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The Working Model
335
32. INTER-MARRIAGES The rules of endogamy are very strict in Jaina community and they must be pressing very hard on the Jainas because the Jainas are scattered all over India and are divided and sub-divided into sects, sub-sects, castes and sub-castes. These rules perpetuate and increase the differences between the divisions and create segments in the society. One of the main ways of bringing the various segments close together is the practice of inter-marriage between them. With a view to know whether this practice is observed by some Jaina families at least—as the castes do not allow it—the question number 33 was asked. From the replies it will be noted that there are only 40 families whose members have contracted such marriages. The geographical distribution of these families is as follows-12 from Gujarātha, 7 from Bombay City, 5 from North India, 9 from Central India, 4 from Mahārāshtra and Karnātaka, and 3 from South India. This shows that though the tendency of inter-marriage is noticeable in all parts of India, yet it is more evident in the parts of India other than Mahārāshtra, Karnātaka and South India. Regarding these inter-marriages it may be noted that inter-caste and inter-sub-caste marriages come first, then the inter-provincial marriages and lastly the inter-sect and inter-religious marriages. Further, if we corelate the families wherein such marriages have taken place with their main sects, it will be seen that both the main sects, the Digambara and Svetāmbara, claim an 'equal number, that is 20, of the families on their side. It means that the tendency of intermarriages is observed, though in a small measure, in both the sects and in varying degrees in all different parts of India.
33. JAINA FESTIVALS The questions from number 34 onwards were concerned with miscellaneous customs and manners and personal views on certain matters. It has already been noted that the Jainas possess a large number of festivals of their own which are observed mainly as
ligious ceremonies.22 Along with the observance of their own festivals, many Jainas celebrate some of the Hindu festivals also. With a view to know the present position in this regard the question number 34 was asked and from the replies it will be noted that the Jainas observe most of the Jaina festivals and participate in some of the main Hindu festivals. There are, however, nearly 25% of
