Jaina Karmaology

Author(s): N L Jain
Publisher: Parshwanath Vidyapith

Page 54

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Jaina Karmology religious killing could be merit-earning, why not he other types of killings as by fishermen? Killing is always the cause of suffering. A logical support has been added to the point. (c) It is pointed out that the above five causes may cause bonding individually or collectively in different spiritual stages. (d) The non-abstinence is different from non-vigilance as the abstained persons are also found to have fifteen types of non-vigilance in terms of 4 idle tales, 4 passions, 5 sense objects, sleep and affection. (e) The passions and non-abstinence are also different as the earlier are the causes of the latter.
2. Vācaka Umāsvāti points out that the wrong faith is the reverse of right faith. Its two varieties are given in different terms: (i) deliberate (derived) and (ii) non-deliberate or natural. The deliberate is due to faith in 363 perverse faiths. The non-deliberate is due to realistation of karma of wrongfulness. 3. It could be pointed out that natural wrong faith is prominently observed in those living beings which have dormant consciousness like worms and other deficient-sensed beings. 4. The non-vigilance has been defined with some additional points in terms of (i) memory-loss about good things and (ii) mis-directed activities besides (iii) disrespect towards good people and (iv) misdirection of mind. 5. Bhaskarnandi also supports that there may be numerable, innumerable and infinite varieties of deliberate wrong faith due to dispositional and fruitional differences of the karmas. The natural wrong faith may also have many varieties depending upon the types of living beings. The wrong knowledge should also be taken as the associated cause of bondage as there is difference between faith and knowledge. 6. The mention of five causes for bonding refutes the absolutist opinion about bonding due to ignorance (Vedantin) or desires (Buddhas) only. It can not also be without cause and it can also not be removed without causes. 7. It is pointed out that the first four causes of bonding upto passions in 8.1 lead to durational and intensity bondages while the activity leads to mass pointal and species bondages. This is clear indication that wrong faith also leads to stronger bonds.