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and bad effects for the society. However, the scientists have come to our help to indicate that the individual is not an isolated system. It is interconnected and interrelated system with environment and other entities each effecting one another. Thus, the scope of Karma theory has gone very wide to include group Karmas, National or international Karmas. This has improved the utility of Karma theory for spreading universal brotherhood and increasing the overall happiness in the world. It has a pregnancy of making the world more peaceful and spritually as well as physically progressive. The scriptural and scienctific concepts about the Theory of Karma have been tabulated under the supplementary notes of 8.4 for comparative knowledge about the past and present of this concept.
There has always been a more intense feeling than S.A. Jain that it is extremely difficult to convey fully the spirit and charm of Sanskṛta into English and that many expositional peculiarities of Sanskṛta cannot be literally translated. In fact, seems an uphill task to translate the highly compounded and very long sentences (covering many lines) involving a complex terminology. It is natural to realise that Sanskṛta language could be highly condensed in words to express lengthy meanings requiring many sentences in English for their elaboration. Despite this, I have tried to do justice in rendering the essense of the original contents as faithfully as possible in simpler English.
Methodology
The methodology adopted in this work has been worked out as
below:
(a) Procurement of important editions of (i) Hindi and English translations of basic text of Tattvärtha Sutra and Tattvärthadhigama Bhaṣya (ii) original or Hindi/English translations of different commentaries on the text along with Raj-Vārtika and (iii) other associated or related literature including research papers and journals. (b) A general study of the above literature in (a) was carried out to define the nature of English translation. Four special points emerged out of it:
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