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Biology in Jaina Treatise on Reals
12. Untimely Death
All the living beings have death or termination of current life-span karma in natural or non-natural (from many external causes) way. There is always posibility of untimely death of the living beings due to causes like (i) karmic prematuration (ii) medication or (iii) fire and poison etc.. Though the untimely death occurs after the full fruition of bound karmas only but in this state, the shedding of total karmic drippings takes place prematurally and fastly.
ome living beings like special bed birth, ultimate and best bodied and innumerable-year life-spanned ones do not have untimely or unnatural death. They enjoy their full life-span.
Conclusions
The studies undertaken during this project lead to the following probablistic conclusions :
(i) Tattvārtha Sūtra is a pre-schismic and the first Jaina aphorismic sacred text in Sanskrta containing the filtered tenets current in the days of the aphorist of the third century A.D. involving many of them supposed to be not in tune with current schismic concepts. The text is highly popular in Digambaras while it seems historical in S-section.
(ii) The life sketch of Umāsvāti (-mi) is not properly available. Each schismic tradition stakes its claim on him. For the Digambaras, he may probably be a sourthern while for S-section, he is northern. But the author of the text should be a single individual as is supported by 83% aphorismic commonality.
It is not definite how and when the rest 17% changes have taken place and which is the original version? Both sides have strong points in their favour. His biography could, therefore, be prepared on the basis of information from both the sources. However, a unified stand on his identity seems remote.
Out of many commentaries, the Digambara ones are noted for their logistically and philosophically advanced nature. The majority of them were composed in the south in contrast to the S-commentaries composed in North. All agree that Akalanka's Rājavārtika excels among them. It reflects upon the eighth century state of philosophical and scientific knowledge. In contrast, Vidyananda's explanatory abounds in inferential logic and refutation of Buddhists and Mimānsakās.
(iv) The Tattvārtha Sūtra has about more than 40% contents related with the physical world indicating its importance even for the spritualists. Răjaavārtika forms about 50% of its commentary on the physical world. This
stly traditionally authentic views on the basis of logic and polyviewism. However, he seems to have fixed and established many conventions in the field of Jaina logic and encouraged criteria of logical amenability for general considerations. The second and fifth chapters were
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