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Biology in Jaina Treatise on Reals
contention. The living being is born in the world due to the causes of wrong faith etc.. Who could be infernal or human if the soul did not exist ? The soul can be proved as: (i) It is directly perceived by the omnicient and (ii) The worldly being is perceived even by clairvoyants and telepaths. (iii) Any entity can not be completely negated. It will, otherwise involve the loss of worldly ways. (iv) The senses and knowledge due to them can not be possible until there is their receiver-soul. (v) The case of doubt, existence of contrary, non-steadiness, feeling of Iness or My-ness are direct or indirect proofs for the existence of the soul.
y.
3. Classification of the Living Beings
There are two types of living beings - (i) worldly wanderers and (ii) salvated. The first ones are karmically bonded earning and enjoying their fruition. The world itself has five varieties - (i) substantive (ii) locational (iii) temporal (iv) modal and (v) existential (birth and death). The liberated beings are free of karmic bonds. The worldly beings are placed first in 2.9 as they are many and salvation is attained by them only.
The worldly beings have two varieties - (i) mind-possessing and (ii) non-mind-possessing. The first kind has both types of mind - (i) physical (brain) and (ii) psychical (volitions). The mind works for all the senses and has a capacity of thinking desirable and undesirable. Moreover, all the scriptural subjects are also its objects and not of the sense of hearing (aph. 2.21) However, all the living beings do not have at least psychical) mind and 1-4sensed and some 5-sensed beings are said to have no mental activities worth name. The utility of composing three separate aphorisms, 2.10-2.12 has also been pointed out to elaborate proper canonical meanings.
The worldly beings have again two varieties based on senses - (i) mobiles (2-5-sensed ones) due to the fruition of physique making karma of mobiles and (ii) non-mobiles (1-sensed) due to the fruition of the karma of nonmobiles. If the karmic base is not accepted, the beings in the womb, the uterines, oviparous, intoxicated and deep sleeping ones will also be called nonmobiles while air, water or fire beings will be called mobiles. All this is noncanonical as per Digambaras. 4. Sub-classification of the living beings (a) Non-mobile beings
There are five kinds of non-mobile beings due to the fruition of specific physique making karmas. Each of the earth etc. have four varieties- i.e earth, earth-body, earth-embodied and would be earth in case of earth. The order of placing these five non-mobiles has also been justified with statement
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