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Biology in Jaina Treatise on Reals
two have the beginningless and beginningful association with the soul with different aspects and (c) they are possessed by all the souls or living beings. 3. The intrigueing question here would be how the densest and fine karmanic body or denser luminous body could be non-resisting through material bodies? This point requires elucidation by the canonists. The resistance is observed only in gross bodies and not in fine bodies- is not a satisfactory answer. However, their non-resistance is universal upto the last point of the inhabited universe as there is no medium of motion and rest beyond it.
4.
The transformational and ejectable bodies are also said to be nonresisting in the mobile channel zone only and not the inhabited universe as a whole. That is why, they cannot be equated with these two bodies.
5. The dual nature of association of body and soul can also be expressed in terms of substantive and modal standpoint. The karmas get bound due to wrong faith etc. They may also be destroyed due to austerities etc. This is all in modal state.
6.
The gross body of permanent general-bodied beings cannot be called infinitely associated as it is not found in them during their transmigratory motion.
7. The other three bodies cannot, otherwise, be produced if there is no earlier luminous and karmanic body association.
8. The Buddhas and the Vaiseṣikas contend about many other bodies. All of them are the different forms of these five bodies only. The dream-ending body (svapnantika) could be dispensed with easily as it will involve the reality of dream-enjoyables. The logic of latency applies in both cases. The concept of natural body of pure knowledge is also not tenable as it will incur the nondifference between the body and the embodied. The knowledge is the quality of the embodied soul. The overcarrier body (Ativahika) is nothing else but the karman body itself as it is responsible for the wanderings in the world. The creator body (Nairmanika) is the transformational body of the Jainas. The enjoymental body is not different from the first three of the bodies in these aphorisms. The four or five-elemental body is the gross body. The concept of earthly body in celestial world, firy body in astral world, watery body in the world of ocean and airy body in the world of wind reflect the various forms of transformational body. The linga and suksma bodies of some systems are also included in these bodies. The Theosophists postulate seven types of bodies (gross, etheirc, caloric, astral, mental etc.) which could be also be included in these five bodies.
9. The karman body is a mattergic entity causing the living being to wander in the world. The existence of the karmas could be proved by inference. The karma is a modal state of mattergy as it is instrumental in subjugating the living like the jail or chain. Of course, there are physical karmas and psychical
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