, Piarádu (3/9) Piarāņa ( 3/6, 3/12) Piarānam (1/27)
Genitive case
Piarassa (3/10)
Locative case
Piaresu (3/15),
Piare, Piarammi (3/11)
Piaresuṁ (1/27)
Piaramhi, Piaraṁsi
Vocative case
He Piară (4/448)
He Piaram (3/40)
1. Sutra 3/47
130
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Page #144

u-ending Masculine (Kattu) (Doer] (Different from to u-ending declension) Singular
Plural Nominative case Katta (3/48) Accusative case Kattāram (3/45, 3/5) -
u-ending Masculine (Kattu) (Similar to u-ending declension) Singular
Plural Nominative case -
Kattau, Kattao (3/20), Kattavo (3/21), Kattuno (3/22),
Kattu (3/124, 3/4, 3/12) Accusative case -
Kattu (3/18),
Kattuno (3/22) Instrumental Kattuna
Kattuhi, Kattūhiń, Kattühis (3/24)
(3/124, 3/7, 3/16) Dative &
Kattuno (3/23), Kattūņa (3/124, 3/6, 3/12) Genitive case Kattussa (3/124, 3/10) Kattūņaṁ (1/27) Ablative case Kattuno (3/23), Kattutto, Kattuo, Kattuu,
Kattutto, Kattuo, Kattūhinto, Kattūsunto Kattuu, Kattūhinto (3/124, 3/9, 3/16), (3/124, 3/8, 3/12, Kattudo, Kattudu 3/126, 3/127) (3/124, 3/9) Kattudo, Kattúdu (3/124, 3/8)
Locative case Kattummi (3/124,
3/11, 3/129) Kattumhi, Kattumsi
Kattusu (3/16, 3/15, 3/124), Kattūsum (1727)
Vocative case He Kattu, He Kattu
(3/38, 3/19)
He Kattau, He Kattao, He Kattavo, He Kattuno, He Kattu (4/448)
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a-ending Masculine (Kattara)' (Doer)
Singular
Plural
Nominative case
Kattaro (3/2)
Kattārā (3/4, 3/12)
Accusative case Kattaraṁ (3/5)
Kattără (3/4, 3/12)
Kattare (3/4, 3/14)
Instrumental
Kattăreņa (3/6, 3/14) Kattārehi, Kattārehim, Kattāreņaṁ (1/27) Kattărehiṁ (3/7, 3/15) Kattārassa (3/10), Kattārāṇa (3/6, 3/12)
Dative &
Genitive case
Kattārāņaṁ (1/27)
Ablative case
Kattāratto, Kattărão, Kattáratto, Kattārão, Kattărău, Kattārāhi, Kattārâu (3/9, 3/12) Kattārāhinto, Kattārā Kattārāhi, Kattārāhinto, (3/8, 3/12, 1/84) Kattārāsunto (3/9, 3/13) Kattarado, Kattārādu Kattarehi, Kattārehinto, (3/8)
Kattāresunto (3/9, 3/15)
Kattárādo, Kattāradu (3/9)
Kattāresu (3/15),
Locative case Kattāre, Kattārami
(3/11)
Kattaresum (1/27)
Kattaramhi,
Kattáramsi
Vocative case He Kattāra, He Kattārā He Kattāra (4/448)
He Kattāro (3/38)
1.
Sutra 3/45
132
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Page #146

Appa/Atta' (Soul)
(Different from a-ending Masculine declension)
Singular
Plural
Appāņo, Attāņo (3/50, 3/12)
Nominative case Appa, Attā
(3/56, 3/49) Ada,? Aya,Ată,4 Cedas
Accusative case -
Appāņo, Attano (3/50, 3/12)
Instrumental
Appaņā, Attana (3/56, 3/51) Appaņaiā, Attaņaiā,
Appania, Attaņia (3/57)
Dative &
Appaņo“. Attano (3/50)
Genitive case
Ablative case
Appāņo (3/50, 3/12)
Locative case
Vocative case -
He Attano (4/448)
1. Sutra 3/56. 2. Samayasāra, Gatha, 1-26-26.
Prákrta Bháşãoṁ Ka Vyakarana, Dr. R. Pischel, P. 584. 4. Acārānga Sútra, 171. 5. Samayasăra, Gātha, 3-50-118. 6. Hemacandra Prākṣta Vyakarana Bhāga - 2, Sūtra 3/56 Ki Vrtti.
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Page #147

Appa/Atta (Soul) (Similar to a-ending Masculine declension) Singular
Plural Nominative case Appo, Atto (3/2) Appå. Attā (3/4, 3/12) Accusative case Appam, Attaṁ (3/5) Appă, Attă (3/4, 3/18 Adam
Appe, Atte (3/4, 3/14)
Instrumental
Appeņa, Atteņa (3/6, Appehi, Appehim, Appehis, 3/14),
Attehi, Attehim, Attehin Appenam, Attenań (3/7, 3/15)
(1/27)
Dative & Genitive case Ablative case
Appassa, Attassa (3/10) Appatto, Appão,
Appāņa, Attāna (3/6, 3/12), Appāṇam, Attāņaṁ (1/27) Appatto, Appão, Appau,
Appāu, Appahi, Appähinto, Appäsunto, Appähinto, Appā, Appehi, Appehinto, Attatto, Attáo, Attāu, Appesunto, Attatto, Attāo, Attāhi, Attähinto, Attà Attāu, Attähinto, Attâsunto, (3/8, 3/12, 1/84) Attehi, Attehinto, Attesunto Appådo, Appădu, (3/8, 3/12, 3/13, 3/15, Attādo, Attadu (3/8) 1784)
Appado, Appădu,
Attado, Attadu (3/9) Appammi, Attammi, Appesu, Attesu (3/15), Appe, Atte (3/11) Appesuṁ, Attesuṁ (1/27) Adamhi?
Locative case
Vocative case He Appa, He Appä, He Appa, He Atta
He Appo, He Atta, (4/448) He Atta, He Atto (3/38)
1. Samayasára, Gatha - 31. 2. Samayasara, Gatha - 203.
134
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Page #148

Appăņa' (soul) (Similar to a-ending Masculine declension) Singular
Plural Nominative case Appāņo (3/2) Appāņā (3/4, 3/12) Accusative case Appānaṁ (3/5) Appāņā (3/4, 3/12), Ayäņam?
Appāņe (3/4, 3/14) Instrumental Appāņeņa
Appaņehi, Appāņehim, (3/6, 3/14) Appāņehiñ
Appāņeņaṁ (1/27) (3/7, 3/15) Dative & Appānassa (3/10) Appāņāņa (3/6, 3/12), Genitive case
Appāņāņaṁ (1/27) Ablative case Appāņatto, Appăņão, Appāņatto, Appāņão
Appāņāu, Appāņāhi Appāņāu, Appăņāhi, Appāņāhinto, Appāņā Appāņāhinto, Appāņāsunto, (3/8, 3/12, 1/84) Appänehi, Appāņehinto, Appāņado, Appaņādu Appāņesunto (3/9, 3/12 (3/8)
3/13, 3/15, 1/84) Appăņādo, Appaņádu
(3/9) Locative case Appāṇammi, Appāne Appāņesu (3/15),
(3/11), Ayāņe3 Appānesum (1/27) Appåņamhi,
Appaņamsi Vocative case He Appåņa, He Appăņā, He Appână (4/448)
He Appāņo (3/38)
1. Sutra 3/56. 2. Praksta Bhaşãoṁ ka Vyakarana, Dr. R. Pischel, P. 584. 3. Prákyta Bhåşãom Ka Vyakarana, Dr. R.Pischel, P. 586.
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Page #149

Attāņa' (soul) (Similar to a-ending Masculine declension)
Singular
Plural
Nominative case Attāņo (372)
Attăņa (3/4, 3/12)
Accusative case Attānam (3/5)
Attăņă (3/4, 3/12),
Attane (3/4, 3/14)
Instrumental
Attanena
(3/6, 3/14)
Attānenaṁ (1/27)
Attāņehi, Attāņehim, Attānehis (3/7, 3/15) Attāņāņa (3/6, 3/12), Attāņāņaṁ (1/27)
Dative &
Attānassa (3/10)
Genitive case
Ablative case
Attanatto, Attānão,
Attāņāu, Attăņāhi, Attāņāhinto, Attānā (3/8, 3/12, 1/84) Attāṇādo, Attäņādu (3/8)
Attāṇatto, Attāņão Attāņāu, Attāņāhi, Attānāhinto, Attāņāsunto, Attăņehi, Attāņehinto, Attāṇesunto (3/9, 3/12 3/13, 3/15, 1/84) Attāņādo, Attäņādu (3/9)
Locative case Attanammi, Attāne
Attänesu (3/15),
Attănesuń (1/27)
(3/11), Attāṇamhi, Attäņamsi
Vocative case He Attāna, He Attānā,
He Attānā (4/448)
He Attāņo (3/38)
1. Sutra 3/56.
136
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Page #150

Raya/Raa (King)
(Similar to a-ending Masculine declension)
Singular
Nominative case Rão1
Accusative case Rayam, Raam (3/5)
Instrumental Rayeṇa, Raena (3/6,
3/14), Rayenam,
Raenam (1/27)
Dative &
Genitive case
Ablative case
Locative case
Vocative case
Rayassa, Raassa
(3/10)

Raye, Rãe, Rayammi, Räammi
(3/11)
Rayamhi, Raamhi, Rayamsi, Raamsi
Räyähi, Rāyāhinto,
Raya, Raatto, Rãão, Rāău, Raahi, Raahinto, Raa (3/8, 3/12, 1/84) Rāyādo, Rāyādu, Räädo, Räädu
Rayatto, Rãyão, Rāyāu, Rāyatto, Rãyão, Rāyāu, Räyähi, Räyähinto, Rāyāsunto, Rayehi, Rayehinto, Rayesunto, Raatto, Rãão, Rāâu, Räähi, Räähinto, Rääsunto, Räehi, Räehinto, Raesunto, (3/9,3/12,3/13, 3/15, 1/84)
(3/8)
He Raya, He Rāyā, He Rayo, He Raa, He Rää, He Rão (3/38)
1. Kartikeyanuprekṣā, P. 123.
Advanced Präkrta Grammar
Plural
Rāyā, Rää (3/4, 3/12) Räyä, Raa (3/4, 3/12) Raye, Rãe (3/4, 3/14)
Rayehi, Rayehim, Rayehim, Räehi, Raehim, Raehim
(3/7, 3/15)
Rāyāṇa, Rāāṇa (3/6, 3/12) Rāyāṇam, Räāṇaṁ
(1/27)
Räyȧdo, Rāyādu,
Raado, Räädu (3/9)
Rayesu, Rãesu (3/15)
Raesum (1/27) Rayesum
He Rāyā, He Rää (4/448)

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Page #151

(Rāya/Ráa) (King)
(Different from a-ending Masculine declension)
Singular
Plural
Nominative case Raya (3/49)
Raiņo (3/50, 3/52)
Accusative case Rāiņaṁ (3/53)
Rāiņo (3/50, 3/52)
Instrumental
Rāiņā (3/51, 3/52), Rāihi, Rāihim, Räihin
Rannā (3/55),
(3/54, 3/7, 3/124, 3/16)
Rāyaṇā (3751)
Dative &
Genitive case
Ranno (3/55), Rāiņam (3/53), Raiņo (3/50, 3/52), Raiņa (3/54, 3/124, Rāyaṇo (3/50) 3/6)
Ablative case
Ranno (3/55), Räitto, Rāio, Rāju, Rāiņo (3/50, 3/52) Rāihinto, Rāisunto
(3/54, 3/9, 3/16,
3/127)
Locative case
Raisu (3/54, 3/16),
(3/52, 3/11,
Raisuṁ (1/27, 3/124)
3/128)
Vocative case
-
He Răino (4/448)
138
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Page #152

(Rayaņa)" (King) (Similar to a-ending Masculine declension) Singular
Plural Nominative case Rāyāņo (3/2) Rāyāņa (3/4, 3/12) Accusative case Rāyāṇam (3/5) Rāyāņā (3/4, 3/12)
Rāyāne (3/4, 3/14) Instrumental Rāyaṇena (3/6,
Rāyāņehi, Rāyānehim, 3/14),
Rāyāņehiṁ (3/7, 3/15) Rāyāņeņam (1/27) Dative &
Rāyānassa (3/10), Rāyāņāņa (3/6, 3/12), Genitive case
Rāyāņāņaṁ (1/27) Ablative case Rāyāṇatto, Rayāņão, Rāyānatto, Rāyānão, Rāyāņău, Rāyāņāhi, Rāyāņāu (3/9, 3/12,
1/84) Rāyāņāhi, Rāyānähinto, Rāyāņā Rāyāņāhinto, (3/8, 3/12, 1/84) Rāyāņāsunto (3/9, 3/13)
Rāyāņehi, Rayaņādo, Rayāņādu Rāyāņehinto, Rāyāṇesunto (3/8)
(3/9, 3/15) Rayāṇado, Räyäņadu (379)
Locative case Rāyāne, Rāyānammi Rāyāņesu (3/15), (3/11)
Rāyānesuṁ (1727) Rayāṇamhi, Rayāṇamsi Vocative case He Rāyāna, He Rāyānā, He Rāyāņā
He Rāyāno (3/38) (4/448)
1.
Sutra 3/56.
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Page #153

Masculine Pronouns: (Savva, Ta, Na, Ja, Ka, Eta, Ea, Ima,
Anna, Amu) a-ending:
(B) Declensional Forms of Pronouns
Neuter Pronouns :
140

Savva (All), Ta (He), Na (He), Ja (Who),
Ka (Who), Eta (This), Ea (This)
Ima (This), Anna (Other)
(Inflection according to Savva) u-ending:- Amu (This)
(Savva, Ta, Na, Ja, Ka, Eta, Ea, Ima, Anna, Amu)
a-ending: Savva (All), Ta (That), Na (That), Ja (Which), Ka (Who), Eta (This), Ea (This) Ima (This), Anna (Other)
(Inflection according to Savva) u-ending: Amu (This)

Advanced Präkṛta Grammar

Page #154

Feminine Pronouns:-(Savvā, Tā, Ti, Jā, Ji, Ka, Ki, Etă, Ea,
Imā, Annā, Amu) a-ending: Savvā (All), Tā (That) Jā (Which), Kā (Who), Etā (This), Ea (This), Imā (This), Anna (Other) (Inflection according to Savva) i-ending: Ti (She), Ji (Which), Ki (Who), Ei (This), Imi (This) u-ending: Amu (This)
In all (Mas.,Neu., Fem.) the Genders:- Amha (1), Tumha(You)
In this chapter Declension of Pronouns is given. In the pages to follow Declension forms of Pronouns used frequently in Śauraseni and Ardhamāgadhi Prākṣta have been shown in bold letter.
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Page #155

a-ending Masculine-Savva (All) Singular
Plural Nominative case Savvo (3/2), Savve (3758)
Savve Accusative case Savvaṁ (3/5)
Savvă (3/4, 3/12),
Savve (3/4, 3/14) Instrumental Savvena (3/6, 3/14) Savvehi, Savvehim,
Savvenaṁ (1/27) Savvehiṁ (3/7, 3/15) Dative
Savvaya (3/132) Savvăņa (3/131, 3/6, Savvassa (3/131, 3/12), Savvāņaṁ (1/27), 3/10)
Savvesiṁ (3/131, 3/61) Ablative case Savvatto, Savvão, Savvatto, Savvão, Savvau,
Savvău, Savvähi, (3/9, 3/12) Savvähinto, Savva Savvāhi, Savvähinto, (3/8, 3/12, 1/84), Savvāsunto, Savvehi, Savvado, Savvadu Savvehinto, Savvesunto (3/8)
(3/9, 3/13, 3/15),
Savvado, Savvádu (3/9) Genitive case Savvassa (3/10) Savvāna (3/6, 3/12),
Savvāņam (1/27), Savvesiṁ (3/61)
Locative case Savvassim, Savvammi, Savvesu (3/15),
Savvattha (3/59), Savvesuṁ (1727) Savvahim (3760) Savvamhi, Savvaṁsi
142
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Page #156

Ta (He)
a-ending Masculine
Singular
Plural
Te (3/58)
Nominative case So (3/86, 3/2), Se
Sa (3/3)
Accusative case Taṁ (3/5)
Te (3/4, 3/14), Tā (3/4, 3/12) Tehi, Tehim, Tehir (3/7, 3/15)
Instrumental
Tena (3/6, 3/14), Tenaṁ (1/27), Tiņā (3769)
Dative &
Tassa (3/10), Se (3/81),
Genitive case
Tāņa (3/6, 3/12), Tāņaṁ (1727) Tesis (3/61), Sim (3/81), Tāsa (3/62)
Tāsa (3/63)
Tatto, Tão, Tău, Tatto, Tão, Tàu Tähinto, Tähi, Ta (3/9, 3/12, 1/84), (3/8, 3/12, 1/84), Tāhi, Tāhinto, Tasunto Tamhå (3766), (3/9, 3/13) To (3/67),
Tehi, Tehinto, Tesunto Tädo, Tadu (3/8) (3/9, 3/15)
Tādo, Tadu (3/9) Tassim, Tammi, Tesu (3/15), Tattha (3/59) Tesuṁ (1/27) Tahim (3/60), Tähe, Tālā, Taià (3/65), Tamhi. Tamsi
Locative case
Advanced Prakrta Grammar
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Page #157

Singular
Nominative case So (3/86, 3/2)
Se, Sa (3/3)
Accusative case Nam (3/5)
Instrumental Nena (3/6, 3/14)
Nenam (1/27),
Nină (3/69)
Nassa (3/10)
Dative &
Genitive case
Ablative case
Locative case
1. Sutra 3/70.
Ta → Na1 (He)
a-ending Masculine
144

Natto, Não, Nãu,
Nähinto, Na(3/8, 3/12) Nado, Nadu (3/8)
Nassim, Nammi,
Nattha (3/59),
Nahim (3/60),
Nähe, Nälä, Naiā
(3/65),
Namhi, Namsi
Plural
Ne (3/58)
Ne (3/4, 3/14),
Nă (3/4, 3/12)
Nehi, Nehim, Nehim
(3/7, 3/15)
Nana (3/6, 3/12),
Nanam (1/27)
Natto, Não, Nau
(3/9, 3/12)
Nähi, Nähinto, Nasunto
(3/9, 3/13),
Nehi, Nehinto, Nesunto
(3/9, 3/15)
Nado, Nadu (3/9)
Nesu (3/15),
Nesum (1/27)

Advanced Prākṛta Grammar

Page #158

Ja (which or who) a-ending Masculine
Singular
Plural
Nominative case
Jo (3/2), Je
Je (3/58)
Accusative case Jam (3/5)
Je (3/4, 3/14), Jā (3/4, 3/12)
Instrumental
Jena (3/6, 3/14), Jenaṁ (1/27)
Jehi, Jehim, Jehir (3/7, 3/15)
Jina (3/69)
Dative & Jassa (3/10), Genitive case Jāsa (3/63)
Jāņa (3/6, 3/12), Jāņaṁ (1/27), Jesiṁ (3761)
Ablative case
Jatto, Jão, Jâu, Jatto, Jão, Jāu Jähinto, Jả
(3/9, 3/12, 1784), (3/8, 3/12, 1/84), Jāhi, Jāhinto, Jāsunto Jamhá (3/66), (3/9, 3/13), Jado, Jādu (3/8) Jehi, Jehinto, Jesunto
(3/9, 3/15), Jado, Jádu (3/9)
Locative case
Jassis, Jammi,
Jesu (3/15) Jesuṁ (1/27)
Jattha (3/59), Jahim (3/60), Jāhe, Jālā, Jaia
(3/65),
Jamhi. Jamsi
Advanced Prakrta Grammar
145

Page #159

Singular
Nominative case Ko (3/2), Ke
Accusative case Kam (3/5)
Instrumental Kena (3/6, 3/14),
Kenam (1/27)
Kiņā (3/69)
Dative &
Genitive case
Ablative case
Locative case
Ka (Who)
a-ending Masculine
146

Kassa (3/10),
Kāsa (3/63)
Katto, Kão, Kau,
Kähinto, Kā
(3/8, 3/12, 1/84), Kamha (3/66),
Kino, Kisa (3/68) Kado, Kādu (3/8)
Kassim, Kammi,
Kattha (3/59),
Kahim (3/60),
Kähe, Kālā, Kaiā
(3/65),
Kamhi, Kamsi
Plural
Ke (3/58)
Ke (3/4, 3/14),
Kā (3/4, 3/12)
Kehi, Kehim, Kehim (3/7, 3/15)
Kāna (3/6, 3/12),
Kānam (1/27),
Kāsa (3/62)
Kesim (3/61)
Katto, Kão, Kau
(3/9, 3/12, 1/84),
Kahi, Kähinto, Kasunto
(3/9, 3/13),
Kehi, Kehinto, Kesunto (3/9, 3/15), Kado, Kādu (3/9)
Kesu (3/15)
Kesum (1/27)

Advanced Präkṛta Grammar

Page #160

Singular
Nominative case Eso (3/86, 3/2)
Esa, Inam,
Inamo (3/85)
Accusative case Etam (3/5),
Dative & Genitive case
Instrumental Etena (3/6, 3/14),
Eteṇam (1/27),
Etina (3/69),
Edeṇa, Edenaṁ, Edina (4/260)
Etassa (3/10),
Se (3/81),
Edassa (4/260)
Ablative case
Eta (This)
a-ending Masculine
Locative case
Edam (4/260)

(3/82, 3/83)
Edȧdo, Edădu (3/8)
Advanced Präkṛta Grammar
Etassim,
Etammi (3/59)
Ayammi, İyammi
(3/59, 3/84),
Ettha (3/59, 3/83)
Etamhi, Etamsi
Plural
Ete (3/58),
Ede (4/260)
Ete (3/4, 3/14),
Etä (3/4, 3/12),
Ede, Edå (4/260)
Etatto, Etão, Etau
Etão, Etău, Etahi, Etähinto, Etä
(3/9, 3/12, 1/84),
(3/8, 3/12, 1/84), Etahi, Etähinto, Etasunto
Etto, Ettähe
(3/9, 3/13),
Etehi, Etehinto, Etesunto (3/9, 3/15)
Edado, Edȧdu (3/9)
Etehi, Etehim, Etehim
(3/7, 3/15),
Edehi, Edehim, Edehim (4/260)
Etāna (3/6, 3/12),
Etanam (1/27),
Etesim (3/61), Sim (3/81),
Edāņa, Edanaṁ,
Edesim (4/260)
Etesu (3/15),
Etesum (1/27)

147

Page #161

Eta - Ea (This)
a-ending Masculine Singular
Plural Nominative case Eso (3/86, 3/2) Ee (3758)
Esa, Inań,
Inamo (3785) Accusative case Eaṁ (3/5),
Ee (3/4, 3/14),
Eā (3/4, 3/12) Instrumental Eeņa (3/6, 3/14), Eehi, Eehim, Eehir
Eeņaṁ (1/27), (3/7, 3/15)
Eiņā (3769) Dative & Eassa (3/10), Eāņa (3/16, 3/12), Genitive case Se (3/81),
Eāņam (1/27),
Eesiṁ (3/61), Sim (3/81) Ablative case Eão, Eau, Eāhi,
Eatto, Eão, Eāu Eāhinto, Ea
(3/9, 3/12), (3/8, 3/12), Eāhi, Eāhinto, Easunto Etto, Ettāhe
(3/9, 3/13), (3/82, 3/83), Eehi, Eehinto, Eesunto Eado, Eadu (3/8) (3/9, 3/15)
Eado, Eadu (3/9) Locative case Eassim,
Eesu (3/15), Eammi (3759), Eesuṁ (1/27) Ayammi, İyammi (3/59, 3/84, 3/89), Ettha (3/59, 3/83), Eamhi, Eamsi
148
Advanced Prakrta Grammar

Page #162

Ima (This)
a-ending Masculine Singular
Plural Nominative case Imo (3/2).
Ime (3/58) Ayam (3/73)
Ime Accusative case Imaṁ (3/5),
Ime (3/4, 3/14), Inaṁ (3/78),
Ima (3/4, 3/12), Naṁ (3/77, 3/5) Ne (3/77, 3/14),
Nă (3/77, 3/4, 3/12) Instrumental Imena (3/6, 3/14), Imehi, Imehim, Imehiń
Imeņaṁ (1/27), (3/7, 3/15), Imina (3/69),
Nehi, Nehim, Nehiń Neņa, Neņas, Niņā (3/77, 3/7, 3/15) (3/77, 3/6, 3/14,
3/69) Dative & Imassa (3/10), Imāņa (3/6, 3/12), Genitive case Assa (3/74),
Imánań (1/27), Se (3/81)
Imesiṁ (3/61),
Sim (3/81) Ablative case Imatto, Imão, Imău, Imatto, Imão, Imáu,
Imáhi, Imahinto, Imá (3/9, 3/12, 1/84) (3/8, 3/12, 1/84), imahi, Imahinto, Imásunto Imádo, Imádu (3/8) (3/9, 3/13),
Imehi, Imehinto, Imesunto (3/9, 3/15)
Imádo, Imádu (3/9) Locative case Imassim, Imammi Imesu (3/15), (3/59, 3/76),
Imesum (1/27) Assiṁ (3/74), Iha (3/75),
Imamhi, Imamsi
Advanced Prakrta Grammar
149

Page #163

Amu (That)
u-ending Masculine
Singular
Plural
Nominative case Aha (3/87),
Amů (3/88)
Amau, Amao (3/20), Amuno (3/22), Amavo (3/21) Amu (3/124, 3/4, 3/12)
Accusative case Amuṁ (3/124, 3/5) Amuņo (3/22),
Amů (3/18)
Instrumental
Amuņā (3/24)
Amühi, Amůhim, Amūhir (3/124, 3/7, 3/16)
Dative &
Genitive case
Amussa (3/124, 3/10) Amuņo (3/23)
Amūņa (3/124, 3/6, 3/12), Amūnaṁ (1/27)
Ablative case
Amuņo (3/23, 3/125), Amutto, Amūo, Amùu, Amutto, Amuo, Amuu, Amūhinto, Amūsunto Amühinto (3/124, (3/124, 3/9, 3/16, 3/8, 3/12, 3/126, 3/127) 3/127),
Amüdo, Amudu Amúdo, Amudu (3/124, 3/9) (3/124, 3/8)
Amūsu (3/16, 3/15,
3/124)
Locative case Ayammi, lammi
(3/89), Amummi (3/124, 3/11),
Amūsum (1/27)
Amumhi, Amursi
150
Advanced Praksta Grammar

Page #164

Anna (Other)
a-ending Masculine
Singular
Plural
Nominative case Anno (3/2)
Anne (3758),
Anne
Accusative case Annam (3/5)
Anne (3/4, 3/14), Anna (3/4, 3/12)
Instrumental
Dative &
Annena (3/6, 3/14), Annehi, Annehim, Annehiń Annenaṁ (1/27) (3/7, 3/15) Annaya (3/132), Annāņa (3/131, 3/6, 3/12) Annassa (3/131, Annánaṁ (1/27), 3/10)
Annesim (3/131, 3/61)
Genitive case
Ablative case
Annatto, Annão, Annāu Annatto, Annão, Annāu Annähi, Annähinto, (3/9, 3/12, 1/84), Anna (3/8, 3/12, Annāhi, Annāhinto, 1/84),
Annásunto (3/9, 3/13), Annado, Annadu Annehi, Annehinto, (3/8)
Annesunto (3/9, 3/15),
Annado, Annadu (3/9) Annassa (3/10) Annāņa (3/6, 3/12),
Annāņam (1/27), Annesim (3/61)
Genitive case
Locative case
Annassim, Annammi, Annattha (3/59), Annahim (3/60),
Annesu (3/15), Annesuṁ (1/27)
Annamhi, Annaṁsi
Advanced Praksta Grammar
151

Page #165

Neuter-Savva (All)
Singular
Plural Nominative case Savvam (3/25) Savvāim, Savvāií,
Savvāni (3/26) Accusative case Savvam (3/5) Savvāim, Savvāiñ,
Savvāņi (3/26) Instrumental Savvena (3/6, 3/14), Savvehi, Savvehiń,
Savvenaṁ (1/27) Savvehiñ (3/7, 3/15) Dative Savvāya (3/132), Savvāņa (3/131, 3/6,
Savvassa (3/131. 3/12), 3/10)
Savvāņaṁ (1/27),
Savvesim (3/131, 3/61) Ablative case Savvatto, Savvão, Savvatto, Savvão, Savvāu,
Savvău, Savvāhi, (3/9, 3/12, 1/84), Savvāhinto, Savvă Savvāhi, Savvähinto, (3/8, 3/12, 1/84), Savvasunto, Savvehi, Savvado, Savvadu Savvehinto, Savvesunto (3/8)
(3/9, 3/13, 3/15) Savvado, Savvadu (3/9)
Genitive case
Savvassa (3/10)
Savvāna (3/6, 3/12), Savvāņam (1/27), Savvesiṁ (3/61)
Locative case
Savvassiṁ, Savvammi, Savvesu (3/15) Savvattha (3/59), Savvesuṁ (1/27) Savvahim (3760), Savvamhi, Savvaṁsi
152
Advanced Prākta Grammar

Page #166

Singular
Nominative case Tam (3/25)
Accusative case Tam (3/5)
Instrumental
Dative &
Genitive case
Ablative case
Locative case
Neuter-Ta (He)

Tena (3/6, 3/14)
Tenam (1/27)
Tiņā (3/69)
Tassa (3/10),
Täsa (3/63)
Se (3/81)
Advanced Präkṛta Grammar
Plural
Taim, Taim, Tani (3/26)
Taim, Taim, Tani (3/26)
Tehi, Tehim, Tehim
(3/7, 3/15)
Tána (3/6, 3/12),
Tāṇam(1/27),
Tesim (3/61), Sim (3/81),
Tāsa (3/62)
Tatto, Tão, Tău, Tahi, Tatto, Tão, Tău
Tahinto, Tā (3/8,
3/12, 1/84)
Tamha (3/66)
To (3/67),
Tado, Tadu (3/8)
(3/9, 3/12, 1/84),
Tâhi, Tahinto, Tasunto
(3/9, 3/13),
Tehi, Tehinto, Tesunto
(3/9, 3/15),
Tado, Tādu (3/9)
Tassim, Tammi,
Tattha (3/59),
Tahim (3/60),
Tähe, Tālā, Taia (3/65),
Tamhi, Tamsi
Tesu (3/15),
Tesum (1/27)

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Neuter-Ta - Ņa (He)
Singular
Plural
Nominative case Ņam (3/25)
Năim, Nair, Nāņi (3/26)
Accusative case Nam (3/5)
Náis, Nāiñ, Nāņi (3/26)
Instrumental
Ņeņa (3/6, 3/14) Nenam (1/27) Ņiņā (3/69)
Nehi, Nehim, Nehiñ (3/7, 3/15)
Dative &
Nassa (3/10),
Ņāna (3/6, 3/12), Nánaṁ (1/27),
Genitive case
Ablative case
Natto, Não, Náu, Nāhi, Natto, Não, Ņau Nāhinto, Nā (3/8, (3/9, 3/12, 1/84), 3/12, 1/84) Ņāhi, Náhinto, Năsunto Ņado, Ņadu (3/8) (3/9, 3/13),
Nehi, Nehinto, Nesunto
(3/9, 3/15), Ņādo, Ņadu (3/9)
Locative case Nassim, Nammi, Ņesu (3/15),
Nattha (3/59) Nesum (1/27) Nahim (3/60), Nähe, Nālā, Ņai) (3/65), Ņamhi, Ņamsi
154
Advanced Prakrta Grammar

Page #168

Neuter- Ja (Who Which)
Singular
Plural
Nominative case Jam (3/25)
Jāim, Jāiñ, Jāņi (3/26)
Accusative case Jaṁ (3/5)
Jāim, Jāiñ, Jāņi (3/26)
Instrumental
Jeņa (3/6, 3/14) Jenam (1/27) Jiņā (3/69)
Jehi, Jehim, Jehin (3/7, 3/15)
Dative &
Jassa (3/10),
Jāņa (3/6, 3/12), Jāņaṁ (1/27),
Genitive case
Jāsa (3/63)
Jesim (3/61)
Ablative case
Jatto, Jão, Jau, Jahi,
Jähinto, Jå (3/8,
3/12, 1/84)
Jamhå (3766) Jado, Jádu (3/8)
Jatto, Jão, Jau (3/9, 3/12, 1/84), Jāhi, Jāhinto, Jāsunto (3/9, 3/13), Jehi, Jehinto, Jesunto (379, 3/15), Jado, Jádu (3/9)
Locative case
Jassim, Jammi,
Jesu (3/15),
Jattha (3/59),
Jesuṁ (1/27)
Jahiṁ (3/60),
Jahe, Jālā, Jaia (3/65),
Jamhi, Jaṁsi
Advanced Praksta Grammar
155

Page #169

Instrumental
Nominative case Kim (3/80)
Accusative case Kim (3/80)
Dative &
Genitive case
Ablative case
Locative case
156
Neuter- Ka (Who)

Singular
Kena (3/6, 3/14)
Kenam (1/27)
Kina (3/69)
Kassa (3/10),
Kāsa (3/63)
Plural
Kaim, Käim, Kāni (3/26)
Käim, Kaim, Kāni (3/26
Kehi, Kehim, Kehim
(3/7, 3/15)
Kāna (3/6, 3/12),
Kāṇam (1/27),
Kāsa (3/62),
Kesim (3/61)
Katto, Kão, Kau, Kahi, Katto, Kão, Kau
Kähinto, Ka (3/8,
3/12, 1/84)
Kamha (3/66)
Kino, Kisa (3/68)
Kādo, Kādu (3/8)
(3/9, 3/12, 1/84),
Kähi, Kähinto, Kasunto (3/9, 3/13),
Kehi, Kehinto, Kesunto (3/9, 3/15), Kado, Kādu (3/9)
Kesu (3/15),
Kesum (1/27)
Kassim, Kammi,
Kattha (3/59)
Kahim (3/60),
Kähe, Kālā, Kaia (3/65),
Kamhi, Kamsi

Advanced Präkṛta Grammar

Page #170

Neuter- Eta (This) Singular
Plural Nominative case Esa, Inań,
Etaiṁ, Etäiỉ, Etāni (3/26) Iñamo (3/85), Edăim, Edāií, Etaṁ (3/25)
Edāņi (3/26) Accusative case Etam (3/5),
Etain, Etim, Etăni (3/26) Edam (4/260) Edāim, Edāiń,
Edāņi (4/260) Instrumental Eteņa (3/6, 3/14), Etehi, Etehim, Etehis
Eteņaṁ (1/27), (317, 3/15) Etiņā (3769), Edehi, Edehim, Edeņa, Edenam, Edehiṁ (4/260)
Ediņa (4/260) Dative & Etassa (3/10), Etāna (3/6, 3/12), Genitive case Se (3/81),
Etānam (1/27), Edassa (4/260) Etesiṁ (3/61),
Sim (3/81), Edāņa, Edāņań,
Edesim (4/260) Ablative case Etão, Etau, Etähi, Etatto, Etão, Etàu Etähinto, Eta
(3/9, 3/12, 1/84), (3/8, 3/12), Etähi, Etăhinto, Etasunto, Etto, Ettahe
Etehi, Etehinto, Etesunto (3/82, 3/83), (3/9, 3/13, 3/15), Edado, Edádu (3/8) Edado, Edadu (3/9)
Locative case
Etesu (3/15), Etesuṁ (1/27), Edesu, Edesuṁ (4/260)
Etassim, Etammi (3/59), Ayammi, Iyammi (3/59, 3/84), Ettha (3/59, 3/83) Etamhi, Etaṁsi
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Page #171

Singular
Esa, Inam,
Inamo (3/85),
Eam (3/25)
Accusative case Eam (3/5)
Instrumental
Nominative case
Dative &
Genitive case
Ablative case
Locative case
158
Neuter- Eta

Eena (3/6, 3/14),
Eenam (1/27),
Eină (3/69)
Eassa (3/10),
Se (3/81),
Eão, Eau, Eahi,
Eähinto, Ea
(3/8, 3/12)
Etto, Ettähe
-
(3/82, 3/83),
Eȧdo, Eadu (3/8)
Ea (This)
Plural
Eaim, Eaim, Eāni (3/26)
Eassim,
Eammi (3/59),
Ayammi, İyammi
(3/59, 3/84, 3/89),
Ettha (3/59, 3/83) Eamhi, Eamsi
Eaim, Eaim, Eāni (3/26)
Eehi, Eehim, Eehim
(3/7, 3/15)
Eāṇa (3/6, 3/12),
Eanam (1/27),
Eesim (3/61),
Sim (3/81)
Eatto, Eão, Eau
(3/9, 3/12)
Eahi, Eähinto, Easunto,
(3/9, 3/13),
Eehi, Eehinto, Eesunto
(3/9, 3/15), Eado, Eadu (3/9)
Eesu (3/15),
Eesum (1/27)

Advanced Präkṛta Grammar

Page #172

Neuter- Ima (This)
Singular
Plural
Nominative case Idam, Inamo,
Inaṁ (3/79)
Imáim, Imāiñ, Imāņi (3/26) Imáiṁ, Imāií, Imāņi (3/26)
Accusative case Idaṁ, Iņamo, Inań
(3/78, 3/79)
Nam1
Instrumental
Imeņa (3/6, 3/14) Imeņam (1/27) Imiņā (3/69), Nena, Nenar, Nina (3/77, 3/6, 3/14, 3/69)
imehi, Imehis, Imehiń
(3/7, 3/15) Nehi, Nehim, Nehis (3/77, 3/7, 3/15)
Dative & Genitive case
Imassa (3/10), Assa (3/74), Se (3781)
Imāņa (3/6, 3/12), Imánam (1/27), Imesim (3/61), Sim (3/81)
Ablative case
Imatto, Imão, Imāu, Imahi, Imahinto, (3/8, 3/12, 1/84), Imádo, Imádu (3/8)
Imatto, Imão, Imáu, Imāhi, Imāhinto, Imăsunto, Imehi, Imehinto, Imesunto, (3/9, 3/12, 3/13, 3/15)
Imádo, Imádu (3/9)
Locative case
Imassiṁ (3/59, 3/76) Imesu (3/15), Assim (3/74), Imesuṁ (1/27) Tha (3/75), Imamhi, Imamsi
1. Prākrta Bhāskom ka Vyakarana, Dr. R. Pischel, P. 641.
Advanced Prakrta Grammar
159

Page #173

Neuter- Amu (That)
Singular
Plural
Nominative case Aha (3/87),
Amũim, Amúiń, Amum (3/88, 3/25) Amūņi (3/26)
Accusative case Amuṁ (3/124, 3/5)
Amūim, Amüis, Amūņi (3/26)
Instrumental
Amuna (3/24)
Amūhi, Amūhiṁ, Amūhis (3/124, 377, 3/16)
Dative &
Amussa (3/124,
Amuna (3/124, 376, 3/12) Amunaṁ (1/27)
Genitive case
3/10)
Amuņo (3/23)
Ablative case
Amuņo (3723), Amutto, Amuo, Amūu, Amutto, Amūo, Amūu, Amūhinto, Amúsunto, Amūhinto (3/124, (3/124, 3/9, 3/16, 3/8, 3/12, 3/126, 3/127) Amudo, Amūdu 3/127)
(3/124. 3/9)
Amūdo, Amūdu (3/124, 3/8)
Locative case Ayammi,
Amūsu (3/16),
lammi (3/89),
Amūsuṁ (1/27)
Amummi
(3/124, 3/11), Amumhi, Amuṁsi
160
Advanced Prakrta Grammar

Page #174

Neuter- Anna (Other)
Singular
Plural
Nominative case Annaṁ (3/25).
Annáim, Annaiṁ, Annāņi (3/26)
Accusative case Annaṁ (3/5),
Annaiṁ, Annāiñ, Annáni (3/26)
Instrumental
Annena (3/6, 3/12), Annehi, Annehir, Annehiń Anneņam (1/27) (3/7, 3/15)
Dative
Annaya (3/132), Annassa (3/131, 3/10)
Annāna (3/6, 3/12), Annāņaṁ (1/27), Annesim (3/131, 3/61)
Ablative case
Annatto, Annão,
Annâu, Annähi,
Annähinto, Anna (3/8, 3/12, 1/84) Annado, Annadu (3/8)
Annatto, Annão, Annău, (3/9, 3/12, 1/84), Annāhi, Annähinto, Annasunto (379, 3/13), Annehi, Annehinto, Annesunto (3/9, 3/15) Annádo, Annadu (3/9)
Genitive case
Annassa (3/10)
Annāņa (3/6, 3/12), Annāņaṁ (1/27), Annesiṁ (3/61)
Annesu (3/15), Annesum (1/27)
Locative case Annessim, Annammi,
Annattha (3/59) Annahim (3760) Annamhi, Annamsi
Advanced Praksta Grammar
161

Page #175

å-ending Feminine - Savvå (All)
Singular
Plural
Nominative case Savvā (4/448)
Savvã (3/124, 3/4),
Savvău, Savvão (3/271
Accusative case Savvaṁ (3/124,
Savvă (3/124, 3/4),
3/5, 3/36)
Savvāu, Savvão (3/27)
Instrumental
Savvāa, Savvai,
Savvāhi, Savvāhim,
Savvae (3/29, 3/30)
Savvāhiṁ (3/124, 3/7)
Dative &
Savvāa, Savvăi,
Savvāņa (3/124, 3/6)
Genitive case
Savvāe (3/29, 3/30)
Savvānam (1/27)
Savvesiṁ (3/61)
Ablative case
Savvaa, Savvãi, Savvatto, Savvão, Savvău, Savvãe (3/29, 3/30), Savvåhinot, Savvāsunto, Savvatto, Savvão, (3/124, 3/9, 3/127)
Savvău, Savvähinto
Savvado, Savvādu
(3/124, 3/8,
(3/124, 3/9)
3/126, 3/127)
Savvado, Savvādu (3/124, 3/8)
Locative case
Savvãa, Savvãi,
Savvāsu, Savvāsum
Savväe (3/29. 3/30)
(4/448)
162
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Feminine - Tà (She)
Plural
Singular Nominative case Sa (3/86, 4/448)
Tā (3/124, 3/4).
Accusative case Tam (3/124, 3/5,
Tầu, Tao (3/27) Ta (3/1 24, 3/4), Tầu, Tao (3/27)
3/36)
Instrumental
Taa, Tāi, Táe
Tāhi, Tāhim, Tāhiñ
Dative &
Genitive case
(3/29, 3/30) (3/124, 3/7) Tậa, Tai, Tae
Tāna (3/124, 3/6), (3/29, 3/30) Tāsa (3763), Tāņam (1/27), Se (3/81)
Sim (3/81),
Tesiṁ (3761) Tatto, Tão, Tàu, Tatto, Tảo, Tau, Tahinto Tähinto (3/124, Tåsunto (3/124, 3/9, 3/8, 3/126, 3/127) 3/127) Taa, Tāi, Tãe (3729) Tado, Tadu (3/124, 3/9) Tado, Tadu (3/124, 3/8)
Ablative case
Locative case
Taa, Tai, Tae
Tasu, Tasuṁ (4/448)
(3/29, 3/30)
Tāhim (3/60)
Advanced Praksta Grammar
163

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Feminine - Ta> Ņa (This)
Singular
Plural
Nominative case Nā (4/448)
Na (3/124, 3/4), Nāu, Não (3727)
Accusative case Naṁ (3/124, 3/5,
Na (3/124, 3/4),
3/36)
Nāu, Não (3/27)
Instrumental
Nãa, Nāi, Nāe (3/29, 3/30)
Nāhi, Nāhiṁ, Nahin (3/124, 3/7)
Dative &
Nāņa (3/124, 3/6),
Genitive case
Nāa, Ņãi, Nãe (3/29, 3/30) Ņāsa (3763), Se (3781)
Nāņaṁ (1/27), Sim (3/81), Nesim (3761)
Ablative case
Nãa, Nãi, Nae
Natto, Não, Nāu, Nāhinto, (3/29, 3/30) Ņāsunto (3/124, 3/9, Natto, Não, Nāu, 3/127) Nāhinto (3/124, Ņado, Ņādu (3/124, 3/9) 3/8, 3/126, 3/127) Ņädo, Ņādu (3/124, 3/8)
Locative case Nåa, Nai, Nae
Nāsu, Nāsus (4/448)
(3/29, 3/30) Ņāhim (3760)
164
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Page #178

Feminine - Ti '(That)
Singular
Plural
Nominative case Tia (3/28)
Tiu, Tio (3/27), Tia (3/28) Ti (3/124, 3/4)
Accusative case
Tiu, Tio (3/27), Tia (3/28)
Ti (3/18)
Instrumental
Tia, Tia, Tii,
Tihi, Tihim, Tihin (3/124, 3/7, 3/16)
Tie (3/29)
Dative &
Tia, Tia, Tii
Genitive case
Tie (3/29) Tissa, Tise (3/64)
Ablative case
Tia, Tīā, Tīi, Tie
(3/29)
Titto, Tio, Tiu, Tihinto, Tīsunto (3/124, 3/9, 3/16, 3/127) Tido, Tidu (3/124, 3/9)
Titto, Tio, Tiu, Tīhinto (3/124, 3/8, 3/126, 3/127) Tido, Tidu (3/124, 3/8)
Locative case
Tia, Tia, Tii, Tie
Tisu (3/16),
(3/29)
Tisuri (1/27)
1. Sutra 3/31
Advanced Praksta Grammar
165

Page #179

Feminine - Ja (Who)
Singular
Plural
Nominative case Ja (4/448)
Jāu, Jão (3/27), Jā (3/124, 3/4)
Accusative case Jam (3/124, 3/5,
Jāu, Jão (3/27), Jā (3/124, 3/4)
3/36)
Instrumental
Jāhi, Jāhim, Jāhin
Jāa, Jāi, Jāe (3/29, 3/30)
(3/124, 3/7)
Dative &
Jāa, Jāi, Jāe (3/29, 3/30)
Genitive case
Jāņa (3/124, 3/6) Jāņaṁ (1/27), Jesiṁ (3/61)
Ablative case
Jāa, Jāi, Jãe (3/29)
Jatto, Jão, Jāu, Jāhinto (3/124, 3/8, 3/126,
Jatto, Jão, Jāu, Jāhinto, Jāsunto (3/124, 3/9, 3/127) Jādo, Jadu (3/124, 3/9)
3/127)
Jādo, Jādu
(3/124, 3/8)
Locative case
Jāsu (4/448)
Jāa, Jāi, Jāe (3/29, 3/30),
Jāsuṁ (1/27)
Jāhim (3/60)
166
Advanced Praksta Grammar

Page #180

Feminine. Ji' (Who)
Singular
Plural
Nominative case Jia (3/28)
Jiu, Jio (3/27), Jia (3/28)
Ji (3/124, 3/4)
Accusative case -
Jiu, Jio (3/27), Jia (3/28) Ji (3/18)
Instrumental
Jia, Jia, Jii.
Jihi, Jihim, Jihin (3/124, 3/7, 3/16)
Jie (3/29)
Dative &
Jia, Jiä, Jii, Jie (3/29)
Genitive case
Jissa, Jise (3/64)
Ablative case
Jia, Jiā, Jii,
Jitto, Jio, Jiu, Jihinjo, Jie (3/29)
Jisunto (3/124, 3/9, Jitto, Jio, Jiu,
3/16, 3/127) Jihinto (3/124, Jido, Jidu (3/124, 3/9) 3/8, 3/126, 3/127), Jido, Jidu (3/124, 3/8)
Locative case
Jia, Jia, Jii, Jie
Jisu, (3/16),
(3/29)
Jisum (1/27)
1.
Sutra 3/31
Advanced Prakrta Grammar
167

Page #181

Nominative case Kå (4/448)
Accusative case Kam (3/124, 3/5,
3/36)
Dative &
Instrumental Kaa, Käi, Käe
(3/29, 3/30)
Genitive case
Ablative case
Feminine - Kȧ (Who)
Locative case
Singular
168

Kāa, Käi, Käe
(3/29, 3/30)
Kāa, Kai, Käe
(3/29, 3/30)
Katto, Kão, Kău,
Kähinto (3/124,
3/8, 3/126, 3/127),
Kādo, Kādu
(3/124, 3/8)
Kaa, Kāi, Käe
(3/29, 3/30),
Kähim (3/60)
Plural
Kau, Kão (3/27),
Ka (3/124, 3/4)
Kau, Kão (3/27),
Kå (3/124, 3/4)
Kahi, Kähim, Kähim
(3/124, 3/7)
Kāņa (3/124, 3/6),
Kāsa (3/63)
Kāṇam (1/27),
Kesim (3/61)
Katto, Kão, Kau, Kähinto,
Kasunto (3/124, 3/9,
3/127)
Kado, Kādu (3/124, 3/9)
Kāsu (4/448),
Käsum (1/27)

Advanced Präkṛta Grammar

Page #182

Feminine - Ki (Who)
Singular
Plural
Nominative case Kia (3/28)
Kiu, Kio (3/27),
Kia (3/28)
Accusative case -
Ki (3/124, 3/4) Kiu, Kio (3/27), Kia (3/28)
Ki (3/18)
Instrumental
Kia, Kia, Kii,
Kihi, Kihim, Kihis
Kie (3729)
(3/124, 3/7, 3/16)
Dative &
Kia, Kia, Kii,
Genitive case
Kie (3/29)
Kissa, Kise (3/64)
Ablative case
Kia, Kia, Kii, Kie
Kitto, Kio, Kiu, Kihinko, Kisunto (3/124, 3/9,
(3729),
Kitto, Kio, Kiu,
3/16, 3/127),
Kihinto (3/124,
Kido, Kidu (3/124. 3/9)
3/8, 3/126,
3/127)
Kido, Kidu (3/124, 3/8)
Locative case
Kia, Kia, Kii, Kie
Kisu (3/16), Kisum (1/27)
(3/29)
Advanced Praksta Grammar
169

Page #183

Feminine - Eta → Ea (This)
Singular
Plural
Nominative case Esä (4/448)
Eāu, Eảo (3/27),
Eā (3/124, 3/4)
Accusative case Eaṁ (3/124, 3/5,
Eau, Eão (3/27),
3/36)
Ea (3/124, 3/4)
Instrumental
Eāa, Eāi, Eke (3/29, 3/30)
Eāhi, Eahim, Eāhis (3/124, 3/7)
Dative &
Eāņa (3/124, 3/6),
Eāa, Eai, Eke (3/29, 3/30)
Genitive case
Se (3/81) Eāņaṁ (1/27),
Sim (3/81)
Ablative case
Eatto, Eattāhe (3782), Eatto, Eảo, Eâu, Eva, Eải, Eae (3/29), Eahinto, Easunto Eão, Eāu, Eāhinto (3/124, 3/9, 3/127), (3/124, 3/8, Eado, Eadu (3/124, 3/9)
3/126, 3/127)
Eado, Eadu
(3/124, 3/8)
Locative case
Eaa, Eāi, Eãe
Eāsu (4/448),
(3/29, 3/30)
Eāsum (1/27)
170
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Page #184

Nominative case
Dative &
Accusative case Eim (3/124, 3/5,
Genitive case
Ablative case
Instrumental Eia, Eia, Eii,
Locative case
Singular
Ei (3/19),
Eia (3/28)

3/36)
Feminine - Ei (This)
Eie (3/29)
Eia, Eiȧ, Eii,
Eie (3/29)
Eia, Eia, Eii, Eie
(3/29)
Eitto, Eio, Eiu,
Eihinto (3/124,
3/8, 3/126,
3/127),
Eido, Eidu
(3/124, 3/8)
Eia, Eia, Eii, Eie
(3/29)
Advanced Präkṛta Grammar
Plural
Eiu, Eio (3/27),
Eia (3/28)
Ei (3/124, 3/4)
Eiu, Eio (3/27),
Eia (3/28)
Ei (3/18)
Eihi, Eihim, Eihim
(3/124, 3/7, 3/16)
Eina (3/124, 3/6),
Einam (1/27)
Eitto, Eio, Eiu, EihinEo,
Eisunto (3/124, 3/9,
3/16, 3/127)
Eido, Eidu (3/124, 3/9)
Eisu, (3/16),
Eisum (1/27)

171

Page #185

Nominative case Imă (4/448)
Imia (3/73)
Instrumental
Accusative case Imam (3/124,
3/5, 3/36)
Dative &
Genitive case
Ablative case
Locative case
Feminine Imȧ (This)
172
Singular

Imäa, Imai,
Imäe (3/29, 3/30)
Imãa, Imai,
Imäe (3/29, 3/30)
Se (3/81)
Imȧa, Imai,
Imae (3/29, 3/30),
Imatto, Imão, Imău,
Imähinto (3/124,
3/8, 3/126,
3/127)
Imádo, Imădu
(3/124, 3/8)
Imâa, Imai, Imãe
(3/29, 3/30)
Plural
Imau, Imão (3/27),
Ima (3/124, 3/4)
Imau, Imão (3/27),
Imă (3/124, 3/4)
Imahi, Imähim, Imāhim
(3/124, 3/7)
Imāna (3/124, 3/6),
Imāṇam (1/27),
Sim (3/81)
Imesim (3/61)
Imatto, Imão, Imău,
Imähinto, Imãsunto
(3/124, 3/9, 3/127),
Imádo, Imádu (3/124,
3/9)
Imãsu (4/448),
Imãsum (1/27)

Advanced Prākṛta Grammar

Page #186

Feminine . Imi (This)
Singular
Plural
Nominative case
Imi (3/19),
Imiu, Imio (3/27), Imia (3/28)
Imia (3/28)
Imi (3/124, 3/4)
Accusative case Imim (3/124, 3/5,
Imiu, Imio (3/27),
3/36)
Imia (3/28) Imi (3/18)
Imnstrumental Imia, Imia, Imii,
Imihi, Imihim, Imihiń
Imie (3/29)
(3/124, 3/7, 3/16)
Dative &
Imia, Imiā, Imii,
Imiņa (3/124, 3/6),
Genitive case
Imie (3/29)
Iminaṁ (1727)
Ablative case
Imia, Imia, Imii, Imie
(3/29),
Imitto, Imio, Imiu, Imihinto, Imisunto (3/124, 3/9, 3/16, 3/127) Imido, Imidu (3/124,
Imitto, Imio,
Imiu, Imihinto
(3/124, 3/8,
3/9)
3/126, 3/127)
Imido, Imidu
(3/124, 3/8)
Locative case
Imia, Imiā, Imii, Imie
Imisu, (3/16),
(3/29)
Imisuń (1/27)
Advanced Pråksta Grammar
173

Page #187

Feminine - Amu (That)
Singular
Plural
Nominative case Aha (3/87),
Amüu, Amuo (3/27),
Amů(3/88, 3/19)
Amú (3/124, 3/4, 3/12)
Accusative case Amum (3/1 24, 3/5) Amūu, Amūo (3/27),
Amů (3/18)
Imnstrumental Amūa, Amūā, Amūi,
Amühi, Amuhim, Amūhis
Amūe (3/29)
(3/124, 3/7, 3/16)
Dative &
Amūa, Amúa, Amui,
Amūņa (3/124, 3/6,
Genitive case
Amūe (3/29)
3/12)
Amūnaṁ (1/27)
Ablative case
Amūa, Amùa, Amúi,
Amūtto, Amuo, Amūu,
Amūe (3/29),
Amühinto, Amúsunto
Amutto, Amūo,
(3/124, 3/9,
Amūu, Amūhinto
3/16, 3/127)
(3/124,3/8, 3/12, Amudo, Amudu
3/126, 3/127)
(3/124, 3/9)
Amúdo, Amūdu
13/124, 3/8)
Locative case Amūa, Amūā, Amūi,
Amūsu, (3/16),
Amūe (3/29)
Amūsuṁ (1/27)
174
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Page #188

Nominative case Anna (4/448)
Dative &
Instrumental Annaa, Annai, Annǎe
(3/29, 3/30)
Genitive case
Accusative case Annam (3/124, 3/5, Annău, Annão (3/27),
3/36)
Anna (3/124, 3/4)
Ablative case
Feminine - Anna (Other)
Singular
Locative case

Annāa, Annai, Annãe
(3/29, 3/30)
Advanced Präkṛta Grammar
Plural
Annaa, Annai,
Annãe (3/29, 3/30)
Annău, Annão (3/27),
Anna (3/124, 3/4)
Annähi, Annāhim, Annāhim
(3/124, 3/7)
Annaa, Annai, Annãe
(3/29, 3/30),
Annähinto, Annāsunto
Annatto, Annão, Annãu, (3/124, 3/9, 3/127),
Annähinto (3/124, Annado, Annādu
3/8, 3/126, 3/127) (3/124, 3/9)
Annado, Annādu
(3/8)
Annana (3/124, 3/6),
Anṇāṇam (1/27),
Annatto, Annão, Annāu,
Annāsu (4/448),
Annasum (1/27)

175

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In all the three Genders Masculine, Feminine, Neuter - Tumha (You)
Singular Nominative case Tam, Tum, Tumam, Tuvam, Tuha (3/90) Accusative case Tam, Tum, Tumam, Tuvam, Tuha, Tume, Tue (3 Instrumental Tumam, Tai, Tae, Tumai, Tumai, Tume, Tumae, Bhe,
Di, De, Te (3/94) Dative & Tai, Tuva, Tuma, Tuha, Tuhar, Tumhań, Tume, Genitive case Tumo, Tumăi, Tubbha, Ubbha, Uyha, Di, De, I, E, Tu,
Te (3/99) Tumha, Tujjha, Umha, Ujjha (3/104, 3/991)
Ablative case
Taitto, Taio, Taiu, Taihinto, Tuvatto, Tuvão, Tuvāu, Tuvāhi, Tuvähinto, Tuvā, Tumatto, Tumão, Tumáu, Tumāhi, Tumahinto, Tumā, Tuhatto, Tuhảo, Tuhāu, Tuhāhi, Tuhāhinto, Tuhā, Tubbhatto, Tubbhão, Tubbhāu, Tubbhāhi, Tubbhāhinto , Tubbhā (3/96, 3/8, 3/12), Tuyha, Tubbha, Tahinto (3/97), Tumhatto, Tumhão, Tumhâu, Tumhahi, Tumhāhinto, Tumha, Tujjhatto, Tujjhảo, Tujjhâu, Tujjhāhi, Tujjhåhinto, Tujjhà (3/104), Taido, Taidu, Tuvádo, Tuvādu, Tumado, Tumádu, Tuhado, Tuhádu, Tubbhādo, Tubbhâdu, Tumhado, Tumhādu, Tujjhādo, Tujjhádu (3/96, 3/8, 3/12)
1. Hemacandra's Commentary Sutra 3/99
176
Advanced Prāksta Grammar

Page #190

In all the three Genders Masculine, Feminine, Neuter - Tumha (You)
Plural
Nominative case Tujjha, Tumha, Tubbhe, Tuyhe, Uyhe, Bhe (3/91),
Tumhe, Tujjhe Accusative case Tujjha, Tubbhe, Tuyhe, Uyhe, Bhe, Vo (3/93)
Tumhe, Tujjhe Instrumental Tumhehim, Tubbhehim, Tujjhehim, Ujjhehir, Tuyhehim,
Uyhehis, Umhehis, Bhe (3/95) Dative & Tubbha, Tubbhań, Tubbhåņa, Tuvāna, Tumāņa, Tuhāna, Genitive case Umhäņa, Tu, Vo, Bhe (3/100),
Tumhāna, Tujjhāņa (3/104, 3/6, 3/12), TubbhāņamTuvānań, Tumāņań, Tuhāņań, Umhänań, Tumhanam, Tujjhanaṁ (1/27)
Ablative case
Tubbhatto, Tubbháo, Tubbháu, Tubbhähi, Tubbhähinto,
Tubbhåsunto, Tubbhehi, Tubbhehinto, Tubbhesunto, Tuyhatto, Tuyhão, Tuyhâu, Tuthihi, Tuyhahinto, Tuyhásunto, Tuyhehi, Tuyhehinto, Tuyhesunto, Uyhatto, Vyhão, Uyhảu, Uyhāhi, Vyháhinto, Vyhásunto, Uyhehi, Uyhehinto, Uyhesunto, Umhatto, Umhão, Umhâu, Umhāhi, Umhähinto, Umhåsunto, Umhehi, Umhehinto, Umhesunto (3/98, 3/9, 3/12, 3/13, 3/15), Tumhatto, Tumhão, Tumhāu, Tumhähi, Tumhåhinto, Tumhāsunto, Tumhehi, Tumhehinto, Tumhesunto, Tujjhatto, Tujjhão, Tujjhāu, Tujjhāhi, Tujjhåhinto, Tujjhåsunto, Tujjhehi, Tujjhehinto, Tujjhesunto (3/104, 3/9, 3/12, 3/13, 3/15), Tubbhảdo, Tubbhádu, Tuyhädo, Tuyhădu, Vyhảdo, Uyhadu, Umhädo, Umhādu, Tumhado, Tumhadu, Tujjhado,
Tujj hádu (3/98, 3/9)
Advanced Präkrta Grammar
177

Page #191

Locative case
1.
178
Singular

Tai, Tae, Tumai, Tumae. Tume (3/101),
Tummi (3/102, 3/59)2
Tuvammi, Tumammi, Tuhammi, Tubbhammi, Tuvassim,
Tumassim, Tuhassim, Tubbhassim,
Tuvattha, Tumattha, Tuhattha,
Tubbhattha (3/102, 3/59),
Tuvahim, Tumahim, Tuhahim, Tubbhahim
(3/102, 3/60),
Tuve, Tume, Tuhe, Tubbhe (3/102, 3/11)
Tumhe, Tujjhe, Tumhammi, Tujjhammi, Tumhassim,
Tujjhassim, Tumhattha, Tujjhattha, Tumhahim, Tujjhahim (3/104, 3/11, 3/59, 3/60)
Hemacandra's Commentary Sūtra 3/59

Advanced Präkṛta Grammar

Page #192

Plural
Locative case
Tusu (3/103, 4/448)
Tuvesu, Tumesu, Tuhesa, Tubbhesu (3/103, 3/15), Tumhesu, Tujjhesu (3/104, 3/15), Tuvasu, Tumasu, Tuhasu, Tubbhasu, Tumhasu, Tujjhasu, Tubbhåsu, Tumhásu, Tujjhásu (3/103)" Tuvasuń, Tumasuń, Tuhasuń, Tubbhasuń, Tumhasur,
Tujjhasuń, Tuvesuń, Tumesum, Tuhesuń, Tubbhesuṁ,
Tumhesuń, Tujjhesum (1727)
1. Hemacandra's Commentary Sutra 3/103
Advanced Prakrta Grammar
179

Page #193

In all the Three Genders -
Masculine, Feminine, Neuter - Amha (I)
Singular
Nominative case Aham, Ham, Ahayam, Mmi, Ammi, Amhi (3/105)
Accusative case Aham, Mam, Mamam, Mi, Mmi, Ammi, Amha, Mamha, Nam,
Ne (3/107)
Instrumental
Dative &
Genitive case
Ablative case
Locative case
180
Mai, Mae, Mamãi, Mayãi, Me, Mamae, Mi, Mimam,
Ne (3/109)

Mai, Mama, Maha, Maham, Majjha, Majjham, Amha, Amham, Me (3/113)
Maitto, Maio, Maiu, Maihinto,
Mamatto, Mamão, Mamãu, Mamahi, Mamahinto, Mamă,
Mahatto, Mahão, Mahau, Mahāhi, Mahāhinto, Mahā, Majjhatto, Majjhão, Majjhāu, Majjhāhi, Majjhāhinto,
Majjhā (3/111, 3/8, 3/12)
Maido, Maidu, Mamãdo, Mamādu, Mahādo, Mahādu, Majjhado, Majjhādu (3/111, 3/8)
1. Prakrta Bhāṣäom Kā Vyakarana, Dr. R. Pischel, P. 610.
Mai, Mae, Mamãi, Mi, Me (3/115), Amhammi, Mamammi, Mahammi, Majjhammi, Amhe, Mame, Mahe, Majjhe (3/116, 3/11)1 Amhassim, Mamassim, Mahassim, Majjhassim,
Amhattha, Mamattha, Mahattha,
Majjhattha (3/116, 3/59)1
Amhahim, Mamahim, Mahahim, Majjhahim (3/116, 3/60)1

Advanced Präkṛta Grammar

Page #194

In all the Three Genders -
Masculine, Feminine, Neuter - Amha (I)
Plural
Nominative case Amha, Amhe, Amho, Mo, Vayam, Bhe (3/106)
Accusative case Amha, Amhe, Amho, Ne (3/108)
Instrumental
Dative &
Genitive case
Ablative case
Amha, Amhe, Amhehi, Amhāhi, Ne (3/110)
Amha, Amham, Amhe, Amho, Ne, No, Majjha, Majjhāna, Amhāna, Mamana, Mahāna (3/114)
Amhāṇam, Mamāṇam, Mahānam, Majjhäṇam (1/27)
Mamatto, Mamão, Mamãu, Mamähi, Mamāhinto,
Mamásunto, Mamehi, Mamehinto, Mamesunto,
Amhatto, Amhão, Amhau, Amhahi, Amhāhinto, Amhäsunto, Amhehi, Amhehinto, Amhesunto (3/112, 3/9, 3/12,
3/13, 3/15),
Mamãdo, Mamádu, Amhado, Amhādu (3/112, 3/9)
Locative case Amhesu, Mamesu, Mahesu, Majjhesu (3/117, 3/15),
Amhasu, Mamasu, Mahasu, Majjhasu, Amhäsu (3/117)1, Amhesum, Mamesum, Mahesum, Majjhesum, Amhasum, Mamasum, Mahasum, Majjhasum, Amhásum (1/27)
1. Hemacandra's Commentary Sūtra 3/117

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(C) Declensional Forms of Numerals
Masculine Numeral: (Ekka. Ea, Ega, Ikka)
a-ending : Ekka (One), Ea (One), Ega (One), Ikka (One) (Inflection according to Savva) In Singular the meaning is one. In Plural the meaning is Some or Certain
ones. Neuter Numeral: (Ekka. Ea, Ega, Ikka)
a-ending : Ekka (One), Ea (One), Ega (One), Ikka (One)
(Inflection according to Savva) Feminine Numeral: (Ekka, Ikka)
å-ending : Ekkā (One), Ikkā(One)
(Inflection according to Savva) In all (Mas.,Neu., Fem.) the Genders: (Saya , Visa, Sasthi,
Du,Do, Ti, Cau, Pañca) Saya (Hundred) (Inflexion according to Kamala) (Neuter) Visă (Twenty) (Inflexion according to Kaha) (Feminine) Satthi (Sixty) (Inflexion according to Mai) (Feminine) Du (Two) Do (Two) Ti (Three) Cau (Four) Pañca (Five)
Kai (How much or How many) Besides the inflection of these words, the inflections of some other words have been made known. While making intelligible the Sūtras some mathematical symbols have been used. These have been put in the list of abbreviations.
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In the following Pages, Cardinal Numbers and their Declensional forms are being shown. First, Cardinal Numbers and their Declensional forms are given. Afterwards, Ordinal Numbers alongwith their Masculine, Feminine and Neuter Genders are given. According to the Ardhamāgadhi dictionary, ordinarily Ordinal Numbers are formed by adding the 'ma' suffix to the Cardinal Number. 'We have accepted the use of this rule for all the Ordinal Numbers'. But in the dictionary irregular Ordinal Numbers are also found. They are shown by putting No.'l' on them.
Cardinal Numbers
= One - Two - Three
: Four
= Five
1. Ekka, Ikka, Ega, Ea 2. Do, Duve, Be 3. Ti 4. Cau 5. Pañca 6. Chattha 7. Satta 8. Attha 9. Nava 10. Daha, Dasa 11. Ekkāraha, Ikkāraha, Egăraha, Eāraha,
Ekkārasa, Ikkārasa, Egārasa, Eārasa 12. Baraha, Bārasa, Duvālasa 13. Teraha, Terasa 14. Cauddha, Cauddsa, Coddsa
- Six - Seven - Eight = Nine = Ten
- Eleven
= Twelve
- Thirteen
= Fourteen
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- Fifteen - Sixteen - Seventeen - Eighteen
= Nineteen
15. Pannaraha, Pannarasa 16. Solaha, Solasa, Chaddsa 17. Sattaraha, Sattarasa, Sattaddsa 18. Asthāraha, Atthārasa, Atthadasa,
Ațțhadaha 19. Egūņavisa, Auņavisa, Agūņavisai,
Auņavisai 20. Visa, Visai 21. Egavisa, Egavisai 22. Bāvisa, Bāvisai, Băisa 23. Tevisa, Tevisai 24. Cauvisa, Cauvisai 25. Pannavisa, Pannavisai, Panuvisa 26. Chavvisa 27. Sattavisa, Sattāvisa, Sattavisai,
Sattāvisai 28. Atthavisa, Atthāvisa, Atthāvisai 29. Agūņatisa, Agūņatīsai, Auņatisa,
Auņatisai 30. Tisa, Tisai 31. Ekkatīsa 32. Battisa 33. Tettisa, Tittisa, Tettisai 34. Cautisa, Cautisai 35. Paņņatisa, Pañcatisa, Paņņatīsai,
Pañcatisai 36. Chattīsa, Chattisai
- Twenty - Twenty One - Twenty Two - Twenty Three = Twenty Four - Twenty Five - Twenty Six = Twenty Seven
- Twenty Eight - Twenty Nine
- Thirty - Thirty One - Thirty Two - Thirty Three - Thirty Four - Thirty Five
- Thirty Six
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Thirty Seven - Thirty Eight = Thirty Nine - Forty = Forty One = Forty Two - Forty Three = Forty Four = Forty Five - Forty Six - Forty Seven - Forty Eight
37. Sattatisa, Sattatisai 38. Atthatīsa, Atthatisai 39. Agünacattālisa, Aunacattalisa 40. Cattālisa, Cālisa 41. Ekkacattālisa, Igayāla 42. Bāyālisa, Bayāla 43. Teálisa 44. Cauālisa, Coyālisa 45. Panayālisa, Paņayāla, Pañcatālisa 46. Chāyālisa 47. Sattacatālisa, Siyālisa, Sattacālisa 48. Atthacatālisa, Atthatālisa, Atthayāla,
Adhayāla, Adhayālīsa 49. Egūnapaņņāsa, Auņāpanna 50. Pannāsa 51. Egapaņņāsa, Ekkapannāsa, Egāvanna,
Ekkávaņņa 52. Bāvanna 53. Tevanna 54. Cauvaņņa, Caupanna, Caupaņņāsa 55. Panapanna, Panavanna 56. Chappanna 57. Sattavanna 58. Atthāvanna 59. Egūnasatthi, Aunasatthi, Auņatthi 60. Sathi
= Forty Nine
= Fifty - Fifty One
- Fifty Two - Fifty Three = Fifty Four • Fifty Five = Fifty Six - Fifty Seven - Fifty Eight - Fifty Nine - Sixty
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61. Egasatthi
62. Băsatthi, Bavaṭṭhi, Bisaṭṭhi
63. Tesatthi, Tevatthi, Tisatthi
64. Causatthi
65. Pañcasatthi, Panasatthi
66. Chasatthi
67. Sattasaṭṭhi, Sattatthi
68. Atthasatthi, Atthasaṭṭhi, Adasatthi
69. Agūnasattari, Aunattari
70. Sattari, Sayari
71. Ekkasattari, Egasattari, Ikkasattari, Ehattari
72. Bāvattari, Bahattari, Bisattari, Bisayari 73. Tevattari, Tevuttari
74. Cauhattari
75. Pañcahattari
76. Chahattari, Chassayari, Chāhattari
77. Sattahattari, Sattahuttari
78. Atthahattari, Atthattari
79. Egūnāsii
80. Asii
81. Egäsii, Ekkäsii
82. Bāsi, Băsii
83. Tesii, Teāsi
84. Caurāsi. Caurāsii, Caurāsiya
85. Panasii, Pañcāsii
86. Chasii, Chalasii
186

Sixty One
= Sixty Two
=
Sixty Three
Sixty Four
Sixty Five
Sixty Six
Sixty Seven
Sixty Eight
Sixty Nine
Seventy
Seventy One
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
Seventy Two
Seventy Three
Seventy Four
Seventy Five
Seventy Six
Seventy Seven
Seventy Eight
Seventy Nine
=
=
=
Eighty
Eighty One
Eighty Two
Eighty Three
Eighty Four
Eighty Five Eighty Six
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87. Sattasii 88. Atthāsīi, Atthāsi 89. Egūņaņaui 90. Navai, Naui 91. Ekkāņaui 92. Bāņaui, Bāņuvai 93. Tenavai, Teņaui, Tiņavai 94. Caunavai, Cauņaui 95. Pañcāņaui, Pannāui 96. Channavai, Channaui, Chaņuvai 97. Sattanaui, Sattāņaui 98. Atthāņavai, Atthāņaui 99. Navaṇavai, Navanaui 100. Saya
Dusaya Tisaya, Tiņni Saya Cattāri Saya Panasaya, Pañcasaya Chasaya, Chassaya Sattasaya Atthasaya Navasaya Sahassa Dasasahassa Lakkha Dahalakkha Kodi Dahakodi
- Eighty Seven • Eighty Eight - Eighty Nine = Ninety = Ninety One - Ninety Two = Ninety Three - Ninety Four - Ninety Five - Ninety Six - Ninety Seven = Ninety Eight - Ninety Nine - Hundred : Two Hundred - Three Hundred - Four Hundred - Five Hundred - Six Hundred - Seven Hundred - Eight Hundred - Nine Hundred • Thousand - Ten Thousand = Lac = Ten Lac - Crore = Ten Crore
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Masculine - Ekka, Ikka, Ega, Ea (One)
Singular
Nominative case Ekko, Ikko, Ego, Eo (3/2)
Accusative case Ekkaṁ, Ikkaṁ, Egań, Eam (3/5)
Instrumental
Ekkena, Ikkeņa, Egena, Eeņa (3/6, 3/14), Ekkeņaṁ, Ikkeņas, Egenań, Eeņaṁ (1727)
Dative case
Ekkäya, Ikkāya, Egāya, Eāya (3/132), Ekkassa, Ikkassa, Egassa, Eassa (3/131, 3/10)
Ablative case
Ekatto, Ikatto, Egatto, Eatto, Ekkāo, Ikkāo, Egão, Eko, Ekkâu, Ikkāu, Egàu, Eau Ekkāhi, Ikkāhi, Egāhi, Eāhi, Ekkåhinto, Ikkähinto, Egåhinto, Eähinto, Ekkå, Ikkā, Egă, E(3/8, 3/12, 1/84), Ekkádo, Ikkado, Egado, Eado, Ekkadu, Ikkadu, Egadu, Eadu (3/8)
Genitive case
Ekkassa, Ikkassa, Egassa, Eassa (3/10)
Locative case
Ekkammi, Ikkammi, Egammi, Eammi, Ekkattha, Ikkattha, Egattha, Eattha (3/59), Ekkahim, Ikkahim, Egahim, Eahim (3/60), Ekkamhi, Ikkamhi, Egamhi, Eamhi, Ekkaṁsi, Ikkaṁsi, Egamsi, Eamsi
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Plural
Nominative case Ekke, Ikke, Ege, Ee (3758)
Accusative case Ekke, Ikke, Ege, Ee (3/4, 3/14),
Ekká, Ikka, Egå, Eả (3/4, 3/12) Instrumental Ekkehi, Ikkehi, Egehi, Eehi,
Ekkehim, Ikkehiṁ, Egehim, Eehim, Ekkehir, Ikkehis, Egehis, Eehir (3/7, 3/15)
Dative case
Ekkāņa, Ikkāņa, Egāņa, Eāņa (3/131, 3/6, 3/12), Ekkāņaṁ, Ikkāņaṁ, Egāṇam, Eāņam (1/27), Ekkesiṁ, Ikkesiṁ, Egesiṁ, Eesiṁ (3/131, 3/61)
Ablative case
Ekkatto, Ikkatto, Egatto, Eatto, Ekkāo, Ikkāo, Egão, Eảo, Ekkâu, Ikkau, Egāu, Eau. Ekkåhi, Ikkähi, Egāhi, Eähi, Ekkāhinto, Ikkähinto, Egăhinto, Eähinto, Ekkasunto, Ikkasunto, Egăsunto, Easunto, Ekkehi, Ikkehi, Egehi, Eehi, Ekkehinto, Ikkehinto, Egehinto, Eehinto, Ekkesunto, Ikkesunto, Egesunto, Eesunto (3/9, 3/12, 3/13, 3/15) Ekkádo, Ikkado, Egado, Eado, Ekkādu, Ikkādu, Egadu, Eadu (3/9) Ekkāņa, Ikkāņa, Egāņa, Eāņa (3/6, 3/12), Ekkāņań, Ikkāņaṁ, Egàņam, Eānam (1/27), Ekkesiṁ, Ikkesiṁ, Egesim, Eesim (3761)
Genitive case
Locative case
Ekkesu, Ikkesu, Egesu, Eesu (3/15), Ekkesuṁ, Ikkesuṁ, Egesum, Eesuṁ (1/27)
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Neuter - Ekka, Ikka, Ega, Ea (One)
Singular
Nominative case Ekkam, Ikkam, Egam. Eam (3/25)
Accusative case Ekkaṁ, Ikkaṁ, Egaṁ, Eaṁ (375)
Instrumental
Ekkeņa, Ikkeņa, Egeņa, Eeņa (3/6, 3/14), Ekkeņas, Ikkeņam, Egeņam, Eenam (1/27)
Dative case
Ekkāya, Ikkāya, Egāya, Eāya (3/132), Ekkassa, Ikkassa, Egassa, Eassa (3/131, 3/10)
Ablative case
Ekatto, Ikatto, Egatto, Eatto, Ekkão, Ikkão, Egão, Eảo, Ekkāu, Ikkāu, Egău, Eāu, Ekkähi, Ikkāhi, Egāhi, Eahi, Ekkåhinto, Ikkāhinto, Egāhinto, Eähinto, Ekkā, Ikka, Egå, Eả (3/8, 3/12, 1/84), Ekkádo, Ikkado, Egado, Eado, Ekkadu, Ikkadu, Egadu, Eādu (3/8)
Genitive case
Ekkassa, Ikkassa, Egassa, Eassa (3/10)
Locative case
Ekkassim, Ikkassim, Egassim, Eassim, Ekkammi, Ikkammi, Egammi, Eammi, Ekkattha, Ikkattha, Egattha, Eattha (3/59), Ekkahim, Ikkahim, Egahim, Eahim (3/60), Ekkamhi, Ikkamhi, Egamhi, Eamhi, Ekkaṁsi, Ikkamsi, Egamsi, Eaṁsi
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Plural
Nominative case Ekkāim, Ikkáim, Egăim, Eaim,
Ekkais, Ikkāiñ, Egāiñ, Eāií,
Ekkāņi, Ikkāņi, Egāņi, Eāņi (3/26) Accusative case Ekkāim, Ikkāim, Egāim, Eāim,
Ekkāiỉ, Ikkāií, Egāiṁ, Eāiñ,
Ekkāņi, Ikkāņi, Egāņi, Eāņi (3/26) Instrumental Ekkehi, Ikkehi, Egehi, Eehi,
Ekkehim, Ikkehiṁ, Egehiṁ, Eehim,
Ekkehis, Ikkehiñ, Egehiň, Eehiñ (3/7, 3/15) Dative case Ekkāņa, Ikkana, Egāna, Eāņa (3/131, 3/6, 3/12),
Ekkānam, Ikkānań, Egånam, Eanam (1/27).
Ekkesim, Ikkesim, Egesiṁ, Eesiṁ (3/131, 3/61) Ablative case Ekkatto, Ikkatto, Egatto, Eatto, Ekkão, Ikkão, Egão,
Eão, Ekkâu, Ikkäu, Egău, Eāu. Ekkāhi, Ikkähi, Egåhi, Eāhi, Ekkähinto, Ikkāhinto, Egāhinto, Eāhinto, Ekkåsunto, Ikkāsunto, Egāsunto, Eāsunto, Ekkehi, Ikkehi, Egehi, Eehi, Ekkehinto, Ikkehinto, Egehinto, Eehinto, Ekkesunto, Ikkesunto, Egesunto, Eesunto (3/9, 3/12, 3/13, 3/15) Ekkádo, Ikkado, Egado, Eado, Ekkādu, Ikkādu, Egådu, Eādu (3/9)
Genitive case
Ekkāņa, Ikkāņa, Egāņa, Eāņa (3/6, 3/12), Ekkāņas, Ikkāņam, Egāṇam, Eānam (1/27), Ekkesim, Ikkesis, Egesiṁ, Eesiṁ (3/61) Ekkesu, Ikkesu, Egesu, Eesu (3/15), Ekkesum, Ikkesum, Egesum, Eesuṁ (1/27)
Locative case
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Feminine - Ekka, Ikka, Ega, Ea (One)
Singular
Nominative case Ekka, Ikka, Ega, Eā (4/448)
Accusative case Ekkam, Ikkaṁ, Egam, Eam (3/124, 3/5, 3/36)
Instrumental
Ekkaa, Ikkaa, Egåa, Eảa, Ekkāi, Ikkāi, Egài, Eai, Ekkāe, Ikkãe, Egåe, Eảe (3729)
Dative &
Genitive case
Ekkaa, Ikkaa, Egāa, Eāa, Ekkāi, Ikkái, Egāi, Eai, Ekkāe, Ikkãe, Egãe, Eảe (3729)
Ablative case
Ekkāa, Ikkāa, Egåa, Eāa, Ekkãi, Ikkái, Egài, Eai, Ekkāe, Ikkāe, Egãe, Eảe (3729) Ekkatto, Ikkatto, Egatto, Eatto, Ekkão, Ikkão, Egão, Eão, Ekkâu, Ikkâu, Egāu, Eāu, Ekkāhinto, Ikkähinto, Egāhinto, Eähinto (3/124, 3/8, 3/126, 1/127), Ekkádo, Ikkādo, Egado, Eado, Ekkadu, Ikkādu, Egadu, Eadu (3/124, 3/8)
Locative case Ekkaa, Ikkāa, Egåa, Eāa,
Ekkāi, Ikkāi, Egài, Eai, Ekkảe, Ikkāe, Egãe, Eke (3729)
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Plural
Ekkā, Ikkā, Egă, Eā (3/124, 3/4), Ekkäu, lkkẫu, Egẫu, Eau, Ekkão, Ikkão, Egão, Eảo (3/27)
Accusative case Ekka, Ikkā, Egå, Ea (3/124, 3/4),
Ekkāu, Ikkāu, Egāu, Eāu, Ekkão, Ikkão, Egão, Eão (3/27)
Instrumental
Ekkāhi, Ikkähi, Egāhi, Eāhi, Ekkāhim, Ikkähim, Egāhim, Eāhiń, Ekkāhis, Ikkāhis, Egāhis, Eāhis (3/124, 3/7)
Dative & Genitive case
Ekkāņa, Ikkāņa, Egāņa, Eāņa (3/124, 3/6), Ekkāņam, Ikkānam, Eganaṁ, Eāņam (1/127), Ekkesim, Ikkesim, Egesim, Eesiṁ (3/61)
Ablative case
Ekkatto, Ikkatto, Egatto, Eatto, Ekkāo, Ikkão, Egão, Eão, Ekkāu, Ikkâu, Egāu, Eău, Ekkähinto, Ikkahinto, Egähinto, Eähinto, Ekkāsunto, Ikkasunto, Egāsunto, Easunto (3/124, 3/9), Ekkádo, Ikkádo, Egado, Eado, Ekkadu, Ikkadu, Egadu, Eadu (3/124, 3/9)
Locative case Ekkāsu, Ikkāsu, Egāsu, Eāsu (4/448),
Ekkāsuń, Ikkāsuń, Egăsuț, Easuṁ (1727)
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(ii) The Declension of Du/ Do/ Ve (Two) Numerals in all the three Genders in Plural Number will be as follows:
Plural
Nominative case
Duve, Donni, Venni, Do, Ve, Dunni, Vinni (3/120) 2 Accusative case Duve, Donni, Venni, Do, Ve, Dunni, Vinni (3/120)
Instrumental
Dohi, Dohim, Dohim, Vehi, Vehim, Vehim
(3/119, 3/124, 3/7)
Donha, Venha, Donham, Venham. Dunha,
Dunham (3/119, 3/123)
Dutto, Doo, Dou, Dohinto, Dosunto, Vitto, Veo, Veu, Vehinto, Vesunto (3/119, 3/124, 3/9, 3/127)
Dosu, Vesu (3/119, 4/448), Dosum, Vesum (1/27)
Dative &
Genitive case
Ablative case
Locative case
(iii) The Declension of 'Ti' (Three) Numerals in all the three Genders in Plural Number will be as follows.
Plural
Nominative case Tinni (3/121)
Accusative case Tiņņi (3/121)
Instrumental
Dative &
Genitive case
Ablative case
Locative case
194

Tihi, Tihim, Tihim (3/118, 3/124, 3/7)
Tinha, Tinham (3/118, 3/123)
Titto, Tio, Tiu, Tihinto, Tisunto (3/118, 3/124,
3/9,3/127)
Tisu (4/448), Tisum (1/27)

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(iv) The Declension of 'Cau' (Four) Numerals in all the three Genders in
Plural Number will be as follows:
Plural
Nominative case Cattaro, Cauro, Cattări (3/122)
Accusative case Cattaro, Cauro, Cattari (3/122)
Instrumental
Dative &
Genitive case
Ablative case
Locative case
Cauhi, Cauhim, Cauhim, Cauhi, Caŭhim, Caühim
(3/17, 3/124, 3/7)
Caunha, Caunham (3/123)
(v) The Declension of 'Pañca' (Five) Numerals in all the three Genders in Plural Number will be as follows.
Locative case
Cauo, Cauu, Cauhinto, Causunto (3/124, 3/9, 3/127), Cautto, Caŭo, Caŭu, Caŭhinto, Causunto (3/17, 3/124, 3/9, 3/127)
Causu, Caūsu (3/17, 3/16), Causum, Causum (1/27)
Plural
Nominative case Pañca (4/448)
Accusative case Pañca (4/448)
Instrumental
Dative &
Genitive case
Ablative case

Pañcahi, Pañcahim, Pañcahim (3/7)
Pañcanha, Pañcanhaṁ (3/123)
Pañcatto, Pañcão, Pañcau, Pañcahi, Pañcahinto, Pañcasunto, Pañcehi, Pañcehinto, Pañcesunto (3/124, 3/9, 3/13, 3/15)
Pañcasu (4/448), Pañcasum (1/27), Pañce1
1. Pischel, Prākṛta Bhāṣāoṁ Kâ Vyākaraṇa, P. 654.
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The Declension of Numerals beginning from 'Chah'(Six) to 'Atthåraha' (Eighteen) will be similar to 'Pañca'.
The Numerals beginning from 'Egúnavisa'(Nineteen) to 'Atthāvana? (Fifty eight) will be inflected similar to Feminine Gender in spite of their being a - ending. They will be inflected similar to Feminine 'Visá' as follows the i - ending Numerals like 'Visai' will be inflected similar to 'Satthi'.
(vi)
Visă (Twenty) Sungular
Plural Nominative case Visa (4/448)
Visă (3/124, 3/4)
Visău, Visão (3/27) Accusative case Visaṁ (3/124, 3/5, Visā (3/124, 3/4) 3/36)
Visau, Visão (3/27) Instrumental Visāa, Visãi, Viske Visähi, Visāhim, Visāhiń
(3/29, 3/30) (3/124, 3/27) Dative & Visāa, Visai, Visãe Visăņa (3/124, 3/6), Genitive case (3/29, 3/30) Visāņaṁ (1/27), Ablative case Visāa, Visãi, Visãe Visatto, Visão, Visāu,
(3/29, 3/30) Visāhinto, Visāsunto, Visatto, Visão, Visãu, (3/124, 3/9, 3/127) Visāhinto (3/124, Visado, Visādu (3/124, 3/8, 3/126,
3/9) 3/127) Visado, Visādu
(3/124, 3/8) Locative case Visãa, Visãi, Viske Visasu (4/448),
(3/29, 3/30) Visāsuń (1/27)
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(vii) The Numerals beginning from 'Egūnasaṭṭhi' Fifty Nine) to 'Navanavai' (Ninety Nine) will be inflected like 'Satthi'. The inflection
of there in Singular and Plural Number will take place like 'Mai'.
Sungular
Nominative case Satthi (3/19)
Accusative case Satthim (3/124, 3/5) Satthi (3/18)
Dative &
Genitive case
Ablative case
Satthi (Sixty)
Satthiu, Saṭṭhio (3/27)
Instrumental Satthia, Satthia, Satthii, Satthihi, Satthihim, Satthim
Satthie (3/29)
(3/124, 3/7, 3/16)
Satthia, Satthia, Satthii, Saṭthina (3/124, 3/6,
Saṭṭhie (3/29)
3/12), Saṭṭhinam (1/27)
Saṭṭhia, Saṭṭhia, Saṭṭhii, Saṭṭhitto, Satthio, Saṭṭhiu,
Satthie (3/29),
Satthihinto, Satthisunto
Satthitto, Satṭhio,
(3/124, 3/9, 3/16, 3/127)
Satthiu, Satthihinto
Saṭṭhido, Saṭṭhidu
(3/124, 3/8, 3/12, (3/124, 3/9)
3/126, 3/127)
Saṭṭhido, Saṭṭhidu
(3/124, 3/8)
Satthia, Satthía,
Satthii, Saṭṭhie (3/29) 3/124)
Locative case
Advanced Präkṛta Grammar
Plural
Satthi (3/124,3/4, 3/12),
Saṭṭhiu, Saṭṭhio (3/27)

Satthisu (3/16, 3/15,
Satthisum (1/27)

197

Page #211

(viii) Saya (Hundred) The Declension of 'Saya' (Hundred) is similar to Neuter Gender 'Kamala'.
Sungular
Plural
Nominative case Sayaṁ (3/25)
Sayāim, Sayāiñ, Sayāni
(3/26)
Accusative case Sayam (3/5)
Sayāim, Sayāis, Sayāņi
(3/26)
Instrumental
Sayeņa (3/6, 3/14), Sayehi, Sayehiń, Sayehir Sayeņam (1/27), (3/7, 3/15)
Dative &
Sayassa (3/10)
Sayāņa (3/6, 3/12), Sayāṇam (1/27)
Genitive case
Ablative case
Sayatto, Sayão, Sayāu, Sayatto, Sayão, Sayāu, Sayahi, Sayāhinto, Saya Sayāhi, Sayahinto, (3/8, 3/12, 1/84) Sayasunto, Sayehi, Sayado, Sayadu Sayehinto (3/9, 3/12, (3/8)
3/13, 3/15, 1784),
Sayado, Sayadu (3/9) Saye, Sayammi (3/11) Sayesu (3/15), Sayamhi, Sayaṁsi Sayesum (1727)
Locative case
The Declension of Numerals beginning from 'Dusaya' (Two Hundred) to 'Lakkha'(Lac) are similar to 'Saya'. The Declension of 'Kodi' (Crore), 'Dahakoại' (TenCrore), “Sayakodi' (Hundred Crore) are similar Feminine Gender ‘Mai'.
198
Advanced Prāksta Grammar

Page #212

Kai (How much) The word 'Kai' (How much) is inflected in all the three Genders in Plural Number as follows.
Plural
Nominative case Kai (4/448)
Accusative case Kai (4/448) Instrumental Kaihi, Kaihim, Kaihin (3/124, 3/7) Dative & Kainha, Kainham (3/123) Genitive case Ablative case Kaitto, Kaio, Kaiu, Kaihinto, Kaisunto
(3/124, 3/9, 3/13) Locative case Kaisu (4/448), Kaisum (1/27)
OOO
Advanced Prakrta Grammar
199

Page #213

Appendix - 2
Ordinal Number

Page #214

Ordinal Number
Cardinel
Ordinal
Number
Number Feminine
Ordinal Number (Masculine, Neuter) Padhama, Padhamilla
1. Ekka,
Padhamā
Ikka, Ega, Ea
Bia,
Bia,
2. Do,
Duve, Be
Biia
Bija
3. Ti
Taia
Taia, Tiiya, Tiijja
4. Cau
Cauttha
Cautthi
5. Pañca
Pañcama
Pañcami
6. Chattha
Chattha'
Chatti!
7. Satta
Sattama
Sattami, Sattamiyā?
8. Attha
Atthama
Atthami
9. Nava
Navama
Navami
10. Daha, Dasa
Dahama, Dasama
Dahami, Dasami
Advanced Praksta Grammar
201

Page #215

11. Egāraha,
Egarasa, Ekkārasa, Earaha
Egārahama, Egārasama, Ekkārasama, Eārahama
Egārasi", Egărahami, Egarasami, Ekkārasami, Eārahami
12. Bāraha,
Bārasa, Duvälasa
Bārahama, Bārasa", Bārasama, Duvālasama
Bārasi, Bārahami, Bārasami, Duvālasami
13. Teraha,
Terasa
Terahama, Terasama
Terasi, Terahami, Terasami
14. Cauddaha,
Cauddasa, Coddasa
Cauddahama, Cauddasama, Coddasama
Cauddasi', Cauddahami, Cauddasami, Coddasami
15. Pannaraha,
Pannarasa
Pannarahama, Pannarasama
Pannarasi, Pannarahami Pannarasami
16. Solaha,
Solasa, Chaddasa
Solahama, Solasama, Chaddasama
Solahami, Solasami, Chaddasami
17. Sattaraha,
Sattarahami,
Sattarahama, Sattarasa! Sattarasama, Sattaddasama
Sattarasa, Sattaddasa
Sattarasami Sattaddasami
202
Advanced Praksta Grammar

Page #216

18. Aṭṭhārasa,
Aṭṭhāraha,
Aṭṭhadasa,
Aṭṭhadaha
19. Egūnavisa,
Auṇavisa,
Egūṇavisai,
Auṇavisai
20. Visa, Visai
21. Egavisa,
Egavisai
22. Bāvisa,
Bāvisai,
Baisa
23. Tevisa,
Tevisai
24. Cauvisa,
Cauvisai
25. Pannavīsa,
Pannavisai,
Panuvisa
Advanced Pråkrta Grammar

Aṭṭhārasama,
Aṭṭhārahama,
Atthadasama,
Aṭṭhadahama
Egūṇavisama,
Auṇavisama,
Egūnavisaima,
Auṇavisaima
Visama, Visaima
Egavisama,
Egavisaima
Bāvisa1,
Bāvisama,
Bāvīsaima,
Bäisama,
Tevisa,
Tevisama,
Tevisaima
Cauvisa1,
Cauvisama,
Cauvisaima
Panṇavisama,
Panṇavisaima,
Panuvisama
Aṭṭhārasami,
Aṭṭhārahami,
Atthadasami,
Aṭṭhadahami
Egūnavisami,
Auṇavisami,
Egūnavisaimi,
Auṇavisaimi
Visami, Visaimi
Egavisami,
Egavisaimi
Bāvisami,
Bāvisaimi,
Baisami
Tevisami,
Tevisaimi
Cauvisami,
Cauvisaimi
Pannavisami,
Pannavisaimi,
Panuvisami

203

Page #217

26. Chavvisa
27. Sattavisa,
Sattāvīsa,
Sattavisai,
Sattāvisai
28. Atthavisa,
Aṭṭhāvīsa,
Atthāvisai
29. Egūnatīsa,
Egūṇatīsai,
Aunatisa,
Auṇatīsai
30. Tisa,
Tisai
31. Ekkatīsa
32. Battisa,
Battisai
33. Tettisa,
Tittisa,
Tettisai
34. Cautisa, Cautisai
204

Chavvisama,
Chavvisaima,
Sattavisama,
Sattǎvisama,
Sattavisaima,
Sattāvisaima
Atthavisama,
Aṭṭhāvīsama,
Aṭṭhāvisaima
Egūnatisama,
Egūnatisaima,
Aunatisama,
Auṇatisaima
Tisama,
Tisaima
Ekkatīsama
Battisama,
Battisaima
Tettisama,
Tittisama,
Tettisaima
Cautisama,
Cautisaima

Chavvisami
Sattavisami
Sattāvisami,
Sattavisaimi,
Sattāvisaimi
Atthavisami,
Aṭṭhāvisami,
Atthāvisaimi
Egūnatisami,
Egūnatisaimi,
Auṇatisami,
Auṇatisaimi
Tisami,
Tisaimi
Ekkatisami
Battisami,
Battisaimi
Tettisami,
Tittisami,
Tettisaimi
Cautisami,
Cautisaimi
Advanced Pråkṛta Grammar

Page #218

35. Pannatisa,
Pannatisai,
Pañcatisa,
Pañcatisai
36. Chattisa,
Chattisai
37. Sattatisa,
Sattatisai
38. Atthatisa,
Atthatisai
40. Cattālīsa,
Calisa
41. Ekkacattālīsa,
39. Eguṇacattālīsa, Egūnacattálisama,
Aunacattālīsa
Auṇacattāla1,
Egüṇacattālisaima
lgayāla
42. Bāyālisa, Bāyāla
43. Tealisa
Advanced Präkrta Grammar
Pannatisama,
Pannatisaima,
Pañcatīsama,
Pañcatīsaima,

Chattisama,
Chattisaima
Sattatisama,
Sattatīsaima
Atthatisama,
Atthatisaima
Cattāla1,
Cattǎlisama,
Câlisama
Egacattāla1,
Ekkacattālisama,
Igayālama
Bāyālīsama,
Bāyālīsa1,
Bāyālīsaima
Teälisama, Teȧlisaima1
Pannatisami,
Pannatisaimi,
Pañcatisami,
Pañcatisaimi
Chattisami,
Chattīsaimi
Sattatisami,
Sattatīsaimi
Atthatisami,
Atthatisaimi
Egūṇacattālīsami,
Cattālisami,
Cālīsami
Ekkacattālīsami,
Igayālami
Bāyālisami
Teālisami

205

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44. Cauālisa,
Cauālisami,
Cauālisama, Cauttālisa! Coyālisama
Coyālisa
Coyālisami
45. Panayālisa,
Pañcatālisa, Paņayāla
Paņayālisama, Pañcatālīsama, Paņayāla?
Paņayālisami, Pañcatàlisami
46. Chāyālisa
Chāyālisami
Chāyālisama, Chāyālisa?
47. Sattacatālisa,
Siyālisa, Sattacālisa
Sattacattāla', Sattacatălisama, Sīyālisama, Sattacālisama
Sattacattālisami, Siyālisami, Sattacālisami
48. Atthacatālisa,
Atthatālisa, Atthayāla, Adhayāla, Adhayālisa
Atthacattāla", Atthacatālisama, Atthatālīsama, Atthayālama, Adhayālama, Adhayālisama
Atthacatālisami, Atthatālisami, Atthayālami, Adhayālami, Adhayālisami
49. Egūņapaņņāsa, Egūņapaņņāsa', Egūņapaņņāsami, Auņāpaņņa Egūņapaņņāsaima', Auņāpaņņami
Egūnapaņņāsama, Aunăpannama
50. Paņņāsa
Pannāsami
Paņņāsaima? Pannāsama
206
Advanced Prakrta Grammar

Page #220

51. Egapannāsa, Egapaņņāsaima", Egapanņāsami,
Ekkapaņņāsa, Ekkapannāsaima”, Ekkapannāsami, Egāvanna, Egapaņņāsama, Egāvannami, Ekkāvanna Ekkapaņņāsama, Ekkāvannami
Egāvannama, Ekkāvannama
52. Båvanna
Bāvannami
Bāvanna? Bāvannama
53. Tevanna
Tevannami
Tepañcāsaima Tevannama, Tipañcāsaima
54. Cauvanna,
Caupanna, Caupaņņāsa
Caupannaima, Caupaņņāsaima', Cauvannama, Caupannama, Caupaņņāsama
Cauvannami, Caupaņņami, Caupaņņāsami
55. Panapanna,
Panavaņņa
Panapannaima', Panapannama, Paņavannama
Panapannami, Panavaņņami
56. Chappanna
Chappannami
Chappanna! Chappannama
57. Sattavanna
Sattāvannami
Sattāvanna, Sattāvannama
58. Atthāvanna
Atthāvaņņami
Atthāvanna?, Atthāvannama
Advanced Prakrta Grammar
207

Page #221

59. Egūņasatthi,
Aunasaţthi, Aunatthi
Egūņasattha', Egūņasatthima, Aunasastha', Auņasaţthima, Auņatthima
Egūņasatthimi. Auņasatthimi, Aunatthimi
60. Sasthi
Satthima
Satthimi
61. Egasatthi
Egasaţthimi
Egasațțha, Egasatthima
Băsatthimi,
62. Bāsatthi,
Bāvaţthi, Bisatthi
Băsaţtha', Băsatthima Bāvaţthima, Bisatthima
Bāvasthimi, Bisatthimi
63. Tesatthi,
Tevatthi, Tisatthi
Tesattha', Tesatthima, Tevasthima, Tisattha', Tisatthima
Tesatthimi, Tevatthimi Tisatthimi
64. Causatthi
Causatthima
Causatthimi
65. Pañcasaţthi,
Panasatthi
Pañcasaţtha', Pañcasathima, Panasatthima
Pañcasaţthima, Panasatthimi
66. Chasatthi
Chasatthimi
Chásattha', Chasatthima,
208
Advanced Prakrta Grammar

Page #222

67. Sattasaţthi,
Sattasasthimi,
Sattasastha', Sattasațțhima, Sattaţthima
Sattatthi
Sattathimi
68. Atthasathi,
Atthāsatthi, Adasatthi
Atthasasthima, Atthăsațshima, Adasatthima
Atthasatthimi, Atthåsatthimi, Adasatthimi
69. Egūņasattari,
Auņattari
Egūņasattara, Agūņsattarima, Aunattarima
Agūnasattarimi, Aunattarimi
70. Sattari,
Sayari
Sattara', Sattarima, Sayarima
Sattarimi, Sayarimi,
71. Ekkasattari,
Ekkasattarimi
Egasattari,
Egasattarimi
Ekkasattara, Ekkasattarima Egasattara, Egasattarima, Ikkasattara, Ikkasattarima,
Ikkasattari,
Ikkasattarimi
Ehattari
Ehattarima
Ehattarimi
72. Bavattari,
Bāvattarimi
Bāhattari,
Bāhattarimi
Bāvattara', Bávattarima, Bahattara, Bāhattarima, Bisattarima, Bisayarima
Bisattari, Bisayari
Bisattarimi Bisayarimi
Advanced Prakrta Grammar
209

Page #223

73. Tevattari,
Tevuttari
74. Cauhattari
75. Pañcahattari
76. Chahattari,
77. Sattahattari,
Sattahuttari
78. Atthahattari,
210
Chahattara1,
Chahattarima,
Chassayari, Chassayarima,
Chahattari
Chahattarima
Atthattari
79. Egūnāsii,
Egūnāsi
80. Asii
Tehattara1,
Tihattara1,

Tevattarima,
Tevuttarima
Cauhattara1,
Cauhattarima
Pañcahattara1,
Pañcahattarima
Sattahattara1,
Sattahattarima,
Sattahuttarima
Aṭṭhahattara1,
Atthahattarima,
Aṭṭhattarima
Egūnāsiya1,
Egūnāsiima,
Egūņāsima
Asiima

Tevattarimi
Tevuttarimi
Cauhattarimi
Pañcahattarim
Chahattarimi,
Chassayarimi,
Chahattarimi
Sattahattarimi
Sattahuttarimi
Aṭṭhahattarimi
Aṭṭhattarimi
Egūnāsiimi,
Egūņāsimi
Asiimi
Advanced Prākṛta Grammar

Page #224

81. Egăsii,
Egāsīimi,
Egăsiya', Egāsiima, Ekkāsiya', Ekkåsiima,
Ekkasii
Ekkāsīimi
Bāsima,
Bāsimi,
82. Bāsi,
Basii
Bāsiima
Bäsiimi
Tesīimi,
83. Tesii,
Teasi
Tesiima, Teāsiima', Teāsima
Teäsimi
84. Caurāsi,
Caurāsii, Caurāsīya
Caurāsima, Caurāsiima, Caurāsiyama
Caurāsimi, Caurásīimi, Caurāsiyami
85. Panasii,
Pañcāsii
Panasiima, Pañcâsiima
Panasiimi Pañcāsīimi
Chāsiima,
86. Chasii,
Chalasii
Châsiimi, Chalasiimi
Chalasiima
87. Sattasii
Sattāsiima,
Sattāsīimi
88. Atthāsii,
Atthāsiimi
Atthāsiya", Atthåsiima, Atthásīma
Atthāsi
Atthāsimi
89. Egūņaņaui
Egūņaņauimi
Egūņaņaui', Egūņaņauima, Egūņaņauya
Advanced Prakrta Grammar
211

Page #225

90. Navai,
Navaimi
Nauiya, Navaiyama, Navaima, Nauima
Naui
Nauimi
91. Ekkāņaui
Ekkānauimi
Ekkāņauya, Ekkāņauima
92. Bāņaui,
Bāņauimi
Bāņauya, Bāņauima, Bāņuvaima
Banuvai
Banuvaimi
93. Tenavai,
Teņaui,
Tenavaimi Tenauimi
Tenavaima, Tenauya, Tenauima Tiņavaima
Tinavai
Tinavaimi
94. Caunavai,
Caunavaimi,
Caunauya, Caunavaima, Cauņauima
Cauņaui
Caunauimi
95. Pañcānaui,
Pañcānauimi Pannanauimi
Pannanaui
Pañcāņauya, Pañcăņauima Pannaņauya', Pannaņauima
96. Channavai,
Chāņņaui,
Channavaimi, Chāņnauimi,
Channavaima, Chāņņauya?, Chāņņauima, Chanuvaima
Chaņuvai
Chaņuvaimi
212
Advanced Präkta Grammar

Page #226

97. Sattaņaui,
Sattanauimi
Sattāņauya?, Sattanauima, Sattānauima
Sattānaui
Sattānauimi
98. Atthāņavai,
Atthanavaimi
Atthāņauya", Atthāņavaima, Atthānauima
Atthānaui
Atthānauimi
99. Navaṇavai,
Navaṇavaimi
Navanauya', Navanavaima, Navanauima
Navaņaui
Navanauimi
100. Saya
Sayama
Sayami
000
Advanced Präkrta Grammar
213

Page #227

Appendix - 3 Rules of Combination utilised in the Sūtras
214
Advanced Prakrta Grammar

Page #228

Vowel Combination
1.
If after i and u, there are different Vowels like a, a, e, etc., then there occurs 'y'in place of 'i' and 'v' in place of 'u'. Nāmni+Araṁ - Nämnyaram (Sūtra-3/40) Si+Adau
= Syādau (Sutra-3/45) Śasi+Et
= Śasyet (Sutra-3/14) Du+Ami = Dvámi (Sūtra-3/12) Saņāņoșu+An - Saņāņoșvan (Sūtra-3/55)
If after a anda there exists i ore, then there occurs 'e' and 'ai' in place of both. Mmavaya+lau • Mmāvayeau (Sutra-3/89) Ama+Imam = Ameņam (Sūtra-3/78) Vā+Esa
• Vaisa (Sūtra-3/85) Va+Etado
= Vaitado (Sūtra-3/82)
If after a and å there is u then there occurs 'o' in place of both. Tuyha+Upha : Tuyhosha (Sutra-3/98) Va+Utah
: Votah (Sutra-3/21)
If after a and å there is a or a, then there occurs 'a' in their place. Na+Ata
= Nāta (Sūtra-3/30) Va+Adaso
- Vădaso (Sutra-3/87) Inamamā+Āmā : Inamamāmā (Sūtra-3/53)
5.
If after 'au' there is vowela, etc., then 'ăv'takes the place of 'au'. Mmau+Aya - Mmăvaya (Sutra-3/89)
Advanced Prākta Grammar
215

Page #229

6.
If after e or o there is a, then there occurs “5' (Avagraha) in place of 'a'. Śeşe + Adantavat = Śesesdantavat [Sutra - 3/124)
Consonant Combination
If after 't' there are a, a, i, i, u, d, e, o, d, bh and va then there occurs 'd' in place of 't'. If after 'k' there is 'd', then there occurs ‘g‘in place of k'. Rtāmut +A
Rtamuda (Sutra-3/44) Derat+At+It+Et+Vă - Deradādidedvå (Sūtra-3/29) Erat+Itau
= Eradītau (Sūtra-3/84) It+Utah
= Idutaḥ (Sūtra-3/16) It+Utoh
- Idutoh (Sutra-3/42) Ut+Otau
= Udotau (Sūtra-3/27) Kvacit+Dvitīyādeh - Kvaciddvitīyādeh (Sutra-3/134) It+Bhis
= idbhis (Sūtra-3/54) Prāk+Dirghā - Pragdirghå (Sūtra-3/26)
If after 't' there is c', then 't' becomes 'c' Rajavat+ C = Rajavacca (Sutra-3/56)
If at the end of a word there is ‘m'and after ‘m' there is some Consonant, then ‘m'changes into Anusvāra ( - ). Nasām+No = Nasāṁņo (Sutra-3/50) Àmbhyām+Se = Ambhyam Se (Sūtra-3/81)
10.
If after 't' there is anunāsika (m), then 't' becomes ‘n’. Svarāt+M
- Svarānm (Sūtra-3/25)
11.
Ifafter 'there is ‘t' becomes ‘ď. Vadhat+Dài : Vadhaddõi (Sutra-3/133)
216
Advanced Praksta Grammar

Page #230

Visarga Combination
12.
If before visarga there exist vowels like i, e and o and there does not exist a oră, and after the visarga there exist vowels like a, etc. or Consonants like m, n, n,j,d, d, 1, v, etc., then the visarga changes into‘r'. Ssayoḥ+At • Ssayorat (Sūtra-3/74) Neh+Mena • Nermena (Sūtra-3/75) Amoh+Na = Amorņa (Sutra-3/6) Nih+Na
Nirna (Sūtra-3/31) Ih+Jasya
= Irjasya (Sūtra-3/52) Neh+ Dāhe = Nerdãhe Dveh+Do
= Dverdo (Sutra-3/119) Naseh+ Luk = Naserluk (Sūtra-3/126) Neh+Vā
: Nervã (Sutra-3/132)
13.
If before the visarga there is a or a, and if after the visarga there are some vowels orn,m, etc., then visarga disappears. Nātaḥ+ At : Nātaāt (Sūtra-3/30) Idamaḥ+ Imaḥ - Idama Imaḥ (Sūtra-3/72) Vāpaḥ+E - Vāpae (Sūtra-3/41) Tubbhậh+ Nasau = Tubbhā Nasau (Sūtra-3796) Tuyhoyhomhāḥ+Bhyasi - Tuyhoyhomha Bhyasi
(Sutra-3/98)
14.
If before the visarga there is a and if after visarga there are m, ń, n, d, d, r, v, h, etc., then a and visarga jointly become'o'. Hșsvaḥ+ Mi - Hộsvo Mi (Sūtra-3/36) Yattadbhyaḥ+ Nasah = Yattadbhyonasaḥ (Sūtra-3763) Taḥ+ Na
- Toņā (Sūtra-3/24) Jasaḥ+ Dau - Jasodau (Sutra-3/20) Idutaḥ+ Dirghaḥ - Idutodirghaḥ (Sūtra-3/16)
Advanced Praksta Grammar
217

Page #231

15.
16.
17.
218
Aṇaḥ+ Rājavacca
Caturaḥ+ Vä
Bhisaḥ+ Hi
'visarga'.
Bhyasaḥ+ Tto
Tasoḥ+ Ca
=
=
=
If after the visarga there is 't' then there occurs 's' in place of the visarga and if there is 'c' then, there occurs 's' in place of

=
=
If before the visarga there is 'a' and after the visarga there is
also 'a', then jointly they become 'os'.
Amaḥ+ Asya
Naḥ+ Am
H
=
Āṇorājavacca (Sūtra-3/56)
CaturoVă (Sūtra-3/17)
Bhisohi (Sutra-3/7)
=
Bhyasastto (Sūtra-3/9)
Tasośca (Sūtra-3/71)
If after the visarga there is 't' then there occurs 's' in place of
the visarga.
Atmanaḥ+ Taḥ Yatadbhyaḥ+Taḥ
=
Amossya (Sūtra-3/5)
Nosm (Sūtra-3/77)
Atmanaṣṭaḥ (Sūtra-3/57) Yatadbhyaṣṭaḥ (Sūtra-3/69)

OOO
Advanced Präkrta Grammar

Page #232

Appendix • 4 Summary of the Grammatical
analysis of Sūtras

Page #233

Serial
Number
(1)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
220
Sútra
Number
(2)
3/2
3/3
3/4
3/5
3/6
3/7
3/8

Sútra
(3)
Ataḥ Serdoḥ [(Seḥ)+(Doḥ)]
Vaitattadaḥ [(Va)+(Etat)+(Tadaḥ)]
Jas- Śasorluk [(Śasoḥ)+(luk)]
AmoSsya [(Amaḥ)+(Asya)]
Ta-Amorṇaḥ [(Amoḥ)+(Naḥ)]
Bhiso Hi Him Him
[(Bhisaḥ)+(Hi)]
Nases Tto-Do-Du-Hi
Hinto-Lukaḥ [(Naseḥ)+(Tto]

Combination
rule
(4)
12
2
12
16
12
14
15
YOUR HO
Advanced Prākṛta Grammar

Page #234

Inflected/Original word occuring in the Sutra
Original Word Declension
Following the Declinable word
(5)
(6)
(7)
Bhubhrt
Ataḥ Seḥ Doh
(At) 5/1 (Si) 6/1 (Do) 1/1
Hari Following the tradition
Vá
Etat
(Vā)
(Etat) Tadaḥ →Tatah (Tat) 5/1
Bhūbhrt
Jas Śasoḥ luk
(Jas) (Śas) 6/2 (luk) 1/1
Bhubhrt Bhubhrt
Amaḥ
(Am) 6/1 (A) 6/1
Bhubhrt Rāma
Asya
Ta Amoḥ Naḥ
(Tā) (Ām) 6/2 (Nah) 1/1
Bhubhrt Rāma
Bhisaḥ Hi Hin
(Bhis) 6/1 (Hi) 1/1 (His) 1/1 (Him) 1/1
Bhūbhrt Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition
Him
Naseh
Hari
sto
(Nasi) 6/1 (Tto) (Do)
Du
(Du)
Advanced Prakrta Grammar
221

Page #235

Sutra
Serial Number
Sutra Number
Combination
rule
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
8.
319
15
Bhyasas Tto-DoDu-Hi-Hinto-Sunto [(Bhyasaḥ)+(Tto)]
3/10
Nasaḥ Ssaḥ
10.
3/11
De Mmi Neḥ
11.
3/12
1
Jas-Gas-Nasi-Tto-DoDvámi Dirghaḥ [(Du) + (Āmi)]
222
Advanced Praksta Grammar

Page #236

Inflected/Original word occuring
in the Sutra
(5)
Hi
Hinto
Lukaḥ
Bhyasah
Tto
Do
Du
Hi
Hinto
Sunto
Nasaḥ
Ssaḥ
De
Mmi
Neḥ
Jas
Śas
Nasi
Tto
Do
Dy
Ami
Dirghaḥ
Original Word Declension

(6)
(Hi)
(Hinto)
(Luk) 1/3
(Bhyas) 6/1
(Tto) 1/1
(Do) 1/1
(Du) 1/1
(Hi) 1/1
(Hinto) 1/1
(Sunto) 1/1
(Nas) 6/1
(Ssa) 1/1
(De) 1/1
(Mmi) 1/1
(Ni) 6/1
(Jas)
(Śas)
(Nasi)
(Tto)
(Do)
(Du)
(Am) 7/1
(Dirgha) 1/1
Advanced Präkṛta Grammar
Following the Declinable word
(7)
Bhübhrt
Bhübhṛt
Following the tradition
Following the tradition
Following the tradition
Following the tradition
Following the tradition Following the tradition
Bhübhrt
Rāma
Following the tradition Following the tradition
Hari
Bhubhṛt Rāma

223

Page #237

Sutra
Serial Number
Sutra Number
Combination
rule
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
12.
3/13
Bhyasi Vä
13.
3/14
Țāņa- Śasyet [(sasi)+(Et)]
14.
3/15
Bhisbhyassupi [(Bhis)+(Bhyas)+(Şupi)]
15.
3/16
Iduto Dirghaḥ [(It) + (Utah) + (Dirghaḥ)]
7.14
16.
3/17
14
Caturo Va (Caturaḥ)+ (Vā)
17.
3/18
Lupte Śasi
18.
3/19
Aklibe Sau
19.
3/20
13
Puṁsi Jasodau Dao Vā [(Jasaḥ)+(Dau)]
224
Advanced Prakrta Grammar

Page #238

Inflected/Original word occuring in the Sutra
Original Word Declension
Following the Declinable word
(5)
(6)
(7)
Bhyasi
Bhūbhrt
(Bhyas) 7/1 (Vā)
Vá
Та
Na
(Tā) (Na) (Śas) 7/1 (Et) 1/1
Śasi Et
Bhūbhrt Following the tradition
Bhis
Bhyas Supi
(Bhis) (Bhyas) (Sup) 7/1
Bhübhrt
Utah Dirghaḥ
(It) (Ut) 6/1 (Dirgha) 1/1
Bhūbhrt Rama
(Catur) 5/1
Bhubhrt
Caturaḥ Vá
(Vā)
Lupte Śasi
(Lupta) 7/1 (sas) 7/1
Rāma Bhūbhrt
Ráma
Aklibe Sau
(Aklība) 7/1 (Si) 7/1
Hari
Puṁsi Jasah Dau Dao
(Puṁs) 7/1 (Jasa) 6/1 (Dau) 1/1 (Dao) 1/1 (Vā)
Purs Bhubhrt Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition
Vá
Advanced Prakrta Grammar
225

Page #239

Sutra
Serial Number
Sutra Number
Combination
rule
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
20.
3/21
Votodavo [(Vā) + (Utah) + (Davo)]
3,14,
21.
3/22
12
Jas- Śasorņo Vä [(Śasoņ) + (No)]
12
22.
3/23
Nasi - Nasoḥ Puṁ - Klibe Vā
23.
3/24
14
Toņa [(sah) +(Ņā)]
24.
3/25
10
Klibe Svaranm Seh [(Svarāt)+(M)]
25.
25.
3/26
3/26
Jas - Śas - Iň - Im Nayaḥ Sapragdirghaḥ [(Sa) + (Prāk) + (Dirghāḥ)]
226
Advanced Prákyta Grammar

Page #240

Original Word Declension
Following the Declinable word
Inflected/Original word occuring in the Sutra (5)
(6)
(7)
Vá
Utah
(Va) (Ut) 5/1 (Davo) 1/1
Bhubht Following the tradition
Davo
Jas
Śasoḥ No
(Jas) (sas) 6/2 (No) 1/1 (Vā)
Bhūbhrt Following the tradition
Vä
Nasi Nasoḥ Pum Klibe Và
(Nasi) (Nas) 6/2 (Puṁ)
Bhubht
Rāma
(Kliba) 7/1 (Vā)
Taḥ Na
(Ta) 6/1 (Nā) 1/1
Gopā Following the tradition
Klibe
Svarat
(Klība) 7/1 (Svara) 5/1 (M) 1/1 (Si) 6/1
Rāma Rāma Bhubhrt Hari
M
Seh
Jas
(Jas) (Śas)
Sas
(lň)
lñ Im Nayaḥ
(lm) (Ni) 1/3
Hari
Advanced Präkşta Grammar
227

Page #241

Sutra
Serial Number
Sutra Number
Combination
rule
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
26.
3/27
Striyamudotau Vā [(Striyām) + (Ut) + (Otau)]
27.
3/28
15,4
İtaḥ Seścă Vä [(Seh) + (Ca) + (A)]
28.
3/29
12,7, 7
7,7
ȚĂ-Nas-Neradadidedvå Tu Naseh [(Neh)+(At)+(At)+(It)+ (Et)+ (Vā)]
2 28
Advanced Prakrta Grammar

Page #242

Original Word Declension
Following the Declinable word
Inflected/Original word occuring in the Sutra (5)
(6)
(7)
Sa Prāk Dirghāḥ
(Sa) (Prāk) (Dirgha) 1/3
Rama
Stri
Striyam Ut
(Stri) 7/1 (Ut) (Ot) 1/2 (Vā)
Bhūbhrt
Otau Vā
Itaḥ
Bhubhrt
Seh
Hari
(It) 5/1 (Si) 6/1 (Ca) (Ā) 1/1 (Vā)
Lată
Vä
(Ta) (Nas) (Ni) 6/1 (At) 1/1 (At) 1/1 (lt) 1/1 (Et) 1/1 (Vā)
Hari Bhubhrt Bhūbhrt Bhūbhrt Bhubhrt
(Tu)
Naseh
(Nasi) 6/1
Hari
Advanced Praksta Grammar
229

Page #243

Serial
Number
(1)
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
230
Sutra
Number
(2)
3/30
3/31
3/32
3/33
3/34
3/36

Sutra
(3)
Nätaät
[(Na) + (Ătaḥ) + (Āt)]
Pratyaye Nirna Vā
[(Niḥ) + (na)]
Ajäteḥ Pumsaḥ
Kim - YattadoSsyamāmi [(Yat) + (Tadaḥ →Tataḥ) + (A) + (Si) + (Am) + (Ămi)]
Chaya - Haridrayoḥ
Hṛsvomi [(Hṛsvaḥ) + (mi)]
Combination

rule
(4)
4, 13,
12
7,16,1
14
Advanced Präkṛta Grammar

Page #244

Original Word Declension
Following the Declinable word
Inflected/Original word occuring in the Sutra (5)
(6)
Na Ātaḥ
(Na) (At) 5/1 (At) 1/1
Bhubhrt Bhūbhrt
At
Rāma
Lakşmi
Pratyaye Nih Na Vā
(Pratyaya) 7/1 (Ni) 1/1 (Na) (Vā)
Ajāteḥ Pussaḥ
(Ajāti) 5/1 (Puss) 5/1
Hari Bhūbhrt
Kim
Yat Tataḥ
Bhubhrt
(Kim) (Yat) (Tat) 6/1 (A) (Si) (Am) (Am) 7/1
Am Āmi
Bhubhrt
Chāyā Haridryoḥ
(Chāyā) (Haridra) 7/2
Lata
Hșsvah
Miy
(Hșsva) 1/1 (M) 7/1
Rama Bhubhrt
Advanced Pråksta Grammar
231

Page #245

Sutra
Serial Number
Sutra Number
Combination
rule
(1)
(2)
(3)
35.
3/37
Nämantryätsau Maḥ [(Na) + (Amantryāt)
36.
3/38
12
Do Dirghová ((Dirghaḥ) + (Vā)]
37.
3/41
4,13
Vāpae [(Vā) + (Apaḥ) + (E)]
38.
3/42
7. 12
idútorhțsvaḥ [(st) + (Ūtoḥ) +(Hrsvaḥ)]
39.
3/43
Kvipaḥ
40.
3/39
16,7
Řtosdvā [(Rtah) + (At) + (Val]
41.
3740
Nämnyaram Va [(Nāmni) + (Araṁ)]
232
Advanced Prakrta Grammar

Page #246

Inflected/Original word occuring
in the Sūtra
(5)
Na
Amantryāt
Sau
Mah
Do
Dirghah
Vā
Vā
Apaḥ
E
Ït
Útoḥ
Hṛsvah
Kvipaḥ
Rtaḥ
At
Vā
Nämni
Aram Vā
Original Word Declension

(6)
(Na)
(Amantrya) 5/1
(Si) 7/1
(M) 6/1
(Do) 1/1
(Dirgha) 1/1
(Vā)
(Vā)
(Ap) 5/1
(E)1/1
(It)
(Út) 7/2
(Hṛsva) 1/1
(Kviap) 5/1
(Rt) 6/1
(At) 1/1
(Vā)
(Năman) 7/1
(Aram) 1/1
(Vā)
Advanced Präkrta Grammar
Following the Declinable word
(7)
Rāma
Hari
Bhübhrt
Following the tradition
Rāma
Bhubhṛt
Following the tradition
Bhubhṛt
Rāma
Bhübhṛt
Bhubhrt
Bhubhṛt
Naman
Following the tradition

233

Page #247

Serial
Number
(1)
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
234
Sutra
Number
(2)
3/44
3/45
3/46
3/47
3/48
3/49

Sütra
(3)
Ṛtȧmudasyamausu Vā [(Rtām) + (Ut ) + (A) + (Si) + (Am) + (Ausu)]
Āraḥ Syādau [(Si) + (Ādau)]
Ā Arā Mātuḥ
Nämnyaraḥ [(Namni) + (Araḥ)]
Á Sau Na Vå
Rājñaḥ

Combination
rule
(4)
7,1
1
1
ITHER THREE
Advanced Präkṛta Grammar

Page #248

Original Word Declension
Following the Declinable word
Inflected/Original word occuring in the Sutra (5)
(6)
(7)
Rtām
Bhubhrt Bhubhrt
Ut
(Rt) 6/3 (Ut) 1/1 (A) (Si) (Am) (Au) 7/3 (Vā)
Am
Ausu
Glau
Vā
Ārah
Rama
Si
(Āra) 1/1 (Si) (Adi) 7/1
Adau
Hari
Ara Mātuḥ
(A) 1/1 (Arā) 1/1 (Máty) 5/1
Ramā Rama Māt?
Naman
Namni Arah
(Nāman) 7/1 (Ara) 1/1
Rāma
Latā
Hari
Sau Na Va
(A) 1/1 (Si) 7/1 (Na) (Vā)
Rājñaḥ
(Rājan) 5/1
Rājan
Advanced Prakrta Grammar
235

Page #249

Serial
Number
(1)
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
236
Sutra
Number
(2)
3/50
3/51
3/52
3/53
3/54
3/55

Sutra
(3)
Jas-Śas-Nasi-Nasāmņo [(Nasām) + (No)]
Toṇā
[(Taḥ) + (Na)]
Irjasya No-Nȧ- Nau [(Iḥ) + (Jasya)]
Iṇamamāmā
[(Inam) + (Amā) + (Āmā]
İdbhisbhyasamsupi [(It) + (Bhis) + (Bhyas) + (Am) + (Supi)]
Ajasya Ță-Nasi-Nassu
Sanȧnoṣvana
[(Sa)-(Na) + (Nosu) + (An)]

Combination
rule
(4)
8
a
4
11, 12
JERNERS HOTE
4
7
1
Advanced Prākṛta Grammar

Page #250

Original Word Declension
Following the Declinable word
Inflected/Original word occuring in the Sutra (5)
(6)
(7)
Jas
Sas
Nasi Nasām
(Jas) (sas) (Nasi) (Nas) 6/3 (No) 1/1
Bhūbhrt Following the tradition
Ņo
Țaḥ Nã
(Tā) 6/1 (Nā) 1/1
Gopā Latā
Hari Rāma
Jasya No
(I) 1/1 (Ja) 6/1 (No) (Ná) (Ni) 7/1
Na
Nau
Hari
Inam Amā Āmā
(Iņam) 1/1 (Am) 3/1 (Ām) 3/1
Following the tradition Bhübhrt Bhūbhrt
Bhubhrt
Bhis Bhyas
(īt) 1/1 (Bhis) (Bhyas) (Ām) (Sup) 7/1
Am
Supi
Bhūbhrt
Ājasya
Rāma
Та
(Aja) 6/1 (Tā) (Nasi)
Nasi
Advanced Praksta Grammar
237

Page #251

Site
Sutra
Serial Number
Sutra Number
Combination
rule
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
54.
3/56
Puṁsyana Aņo Rajavacca [(Pussi) + (Anaḥ) + (Āṇaḥ) + (Rajavat) + (Ca)]
1,13, 14,8
55.
3/57
17,14
Åtmanasto Ņia Naia [(Ātmanaḥ) + (saḥ) + (Niā)]
56.
3/58
Ataḥ Sarväderderjasaḥ 4,12 [(Sarva) + (Adeḥ) + (Deḥ) + (Jasaḥ)]
57.
3/59
Neḥ Ssim-Mmi-Tthāḥ
238
Advanced Praksta Grammar

Page #252

Original Word Declension
Following the Declinable word
Inflected/Original word occuring in the Sutra (5)
(6):
(7)
Nassu
Bhūbhrt
a
Nă Nosu An
(Nas) 7/3 (Sa) (Na) (No) 7/3 (An) 1/1
Go Bhūbhrt
Purs
Bhubhrt
Pursi Anaḥ Āņaḥ Rajavat Са
(Pums) 7/1 (An) 6/1 (Āņa) 1/1 (Rājavat) (Ca)
Rāma
Ātmanaḥ
Atman Gopa
Țaḥ
(Atman) 5/1 (Tā) 6/1 (Nia) 1/1 (Najā) 1/1
Niā Naia
Lata Latā
Ataḥ
Bhūbhrt
Sarva
Adeh Deh Jasaḥ
(At) 5/1 (Sarva) (Adi) 5/1 (De) 1/1 (Jas) 6/1
Hari Following the tradition Bhūbhrt
Hari
Neh Ssim Mmi Tthāḥ
(Ni) 6/1 (Ssiṁ) (Mmi) (Ttha) 1/3
Rama
Advanced Prakrta Grammar
239

Page #253

Sutra
Serial Number
Sutra Number
Combination
rule
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
58.
3/60
Na Vanidametado Him 4,14, [(Vā) + (An) + (Idam) + (Etadah ► Etataḥ) + (Him)]
59.
3/61
14
Amo Desim ((Amah) +(Desiṁ)]
60.
3/62
Kim Tadbhyam Dasaḥ
12
61.
3/63
14
Kim Yattadbhyonasaḥ ((Yat) + (Tadbhyaḥ) + (Nasaḥ)]
62.
3/64
İdbhyaḥ Sså Se
63.
3/65
12
Nerdähe Dala lā Kāle [(Neh) + (Dāhe)]
240
Advanced Praksta Grammar

Page #254

Inflected/Original word occuring in the Sutra
(5)
Na Vā
An
Idam
Etataḥ
Him
Amaḥ
Desim
Kim
Tat
Dāsaḥ
Kim
Yat
Tadbhyaḥ
Nasaḥ
İdbhyaḥ
Ssä
Se
Neḥ
Dähe
Dālā
lā
Käle
Original Word Declension

(6)
(Na Vā)
(An)
(Idam)
(Etat) 5/1
(Him) 1/1
(Am) 6/1
(Desim) 1/1
(Kim)
(Tat) 5/2
(Dāsa) 1/1
(Kim)
(Yat)
(Tat) 5/3
(Nas) 6/1
(It) 5/3
(Ssā) 1/1
(Se) 1/1
(Ni) 6/1
(Dähe) 1/1
(Dala) 1/1
(la) 1/1
(Kāla) 7/1
Advanced Präkrta Grammar
Following the Declinable word
(7)
Bhubhṛt
Following the tradition
Bhubhṛt
Following the tradition
Bhubhṛt
Rāma
Bhubhṛt
Bhubhṛt
Bhubhṛt
Latã
Following the tradition
Hari
Following the tradition
Latā
Latã
Rāma

241

Page #255

Sutra
Serial Number
| Sutra Number
Combination
rule
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
64.
3766
Nasermha [(Naseḥ) + (Mha)]
65.
3767
14
Tado Doḥ [(Tadaḥ → Tataḥ) + (Doh)]
66.
3/68
14
Kimodiņo - Disau [(Kimah) + (Dino)]
67.
3/69
Idametatkim - Yattadbhyasto 17,14 Diņa [(Idam) + (Etat) + (Kim)-Yat) + (Tadbhyaḥ) + (Taḥ) + (Diņā)]
68.
3/70
14,1
Tado Ņah Syadau Kvacit [(Tadaḥ → Tataḥ ) + (Naḥ)] [(Si)+(Adau)]
69.
69.
3/71
15
Kimaḥ Kastra - Tasosca [Kab) + (Tra)][(Tasoh) +(Ca)]
242
Advanced Prāksta Grammar

Page #256

Original Word Declension
Following the Declinable word
Inflected/Original word occuring in the Sutra (5)
(6)
(7)
Hari
Naseh Mha
(Nasi) 6/1 (Mhā) 1/1
Latā
Tatah Doḥ
(Tat) 5/1 (Do) 1/1
Bhūbhrt Following the tradition
Bhūbhrt
Kimah Dino Disau
(Kim) 5/1 (Dino) (Disa) 1/2
Rām
Idam
(Idam)
Etat
(Etat)
Kim
Yat
Tadbhyaḥ Tah
(Kim) (Yat) (Tat) 5/3 (Tā) 6/1 (Diņā) 1/1
Bhubhrt Gopā Latā
Diņā
Tadah Nah
Bhūbhrt Rāma
Si
Tataḥ (Tat) 6/1
(Na) 1/1 (Si) (Adi) 7/1 (Kvacit)
Adau
Hari
Kvacit
Bhübhrt Rāma
Kimgh Kaḥ Tra Tasoh Ca
(Kim) 6/1 (Ka) 1/1 (Tra) (Tas) 7/2
(Ca)
Bhūbhrt
Advanced Prāksta Grammar
243

Page #257

Serial
Number
(1)
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
244
Sútra
Number
(2)
3/72
3/73
3/74
3/75
3/76
3/77

Sutra
(3)
Idama Imaḥ
[(Idamaḥ) + (Imaḥ)]
Pum - Striyorna Vāyamimiá
Sau
[(Pum-Striyoḥ) + (Na vā) +(Ayam) + (Imia)]
Ssim - Ssayorat
[(Ssim)-(Ssayoḥ) + (At)]
Nermenahaḥ [(Neḥ) + (Mena)]
Na Tthaḥ
Combination
NoSm Śasta - Bhisi [(Naḥ) + (Am)] [(Śas) + (Ţā)]

rule
(4)
13
12,4
12
12
16
Advanced Präkṛta Grammar

Page #258

Original Word Declension
Following the Declinable word
Inflected/Original word occuring in the Sūtra (5)
(6)
(7)
Idamaḥ Imah
(Idam) 6/1 (Ima) 1/1
Bhūbhrt Rāma
Stri
Puń Striyoḥ Na Vā Ayam Imia Sau
(Puṁ) (Stri) 7/2 (Na Vā) (Ayam) 1/1 (Imiā) 1/1 (Si) 7/1
Bhubhrt Lată Hari
Ssim Ssayoḥ
(Ssiṁ) (Ssa) 7/2 (At) 1/1
Rāma
At
Bhūbhrt
Hari
Neh Mena Haḥ
(Ni) 6/1 (Ma) 3/1 (Ha) 1/1
Rāma
Rama
Na Tthaḥ
(Na) (Ttha) 1/1
Rāma
(Na) 1/1
Rama
Nah Am
(Am)
Śas)
Tā
(sas) (Ta) (Bhis) 7/1
Bhisi
Bhūbhrt
Advanced Prakrta Grammar
245

Page #259

Serial Number
(1)
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
246
Sutra
Number
(2)
3/78
3/79
3/80
3/81
3/82

Sutra
(3)
Ameṇam
[(Ama) + (Inam)]
Klibe Syamedamiņamo Ca [(Si) + (Ama) + (Idam) + (Iṇamo)]
Kimaḥ Kim
Combination
Vaitado Nasestto Ttähe [(Va) +(Etadaḥ → Etataḥ) + (Naseḥ) + (Tto)]
-

rule
(4)
Z
Vedam - Tadetado Nasambhyam 2,7 Se - Simau
14,9
[(Vã + (Idam)]
[(Tad→ Tat) + (Etadaḥ → Etataḥ) + (Nas) -(Ambhyām) + (Se)]
1,2
2,14,15
Advanced Präkṛta Grammar

Page #260

Original Word Declension
Following the Declinable word
Inflected/Original word occuring in the Sutra (5)
(6)
(7)
Ama
(Am) 3/1 (Inam) 1/1
Bhubhrt Bhūbhrt
Iņam
Klibe
Rāma
Si Ama Idam Inamo Ca
(Klība) 7/1 (Si) (Am) 3/1 (Idam) 1/1 (Iñamo) 1/1 (Ca)
Bhūbhrt Bhūbhrt Following the tradition
Kimaḥ Kim
(Kim) 5/1 (Kiṁ) 1/1
Bhübhrt Kim
Vā Idam
(Vā) (Idam) (Tat) (Etat) 5/1
Tat
Bhubht
Etataḥ Nas Ambhyām
(Nas)
Bhubhrt
Se
(Am) 3/2 (Se) (Sim) 1/2
Simau
Bhubhyt
Etataḥ
Naseh
(Vā) (Etat) 5/1 (Nasi) 6/1 (Tto) 1/1
Bhubhrt Hari Following the tradition Following the tradition
Tto
Ttabe
(Ttähe) 1/1
Advanced Prákyta Grammar
247

Page #261

Sutra
Serial Number
Sutra Number
Combination
rule
(1)
(1)
(3)
(4)
(2) 3/83
(3) Tthe Ca Tasya Luk
81.
82.
3/84
Eraditau Mmau Vā [(Eḥ) +(At) + (Itau)]
- 12,7
12,7
83.
3/85
Vaiseñamiņamo Sina [(Vā) +(Esa) + (Iņam) + (Inamo)]
84.
3/86
Tadasca Tasya SoSklibe 15,16 [(Tadaḥ → Tataḥ) + (Ca)][(Saḥ) + (Aklibe)]
85.
3/87
Vädaso Dasya HoSnodám 4,14, [(Vā) +(Adasaḥ) + (Dasya)] 16,7 [(Haḥ) +(An) + (Ot) + (A) +(M)]
248
Advanced Prakyta Grammar

Page #262

Original Word Declension
Following the Declinable word
Inflected/Original word occuring in the Sutra (5)
(6)
(7)
Tthe
Rāma
Ca
(Ttha) 7/1 (Ca) (Ta) 6/1 (Luk) 1/1
Tasya
Rāma Bhūbhrt
Luk
Go
İtau
(E) 6/1 (At) (It) 1/2 (Mmi) 7/1 (Vā)
Bhūbhrt
Mmau
Hari
Vā
Va
Esa
Inam Inamo Sinā
(Vā) (Esa) 1/1 (Iņam) 1/1 (Inamo) 1/1 (Si) 3/1
Following the tradition Bhubhrt Following the tradition Hari
Bhubhrt
Tatah Ca
Tasya
(Tat) 5/1 (Ca) (Ta) 6/1 (Sa) 1/1 (Akliba) 7/1
Saḥ Aklibe
Rāma Ráma Rāma
Va Adasaḥ Dasya Hah An
(Va) (Adas) 5/1 (Da) 6/1 (Ha) 1/1 (An)
Bhūbhrt Rāma Rāma
Advanced Praksta Grammar
249

Page #263

Serial Number
(1)
86.
87.
88.
89.
250
Sutra
Number
(2)
3/88
3/89
3/90
3/91

Sutra
(3)
Muḥ Syadau [(Si) +((Ādau)]
Mmävayeau Vā [(Mmau) + (Aya) + (lau)]
Combination
Yuşmadastam Tum Tuvam
Tuha Tumam Sinȧ [(Yuşmadaḥ) + (Tam)]
Bhe Tubbhe Tujjha Tumha Tuyhe Uyhe Jasȧ

rule
(4)
1
5,2
15
Advanced Prákṛta Grammar

Page #264

Original Word Declension
Following the Declinable word
Inflected/Original word occuring in the Sutra (5)
(6)
(7)
Bhūbhrt
(Ot) 1/1 (A) 1/1 (M) 1/1
Latā Bhūbhrt
(Mu) 1/1
Guru
Muḥ Si Ādau
(Si)
(Adi) 7/1
Hari
Hari
Mmau Aya lau
(Mmi) 7/1 (Aya) (la) 1/2 (Vä)
Rāma
Vā
Yuşmadaḥ Tas Tum Tuvam
(Yuşmad) 5/1 (Taṁ) 1/1 (Tur) 1/1 (Tuvaṁ) 1/1 (Tuha) 1/1 (Tumaṁ) 1/1 (Si) 3/1
Bhūbhrt Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Hari
Tuha
Tumaṁ Sina
Bhe
Tubbhe Tujjha Tumha Tuyhe Uyhe Jasă
(Bhe) 1/1 (Tubbhe) 1/1 (Tujjha) 1/1 (Tumha) 1/1 (Tuyhe) 1/1 (Uyhe) 1/1 (Jas) 3/1
Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Bhūbhrt
Advanced Praksta Grammar
251

Page #265

Sutra
Serial Number
Sutra Number
Combination
rule
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
90.
3/92
Tam Tum Tumam Tuvam Tuha Tume Tue Amā
91.
3/93
Vo Tujjha Tubbhe Tuyhe Uyhe Bhe Śasa
92.
3/94
Bhe Di De Te Tai Tae Tumam Tumai Tumae Tume Tumai Ță
252
Advanced Praksta Grammar

Page #266

Original Word Declension
Following the Declinable word
Inflected/Original word occuring in the Sutra (5)
(6)
(7)
Tam Tum Tumam Tuvam Tuha Tume Tue Amā
(Taṁ) 1/1 (Tuṁ) 1/1 (Tumaṁ) 1/1 (Tuvaṁ) 1/1 (Tuha) 1/1 (Tume) 1/1 (Tue) 1/1 (Am) 3/1
Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Bhubhrt
Vo Tujjha Tubbhe Tuyhe Uyhe Bhe
(Vo) 1/1 (Tujjha) 1/1 (Tubbhe) 1/1 (Tuyhe) 1/1 (Uyhe) 1/1 (Bhe) 1/1 (Śas) 3/1
Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Bhūbhrt
Śasă
Bhe
Di
Te
Tai
(Bhe) 1/1 (Di) 1/1 (De) 1/1 (Te)1/1 (Tai) 1/1 (Tae) 1/1 (Tumaṁ) 1/1 (Tumai) 1/1 (Tumae) 1/1 (Tume) 1/1
Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition
Tae Tymań
Tumai Tumae Tume
Advanced Praksta Grammar
253

Page #267

Sutra
Serial Sutra Number Number
Combination
rule
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
93.
3/95
Bhe Tubbhehim Ujjhehim Umhehim Tuyhehim Vyhehim Bhisa
94.
3/96
13
Tai - Tuva - Tuma - TuhaTubbhá Nasau [(Tubbhāḥ) +(Nasau)]
95.
3/97
Tuyha Tubbha Tahinto Nasina
96.
3/98
Tubbha - Tuyhoyhomha Bhyasi 3,13 [(Tuyha) +(Uyha) +(Umhāḥ) +(Bhyasi)]
254
Advanced Prakrta Grammar

Page #268

Original Word Declension
Following the Declinable word
Inflected/Original word occuring in the Sutra (5)
(6)
(7)
Tumãi Ță
(Tumāi) 1/1 (Tā) 3/1
Following the tradition Gopā
Bhe Tubbhehim Ujjhehis Umhehim Tuyhehim Uyhehim Bhisa
(Bhe) 1/1 (Tubbhehiṁ) 1/1 (Ujjhehim ) 1/1 (Umhehim) 1/1 (Tuyhehin) 1/1 (Uyhehim) 1/1 (Bhis) 3/1
Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Bhubhrt
Tai
Tuva
Tuma Tuha Tubbhāḥ Nasau
(Tai) (Tuva) (Tuma) (Tuha) (Tubbha) 1/3 (Nasi) 7/1
Rāma
Hari
Tuyha Tubbha Tahinto Nasinā
(Tuyha) 1/1 (Tubbha) 1/1 (Tahinto) 1/1 (Nasi) 3/1
Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Hari
Tubbha Tuyha
Uyha
(Tubbha) (Tuyha) (Uyha) (Umha) 1/3 (Bhyas) 7/1
Rāma
Umhāh Bhyasi
Bhūbhrt
Advanced Praksta Grammar
255

Page #269

Sutra
Serial Number
Sutra Number
Combination
rule
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
97.
3/99
3,13,
Tai-Tu-Te-Tumham-Tuha- Tuham-Tuva-Tuma-TumeTumo-Tumāi-Di-De-I-E Tubbhobbhoyhá Nasa [(Tubbha) +(Ubbha) + (Uyhāḥ) + (Nasa) ]
98.
3/100
Tu Vo Bhe Tubbha Tubbhaṁ Tubbhana Tuvāna Tumāņa Tuhāņa Umhāņa Ama
256
Advanced Prākrta Grammar

Page #270

Inflected/Original word occuring in the Sutra
Original Word Declension
Following the Declinable word
(5)
(6)
(7)
Tai Tu
Te
Tumham Tuha Tuham Tuva Tuma Tume Tumo Tumãi Di De
(Tai) (Tu) (Te) (Tumham) (Tuha) (Tuhaṁ) (Tuva) (Tuma) (Tume) (Tumo) (Tumāi) (Di) (De)
(1)
Tubbha Ubbha Uyhāḥ Nasă
(E) (Tubbha) (Ubbha) (Uyha) 1/3 (Nas) 3/1
Rāma Bhubhrt
Tu
Vo Bhe Tubbha Tubbham Tubbhana Tuvāna Tumāna
(Tu) 1/1 (Vo) 1/1 (Bhe) 1/1 (Tubbha) 1/1 (Tubbham)1/1 (Tubbhāna) 1/1 (Tuvāna)1/1 (Tumāņa) 1/1
Advanced Praksta Grammar
257

Page #271

Sutra
Serial Number
Sutra Number
Combination
rule
(1)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(3)
99.
3/101
Tume Tumae Tumai Tai Tae Nina
100. 3/102
13
13
Tu-Tuva-Tuma-TuhaTubbhā Nau [(Tubbhāḥ) + (Nau) ]
101.
3/103
Supi
102.
3/104
14
Bbho Mha - Jjhau Vå ((Bbhaḥ) +(Mha)]
14
103.
3/105
14
Asmadommi Ammi Amhi Ham Aham Ahayam Sina [(Asmadaḥ) +(Mmi)
258
Advanced Praksta Grammar

Page #272

Original Word Declension
Following the Declinable word
Inflected/Original word occuring in the Sutra (5)
(6)
(7)
Tuhana Umhāna Ama
(Tuhāņa)1/1 (Umhăņa)1/1 (Ām) 3/1
Bhūbhrt
Tume Tumae Tumai Tai Tae Nina
(Tume) 1/1 (Tumae) 1/1 (Tumāi) 1/1 (Tai) 1/1 (Tae) 1/1 (Ni) 3/1
Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Hari
Tu
Tuva
Tuma Tuha Tubbhāḥ Nau
(Tu) (Tuva) (Tuma) (Tuha) (Tubbha) 1/3 (Ni) 7/1
Rama
Hari
Supi
(Sup) 7/1
Bhūbhrt
Bbhah
Rāma
Mha Jjhau
(Bbha) 1/1 (Mha)
a) 1/2 (Vā)
Rāma
Asmadaḥ Mmi
(Asmad) 5/1 (Mmi) 1/1
Bhūbhrt Following the tradition
Advanced Prāksta Grammar
259

Page #273

Sutra
Serial Number
Sutra Number
Combination
rule
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
104.
3/106
Amha Amhe Amho Mo Vayam Bhe Jasa
105.
3/107 Ņe Ņam Mi Ammi Amha Mamha
Mam Mama Mimam Ahaṁ Ama
106.
3/108
Amhe Amho Amha Ņe Śasă
260
Advanced Prāksta Grammar

Page #274

Original Word Declension
Following the Declinable word
Inflected/Original word occuring in the Sutra (5)
(6)
(7)
Ammi
Amhi
Ham Ahaṁ Ahayam Sinā
(Ammi) 1/1 (Amhi) 1/1 (Ham) 1/1 (Ahaṁ) 1/1 (Ahayaṁ) 1/1 (Si) 3/1
Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Hari
Amha
(Amha) 1/1
Amhe
Amho Μο Vayam Bhe
(Amhe) 1/1 (Amho) 1/1 (Mo) 1/1 (Vayam) 1/1 (Bhe) 1/1 (Jas) 3/1
Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Bhūbhrt
Jasa
Ne
Nam Mi
Ammi
Amha Mamha Mam Mamam Mimam Aham Amā
(Ne) 1/1 (Nam) 1/1 (Mi) 1/1 (Ammi) 1/1 (Amha) 1/1 (Mamha) 1/1 (Mam) 1/1 (Mamar) 1/1 (Mimaṁ) 1/1 (Ahaṁ) 1/1 (Am) 3/1
Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Bhubhrt
Amhe Amho
(Amhe) 1/1 (Amho) 1/1
Following the tradition Following the tradition
Advanced Praksta Grammar
261

Page #275

Sutra
Serial Number
Sutra Number
Combination
rule
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
107. 3/109 Mi Me Mamam Mamae Mamãi
Mai Mae Mayai Ņe Ță
108.
3/110
Amhehi Amhähi Amha Amhe Ņe Bhisă
109.
3/111
Mai - Mama - Maha - Majjhánasau 13 [(Majjhāḥ) +(Nasau)]
262
Advanced Praksta Grammar

Page #276

Inflected/Original word occuring in the Sutra
Original Word Declension
Following the Declinable word
(5)
(6)
(7)
Amha Ne Śasă
(Amha) 1/1 (Ne) 1/1 (Śas) 3/1
Following the tradition Following the tradition Bhūbhrt
Mi Me Mamañ Mamae Mamãi
(Mi) 1/1 (Me) 1/1 (Mamam) 1/1 (Mamae) 1/1 (Mamũi) 1/1 (Mai) 1/1 (Mae) 1/1 (Magãi) 1/1 (Ne) 1/1 (Tā) 3/1
Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Gopā
Mai
Mae
Magãi
Ne Tā
Amhehi
Amhāhi Amha Amhe Ne Bhisā
(Amhehi) 1/1 (Amhāhi) 1/1 (Amha) 1/1 (Amhe) 1/1 (Ne) 1/1 (Bhis) 3/1
Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Bhubhrt
Mai Mama Maha Majjhâḥ Nasau Mama
(Mai) (Mama) (Maha) (Majjha) 1/3 (Nasi) 7/1 (Mama)
Rāma Hari
Advanced Prákyta Grammar
263

Page #277

Sutra
Serial Number
Sutra Number
Combination
rule
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
110. 3/112
Mamámhau Bhyasi [(Mama) +(Amhau)]
111.
3/113
Me Mai Mama Maha Maham Majjha Majjham Amha Amham Nasa
112.
3/114
Ne No Majjha Amha Amham Amhe Amho Amhåņa Mamāņa Mahāņa Majjhāņa Ama
264
Advanced Prāksta Grammar

Page #278

Original Word Declension
Following the Declinable word
Inflected/Original word occuring in the Sutra (5)
(6)
(7)
Amhau Bhyasi
(Amba) 1/2 (Bhyas) 7/1
Rāma Bhūbhrt
Me Mai Mama Maha
Mahar Majjha Majjham Amha Amhaí Nasā
(Me)1/1 (Mai) 1/1 (Mama) 1/1 (Maha) 1/1 (Mahaṁ)1/1 (Majjha) 1/1 (Majjham)1/1 (Amha) 1/1 (Amham) 1/1 (Nas) 3/1
Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Bhūbhrt
Ne No Majjha Amha Amham Amhe Amho Amhāņa Mamāna Mahāna Majjhāņa Āmă
(Ne) 1/1 (No) 1/1 (Majjha) 1/1 (Amha) 1/1 (Amhar) 1/1 (Amhe) 1/1 (Amho) 1/1 (Amhāna) 1/1 (Mamāņa) 1/1 (Mahāņa) 1/1 (Majjhāna) 1/1 (Am) 3/1
Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Bhūbhrt
Advanced Prakrta Grammar
265

Page #279

Serial
Number
(1)
Sutra
Number
113. 3/115
(2)
114. 3/116
115. 3/117
116. 3/118
118.
117. 3/119
266
3/120

Sutra
(3)
Mi Mai Mamai Mae Me Ninā
Supi
Tresti Tṛtiyadau [(Treḥ) + (Ti) ] [(Tṛtiyā) + (Adau)]
Amha-Mama-Maha-Majjhānau 13 [(Majjhāḥ) + (Nau) ]
Dverdo Ve [(Dveḥ) + (Do)]
Combination

rule
Duve Donni Venni Ca Jas-Śasă
(4)
15,4
1241
Advanced Prakṛta Grammar

Page #280

Inflected/Original word occuring in the Sutra
Original Word Declension
Following the Declinable word
(5)
(6)
(7)
Mi Mai Mamai Mae Me Nina
(Mi) 1/1 (Mai) 1/1 | Mamai) 1/1 (Mae) 1/1 (Me) 1/1 (Ni) 3/1
Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Hari
Amha Mama
Maha
(Amha) (Mama) (Maha) (Majjha) 1/3 (Ni) 7/1
Rama
Majjhāḥ Nau
Hari
Supi
(Sup) 7/1
Bhūbhrt
Treh Ti Trtīyā
Hari Following the tradition
(Tri) 6/1 (Ti) 1/1 (Trtiya) (Adi) 7/1
Ādau
Hari
Dveh
(Dvi) 6/1 (Do) 1/1
Do
Hari Following the tradition Following the tradition
Ve
(Ve) 1/1
Duve
Donni Venni
(Duve) 1/1 (Donni) 1/1 (Veņņi) 1/1
Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition
Advanced Prakyta Grammar
267

Page #281

Sutra
Serial Number
Sutra Number
Combination
rule
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
119.
3/121
15
Trestinniḥ [(Treḥ) + (Tiņņi)]
120.
3/1 22
15
Caturascattaro Cauro Cattari [(Caturaḥ) + (Cattāro)]
121.
3/123
Samkhyāyamonha Ņham 13, 14 [(Samkhuāyāh) + (Amha) + (Nha)]
122.
3/130
Dvivacanasya Bahuvacanam
123.
3/131
Caturthyaḥ Şașthi
124.
3/132
12
Tadarthya-Nervå [(Neh) +(Vā)]
268
Advanced Prakrta Grammar

Page #282

Inflected/Original word occuring
in the Sūtra
(5)
Ca
Jas
Śasā
Treḥ
Tinnih
Caturaḥ
Cattāro
Cauro
Cattäri
Samkhyāyāḥ
Amaḥ
Nha
Nham
Caturthyāḥ Sasthi
Tādarthya
Neḥ
Vā
Original Word Declension
(6)

(Ca)
(Jas)
(Śas) 3/1
(Tri) 5/1
(Tinniḥ) 1/1
Dvivacanasya (Dvivacana) 6/1
Bahuvacanam
(Bahuvacana) 1/1
(Catur) 5/1
(Cattaro) 1/1
(Cauro) 1/1
(Cattări) 1/1
(Samkhyā) 5/1
(Am) 6/1
(Nha) 1/1
(Nham) 1/1
(Caturthi) 6/1
(Sasthi) 1/1
(Tädarthya)
(Ne) 6/1
(Vā)
Advanced Prākṛta Grammar
Following the Declinable word
(7)
Bhubhṛt
Hari
Hari
Bhubhṛt Following the tradition
Following the tradition Following the tradition
Latā
Bhubhṛt
Following the tradition
Rāma
Phala
Nadi
Nadi
Following the tradition

269

Page #283

Serial
Number
(1)
125.
Sutra
Number
(2)
126. 3/134
127. 3/135
130.
3/133
128. 3/136
129. 3/137
270
3/125
131. 3/126

Sutra
(3)
Vadhaddaiśca Vå [(Vadhat) - (Daiḥ) + (Ca)]
Kvacid Dvitiyādeḥ [(Kvacit) + (Dvitīyā) +(Ādeḥ)]
Dvitiyȧ- Tṛtiyayoḥ Saptami
Pañcamyȧstṛtiyȧ Ca [(Pañcamyaḥ)+(Tṛtiya))]
Saptamya Dvitiyā [(Saptamyāḥ) +(Dvitiyā)]
Na Dirgho No [(Dirghaḥ) + (No)]
Combination
Naserluk [(Naseḥ) + (luk]

rule
(4)
11,15
7,4
15
13
14
12
Advanced Präkṛta Grammar

Page #284

Inflected/Original word occuring in the Sutra
Original Word Declension
Following the Declinable word
(5)
(6)
(7)
Vadhát
Rāma Hari
Dāiḥ
(Vadha) 5/1 (Dài) 1/1 (Ca) (Va)
Ca
Va
Kvacit Dvitīyā Adeh
(Kvacit) (Dvitīyā) (Adi) 6/1
Hari
Dvitiya Tștiyayoh Saptami
(Dvitīyā) (Tștiyā)6/2 (Saptami) 1/1
Latā Nadi
Nadi
Pañcamyāḥ Títīyā Ca
(Pañcami) 6/1 (Tștīyā) 1/1 (Ca)
Latā
Nadi
Saptamyāḥ Dvitiyā
(Saptami) 6/1 (Dvitīyā) 1/1
Lată
Na Dirghaḥ
(Na) (Dirgha) 1/1 (No) 1/1
Ņo
Rama Following the tradition
Naseh Luk
(Nasi) 5/1 (Luk) 1/1
Hari Bhubhrt
Advanced Pråksta Grammar
271

Page #285

Sutra
Serial Sutra Number Number
Combination
rule
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
132.
3/127
Bhyasasca Hiḥ [(Bhyasaḥ) + (Ca]
133.
3/128
12
Nerdeh [(Neh) + (Deh)]
134.
3/129
Et (Et) 1/1
135.
3/1
1,12,14
Vipsyāt Syādervipsye Svare Mo Va [(Si)+(Adeh) +(Vipsye)] [(Mah)+(Vā)]
136.
3/124
ŚeşeSdantavat [(Śeşe) + (Adantavat)]
137.
1/27
1,12
Ktvā - Syäderņa - Svorvā [(Si)+(Adeḥ) +(Na)] [(Svoḥ)+(Vā)]
272
Advanced Praksta Grammar

Page #286

Inflected/Original word occuring
in the Sutra
(5)
Bhyasaḥ
Ca
Hiḥ
Neḥ
Deḥ
Et
Vipsyāt
Si
Adeḥ
Vipsye
Svare
Mah
Vā
Śese
Adantavat
Ktvä
Si
Ādeḥ
Na
Svob
Vä
Original Word Declension

(6)
(Bhyas) 5/1
(Ca)
(Hi) 1/1
(Ni) 5/1
(De) 1/1
(Et) 1/1
(Vipsya) 5/1
(Si)
(Ădi) 6/1 (Vipsya) 7/1
(Svara) 7/1
(M) 1/3
(Vā)
(Śeṣa) 7/1 (Adantavat)
(Ktvā)
(Si)
(Adi) 6/1
(Na)
(Su) 7/2
(Vā)
Advanced Präkṛta Grammar
Following the Declinable word
(7)
Bhubhṛt
Hari
Hari
Following the tradition
Bhübhrt
Rāma
Hari
Rāma
Rāma
Bhubhṛt
Rāma
Hari
Guru

273

Page #287

Sutra
Serial Number
Sutra Number
Combination
rule
(1)
(2)
(3)
138.
1/84
Hrsvaḥ Samyoge
139.
4/448
9
Sesam Samskệtavat Siddham [(Śeşaṁ)+(Saṁskṛtavat) ]
140. 4/260
14.16
To Donadau Śaurasenyamayuktasya [(Taḥ)+(Daḥ) +(Anādau)] [(Saurasenyām) +(Ayuktasya)]
141.
4/261
Adhaḥ Kvacit
142.
4/262
4,15
Vädeståvati [(Vā)+(Adeh) +(Tāvati)]
274
Advanced Praksta Grammar

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Inflected/Original word occuring in the Sutra
(5)
Hrsvaḥ Samyoge
Śesam
Samskṛtavat
Siddham
Taḥ
Dah
Anādau
Adhaḥ
Kvacit
Vā
Adeḥ Tāvati
Original Word Declension
(6)

(Hrsva) 1/1
(Samyoga) 7/1
(Anādi) 7/1
Śaurasenyâm (Śauraseni) 7/1
Ayuktasya
(Ayukta) 6/1
(Śesa) 1/1
(Samskṛtavat)
(Siddha) 1/1
(T) 6/1
(D) 1/3
(Adha) 1/1
(Kvacit)
(Vā)
(Ādi) 6/1 (Tāvat) 7/1
Advanced Prākṛta Grammar
Following the Declinable word
(7)
Rāma
Rāma
Phala
Phala
Bhubhṛt
Bhubhṛt
Hari
Stri
Rāma
Rāma
Hari Bhubhṛt

275

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Sutra
Serial Number
Sutra Number
Combination
rule
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
143.
4/263
À Amantrye Sau Veno Naḥ [(Va)+(Ino)]
144. 4/264
14
Mo Va [(Maḥ)+(Vā)]
145.
4/286
Sesam Prakệtavat
276
Advanced Praksta Grammar

Page #290

Inflected/Original word occuring
in the Sūtra
(5)
Ā
Amantrye
Sau
Va
Inḥ
Naḥ
Maḥ
Vă
Sesam Präkṛtavat
Original Word Declension

(6)
(A) 1/1
(Amantrana) 7/1
(Si) 7/1
(Vā)
(In) 5/1
(N) 6/1
(M) 6/1
(Vā)
(Śeṣa) 2/1 (Prākṛtavat)
Advanced Präkṛta Grammar
Following the Declinable word
(7)
Hari
Nāman
Naman
Bhubhṛt
Råma

000
277

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Reference Books
1. Hemacandra Prákyta Vyakarana : Vyākhyātā Śrī Pyāra Carrdaji Bhāga 1-2
Mahārāja (śri Jaina Diväkara Divya Jyoti Kāryālaya,
Mevădi Bājāra, Byåvara) 2. Prakrta Bhảşãoṁ Ka Vyakarana : Dr. R. Pischel
(Bihāra Rāştrabhāṣā
Parisad, Patanā) 3. Abhinava Prāksta Vyakaraña : Dr. Nemicandra Šāstri
(Tără Pablikeśana,
Vārāṇasī) 4. Prakrta Mārgopadeśikā
: Paṁ. Becaradās Jivarāja
Dosi (Motīlāla Banārasidāsa, Delhi)
5. Praudha Racanănuvāda Kaumudi : Dr. Kapiladeva Dvivedi
(Visvavidyalaya, Prakāšana,
Vārānasi) 6. Pāia-Sadda-Mahaņņavo
: Paṁ. Haragovindadāsa Trikamacanda Setha (Prákyta Grantha Parişad,
Vārānasi) 7. Apabhraṁsa-Hindi Kośa,
: Dr. Nareśa Kumāra Bhåga 1-2
(Indo-Vijana Prā. Lt.) II A, 220, Nehru Nagar,
Gājiyābāda) 8. Hemacandra Prāksta Vyakarana : Dr. Kamala Canda Sogani Sūtra Vivecana
(Jaina Vidya Samsathāna,) (Jaina Vidya - 9, Yogindu Višeşāņka) Digambara Jaina Atiśaya
Kșetra Śri Mahaviraji)
278
Advanced Praksta Grammar

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9. Apabhramśa of Hemacandra
10. Introduction of Ardha
Māgadhi
11. Kåtantra Vyakarana
: Dr. Kāntilāla Baladevarāma Vyāsa (Prākṣta Text Society, Ahmedabad) :A. M. Ghātaga (School and College Book Stall, Kolhapur) : Ganini Aryikā Gānamati (Digambara Jaina Triloka Śodha Samsathana, Hastināpur, Meerut) : Dr. Nemichandra Šāstri (Caukhambhā Vidyabhavan, Vārāṇasi - 1) : Cakradhara Nautiyala 'Hamsa' (Motilāla Banārasidasa Nārāyaṇā, Pheja - 1, Delhi)
12. Prāksta-Prabodha
13. Vrhad Anuvada-Candrika
DOO
Advanced Prakrta Grammar
279

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Page #294