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Biology in Jaina Treatise on Reals
The living beings at 14th stage cannot be called 'liberated' as they have existence of 85 karmic sub-species out of 148 upto the last moment. Hence, they have a separate category.
Vidyananda does not seem to agree with the points of Akalanka for the utility of the word 'ca' as they are inherently inferable points even without it. 7. All the biologically defined living species are included in the word 'worldly beings'. They are mentioned later in terms of botanical and zoological species. Most of the discussion in this chapter will be related with worldly beings. It is, therefore, the chapter on Jaina Biology.
8.
The psychologists agree that man is the actor and enjoyer or reactor without mentioning the term 'soul' as per 2.10.1Q.
9.
Pujyapada has described the five types of worldly cycles as below:
The 'soul' has enjoyed successively all the karmic and quasi-karmic mattergy infinite times and cast them off similarly. This cycle of mattergic enjoying and casting off is known as cycle of matter or substantivity.
The 'soul' has been taking births in the forms occupying from the smallest area to the largest area of the universe successively and infinite times. This locational transmigration is called the cycle of location.
The cycle of time is defined as a continuous series of births and deaths of the same living being during the ascending and descending series of time cycles.
The cycle of volition is defined as a continuous cycle of karmic accumulations with respect to different bond types by the soul due to attachment with wrong faith.
The cycle of birth is defined as a continuous series of births and deaths with minimun and maximum durations in all the four destinities upto the abodes of higher Graiveyaka due to attachment with wrong faith.
10. Akalanka has a change of sequence of these cycle. He has placed cycle of volitions before the cycle of births. This seems more logical as volitions are responsible for rebirthal process.
The next aphorism describes the varieties of the worldly beings who have the senses due to accumulated physique-making karma and who have the nature of self-experiencing the effects of good and bad karmas and who are continuing the worldly cycles:
Samanaskā-amanaskāh
2.11
The worldly beings have two varieties- (i) mind-possessing and (ii) non-mind-possessing
1.
There are two kinds of worldly beings with respect to endowment (i) with mind or (ii) without mind. The mind has two varieties- (i) physical and (ii) psychical. The physical mind appears due to the realisation of mattermaturing physique-making karma of limbs and minor limbs. The psychical
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