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Jaina Community - A Social Survey Like right belief, right knowledge also has got eight pillars or requirements as follows:
(i ) Grantha : Correct use of the words, (ii) Artha : Full understanding of their meanings, (iii) Ubhaya : Combination of Grantha and Artha, (iv) Kāla : Observance of regularity and propriety of time, (v) Vinaya : Reverent attitude, (vi) Sopadhāna : Propriety of behaviour, (vii) Bahumāna : Zeal, and (viii) Aninhava : Without concealment of knowledge or of
its sources.30 (III) Right Conduct :
Right conduct includes the rules of discipline which restrain all censurable movements of speech, body and mind, weaken and destory all passionate activity and lead to non-attachment and purity. Right conduct presupposes the presence of right knowledge which presupposes right belief. Therefore, it is enjoined upon the persons who have secured right belief and right knowledge to observe the rules of right conduct as the destruction of Karmic matter can be accomplished only through the right conduct. Right conduct is of two kinds : Sakala, perfect or unqualified and Vikala, imperfect or qualified, and of these two kinds the unqualified is observed by ascetics who have renounced worldly ties and the qualified by layman still entangled in the world.31 As ethics is mainly concerned with the several rules of conduct prescribed both for layman and ascetics, let us see them in detail to grasp the proper meaning of Jaina Ethics.
7. JAINA ETHICS
The rules of conduct are always designed to achieve the main aim or object in life. The goal according to Jainism is to obtain. Moksha, that is, freedom from the continuous cycle of births and deaths. The soul achieves real and everlasting happiness only when it can escape from samsāra or transmigration of the soul whioh is always fraught with sorrows and trouble. The sole. reason of movement of soul from one life to another is the fact :
