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Biology in Jaina Treatise on Reals
O. There is a grammatical rule that the smaller number should be placed first according to Patanjala Bhasya, (2.2.34) as is the case with numeration of four and ten etc. A. This is not a flaw. It has already been said that this placement has been made due to better respectability.
There are eight kinds of knowledgal consciousness- (i) sensory (ii) verbal, vocable or scriptural (iii) clairvoyance (iv) telepathy (v) omniscience (vi) wrong sensory (vii) wrong vocable, verbal or scriptural and (viii) wrong clairvoyance.
Their are four kinds of conational consciousness- (i) occular (ii) nonoccular (iii) clairvoyant and (iv) omniscient conation.
Their differentia have already been mentioned (under commentary in 2.5). Q. It is contended that there is no difference between apprehension and conation. A This is not correct. Their difference has been explained earlier (by mentioning that they have different karmic origins in 1.15.13. (The conation arises due to the conation-obscuring karma while the knowledge arises due to knowledge-obscuring karma). The knowledge and conation occur successively in the case of non-omniscient. They occur simultaneously in case of those who have destroyed the karmic covering. Supplementary Notes 1. The commentary deals with the following points: (a) The consciousness has two main varieties-determinate or knowledge and non-determinate or conation. Each of them has subdivisions. (b) There are eight kinds of knowledges-five right and three wrong. There are four kinds of conations. They have been described in aphorism 1.9 and 2.5. (c) The determinate consciousness has been placed first in the aphorism as it has better respectability due to its ascertaining character. (d) There are some other points too mentioned in earlier aphorisms. 2. The word 'that' (tat, nominative case) indicates the term capacitative or functional consciousness. Some object for its inclusion in the aphorism. However, it is necessary to refer to the non-intervalised topic, i.e. consciousness. 3. Some contend that consciousness is different from knowldedge and conation as it is found in the living beings under transmigratory motion even without them. However, it is contradictory logically and canonically. There is no logic which could prove difference between them. Canonically, Bhagavati (12.10.467) mentions that the living beings under transmigratory motion etc. have knowledge and conation. They also have psychic senses too (ibid, 1.7.61). There is no mention of any state of consciousness devoid of knowledge and conation.
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