________________
The Working Model
323
mentioned that the Jainas who resided in Saurāshtra, i. e., Kathiawar, were called Saurāshtravālas who later came to be known as Sorathavala and Saitavāla. This does not seem to be plausible because in the first place the Saitavālas appear to be the native residents of the Marāthi speaking Districts of the former Bombay province, the Central Provinces and Berar and the Hyderabad State, and secondly if at all they would have come from outside, they might have come from the North and especially from Rajaputana as still we occasionally find them keeping marital relations with the Jainas of Rājasthāna. Further, as regards the origin of some small castes we get the following information. It has been mentioned that the Bhāvasāra (Bāvanagāma ) caste has been formed out of the persons outcasted by Osavāla and other Kshatriya castes. The Dhākada Jainas are said to have come from the Dhāka-gada State in Central India. About the Budhelā sub-caste it has been stated that the Budhelā sub-caste originated from Yadu Vamsa. The progeny of Jarat-kumāra lost the kingdom of Kalinga and came to Lamba-Kāñchana Deśa in the South where they adopted Vastrājivikā, that is, maintenance by trade, etc. Thence they migrated to Central India and Rajaputana and came to be known as Lamba-Kañchuka or Lamechū. Budhelās, who were a class or sub-gotra cf Lamechūs, effected social reform and formed a separate group with some members of other gotras.
21. JAINAS IN ASCETIC STAGE The Jaina community in the ancient past was composed of four parts, namely, Sādhus (i. e. male ascetics), Sadhvis (i. e. female ascetics ), Śrāvakas (i. e. male laity ), and Śrāvikās (i. e. female laity). Thus the ascetics and ordinary people formed two important divisions of the community and there has always been a close connection between these two divisions. The rules of ascetic life according to Jainism are very strict and gradually the number of people in the ascetic order of the community declined. The exact number of such people is not available and therefore to get a rough idea about it the question number 22 was asked. From the replies it appears that there are at present many ascetics, both male and female, in the Jaina community and that the number of ascetics among the Svetāmbaras is far greater than that among the Digambaras. In the Śvetāmbara sect all the three subsects, namely, Mūrtipūjaka, Sthānakavāsi and Terāpanthi, possess a
