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Jaina Karmology
159 speech and (6) compassionate mind and the like. The merit-earning subspecies cause worldly happiness and promote movement towards the path of spiritual progress. The living beings should try to earn and accumulate these sub-species for better present and future life. They are beneficial to the living beings. These karmic sub-species arise due to the auspicious volitions. 3. The demerit-bonding sub-species are those whose realisation results in (1) increasing the physical and psychical impurity, (2) sinful life. (3) undesirable family members, (4) weak and ugly physique and body, (5) non-compassionate mind and the like. These species cause worldly pains, sorrow, suffering and sensualism. They do not promote movement towards the path of spiritual progress. They increase the worldly cycles. They lead to inauspicious destinities. They arise due to inauspicious volitions. Their earning should be avoided through cultivation of restraints and austerities. 4. It is said that the total number of bonding subspecies is 120 only out of 148 mentioned earlier. This number comes as follows:
(1) Taking only the general variety of touch, taste, smell and colour overlooking their tertiary classification (of 20). Only one type of sub-species is bondable at any time. The others are non-bondable. Thus, we have
20-4=16 (2) The sub-species of righteousness and righteousness-cumwrongfulness are non-bondable. (3) 5 bindings and 5 interfusions
10
Thus, we get (148-28=) 120 bondable species. Out of them, 42 have been called merit earning while 82 have been called demeritearning. The total of the two goes to 124 (i.e. more than the bondable species). This is because, the four sub-species of touch, taste, smell and colour may be auspicious as well as inauspicious. Thus, these four have been included in both the categories. This increases the bondable number by 4 and a total to 124. 5. The Svetambara version of aphorism 8.25 is somewhat different form the Digambara version. It includes four sub-species of (1) righteousness, (2) laughter, (3) male libido and (4) indulgence (relish) among the merit-earning species in the aphorism which do not find mention in 8.25. There is also no commentary on this point by Akalanka. However, as these are the sub-species of destructive deluding karma, they are taken as inauspicious only by the Digambaras in
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