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Biology in Jaina Treatise on Reals
knowledge etc. even under karmic subjugation. It is said that though the soul is identical with karmas with respect to karmic bondage, it is different from the
ew of its own characteristics. Thus, the non-mattergic nature of soul has no absolute character.
If it is so, what are the intrinsic characteristics of the soul which distinguish it despite its indentity with karmic bonds:
Upayogo Lakșanam 2.8 The living one (soul) is characterised by general or applied (capacitative or functional) consciousness. (This text does utilise the term 'Jiva' for the living which generally means embodied soul. In fact, this differentia refers to both the types of soul- embodied as well as dis-embodied one). 1.Q. What is meant be 'functional consciousness' (i.e. upayoga)? A. There are two kinds of causes- (i) internal and (ii) external. Each of these two have two varieties- (i) inalienable and (ii) alienable. The inalienable external cause is the specific transformation of the soul in terms of senses like the eyes etc. which are associated with it and occupy specific shape, size and structure due to specific physique-making karma. The alienable external cause is lamp etc. (spectacles, eye lotion, vitamin A & D capsules etc.).
The alienable internal cause is the physical activity of motion in embodied soul spacepoints) which is receptacle for mental sentiments (cinta) like intelligence etc. and which is characterised by mental, vocal and bodily variforms. This is called internal as it is engrossed internally. It is called alienable, as it is different from the soul. The inalienable internal cause is the physical activity arising from the destruction and destruction-cum-subsidence of the karmas of energy-obstruction, knowledge-obscuring and conation-obscuring type. The attendent purity of the living soul may also be called the inalienable internal cause.
Both these causes are observed with due possibilities. No definite rule is observed. For example, some men require lamp light etc. without which they cannot see through eyes etc., while the animals like tigers and cats can see even without them. The different sense organs like eyes etc. are also dependent upon acquirement of various senses. The non-instinctive living ones have internal senses without mind. The instinctive living ones have all the three types of activities.
The one-sensed living ones, the living ones under transmigratory motion and the omniscients with acitivity under extrication - all these have only single activity-physical activity. However, they also have the correesponding psychical activity due to the varying degree of destruction-cum-subsidence upto the stage of destroyed-passion. In higher stages, the knowledge-obsuring karma etc. are destroyed. Thus, different types of causes are found under different conditions.
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