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Biology in Jaina Treatise on Reals
lal.
them as the intrinsic properties of the living. There is dependent-dependable relationship between these volitions and the living beings. 4. These five volitions have been mentioned with respect to their possibility in all the living beings in general or any living being in particular. 5. It is not necessary that all these five volitions occur simultaneously. It is stated that - (a) the beings under liberation have only two volitions - (i) destructional and (ii) inherent, and (b) the other wordly beings may have volitions varying between 3 to 5 as below : (i) Volitions found upto the third stage of spiritual developmentthere are three volitions- (a) realisational (b) inherent and (c) destructioncum-subsidential. (ii) Volitions found upto tenth stage with subsidential or destructional right faith- there are four volitions- (a) realisational (b) inherent (c) destruction-cum-subsidential and (d) subsidential or destructional. (iii) Volitions found above tenth stage and after ascending the subsidential ladder- there are all the five volitions. (iv) The subsidential and destructional volitions are not found in nonliberatables. That is why, the two are placed in the sequence. 6. The realisational volition is non-living by nature as it is related with karmas. It becomes the volition of the living beings because of beginningless association between the two. It is, therefore, extrinsic volition also. The others are the natural or intrinsic ones. 7. These volitions are the uncommon characteristics of the living reals only. They are not observed in other reals. They are the intrinsic properties of the living just as the eight different parts (feet, hands, head, breast, back, and buttocks) of the body or five components (stem, branch, leaves, flowers and fruits) of the trees are intrinsic parts of the corresponding entities. Of course, there are many inherent properties like existence, functionality etc. (as enumerated under aphorism 2.7) which are found in the living and non-living reals-both. However, because of their commonness, they have not been included here. 8. These volitions have been derivatively defined through the explanatories of the text. There seems to be no difference between the derivative and traditional meaning of these volitions. 9. These volitions are taken as internal factors for karmic processes while substantive, locational and temporal factors are taken to be external ones. 10. The order of the volitions in the aphorism is based on the objective of liberation. 11. The word 'Alpa' in short aphorism 2.1.9 has two meanings- (i) short in duration and (ii) small in number. The subsidential volitioned ones have least values on both counts:
1/As P = 1/As Ks = 1/00 Ks
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