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90 : Śramaņa, Vol 62, No. 4, Oct.-Dec. 2011 In this age of globalization, the spurt in trade activities and job opportunities has led to the large-scale travelling and migration of the people all over the world. This has also effected change in the traditional ethnic and religious geography. All countries in the world have become socially and religiously multicultural without choice. Lack of respect for fellow religious people has led to the rivalry and bitterness among not only nations with adherents of different religions but also among the different religious community of one nation. It has led (and continues to lead) to many wars, terrorist activities and bitterness among different groups in society. The ultimate results of this bitterness and rivalry are religiously-based wars, terrorism, and civil disturbances, as we have seen in the last decade in Afghanistan, Bosnia, Cyprus, India, Iraq, Israel, Kosovo, Macedonia, Nigeria, Northern Ireland, Pakistan, Palestine, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sudan, etc., as well as New York City, the Pentagon, and the Pennsylvania countryside. It should be obvious to all that the root cause of the 9-11 terrorist attacks was religious hatred and intolerance.'
India, also, has witnessed a number of events of religious intolerance, conflicts and riots, having taken place through out its history. Islamic invaders such as Mahmudå of Ghazani committed iconoclasm and genocide of Hindus. Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb is regarded as perpetrators of religious intolerance towards Hindus through acts such as imposition of zajia. The Goa Inquisition was carried out against the Hindu. Muslim and Jewish populations of Goa by Portuguese Rule. Indo-Pakistan partition 1947, 1984 anti Sikh riots, 1992-93 Bombay riots, 2002 Gujarat riots, 2008 Kandhamal riots of post-Independence era are some of the events which jolted heavily the social equilibrium of India. Non-Religious Attitude:The materialsitic approach and effect of globalization has resulted in adopting non-religious outlook by a sizable number of people, specially the youth. This tradition of nonreligious ethical thinking originated in Western Europe and has a
