________________
170 : Śramaņa, Vol 57, No. 3-4/July-December 2006
Naiyāyikas admitted the possibility of substance without guņas at least for a while.
In conclusion Upadhye makes a textual reference in order finally to explain away Siddhasena's objection. Colour, taste, smell and touch are the qualities of matter or pudgala and being inherent and essential characteristics of matter they continue to remain even up to the stage of primary atoms. But qualities too have their paryāyas or modes : colour as a quality has the five modifications black, blue, yellow, white and red."7 So the phrase vaņņapajjavehim (Bhagavatīsūtra 4m,513) means “by the modifications of colour" and there is no implication here at all that the colour is a paryāya. If the word were to be taken as Karmadhāraya compound then the plural loses its force, vaņņa as a quality being only one. The conclusion he thus comes to is that it is justified to draw the distinction between guņa and paryāya. And then he add : moreover we do find passages in the Svetāmbara canon itself where the guņa and paryāya of a dravya are distinguished, namely in Uttarādhyayanasūtra 28, 6.
In Jainism the discussion on dravya, guna and paryāya has been an ongoing one and what has been touched upon here are the basic points of the problem with special reference to Kundakunda.
NOTES
1. This is generally true even though perhaps the first canonical reference to
these terms is in Uttarădhyayanasūtra 28, 5-6 (reference from A.N. Upadhye's Introduction : Sri Kundakundācārya's Pravacanasāra, Agas : The Parama-Sruta-Prabhāvaka Mandal, Shrimad Rajachandra Ashrama, 1984, p. 65). These sūtra state the following : “... The wise ones have taught the knowledge of substances, qualities and all the developments. Substance is the substance of qualities; the qualities are inherent in one substance; but the characteristic of developments is that they inhere in either (viz. substance or qualities).” Hernann Jacobi (tr): Jaina Sūtra, Part II Sacred Books of the East, Vol. 45, 1895, reprinted Delhi : Motilal Banarsidas, 1980, p. 153. The first footnote on the page clearly indicates that "substances, qualities and all developments” refer to dravya, guna and paryāya respectively.
Jain Education International
For Private & Personal Use Only
www.jainelibrary.org
