________________
LILAVAT
of J. Turning to chief Präkrit grammarians, Vararuci prescribes the use of n everywhere. Hemacandra' allows n medially, but there is option with regard to initial and double, sɔ far as his principal Prākrit is concerned. Mārkandeya wants ņ everywhere, though he is aware of the option for the initial and duplicate, n or n and nn or nn. Pischel's observations, in this context, are very instructive: "Except in the Pallava Grant. Vijayabudhavarman Grant, Ardhamaga Jaina - Māhārā stri, Jaina - Sauraseni, Paišāci and Culikā-Paisaci, in all other dialects na passes into na, both initially and in the middle (Vararuci 2, 42; Hemacandra 1, 228; Kramadiśvara 2, 106; Markandeya fol. 18): Māhārāsţri na = na; naana = nayana (Gaüda., Hāla, Rāvanavaha ); nalini
= nalini; nâsana - nāśana (Rāvana.); nihana = nidhana (Gaüda., Rāvana. ); nihāna = nidhāna; nihuana = nidhuvana (Hāla); nunam =
(Hala ), nūna (Gaida. Rāvana.) = nūnam. So also in Sauraseni, Māgadhi, Dhakki, Avanti, Däksinātyā and Apabhramsa. In Ardhamăgadhi Jaina-Māhārāștri and Jaina-Sauraseni a single n at the beginning of words and double nn in the middle can remain unchanged. Kramadīśvara 2, 107 allows dental n initially : nai or nai = nadi. In the palm-leaf MSS. na is written also in Ardhamāgadhi and Jaina-Māhārästri in general and throughout in Kakkuka Inscription, while the paper MSS. preserve dental n initially and also in doubling. In the particle nam = nūnám always na is written, which is explained thereby that: originally n stood in the middle and nam an enclitic ( 150 ). The Jainas carry this mode
g over to other dialects, SO that sometimes wrongly in Mahärästri also, for example in the Gaüdavaha, it is kept by the editors after the MSS. The statement of Hemacandra 1.228 rests only on false readings that in Ardhamāgadhi even a medial single n is kept sometimes as in aranāla, anila, anala." Elsewhere he observes thus :"y is assimilated to a nasal; nya, nya become nna, also written as nna in Ardhamågadhi, Jaina-Māhārāstrī and Jaina - Sauraseni, in Māgadhi it becomes ñ ña."
The conventions of modern critical editors are nearly settled. In Ardhamagadhi and Jaina-Māhārăstri texts n is initially preserved (nain excepted ), medially it is ņ, and in a conjunct usually nn (and sometimes nn); in Jaina-Sauraseni, Mähärästri and Sauraseni texts it is necessarily cerebral neverywhere; the conventions for Māgadhi, Paišācī and Apabhramsa
1 Prakrta-prakaśa, II. 42, London 1868. 2 See his Prakrit Grammar, i. 228-9 etc. 3 Prakrta-sarvasva, II, 41-3, Vizagapatam 1927. 4 Grammatik der Prakrit Sprachen, 8 & 224-282 (Strassburg 1900 ).
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