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534
SAHRDAYĀLOKA asyāḥ samkalanenyónyam astāviņśatir īritāḥ, panca-trimsat samākhyātāḥ
śuddha-bhedaiḥ samam punaḥ.” (II. 11) Thus according to Vidyadhara, laksanā is basically seven-fold which multiples into 28 Varieties due to three-fold samkara and one type of samsrsti and if we add the seven suddha varieties, we arrive at 35 varieties of laksanā.
Vidyānātha in his Pratāpa-rudra-yaśobhușaņa, pp. 36 (Edn. S. Chandrasekhara Sastrigal, Madras, '14) observes :
"vācyárthā’nupapattyā tat-sambandhinyāropitaḥ śabda-vyāpāro laksanā” . Thus when the primary meaning is unacceptable laksaņā operates as 'āropita', 'sabdavyāpāra' - with reference to the primary one. This function is ‘āropita' in the sense in which Mammata has called laksanā an "āropitā kriyā”. The fact is that laksaņā is not basically a sabda-vyāpāra but is an artha-vyāpāra and hence is described metaphorically as a function of a word. The Ratnāpana o Kumāraswamin explains it as - (pp. 36, ibid) - "vācyárthā’nupapattyā mukhyárthabādhena hetunā, tatsambandhini mukhyártha-sambandhe vișaye aropitaḥ śabdavyāpāro laksanety arthah. atra yady api svārtham prattyyāya uparatavyāpārasya śabdasya punar vyāpārántara-ayogād artha eva laksakah, iti arthavyāpāro laksanā tathā'pi vācyadharmo vācaka upacryate iti laksanāyāh śabdavrttitva-vyavahāra iti vijñeyam."
He talks of jahallaksaņā and ajahallaksanā, without defining the same. He provides illustrations. Then he enumerates sāropa laksana with an illustration and a remark later such as (pp. 37, ibid) -
visaya-visayiņor abhihitayor abheda-pratipattir āropaḥ. Visaya-nigaranena abheda-pratipattir adhyavasāyaḥ. - He illustrates sādhyavasāya laksaņā also. Vidyānātha's laksanā is both sādrśyanibandhanā and (sādrsyetara) sambandhanibandhanā. These two are sub-divided into sāropā and sādhyavasānā. It may be noted that by and large Vidyānātha follows Mammata but as he does not notice the two - i.e. sāropa & and sādhyavasānā as sub-varieties of suddhā, he has four varieties of laksanā in place of Mammața's six.
Viśvanātha in his Sāhityadarpana meets out a fuller treatment of laksanā. He has tried to furnish a comparatively better definition of laksana and has also counted 80-varieties of the same, thus furnishing a more scientific attempt at
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