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'Laksaņā'
507 In cases like 'Lances enter' and, 'Staffs enter the (words) lances and others point to persons connected with them in order to make their own entrance possible. Therefore, this indication is by inclusion (of the primary meaning).
In cases like, "A bull should be immolated', the individual (bull) is implied by the universal (bullness) for the reason, “how can the immolation, enjoined by the Veda, be possible in my case ?". But the individual bull) is not denoted by the word, on account of the rule - "Denotation world not go to (express) the qualified, when its power has been exhausted in (expressing) the qualification." But this (viz. a bull should not be immolated) should not be quoted as an example of inclusive indication. For, there is no motive here. Nor is this inclusive indication. Nor is this usage. The individual is implied by the universal on account of the universal being invariably connected with the individual. As for example, an agent is implied in, "Let (it) be done", and the object is implied in, “Do”. And in cases like, “Enter”, "Sweet-ball”, etc. words like, “a house" and "eat” are understood.
And in example, "The fat Devadatta does not eat by day" the eating at night is not indicated. For that (example) is a case of verbal presumption or factual presumption.
In the example, "A hamlet on the Gangā", the word 'Gangā' surrenders its meaning in order to establish the bank as the location of the hamlet. Thus, in such cases the indication is by exclusion. And this two-fold (indication) is pure, as it is not mixed with fancied identification founded on resemblance.
In these two divisions (of indication), there is no separateness amounting to distinction between the indicated (sense) and the indicative. For, when the words like Gangă and the like convey (the sense of) the bank and the like, the apprehension of the motive while is sought to be established is obta the comprehension of the identity (of the Gangā with the bank). If (by the use of indication) merely a relation with Gangā (viz. stream) were to be apprehended then what difference would there be of indication and a direct mode of expression - "A hamlet on the bank of the Gangā" ?
11 ab - "But another (variety) is the superimponent indication wherein are expressed the object superimposed (visayin) as also the substratum of superimposition (visaya).
Where the object superimposed and the substratum of superimposition are stated in the same case-ending with their distinction non-suppressed - that indication is-superimponent.
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