Pathik 1991 Vol 31 Ank 08

Author(s): K K Shastri and Other
Publisher: Mansingji Barad Smarak Trust
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/535368/1

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra va` 31 muM 'ka mA sa. 2049 sana 1993 me u sva. mAnasa'gajI khAsa smAraka TrasTa-sacAlita ve [tihAsa-purAtattvanuM" eka mAtra gujarAtI mAsika Adya taMtrI: sva. mAnasagajI bhA itihAsanI ArasImAM taMtrI-maDaLa : DaoN. ke. kA. zAstrI DaoN. nA. ke, bhaTTI DA, sau, bhAratIbahena zelata 17. yadu : pUruvaMza kivA pauravemAM dhRtarASTra eka evI sattA che ke jenA vaidika sAhityamAM nirdeza thayele che. A pachI ApaNe yayAtinA khInna eka putra dhaMdu' vize kAMI mAhitI maLatI hoya tA e jANavAnI prayatna kariye. hakIkatamAM vaidika sAhityamAM mRdu' saMjJA jANItI che. RgvedamAM aneka vAra (1-36- 18, 1-54-6, 15-74-9, 4-33-17, 5 13-8, 6-45-1, 8-4-7, 8-7-18, 8-9-14, 8-105, 8-45-27, 9-61-2, 10-49-8; kha. va-mA 1-108-8) mATe bhAge 'tuza' sAthe jovA maLe che. yaduee sudAsanI sAmenA yuddhamAM bhAga lIdhA hatA. A yuddhamAM yadue ane tuzA bhAgI chUTayA hatA, jyAre anue ane kru mAryA gayA hatA. A badhA ja te te kuLanA rAjavI hatA e Azcarya mAtra eka purANamAM yatinA pAMca putro tarIke aneka rIte nirUpAyelA emAMnA eka tarIkenA vaidika sAhityanA yadunA ekavacane paN yayAtinI para MparAmAM ullekha thaye| nathI. puraNAma e pAMce. cadrava zIya paraMparAmAM batAvavAmAM AvelA che. AtAMnA duthI yaduza' kivA vizALa 'yAdavakula' mathurA pradezamAM nirUpAyela che te pachIthI saurASTramAM dvArakAnA pradezamAM vikasyuM. 18, devakIputra kRSNa : vavaMzanI sAtvata zAkhAnA vRSNuinA vaMzamAM thayeza vasudevanI patnI devakInA putra tarIke purANAmAM 'kRSNa' khUba vyApaka che; paNa vaidika sAhityamAM tA cheka chAMdegyApaniSadamAM ja sulabha che (3-17-6). koSItika brAhmaNa (30-9)mAM kRSNa AMgirasa' jANavAmAM Ave che. e RgvedanuM eka sUkta (8-85-3, 4)mAM eka RSi tarIke jovA maLe che. enA putra vizvaka ke khuda kRSNane e pachInA 86mA sUktanA kartA ('kAoiSNa'') tarIke jovA maLe che. khIjA be sastI (1-116 ane 117)mAM kAya tarIke sUcita che. AmAM jovA maLatuM kRSNa nAma kauzIka brAhmaNunAM 'kRSNa AMgirasa' sAthe ekAtmaka hAya ema lAge che. majhA e che ke chAMdogyopaniSadamAM 'kRSNa devakIputra'e dhAra AMgirasa'nA ziSya tarIke sUcita thayela che. yurApIya vidvAnA--triyasa na gAkhe edara vagere vidvAnA--A devakIputra kRSNa ja devatva (izvaratva) pAmyA evA mata dharAve che. kRSNa AMgirasa' sattA gurunI AMgirasa' saMjJAthI guru-ziSyanI para'parAmAM mAtra che ke e kRSNa 'AMgirasa gAtra'nA hatA. e eka gUMcavaNu vicAra mAMgI le che. upaniSada 'devakIputra' kahIne yadu-sAtvata-viSNu kuLanA purANamAnya avatArI bhagavAna kRSNa che enA kAMika aNusAra Ape che. pitAnu nAma na hovAne kAraNe sA TakA nirNAya para AvI zakAya nahi, chatAM 'devakIputra' saMjJA evI che ke ApaNane paurANika bhagavAna kRSNa sAthe e ekAtmakatA sAdhavAmAM sahAyaka bane che. A kRSNa upaniSadamAM adhyApaka tarIke jovA maLe che, khezaka, eka kSatriya tarIke. hakIkate A devakIputra kRSNa RgvedanA suktakAra kRNu tA nathI ja. --taMtrI For Private and Personal Use Only

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5 muM prakaraNa vyavasAyamAM paDelA sajene vize, 64 prakaraNabe kesamAM tathA anya taka sevA ApanAra sajajane vize, 7muM prakaraNa Teliphena-dhArake vize, 8muM prakaraNa nI vi. kA. sahakArI maMDaLIo vize, 7 muM prakaraNa navA vADajanA videzanA pravAse che. bhAIo vize ane huM 10muM prakzaNa "vADajanA bharavADenI viziSTatA' vize sAmAjika kSetre, zikSaNakSetra, vyavasAyakSetra ane saMgaThanakSetre sara kI vadhelI viziSTatAe be AvI che. A graMtha Ama ItihAsa sAthe sAmAjika vikAsa mUrta karI Ape che. vekhA A ja abhinaMdanane pAtra che. 2. aNahIla bharavADa : saMpa, ane pra. upara mujaba gila DemI 8 peja 5.a+ BA tA. 28-1-1993 : vasaMtapaMcamI, mU9ya amudrita. nAnA nAnA 21 mudAomAM nirUpAyelA A nAnA pustakamAM chellAM traNa muddAomAM anukrame vanarAja cAvaDo' "aNahIla amara banyo' ane aNahIla bharavADa (vArtAtmaka, lekhaka zrI manajI paramAra) nirUpAyela che. bAkInA 1 thI 18 muddAo bharavADa jJAtinI utpatti ane utthAna sAthe sAtha eka jJAti tarIke kevI rIte vikAsa thayo ene silasilAbaMdha ItihAsa Ape che. 6 prakaraNomAM nirUpatAM mahatvanAM muddA 1-bharavADa jJAtinuM vyavasthita baMdhAraNa thayuM. saM. 1165, 4-bharavADa jJAtine AraMbha ane aNahIla bharavADa, 7-kumArapALanA vakhatamAM vepAlanI sthiti, 8-18 muslima salatanatAnI samayanI mahattavanI Uthala-pAthale tema saMdharSe, AkharI jaMga ane tharA tIrthasthAnane nIza, e khAsa noMdhapAtra che. 17-18mAM mudAomAM eka ja valAnI vaDavAIo" ane "AhIra-amIrabharavADa e mathALe beu gopAlaka jJAtinI mUlamAMnI ekAtmakatA tarapha aMgulinirdeza karavAmAM Avyo che. "aNahIla amara banyo" ane "aNahIla bharavADa" e be prakaraNane ba da karatAM pUrvanAM cAra prakaraNe zuddha itihAsana che ane saMpAdake e tAravIne ApavAne sAro prayatna karyo che e va catAM ja khyAla Ave che. 3, sata smaraNa : cAraNakavi lAgIdAsa mehaThu-kRta, saMpA. zrI studAna rohaDiyA ane De. aMbAdAna re haDiyA, pra. zrI pravIdAna he. gaDhavI, "zivama', 3 lAkhAjIrAja sosAyaTI, dUdhasAgara mArga, rAjakoTa-360003; kA. 16 pejI pR. 655; 1990; kiM. rU. 15/ cAraNakavi lagIdAsa mahephanA 17 dehA anuvAda ane zabdakoza sAthe ApatAM vidvAna saMpAdake e AraMbhanAM 19 pRSThomAM kavinA jIvana ane kavana vize japUrNa nirUpaNa ApyuM che ene samAdara karatAM AnaMda thAya che. A pUrve zrI ratudAnajIe pre. De. ivaralAla davenI sAthe lagIdAsane okhAharaNanuM mahattvanuM saMpAdana ApyuM hatuM. emAM lAgIdAsanAM jIvana-kavana vize vigate paricaya Apyo hato. A saMpAdanamAM ene pramANamAM saMkSepa Apyo che. cAraNe e sarasvatInI upAsanA satata cAlu rAkhI hatI ane seMkaDo graMthanI prAyaH DIMgaLI belIma racanAo ApI hatI. Ane sAre e saMgraha sI. yuni.nA bhASAvibhAgamAM saMgrahAIne rahelAnAM darzana karavAne vega amane 1980 nA jAnyu-phebru-mArcamAM maLyuM hatuM. baLakaTa vANImAM racAyelI A racanAo joDakaNu nathI, emAM kavitvanI choLo UDatI anubhavI zakAya che. A kavienAM niSNAtmaka temaja TaLI dehasAhitya vageremAM ApaNane kavipratibhAnI jhAMkhI Dagale ne pagale thAya che, . daskRti ane upadeze paNa evI rIte nirUpAyelAM hoya che ke e pratyeka eka eka subhAvita banI rahela hoya che. For Private and Personal Use Only

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sAbhAra svIkAra 1, vADajanA vaDalA : sacitra : le. zrI surezabhAI punAbhAi bharavADa, pra. gujarAta gopAla sAhitya samiti, The. gopAladhAma, 12/bI/1, nIlakaMTha kelenI, vedama dira roDa, kAMkariyA, amadAvAda380022; signala DemI 8 pejI pu. 16+112; tA. 1-8-1892, janmASTamI; mUlya amudrita. gujarAtanI suprasiddha bharavADa jJAtinA sAmAjika abhyAsamAM sahAyaka thAya evA A ekAMgI lAgate chatAM mahattvane sUcaka graMtha bharavADa jJAtinA AgevAna zrI surAbhAIe taiyAra karI A che. hakIkatamAM navAvADajamAM AvI vaselAM bharavADa-kuTuMbenI sAthe jUnA vADajamAMthI thoDe ja dUra navuM vADaja kema astitvamAM AvyuM e batAvavAne A graMthamAM lekhakane prayatna che. eka vAyakhaMDa ApaNane ati saMkSepamAM ghaNuM kahI jAya che, jemake "vADajanA vaDalA'mAM kudaratanA kepathI navuM vADaja kema vasAvyuM ane jUnA vADAmAM, are kAMTA ke thoranI vADImAM pote ane pazao rahI vADAmAMthI vADaja kema banAvyuM tenI vAta che. e pachI sAmAjika saMskAra, zikSaNa ane vyavasAya vageremAM gopAlaka jJAti zunyamAMthI sAta pagathiyAM kema caDatI gaI enA AMkaDA, hakIkata ane nAmaThAma sahitano ItihAsa Ave che." (prastA. pU. 9) 1 lA prakaraNamAM (junA) vADaja gAmane paricaya jovA maLe che. A gAma sa. 702 (i. sa. 949)nA rautra sudi 5 ne ravivAre "vIrapura" nAmathI astitvamAM AvyuM hovAnI mAhitI maLe che. nava vADaja saM. 1928 (I. sa. 1876)nA mAdha sudi 5 ne somavAre astitvamAM AvyuM. kAraNamAM sAbaramatInA ghelA pUre jUnA vADajane vinAza karI nAkhela. gAmanI thAMbhalI bAMdhanAra bharavADa brAhmaNa suthAra kuMbhAra ane harijana hatA, te khAtamuhUrtavidhi karanAra zrI. kuMvarAbhAI pUjAbhAi bharavADa (gohilatara) tathA zrI bhalAbhAi hiMdubhAi bharavADa khIMTa hatA. A navA gAme paNa aneka taDakIchAMyaDI joI hatI, chanAM e sArI rIte vikasI AvyuM che. ahIM ja zrI rAdhAkRSNa ThAkara bharavADamaMdirane ane navA vADaja grA-zatAbdI mahotsava paNa UjavAi gayela che. A prakaraNamAM ja AgaLa "A pallI : AsAvela ane karNAvatIne ItihAsa rajU karI Ape che, jemAM pachIthI amadAvAda vasyuM ane e nagara te AjanuM amadAvAda. bIjuM prakaraNa "vasavATa' ane vastIne khyAla Ape che. pAMca mahollA pATIdAronA thayA ane dakSiNe "bharavADavAsa' vikasyo. A prakaraNamAM bharavADanAM sAta kuTuMba vikasyAM ene vistArathI vigatavAra te te kuTuMbanA sabhyonA nAmolekha sAthe khyAla Ape che. 3 prakaraNa AvI vasela bharavADa kuTuMbanA sAmAjika ane sAMskRtika vikAsane sArA vistArathI khyAla Ape che, 4dhuM prakaraNa chellAM 50 varSanA bharavADa bhAIo-bahenanA thayelA zaukSaNika vikAsane paricaya sulabha karI Ape che. AmAM aneka kSetre tejasvI tAralAo prakAzamAM AvyA che ene samucita khyAla meLavavAnuM bhAgya maLe che. For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra s cAya che. pachInA 15 divasamAM aMka na maLe te sthAnika posTa AphisamAM likhita phariyAda karavI ane enI nakala amane mekalavI. 0 'pathika' sarvopayogI vicArabhAvanA ane jJAnanuM mAsika che. jIvanane UdhvagAmI banAvata abhyAsapUrNa ane ziSTa maulika lakhANAne svIkAravAmAM Ave che. 0 prasiddha thaI gayelI kRtine pharI prasiddha karavA mATe na mokalavAnI lekhakoe kALajI rAkhavI. kRti sArA akSare zAhIthI ane kAgaLanI eka ja bAjue lakhelI hovI joie. kRtimAM koI anya bhASAnAM avataraNu mUkayAM hoya to eno gujarAtI tarajUmo ApavA jarUrI che. kRtimAMnA vicAronI javAbadArI lekhakanI raheze. O 'pathika'mAM prasiddha thatI kRtienA vicAre abhiprAyo sAthe . pathika' pratyeka a'grejI mahinAnI 15 mI tArIkhe prasiddha varSa 32] vaizAkha, sa. 2049 : me, sane 1993 [a'pha 8 anukrama tatrI sahamata che ema na samajhavuM. asvIkRta kRti pAchI meLavavA . jarUrI TikiTo AvI haze te tarata parata karAze. www.kobatirth.org . namUnAnA arkanI nakala mATe 4-50nI TikiTo mokalavI. ma.e. DrAphTa patro lekhe pathika kAryAlaya, madhuvana, elisabrija, asa.-380006 e sthaLe mokalo. pathika ] Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Adya taMtrI : sva. mAnasa gajI bAraDa ta'trI-maMDaLa ( ) vArSika lavAjama : dezamAM rU. 30/DaoN. ke. kA. zAstrI ( ) videzamAM rU. 111/-, chUTaka rU. 4/ 2. DaoN. nAgajIbhAI bhaTTI, 3. DaoN. bhAratIbahena zelata itihAsanI ArasImAM sAbhAra-svIkAra bApAvALA pALiyA gujarAtanA itihAsanA muslime lekhake kacchane Adi mAnava taMtrI mukhapRSTha 1 * ', zrI vIrabhadrasiMha sAlakI ra DA. IzvaralAla ojhA 5 zrI rAjaratna gAsvAmI 11 17 For Private and Personal Use Only vinati vArSika grAhakoe potAnuM ke potAnI sa MsthA kaoNleja yA zALAnuM lavAjama rU. 30/- hucha na mAkalyu hoya to satvara ma..thI mokalI ApavA hArdika vinaMti. saranAmAmAM gALa thatu lamAM pahelA apha kayA mAsathI grAhaka thayAnu` kahe che. e mAsa pahelAM lavAjama maLavu' abhISTa che. agAunAM lavAjama eka ke ekathI vadhu varSoMnAM bAkI che te paNa saveLA mokalI ApavA kRpA kare, eka hAthamAM Ave e gALAmAM lavAjama mokalI ApanAre AvA vatulane dhyAnamAM na levA vina`ti. pathika'nA AzrayadAtA rU. 1001/- thI ane AjIvana sahAyaka rU. 301/- thI thavAya che. bheTa tarIke paNa rakama svIkAravAmAM Ave che. sva. zrI. mAnasa'gajIbhAInA ane pathika'nA cAhakone 'pathika kAryAlaya'nA nAmanA ma.. ke DrAphTathI mAkalI ApavA vinaMti. A chellI e prakAranI tema rU. 50 thI laI vadhu AvatI bheTanI rakama anAmata ja rahe che ane enuM mAtra vyAja ja vaparAya che. lavAjama pUruM thAya tyAre tarata sakalavA vinati. ma/1992 [1

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bApAvALo pALi (eka daTAyelo prasaMga) zrI vIrabhadrasiMha solaMkI saM. 1772 (I. sa. 1716)nI A vAta che. meDI kAMTaDI(tA. godharA, ji. paMcamahAla)nA rAvaLajI jerojanA ekanA eka dIkarA bhAIjInAM lagna levAyAM hatAM. AkhuM gAma, pitAnA panotA putra ke jene hajI mUchane dore hamaNAM ja phUTyo hato, tenA lagnamAM juvAnethI mAMDIne vRddho thanaganI rahyA hatA, kAraNa ke jAna bIje kyAMya nahi, DAkora pAsenA umareTha(tA. ANaMda, ji. kheDA)nA gohIla umecchanA ghera javAnI hatI. meTI kAMTaDIthI umeraThanuM aMtara 35 thI 40 ki. mI. hatuM. kAMTaDInA utsAhI navalahiyA juvAnee pitAnA baLadone AkhuM varSa ghI pivaDAvI AvA divasa mATe alamasta banAvI rAkhyA hatA. ane gADAMomAM nIkaLavAnI hatI. dareke pitapotAnAM gADAMnI khAmIo tapAsI samarAvI dIdhI hatI. gADAne zaNagArI dIdhAM hatAM. rastAmAM heDa bakAvAnI hatI, keNa paheluM umareTha pahoMce enI. tyAre keTazAke pitAnA pANIdAra ghoDA taiyAra karI dIdhA hatA. umereThamAM rAvaLajIonI AbarU koI paNa rIte na jAya e jovA sau potapotAnI rIte taiyAra thatA hatA. juvAno ane prauDha mUcha para hAtha detA kahetA ke ame te kesariyA rAvaLajI chIe. (A kesariyA-eTale evuM kahevAya che ke sabhAmAM rAvaLajI(savaMkIe)ne mAthe kesara caDAvavAmAM AvatuM. A kesara kharIdavAno kharca ane e vakhata thatA kasuMbApANIno kharca sasarA taraphathI ApavAmAM AvatA. A mATe rokaDA rUpiyAmAM cukavaNuM sabhAmAM thatI. kAlakrame lagna samaye je A rokaDa rakama cUkavavAmAM AvatI te kesara'nA nAmathI oLakhAvA lAgI. evuM jANavA maLe che ke rAjapUtamAM phakta rAvaLajI solaMkImAM ja A prathAnI zarUAta thaI. varSo bAda bIjA kuLanA rAjapUtAmAM "kesara' eTale ke lagna samaye rokaDa rakama levAne rivAja dAkhala thayo. divase divase je varapakSa vadhu rakama dIkarAnA pitA pAse vasUla karato te samAjamAM moTe dekhAvA lAgyo. Ama zarUAtamAM najIvI rakama ApavAnI zubha IrAdAvALI prathA AgaLa jatAM dIkarInA pitA mATe muzkelInA pahADarUpa banI gaI.) Ama gADAMo ane ghaDAo upara jAna mahI nadI oLaMgI umareTha pahoMcI, rastAmAM emanA ja bhAIo sejitrA gAdInA vArasadAro evA rAvaLajInAM gAmo AvyAM tyAM Thera Thera "jaya raghunAtha" karI kasuMbA pANIthI svAgata thayuM. umareThamAM jAnanuM svAgata eka moTA utsavanI jema thayuM. jAnevAonI sarabharAmAM koI khAmI rahI na jAya evI vyavasthA umedajI gohIla taraphathI thaI hatI. ceDA divasa pachI vararAjA bAjIne paraNAvI, navavadhU pratAbakhAne laI jana kAMTaDI pAchI AvI. strIo ane bALake "jAna AvI gaI', "jAna AvI gaI karI khuza thavA lAgyAM. bALake navavadhUne jovA mATe paDApaDI karavA lAgyAM. vaga varavahune pakhavAnI taiyArImAM paDayo tyAre jAnamAMthI AvelA puruSo thAka utAravA, nAhavA-dhovA mATe pitApitAnA ghara tarapha vaLyA. gAmanI e/1993 [pathika For Private and Personal Use Only

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bhAgoLe vaDa pAse varakanyAne utAre karAvyA. paMkhyA pachI ja gAmamAM dAkhala thavAya evo rivAja hate. A ja samaye bAlAsinora (ji. kheDA) taraphtA parabiyAna kukhyAta dhADapADu, gore (kho) bAreyo kAMTaDInA sImADe AvI caDyo. eNe tapAsa karatAM gAmanA ThAkora rAvaLajI-solaMkI hevAnuM mAlUma paDatAM dhADa pADavAnuM mAMDI vALyuM ane gAmamAM vinaMtI mokalAvI : "A gAme huM dhADa pADavA AvyuM hatuM, paraMtu gAmane rAvaLajIonuM rakhopuM che tethI dhADa pADatuM nathI, paraMtu zukanarUpe mAta rADAM zeraDInAM ane eka ghaDe zeraDIne rasa Ape te huM gAma bhAgyA vagara cAlyA jaIza." Ama te sAta rADAM zeraDInAM ane eka ghaDe zeraDIno rasa Apa e kAMTaDI mATe koI meTI vAta nahatI. phaLadrupa khetaramAM zeraDInA vADa lacI paDatA hatA. goLa pakavavAnA koluo dhamadhokAra cAlatA hatA. A ja zeraDIne rasa pIne alamasta banelA rAvaLajIone eka dhADapADunI AvI vAta svIkAravI e ja zaraNAgati-samAna hatuM. rAjapUto mata svIkAravAmAM pAchA paDatA, paNa zaraNAgati te apamAnajanaka jiMdagI hatI. e eo kadI svIkArI zake ema nahotuM. AthI ThAkorae kahevaDAvyuM: "jayAM rAvaLajInI ThakarAta hoya tyAMthI luTArAne eka taNakhaluM paNa apAya nahi. luTArAoe sIdhe sIdhA ahIMthI cAlyA javuM, emAM ja emanuM bhaluM che." javAba sAMbhaLI gore bAreyAne paNa apamAna lAgyuM. vAta taMte caDI-dhIMgANAnAM maMDANa thayAM. hamaNAM ja paraNIne AvelA bAjI pakhavAnI thoDI vAra levAthI vaDanA jhADa nIce jarA ArAma karavA ADA paDyA hatA, tyAM ja A vAta eo pAse AvI, koI paNa jAtane vicAra karyA vagara, kuLanI ane gAmanI AbarU sAcavavA, bhAgelethI ja ghoDe caDI dhADa pAchI vALavA doDyA. gAmamAMthI bIjI madada AvI pahoMce tyAM sudhImAM te dhADane ghaNA mANasane potAnI tejIlI talavAranA ghAthI rAmazaraNa karI dIdhA. dhADapADuo bhAgyA. dhAThamAM eka bhIla hatA teNe kapaTa karyuM. e beraDInA jhuMDamAM chupAI gayA. eNe bAijInI peThethI emanI upara ghA karyo. bAjI paDyA, tyAM te AvI pahoMcelA darabAroe bhIlane eka ja jhATake yamasadana pahoMcADI dIdhe. lagnanuM khuzInuM vAtAvaraNa bAijInA mRtyuthI zekamAM pheravAI gayuM. bAjI jayAM paDavA hatA tyAM gAmalokoe pALiye banAvyo. kaNa nadIthI dakSiNa dizAnAM khetarane "bApAvALAM kheta" nAma ApyuM. Aje paNa A khetare "kayAraDAM" A nAmathI ja oLakhAya che. keTalAya koDa laI paraNI AvelAM pratAtabA pitAnA gharane UMbare pahoMcavAne badale smathane citAe pahoMcyAM. e bAchaLa pAchaLa satI thayAM. noMdha:- 1. moTIkAMTaDI : gAma kuNa nadI uparanA dakSiNa kinAre pahelAM vaseluM mAluma paDe che, jayAM hAlamAM khaMDiyera mahAdeva che. jUnI vAva che, je hamaNAM purAI gaI che. khetaramAM makAnanI dIvAla vagerenA avazeSa jovA maLe che. najIkamAM ekAda be purANuM dhArmika sthAne che. bAjumAM haDamatiyA taLAva" nAmanuM eka nAnuM taLAva che. enA kinAre Avela maMdiranI mUrti purANI che. pazcika] me 1993 For Private and Personal Use Only

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t : koI kAraNasara, khAsa karIne dakSiNa kinAre nIce hovAthI, pUranA pANI gAmamAM vAre vAre AvI jatAM tethI thoDAM varSo pUrve gAmanuM sthaLAMtara uttara kinAre thayuM che. 2. selaMkIe : gAmamAM vANiyA brAhmaNa paTela tathA bIjI ghaNu kamanI vastImAM godharA zAkhAnA solaMkI rAvajIo(rAulajIo)nI vastInuM pramANa vadhAre che. rAvajIe ahIM saM. 1685 (I. sa. 169)mAM vasthA hatA. ahIM AvanAra mULa puruSa rAmasaMgajI mahelola(tA. godharA, ji gaMcamahAla)nA ThAkora vAghajInA pAMca dIkarAomAMnA sauthI nAnA dIkarA hatA. emanA sAta dIkarAomAMthI eka dIkarAnuM nAma haThIsaMgajI hatuM. haThIsaMgajInA be dIkarAomAMthI eka dIkarAnuM nAma hAthIjI hatuM. hAthIjIne pAMca dIkarA teomAM ekanuM nAma kesarajI (karArasaMga0). kesarajIne traNa dIkarA teomAM nAnA dIkarAnuM nAma rojI hatuM. jerejInAM lagna ITavADa (tA. sAvalI, ji. vaDodarA)nA rAThoDa lakhAjInAM dIkarI amRtabA sAthe thayAM hatAM. emanAthI eka putra thayA temanuM nAma bAjIru hatuM, jeonuM lagna umareThanA gohIla umedajInAM dIkarI pratApabA sAthe thayuM hatuM. . 3. bApAvALo pALiyo : A pALiye cokkasa kaI jagyAe AvyuM che e zodhavuM Aje muzkela thaI gayuM che. jyAM bApAvALAM khetare che tyAM AjubAju tapAsa karatAM eka pALiyo maLI AvyuM che temaja eka moTo kudaratI paththara che tene leke bApAvALo patharo' nAmathI oLakhe che. pALi A patharAthI dura ane jUnA gAmanA avazeSothI pazcimamAM, hAlamAM gAmamAM javAne pAke rahe che tenA pachI eka khetaramAM che. A pALiyAthI purANuM mahAdevanA avazeSo uttara tarapha kuNa nadInA dakSiNa kinAre thoDe dUra che. - A jagyA uparathI jotAM bAlAsinora uttara pazcima dizAe AveluM che tethI kadAca dhADa e dizAmAM eTale ke gAmanI pazcima dizAmAM AvI hovI joIe temaja A khetaramAM bIje kaI paNa jagAe pALiyo maLI AvyA nathI tethI A pALiye ja, saMbhava che ke, bApAvALo pALiyo? haze. Ama te kAMTaDInI sImamAM bIje be traNa pALiyA AvelA che teomAMthI ekAdanuM lAMtara thayeluM hoya ema lAge che. ema chatAM dareka pALiyo pitAne ItihAsa bAvIne mauna Ubho che enAthI vizeSa jANakArI maLatI nathI, che. 17, dayAla bAga, mAMjhalapura, vaDodarA 390001 saMdarbha lai rAjagA bAroTa sva. zrI caMdrasiMha pratApasiMhane paDe, C/o. zrI. ramezabhAI kheDasiMha bAreTa, vADI, bhATavADA vaDedarA-17 (2) zrI. amarasiMha rAulajI (mULavatana moTI kAMTaDI) mu. ratanapura, tA. godharA ji. paMcamahAla) (3) zrI. gaNapatasiMhajI rAulajI, moTI kAMTaDI (4) zrI. gajAnanabhAI upAdhyAya (bhUtapUrva zikSaka, moTI kAMTaDI) (5) zrI, vijayasiMhajI devIsiMhajI rAulajI, moTI kAMTaDI (6) zrI. naTavarasiMDhajI kALusiMhajI rAulajI, moTI kAMTaDI (7) kAMTaDInA aneka vaDIle ane mitro, moTI kAMTaDI e/1993 pathika] For Private and Personal Use Only

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gujarAtanA ItihAsanA muslima lekhako (saltanata samayanA) De, IzvaralAla ojhA I. sa. 1400 thI zarU karIne mughala samrATa akabare I. sa. 1573 mAM gujarAta para AkharI paNe sattA jamAvI tyAM sudhI gujarAtamAM pitAnA svataMtra muslima zAsakonuM zAsana rahyuM hatuM. gujarAtamAM dilhInA nAjhimonA zAsana daramyAna svataMtra rIte itihAsalekhana jevI koI pravRttine uttejana maLyuM nahi, paraMtu svataMtra gujarAtI saltanatamAM AvI pravRttione vega maLe. pariNAme gujarAtamAM gujarAtanA itihAsa para keTalIka kRttio racAI. keTalIka AvI racanAo gujarAta bahAra paNa thaI. AmAMnI keTalIka mahattvanI vRttionA lekhake A pramANe che : hAphIjha a: hAphIjha ane ruddIna bina lundullAha tarIke paNa oLakhavAmAM Ave che ene janma hitamAM thayo hato ane hamadanamAM eNe zikSaNa meLavyuM hatuM. e prAraMbhe taimUrano darabArI hatuM, paraMtu pAchaLathI zAharUkhanA darabAramAM rahyo hato. enuM maraNa I. sa. 1430 mAM jhajAnamAM thayuM hatuM. - enA pustakanuM nAma "jhututavArIkha mainadharI hatuM, paraMtu sAmAnya rIte e "tArIkhaI-hAphIjha abU tarIke oLakhAya che. A graMthamAM lekhake potAnA samayano ItihAsa temaja bhUgoLa Alekhela che. joke gujarAta vize ene ullekha atyaMta sAmAnya ane ajJAna-bharyo che. dA. ta. e noMdhe che ke bIyAha nAmanI kAzmIra ane uMcamAMthI pasAra thatI nadI gujarAtanA samudrane maLe che. evuM ja yamunA vizenuM enuM vidhAna che. enA mata mujaba yamunA nadI paNa zivAlika girimALAmAMthI nIkaLI dilhI thaIne gujarAtamAM hindI mahAsAgarane maLe che. A uparAMta eNe taimUralaMge gaMgApAranA pradezamAM agnipUjake arthAta pArasIo sAthe eka yuddha karyAne ullekha karyo che. banavA joga che ke gujarAtanA pArasIoe kane ja AsapAsanA vistAramAM koI vasAhata sthApI hAya !! halavI zIrAjhIH halavI zIrAjhI ahamadazAha prathamanAM kAryone ahevAla lakhanAra darabArI Alekhaka hatA. e Ama to kuzaLa zAyara hatA tethI eNe ahamadazAhane ItihAsa batArIkhe ahamadazAhI'nA nAme evI prakAranA kAvyamAM lakhyo che. A graMthamAM eNe sulatAna mujhapharazAha vize paNa vigate ApI che. A pustaka hAlamAM maLatuM nathI, paraMtu "mirAte ahamadI'mAM enAM ghaNAM avataraNa Ave che. amadAvAda vize zIrAjhI noMdhe che ke "AbAda thayeluM e navuM zahera dharatInA mukha paranA suMdara zyAma tala jevuM zobhI UThayuM. navuM zahera evuM thayuM ke enI joDI e jamAnAmAM AsamAne paNa joI nahatI. A zahera taiyAra thayuM tyAre pRthvI saptakhaMDI hatI te aSTamaMDI thaI." yAhyA sarahindI : enuM pUruM nAma yAhyA bina ahamada bIna abdullAha sarahindI hatuM. eNe gherI vaMzanA sthApaka sulatAna mahamadazAhathI dilhInA sulatAna mubArakazAha sudhIne ItihAsa pitAnA graMthamAM lakhe, tethI eNe graMthanuM nAma "tArIkha-I-mubArakazAhI" rAkhyuM che. sulatAna pathika] e/1993 For Private and Personal Use Only

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phrIrAjhazAha sudhInI vigato eNe pAtAnA kharanI ane aphrIqa jevA purAgAmIne AdhAre noMdhI che. e pachInA ahevAla eNe vizvAsapAtra mAhitI tathA jAtanirIkSaNanA AdhAre lakhyA che. A bAbata eNe graMthanI prastAvanAmAM spaSTa karI che. A graMthamAM phirAjhazAha tudhalukanA samayamAM jhapharakhAna jyAre gujarAtanA sUkSmA hatA tyAranA gujarAtanI mAhitI che. e samaye gujarAtanI samRddhine kAraNe gujarAtanI bAgIrI meLavanAre dilhI darabArane dhaNI UMcI ki`mata cUkavavI paDatI hatI. I. sa. 1376-chacha mAM zamsa dAmadhAnIe gujarAtanI bAgIrInA badalAmAM dara varSe 40 lAkha TaTakA, 100 hAthI, 200 arabI gheADA ane 400 hindu temaja ebisiniyAI gulAmA ApavAnu vacana ApeluM. eNe upayukta kiMmata karatAM vadhAre ki Mmate gujarAtanI sukhAgIrI malika jhiyA-lamulka malika zammuddIna abU jAne vecI dIdhI. A parathI e samaye muslima sabhAo dvArA gujarAtanI prajAne verAnI vasUlAta vakhate kevI lUMTavAmAM AvatI haze enA khyAla Ave che. sarahindIe gujarAtanA amIrAnA baLavAnI vigatA ApI che. zAhajAdA mahamadakhAna paNa gujarAtanA amIrAnA pakSe bhaDhyA hatA. azvadaLanA senApati malika yAkUbane 'siMkadarakhAna'tA IlkAba ApIne gujarAta mAkalavAmAM AvyA. ane khaMbhAtanA amIra malika murIhe katala karyAM hatA. A uparAMta gujarAtanA prathama svataMtra sulatAna tAtArakhAne potAnI yuvarAjAvasthAmAM dilhInA rAjakAraNamAM sulatAna muhammadazAha tughalukanA samayamAM kevAM parAkramA karelAM enI mAhitI A graMthamAM che. emAM evI paNa teAMdha che ke taimUranI caDAI vakhate gujarAte sulatAnane AvakArIne Azraya ApyA hatA. abdulahusena tunI : tunInI racanA 'sire mahamUdazAhI'nA nAme oLakhAya che. eNe e gujarAtanA vikhyAta sulatAna mahamUda begaDAnA samayamAM lakhelI. A graMthamAM gujarAtanA sUbAonA itihAsa vigatapUrNa rIte ApelA che. ema kahevAya che ke eNe A itihAsagraMtha mahamUda begaDAnI IcchAthI lakhyA hatA tethI emAM krUrakhAna gujarAtanA e nimAyA tyArathI I. sa. 1486 itihAsa che. tunIne sauthI tradhAre anukULatA sarakArI patravyavahAra jovAnI hatI, pariNAme ene A itihAsagraMtha vadhAre AdhArabhUta banyo che, joke eNe dhaNI jagyAe atyukti karI che, zammuddIna muhammada jhIraka abdulahusena tunInI mAphaka jhIrake paNa potAnA graMthanuM nAma 'maAsire mahamUdazAha' rAkhyu` hatu`. eNe potAnI A racanAmAM sulatAna mahamUda egaDAnA zAsananA chellA be dAyakAne itihAsa Alekhyo che. lekhaka pote egaDAne Azrita hatA. tunInA itihAsagraMthanA anusa MdhAne sulemAna nAmanA egaDAnA atyaMta vizvAsu saradAre jhIrakane AgaLa vRttAMta lakhavAnI AjJA karI hatI, pariNAme jhIrakanI A racanA taiyAra thaI. abdulakarIma nIhindI: enu Akhu nAma abdulakarIma bina atAullA nImahindI hatuM, eNe 'tabakAte mahamUdazAhI' nAmanA graMtha lakhyo hato. A graMthane 'tAkAte abdulakarIma' tarIke paNa oLakhavAmAM Ave che. lekhaka pote gujarAtamAM bahamanIsaltanatanA rAjadUta hatA. A graMthamAM IslAmaneA vAstavika itihAsa che. Ama chatAM enAM chellAM prakaraNeAmAM gujarAta vize upayegI mAhitI ApavAmAM AvI che. gujarAtI saltanatanA samakAlIna itihAsagraMtha tarIke enu mUlya vizeSa che. phaijhullAha khimmAnI : bimbAnInA graMthane 'tArIkha sadejahAna' taroke oLakhavAmAM Ave che, kAraNa ke lekhaka pote 'sadejahAna gujarAtI' tarIke oLakhAtA hatA. prastuta racanAmAM samagra bhAratane $ ] me/1993 [pazcika For Private and Personal Use Only

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TUMkamAM vRttAMta AvarI levAya che, Ama chatAM emAM I. sa. 1501 sudhIne mahamUda begaDAne paNa ItihAsa ApavAmAM Avyo che. eka dhaTanAsabhara graMtha tarIke enuM vizeSa mahatva che. phudIna muhammada bukhArI: saraphudIna bukhArIne graMtha "tArIkhe salAtIne gujarAtanA nAme oLakhAya che. eNe gujarAtanA sulatAna mujhapharazAha bIjAnA samayamAM gujarAtamAM nekarI karelI, pariNAme ene gujarAtane vRttAMta vizeSa AdhArabhUta che. bukhArIne A graMtha ghaNe ja viratRta che ane e traNa bhAgamAM vaheMcAyelo che. eNe pitAnI A racanAmAM I. sa. 1342 thI 1511 sudhI gujarAtane itihAsa gujarAtI sulatAnone kendramAM rAkhIne Alekhyo che. atyAre A graMtha saLaMga svarUpe maLatuM nathI, pariNAme gujarAtanI prajA svataMtra gujarAtI salatanatanA samayanI aneka agatyanI ghaTanAothI ajANa banI rahI. karImuddIna habIbulAha khAmIra: karImuddIna abIlane vatanI hato. enA graMthane halIbusiyara' tarIke oLakhavAmAM Ave che. A graMtha lakhavAmAM zaijhatusaphA' nAmanA graMthane AdhAra levAmAM Avyo che. lekhaka pote pravAsane zokhIna hatA tethI emAMnI aneka ghaTanAo jAtanirIkSaNane AdhAre AlekhAI che. A pustaka meDamI 48 varSanI uMmare lakhavAnuM zarU karyuM ane ATha varSanI mahenatane aMte e pUruM karavAmAM AvyuM. A vistRta graMtha traNa prasaMgomAM vaheMcAyeluM che, jemAM chelle samIkSA vibhAga ghaNuM ja mahatva che, karImuddIne enA ItihAsamAM muhamada gajhanavInI somanAtha paranI gaDAI vize ghaNI vigate lakhyuM che. enA jaNAvyA pramANe mahamade gujarAta AvavA pANInAM 20,000 mATalAMthI ladAyelA To sAthe jesalameranA raNane bhAga lIdho hato. e pATaNa thaIne somanAtha Avela. "manAthanA maMdiramAM eTaluM badhuM dhana hatuM ke ene dasame bhAga paNa koI rAjAnA khajAnAmAM nahi hoya evI enI dha gujarAta e samaye Arthika rIte keTaluM samRddha haze eno khyAla Ape che. - seminAthanA vijaya pachIne karImuddInane ahevAla ghaNe ja rocaka che. e jaNAve che tema muhamade gujarAta jItyA pachI tyAM potAnA subA tarIke dAmbIlIma murtAjha nAmanI vyaktinI nimaNUka karI hatI. A vyakti keNa hatI e gujarAtanA itihAsanI rahasyamaya bAbata che. 'dAlsIlImane zabdArtha sara iliyaTanA mate "sAdhune kasaratabAja ziSya" e thAya che. barDa dAssalImane "devazIlanuM apabhraMza rU5 mAne che, jyAre elphinsTana ema mAne che ke A vyakti jUnA cAvaDA vaMzanI haro ane gujarAtanA mULa zAsaka tarIke muhamade ene gujarAta pAchuM sepyuM haze. karImuddIna pite nedhe che tema manAthanA lekee ja muhamada gajhanavIne dAnsIlIma patinA brahmana nAmanA juvAnane gujarAtanI gAdI soMpavA vinaMtI karI hatI, jyAre lokonA bIjA jUthe A ja jAtinI anya vyaktine rAjagAdI soMpavA jaNAveluM. chevaTe dAnsIlIma murtAjhane niyamita khaMDaNI mekalavAnI zarate gujarAta ropavAmAM AvyuM. habImussiyara' nAmanA eka anya graMthanuM gahana adhyayana karatAM ema lAge che ke A dAnsIlIma mujha hindu hatA, kAraNa ke karImuddIne enA memAM "amArA dharmamAM Ama che" evuM kahetA zabdo mUkyA che ke muhamadanI pUTha pharI ke tarata ja caulukya zAsaka bhImadeva prathame A "muhamadanA mANasane uthalAvIne gujarAtane gajhanAthI saMpUrNa svataMtra karyuM. mIra zaivada alI kAzAnI : kAzAnIe pitAnA pustaka "tArIkhe mujhapharazAhI'mAM gujarAtanA sulatAna mujhapharazAha bIjAnA samaya I. sa. 1511 thI 15raka sudhIno itihAsa A pathika] e/1993 For Private and Personal Use Only

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che. e kavi ane vRttAMtaniveka hatuM tethI A pustakane ardho bhAga padyamAM lakhAyo che. emane gujarAtane mALavA vijayane ahevAla noMdhapAtra che, kAraNa ke A abhiyAna vakhate lekhaka hAjara hatA. sulatAna taraphane anugraha enA pustakamAM spaSTa dekhAya che. | mughala samrATa bAbara : bAbare enI AtmakathA "tujhaka-I-bAbarI" tukI bhASAmAM lakhI hatI. akabaranA rAjaya-amala daramyAna enuM phArasImAM bhASAMtara abdurrahImakhAnakhAnAe karyuM hatuM, bAbare potAnA samayanI hiMdanI sthitinuM varNana karatAM je pAMca mahattvanA muslima zAsako gaNuvyA che temAM gujarAtane bIjA krame mUkayuM che. eNe sulatAna muhammada mujhaphara vize paNa lakhyuM che. enI dhArmikatAnAM A prathama mughala samrATe puSkaLa vakhANa karyA che. gujarAtanA sulatAnanA pUrva vize paNa e mAhitI Ape che. sulatAna bahAdurazAha vizenAM enAM vidhAne muslima tavArIkha-sAhityamAM pracalita banyAM che. ibrAhima bina harIrIH harIrInA graMthanuM nAma "tArIkha-I-IbrAhIma" che. emAM eka prAcIna samayathI bAbare hiMdamAM pitAnuM rAjya sthira karyuM tyAMsudhIne ItihAsa che. hiMdanA ItihAsanI zarUAta eNe dilhInA gulAma vaMzanA zAsakothI nakarI che. emAM gujarAta para humAyue AkramaNa karyuM ene ahevAla ApavAmAM Avyo che. A pustaka lekhake humAyunA rAjayakALa daramyAna lakhyuM hatuM tethI ene "tArIkha-i-humAyunI" paNa kahevAmAM Ave che, husAmuddInakhAna : husAmuddInakhAna amadAvAdane vatanI hato. enA dAdA jalAluddIna muhammada muhAphIjhakhAne mahamUda begaDAnA samayamAM amadAvAdanI hAkemI karelI ane chevaTe begaDAno vajIra bane. enA graMthane tArIkhe bahAdurazAhI' tarIke oLakhavAmAM Ave che. emAM dilhI salatanatathI zarU karI sulatAna bahAdurazAhanA zAsanane aMta sudhInA samayane, arthAta I. sa. 1parathI 1537 sudhIne itihAsa AlekhAya che. enA pustakane lekhakanA nAma parathI "tabakate husAmakhAnI' ke "tArIkhe husAmakhAne" tarIke enA anugAmIoe ullekha karyo che. zarUAtamAM "tArIkhe bahAdurazAhI'nA lekhakane vivAda Ubhe thayele, kAraNa ke mirAte siMkadarI' ane hAchabIranA gujarAtanA arabI itihAsamAM enAM utArA ane nedhe puSkaLa pramANamAM maLI Ave che, paraMtu kyAMya ItihAsalekhakanuM nAma maLatuM nathI. hAidabIranA itihAsanA vidvAna saMpAdaka sara Denisana rose "tArIkhe bahAdurazAhIne lekhaka harAmakhAna hota ema sarvaprathama darzAvyuM ane emanA saMpAdananI arabI AvRttinI aMgrejI prastAvanAmAM sabaLa kAraNo-pramANe ApIne A bAbate siddha karI. I. sa. 1761 mAM amadAvAdanA alImuhammadakhAne "mirAte ahamadI'mAM A puratakane ullekha karyo che, paraMtu haju sudhI enI mULa prata maLI zakI nathI, lekhaka samakAlInanI sAthe e samayanA ghaNuM banAvone sAkSI hatA. rANA saMgrAmasiMhe gujarAta para AkramaNa karyuM tathA malika AyAjhe pratiAkramaNa karyuM tyAre muslima lazkaramAM lekhaka pote sAmela hatA. A yuddhanuM varNana husAma-uddInakhAnanA anugAmIoe tArIkhe bahAdurazAhImAMthI levAnuM yogya mAnyuM che. taduparAMta sulatAna mujhapharazAha bIjAne rAja-amala daramyAna thayelAM aneka yuddhomAM lekhaka hAjara hate. eka vRttAMta pramANe gujarAtanA mALavA paranAM AkramaNa tathA yuddhamAM lekhake jAte bhAga lIdhelo tethI gujarAtanA lazkaranI AvI ghaTanAnA enA vRttAMte muslima tavArIkhakAranI svabhAvagata dhamadhatAnA atyuktinA aMzone bAda karatAM thoDA AdhArabhUta che. husAmuddInakhAna sulatAna bahAdurazAhane mahattvane amIra temaja aMgata mitra hatA. humAyunA gujarAta-AkramaNa vakhate mughala sAmenA prati AkramaNanI yojanA ghaDavA mATe e pitAnA sAthIdAre me 1993 [pazcika For Private and Personal Use Only

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sAthe pATaNamAM AvyuM hatuM. bahAdurazAhanA eka dile jAna dosta tarIke e aharniza ciMtA karate hate. ene khyAla bahAdurazAhanI gAdI siMkadarakhAna paDAvaze evA eka svapnanI noMdha parathI Ave che. A svapnane vAstavika AdhAra maLyo hato, jenI noMdha eNe karI che. eNe bahAdurazAhanA rAjyAbhiSekathI mAMDIne enA aMtakAla sudhI mahattvanI kAmagIrI bajAvI hatI. vacce eNe khaMbhAtanA darogA tarIke paNa kAmagIrI bajAvI hatI. sulatAne lekhakane potAnA dakSiNanA abhiyAnamAM paNa sAmela karyo hato. eNe I.sa. 1521 mAM malika sAraMganA hAtha nIce kAma karyuM hatuM ane IDara tathA DuMgarapuranI laDAIomAM noMdhapAtra bhUmikA adA karI hatI. lagabhaga tamAma yuddhomAM bahAdUrazAha sAthe pote hatA ema husAmuddIna jaNAve che. bahAdUrazAhe mAMDu ane cittoDa para AkramaNa karyuM tyAre humAyunA vaLatA humalAmAM lekhakanI sthiti ghaNI ja kaphoDI thaI gaI. "mirAte siMkadarI'nA lekhakanA pitA maMgU akabare ene pitAnA taMbumAM saMtADIne bacApI lIdho hato. tyAra bAda hiMsAmuddInakhAnanuM zuM thayuM enI mAhitI maLatI nathI ane I. sa. 1533 pachI enA hAthanI lakhelI koI ne paNa prApta thatI nathI. gujarAtanA itihAsa mATe e samayanI keTalIka sAMskRtika hakIkata tathA sthaLonAM nAmo mATe ene ItihAsagraMtha amUlya che, joke enI zailI keTalIka vAra gUMcavaNabharI banI jAya che chatAM recaka ane mAhitIprada che. husAmuddInakhAnanA A kAryane biradAvatAM zrI ratnamaNirAva jere che che ke gujarAtanA musalamAna-samayanA ItihAse bIjA prAMta karatAM vadhAre samRddha che ane emAM taLa-gujarAtIone hAthe je graMtho lakhAyA che tevA anya prAMtavAsIoe pitAnA mATe lakhelA maLatA nathI. A badhAmAM "tArIkhe bahAdurazAhI'nuM sthAna paNuM UMcuM che." zAyara mutAI mutAI musAphara hatuM ane I. sa. 1531 mAM makkAthI dIva Avyo hato. gujarAtamAM e ghaNI jagyAe phale. eNe sulatAna bahAdurazAha sAthe sArA saMbaMdhe keLavyA hatA. eNe kaI ItihAsagraMtha lakhyo nathI, paraMtu gaMja maAnI' nAmanuM eka mastI-kAvya lakheluM che. A kAvyamAM gujarAtanA ItihAsanA be mahattvanA prasaMge AlekhAyA che. eka prasaMga che sulatAna bahAdurazAhe maLavA jItI laIne gujarAtamAM meLavyuM che ane bIjo prasaMga eNe pocugIjha para meLavelA vijayane lagata che. sIdI alI reIsa: sIdI alI reIsa tukanA eka kAphalAnA senApati tarIke IrAnI akhAtamAM Avela. ene maskata AgaLa picugIjhanA kAphalAne bheTo thatAM sakhata laDAI thaI, jemAM e hAryo ane gujarAtanA kinArA tarapha nAsavA prayatna karyo. makarANanA dariyAkinAre thaIne gujarAta AvatAM ene arabI samudramAM viTALiyAnuM tephAna naDayuM tethI e kacchanA akhAta tarapha ghasaDAI AvyA. tyAMthI A kArlo bilakula astavyasta hAlatamAM saurASTranA dariyAkinAre puramiyANI verAvaLa mAMgaroLa vagere baMdaroe thaIne dIva najIka AvyA, paraMtu picugIthI alI reIsa eTale badhe DarI gayele ke e dIva Utaryo nahi, tethI dakSiNa gujarAtanA damaNa baMdare eNe pitAnA kAphalAne utAryo. damaNamAM e vakhate malika IjhIda nAmane gujarAtanA sulatAnane vahIvaTadAra hatA. teNe sIdI raIsane AvakAryo. damaNamAM paNa ene salAmatI na lAgatAM e surata AvyA. alI reIsa tathA enA mANasone picugIne Dara eTale badho hato ke eo surata dariyAI mAgane badale jamIna-mAge gayA. lagabhaga enA tamAma mANasee gujarAtamAM nekarI svIkArI lIdhI. A sIdI alI raIsa naukAsenApatinI sAthe sAthe kavi lekha gaNitazAstrI bhUgoLazAstrI khagoLazAstrI ane emanoleja(samudrane lagatA zAstra)ne khAsa jANakAra hato. eNe "alagrahita (mahAsAgara) nAmanuM eka pustaka I. sa. 1554 mAM amadAvAdamAM rahIne lakhyuM tathA pUruM karyuM hatuM. pathika] me 1993 For Private and Personal Use Only

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A uparAMta eNe "mirAta ala mamAlika (dazAnuM darpaNa) nAmano eka pravAsagraMtha lakhe. che. emAM eNe pitAnI naukA senApati tarIkenI kAmagIrI te varNavI che, sAthe sAthe gujarAtanA ItihAsane lagatI ghaNI bAbate darzAvI che. gujarAtanA itihAsanI lekhana-pravRttimAM enuM sthAna advitIya che. che. kemiseriyaTe emanA gujarAtanA itihAsamAM A sIdI alI reIsa mATe eka Akhu prakaraNa lakheluM che. AmAM enuM caritra tathA gujarAta sAthe saMbaMdha dharAvatI na hoya evI ghaTanAo paNuM AlekhI che. sIdI reIsanI musApharInA ahevAlano gujarAtane lagate bhAga aMgrejImAM bhASAMtara karI hemare muMbaInI sAhitya sabhAnA upakrame prasiddha karela che. mirAta ala mamAlikImAM gujarAtanA e samayanA rAjakIya vAtAvaraNanuM paNa varNana che. eNe noMdhyuM che ke sulatAna ahamadazAha trIjAe nAsIraummulaka nAmanA vidrohIne vidroha kacaDI nAkhavA mATe lekhakanA 200 tuka sainikonI madada lIdhelI. suratathI amadAvAdanI enI musApharI ghaNI ja rasika che. amadAvAdathI e pATaNa pahoMcelA tyAM e vakhate zerakhAna phelAdItrA aphaghAne ane samIne phatehakhAna balUcanA makarANIo vacce saMdharSa cAlatuM hatuM, jene eNe uparyukta graMthamAM tAdaza citAra Apyo che. e vakhate samagra gujarAtamAM kevI azAMti ane arAjakatA bharI sthiti hatI ene khyAla Ave che. eNe gujarAtane vANiyAone deza kahyo che e sUcaka gaNAya. ahamada yAdagAra: ahamada yAdagAra sUra vaMzanA sulatAnanI sevAmAM hatuM. sulatAna dAudazAhe ene aphaghAna sulatAneno ItihAsa lakhavAnuM kAma soMpyuM hatuM tethI eNe "tArIkha-IsalAtIna-aphaghAna" nAmanA itihAsagraMthanI racanA karI eNe pitAnA ItihAsanI zarUAta bahalola ledInA zAsanakAlathI karI che ane enuM chelluM prakaraNa vikramAditya hemune mughalo dvArA pakaDavAmAM Avyo tyAM pUruM thAya che. lekhakanA pitAe humAyunA gujarAta paranA AkramaNamAM bhAga lIdho hato. e nedhe che ke IbrAhIma ledInA kAkA AlamakhAne niSphaLa baLavo karyA pachI badaSNA thaIne gujarAtamAM Azraya lIdho hate. uparAMta sulatAna AdilazAha sUra ane eka bhaviSyavettA vaccenI vAtacItamAM eka bhaviSyakathanamAM atyaMta rasaprada rIte khaMbhAtane ulekha Ave che. keTalAka ajJAta lekhake: upayukta lekhake uparAMta keTalAka anAmI-ajJAta lekhakonI gujarAtanA itihAsaviSayaka racanAo prApta thAya che. AmAM kyAMya lekhakanuM nAma jovA maLatuM nathI. AvI kRtiomAM "mujhapharazAhI' nAmane graMtha agatyanuM che. emAM sulatAna jhapharakhAna urphe mujhaphpharazAhanA zAsanane ahevAla che. prastuta racanAmAM I. sa. 1341 thI I. sa. 1411 sudhIne kAlakhaMDa AvarI levAyA che. enI kaI prata atyAre maLatI nathI, paraMtu enI pachIthI lakhAyela tavArIkhemAM A graMthane ullekha tema saMdarbhe maLe che. bIjI kRti che 'tArIkhe IbrAhImI," jene "tavArIkhehumAyu tarIke paNa oLakhavAmAM Ave che. A graMthamAM jhapharakhAnanI I. sa. 1391mAM gujarAtanA sUbA tarIke nimaNuMka thaI tyArathI mAMDIne sulatAna mahamUdazAha bIjAnA samaya eTale ke I. sa. 1537 sudhIne TUMkamAM ItihAsa ApavAmAM Avyo che. trIjI agatyanI kRti che "tArIkhe mujhapharazAhI'. emAM gujarAtane I. sa. 156 thI 1573 sudhIne IttihAsa atyaMta vigatapUrNa rIte AvarI levAya che. A uparAMta AvI ja eka anya kRti "tArIkha-I-muhamudazAhI' nAmanI maLe che, jene lekhaka paNa ajJAta che. che. ugamaNe bhATavADe, visanagara-382315 10 ] ma/1993 [ pathika For Private and Personal Use Only

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kacchane prathama mAnavI zrI rAjarAna gosvAmI durbhAgye Aje haDappIya saMskRtinA bhAratamAM ane khAsa te gujarAtamAM avazeSanA saMzodhanamAM ApaNe eTalA te gulatAna thaI gayA chIe ke purAtAtvika saMzodhanamAM pASANayugIna mAnavasabhyatAnA avazeSe zodhavAmAM jarAya rasa letA nathI. Ane sauthI kharAba prabhAva evo paDyo che ke Aje gujarAtamAM ekeya sthaLe pASANayugIna sabhyatAnI beja mATe vidhivat ukhanana-kArya vIsa varasothI hAtha ja dharavAmAM AvyuM nathI. eka te pASANakAlIna zodho purAtattvavidomAM romAMca pedA karI zake tevI bhavyatAo-vihIna hoya che, te bIjI bAju enI zodhakhoLamAM bhaTakavAnuM vadhAre hoya che, tethI purAtatvavido kadAca niSkriya thaI jatA hoya. AvI upekSAne sauthI kharAba zikAra rahyo che ka7. kaccha ke jeNe Aja lagI vizvanI vividha jAtio ane emanI sabhyatAone na kevaLa Azraya Apyo che, apitu emane surakSita paNa rAkhI che ke Aje paNa eka athavA bIjA svarUpe e saMskRtio ane jAtio ahIM yatra-tatra daSTigocara thAya che. ene ja prAcInatama mAnavI viSaye nahi jeTalI mAhitI ApaNI pAse upalabdha che ane je paNa che. te kSetranI vizALatAnA pramANamAM khUba ja alpa che, apUratI che, chatAM, je kAMI che tene ja AdhAra mAnI, anya sthaLenA tulanAtmaka abhyAsanA AdhAre Aje ApaNe joIe ke "kacchane prathama mAnavI koNa hate." karachamAM purAtAtvika saMzodhanamAM prAcIna mAnavI vize joDAyela saMzodhananA vyavasthita prayAsa Dekakana keleja-pUnA dvArA 1967 daramyAna thayA. tyAra bAda rAjayanA purAtattva khAtAnI "nadI-sarvekSaNa ane gAme-gAma sarvekSaNa" jevI yojanAo heThaLa 1977 thI 1984 sudhI keTalAMka sthaLonAM abhyAsa ane upari-sarvekSaNa (saphesa-sarve hAtha dharavAmAM AvyAM. A sarvekSaNanA phalasvarUpe bhUja aMjAra nakhatrANA bhacAu lakhapata ane rApara tAlukAomAMthI azmIbhUta avazeSo ane pASANayuganAM vividha kAlanAM hathiyAra prApta thayAM.' (A hathiyAro paikInA ghaNA namUnA kaccha saMgrahAlayamAM pradarzita karavAmAM AvyA che temaja thoDAka purAtattva adhIkSakazrI kaccha vartuLa, bhUjanI kacerI khAte sacavAyA che.) chellA be dAyakAthI prAgaitihAsika adhyayananA kSetramAM eka navuM pariNAma umerAyuM che. pahelAM adhikAMza purAtatvavida kRtyAvazeSo'(artifacts)nA prakAra, takanIka, kAlakramAnusAra vikAsa ane pASANa tathA vAsaNa-kRtyAvazeSanA samUhonA kramabaddhatA ane kSetrIya saMbaMdha sthApita karyA karatAM paraMtu have thoDAka samayathI vidvAne kRtyAvazeSonAM upayukta pRthakkaraNanI sAthe-khAsa te bhUsaMracanA. AghajIvavijJAna (vanaspati ane prANuo) ane Adya havAmAna ItyAdinA vizada abhyAsa upara bhAra mUkI. prAgaitihAsika sabhyatAne eka pUrNa nivasanataMtra rUpe mAnavI ane kudaratanA saMsargamAM thayelA enA vikAsanA abhyAsane vadhu bhAra mUkavAnI navI vicArapraNAlI apanAvavA lAgyA che, eTale ke bane teTaluM je te samayanA mAnavI ane enA paryAvaraNanA saMdarbhamAM enA Ilejikala saMbaMdhe viSaya jANavuM ane tethI kRtyAvazeSone( artifacts)ne keI paNa saMskRtinuM eka pAsuM mAtra-che ke khuba ja agatyanuM samajavAmAM Ave che. AvA abhyAsane ghaNA anyAnya purAvAonI AvazyakatA rahe che, jemAM prANIo vanaspatio ane anya kArbodita avazeSanI sAMskRtika ane bhUstarIya racanApathika] e/1993 For Private and Personal Use Only

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enA saMsaCmAM abhyAsa karI mAnava-utkrAMtine je te vakhatanA paryAvaraNIya bhaugAlika havAmAna prati enA pratyuttarane jANavAnu rahe che, kemake kharekhara tA mAnava-utkrAMti paryAvaraNanI ja eka dena che. gujarAtanI bhUbhautikatAnA abhyAsa AvI rIte 1898 mAM AI. bI.phUTee karyAM. tyAra pachI eka. 4. jhUnara (1950)3, ke. Ara. yu. ToDa (1939)4, DI. pI. agravAla, Ara. ke. avAsiyA, sTATIrA gujhera (1973)pa, esa. ke. guptA (1972)6 esa. ena. rAjaguru (1976)o ane hAlamAM ja mahArAjA sayAjIrAva vizvavidyAlayanA purAtattva vibhAganA vaDA ke, TI. ema. hegaDee A dizAmAM kArya karyu che. kacchanA bhUstarIya itihAsa vize ke je Adi mAnavanI vasAhatA sAthe saMbaMdha dharAve che tenI ApaNane khUba ja ochI jANakArI maLe che. vidvAnA sAmAnya rIte kacchanA bhUstarane uttara bAjunA siMdha ane dakSiNamAM saurASTra tathA pUrvamAM rAjasthAna ane gujarAtanAM pADozI kSetrAnI jema zuSka pradezanA eka vistAra mAne che. saurASTranI jema kacchane paNa lAMkhA samudrakAMThA che. kaccha zuSka (eriDa) kSetra hAvA chatAM cAre bAju samudra hAI havAmAM bhejanu pramANa ghaNu' hoya che. cheka bhUja jevA kSetranA najIkanAM (lerI ratanAla vagere) gAmAthI azmIbhUta jaLacaro maLatAM hAI kacchanA mATe bhAga dariyA heThaLa haze evuM jaNAya che. kacchamAM rAjasthAnanA tharanA mattu pradezamAM maLatA mATInA TIMbA nathI. madhya kacchanA UMcA pradezanI gayela lAvA- khaDAthI banyA che. karADA varSo pUrve dariyAnI sapATIthI samudrabhAgA UMcakAtAM uttara ane pUrNAMmAM khAmAciyA jevu` rahyu kacchane maLyuM che. A raNanI sapATI unALAmAM sukAIne kANuM paDa jevI thaI jAya che. cAmAsA ane bharatImAM jyAre eka bAju nadInuM pANI A raNamAM paDe che ane bIjI bAju arabI samudramAMthI bharatI Ave che tyAre A vistAra dariyAI jhIla jevA thaI jAya che. dakSiNane kaMThI vistAra madhya kacchanA ucca pradezathI nIkaLatI nadIonAM mIThA pANIthI temaja bhUgarbha jalI sicita hAI kRSiyAgya banyA che. bhUbhautika vijJAnanA hisAkhe AvuM jaNAya che ke Aje jyAM uttara bhAratanA gagA ane sidhatA moTA sapATa ane phaLadrupa medAnI vistAra che te pahelAM TIthiyasa nAmanA samudra hatA ane dvIpakalpa bhArata AphrikAnA pUrva" kAMThA sAthe joDAyela hato. kAlAMtaramAM bhArata dvIpakalpa uttara tarapha khasatAM khasatAM TIthiyasa samudranI jagyA pAra karI eziyAkhaMDa sAthe joDAyA. A joDANathI samudra tA nIkaLI ja gayA. sAthe-sAthe dvIpakalpanA satata AthI A bhAganI jamIna UMcakAvA lAgI ane ApaNA AjanA himAlayanA janma thayA. dvIpakalpa bhAratanuM khANa eTalu` tIvra che ke Aje paNa himAlayanI UMcAI satata vadhatI rahe che. himAlayanA UMcakAvAthI tyAM bhUbhautika parivA paNa satata thayAM che. navI navI TekarI banI. amuka TekarIe teA pRthvI upara prANIonA utkrAMti kAla daramyAnanI ja che ane tethI A TekarIonAM paDemAM Aje paNa jIvAzmAnA asa`khya namUnA prApta thAya che. AvI TekarIe! Adya bhUstaravijJAna ane mAdya prANivijJAnanA abhyAsIo mATe khUba ja agatyanI thaI gaI che. patA pramANamAM khUba ja nAnI vayanA hAI prANIonA avazeSa nIce te nIce ja daTAtA jAya che. himAlayanI bhUbhautika racanAnA abhyAsIe mATe kAzmIranuM saMzAdhana karatAM terA ane piTanane1deg jaNAyuM ke kAzmIra khINu(sAna khINa)nA AdyapASANuyugIna gALAma hathiyArA (loara peliyelithika pebala TUlsa)nA jaththA Aje je paristhitimAM maLe che te kharekhara to AnA karatAM judA prakAranI ja paristhitimAM ja taiyAra thayA hatA ane Aje je rIte maLyo che tenuM kAraN himAlayanA paMtAmAM satata vadhatI UMcAI che. piTasaaenanA abhyAse 12] me/1993 [ pathika For Private and Personal Use Only

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A batAvI ApyuM che ke sena khINanAM ojAra moDenA plAyasTesina yuganAM che ane zivAlika ke anya navA banela parvatanI TekarIomAM satata UMcakAtAM himAlayanAM paDemAM nIce nIce ane nIce daTAtAM jAya che, tethI uttara bhAratanI prAgaitihAsika prathama mAnavasabhyatAnA abhyAsa ane dezanA anya bhAgo sAthe sarakhAmaNI mATe e samayanA himAlayanAM bhUstara ane paryAvaraNane abhyAsa karavA jarUrI che. piTarsananA vidhAna pachI prAgaitihAsika kAlanA abhyAsIoe samagrarUpe bhArata ane viziSTarUpe pazcima bhAratanI bhautika saMsthAnA abhyAsamAM rasa levA lAgyA tyAre jaNAyuM ke vAstavamAM samasta vizvanI jema bhAratIya upakhaMDa paNa sthAyI ane asthAyI vAtAvaraNIya parivatanene bhoga banyA che. A abhyAsanA phalasvarUpe ApaNane khyAla Ave che ke kaccha na to kAyama khuzkIvALe raNapradeza rahyo che ke na to kAyamI lIle ane bhejayukta vanapradeza. kharekhara chellA himaprapAtayuganA aMta sAthe kacchamAM samaye samaye lIletarIvALI ane zuSka beu paristhiti sarjAtI rahI che. kacchanI bhUstarIya racanA vacce lAvArasanI TekarIone cAre bAju patharAyela-eka bAju jyAM paravALAM ane jIvAzmIya cUnAnA tharothI banI che, te bIjI bAju vAgaDa ane bannIne pradeza tathA siMdhanA kAMpe ane rAjapUtAnAnI mabhUmine bhAga che. uttarIya kaccha sIdhe-sIdhe siMdha rAjapUtAnA ane paMjAbanA sapATa bhAgonA raste himAlaya sudhI dharAtalIya sapATa pradezanI eka pahoLI galI jevA vistArathI saMkaLAyela che, tethI ziyALAmAM gujarAtanA anya vistAranI apekSAe ahIM ThaMDI vadhu sakhata paDe che. kAMThA vistAra bhUjanI UMcAIthI na kevaLa A ThaMDIthI surakSita rahe che, dariyAI bhejathI uSNatA paNa meLave che. meDenA-glAyasTosina yugamAM ke jayAre vizvamAM khAsa te AphrikA eziyA ane pazcima yuropamAM mAnavanI utkrAMtinI sauthI sArI vAtAvaraNIya paristhitinuM nirmANa thayuM hatuM tyAre karachamAM paNa sarasa vasavATa karavAnI paristhiti hatI. rimoTa-sesiMga paddhatithI meLavela upagrahacitro jaNAve che ke kacchanA uttaramAM prAthaLa ane dakSiNamAM muMdrA sudhInA vistAramAM lAyasTesina pUrvenA samayane lIle paTo jovA maLe che, je pAchaLathI retInA tharo nIce dabAI gaye (zuSka samayamAM), te vAgaDa ane uttara gujarAtanA bhUstarIya abhyAsamAM vidvAnoe 2 retIne asmIbhUta thayela moTA TekarAo (A TekarAo Aje retiyA paththaranA TekarA jevA lAge che, kharekhara te A TekarA jAmI gayela retInA TIMbA ja hatA.) jevA che. A asmIbhUta retInA TekarAe cheka dilhIthI vaDodarA sudhI vistAra darzAve che, tethI AvyIna ane hegaDe vagere jaNAvavA prerAya che ke madhya-plAyasTAsina yugamAM raNane vistAra Aje che tenA karatAM vadhAre vistRta hatuM, paraMtu moDenA plAyasina yugamAM havAmAM bhejane vadhAre thatAM vanaspatiyukta vistArane vadhAre thaye ane uttaragujarAta siMdha karacha saurASTra ane rAjapUtAnAnA zuSka pradezamAM ghAsa-cArAnI suvidhA vadhI, ghAsacAra vadhatAM tRNabhakSIo ane kaMdamULa-phaLonuM pramANa khUba ja vadhyuM. A beu AdimAnavanA uchera mATe khUba ja jarUrI hatuM, tethI jyAre A lIlerI vadhI tyAre ja mAnavane uddabhava je ApaNe prophesara coparAne mata svIkArIe te)' athavA Agamana (je mAnIe ke e AphrikAthI athavA InDoneziyAthI Avyo hoya te) the. rimeTa-sesiMga citro ApaNA kacchanAM raju karyA che te batAve ja che ke moDenA plAyasina yugamAM kaccha bhejayukta lIlerIthI AcchAdita pradeza ha. dhIme dhIme vAtAvaraNamAM parivartana AvyuM ane zuSkatA vadhatI gaI. ene lIdhe retInA tharamAMthI vanaspati lupta thaI gaI ane retALa vistAra vadhe, paraMtu A paristhitimAM himAlayavistAramAM pathika 1993 For Private and Personal Use Only

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puSkaLa uSNatAmAM vadhAro thatAM, raNapradezamAM haLavo bheja pharI vaLe. saMpUrNa pazcima bhAratamAM madhya pASANayuganAM hathiyAro Aja yuganA gharomAM maLe che. daTAyela lAla mATInA thare A samayanA bhUstaramAM dekhAyA che, je puSkaLa pramANamAM vanaspatinI pedAza jaNAve che. kacchanA lIlA paTA sivAya anya bhAgomAM paNa A samaye vanaspati vadhavA sAthe mAnava-vasavATa lAyaka sthaLomAM vadhAro thayo jaNAya che. purAtatva khAtAnI zodha daramyAna tethI ja madhya ane uttara pASANayuganAM hathiyAro sArA pramANamAM maLyAM che. 14 A yuganI khAsiyata evI che ke mAnava-janasaMkhyAmAM sthAnika bhedone paNa vikAsa nAMdhAtAM sthaLa-rathaLanA kRtyAvazeSomAM sthAnika chAMTa judI tarI Ave che. chelle vadhAre paDatI janasaMkhyA ane lIletarInA bhayaMkara vinAzane lIdhe (vadhu paDatAM gheTAM bakarAM jevAM prANIo dvArA) tathA havAmAnane anya pheraphArane lIdhe saMpUrNa pazcima bhAratamAM pharIthI zuSka kAla zarU thAya che. vidvAnonuM mAnavuM che ke A ja kAla daramyAna zuSkatA vadhatAM duSkALanI hAramALA sarjAvA lAgI ane haDappIya lekenI vasAhata bhAMgI paDI. pazcima rAjasthAnamAM A samayanI pANInA abhAve sekIne asmIbhUta thaI gayela nadIonA saMkhyAbaMdha avazeSa AcIna ane hegaDee zedhyA che. 15- Aje kaccha semieriDa paristhitimAM che. ApaNe joyuM ke bhautika ane vAtAvaraNIya parivartanano abhyAsa mAnava-utakrAMtinA kramane jANavAmAM keTalI madada kare che. have joIe ke kacchamAM mAnava-vikAsa kema zarU thayuM. mAnava-vikAsanA purAvA-rUpe ApaNI pAse che mAtra atra-tatra maLatAM pASANayuganAM hathiyAro, e sivAya kazuM bIjuM hoya to have kAMte e naSTa thaI gayela che athavA te jaDayAM nathI. ApaNe pUrve joyuM tema, karachamAM gujarAtanAM anya sthaLonI apekSAe purAtattvakSetre prAgaitihAsikayuga upekSita rahyo che ane jarA vadhu asparza rahyo che, tethI je kAMI che tene ja ApaNe ApaNA abhyAsane AdhAra mAnIe. kacchamAM traNa sthaLethI Agha pASANayuganAM ojAro maLyAM che. nakhatrANA tAlukAnA aMgiyA gAma pAse bhUkhI nadImAM, bhujeDI, dharUDa nadI (dezalapara-nUtaLI pAse ane rAparamAM bhuTakiyA gAma pAsethI prApta thayAM che. Disembara, 1967mAM 6 Dekkana koleja-pUnAnA purAtattvavidoe bhUkhI nadInA kaTAvavALI kAMpanI traNa phUTa UMcAI sudhImAM saMzodhana daramyAna, jamInanA jAmI gayela mATInA paDamAMthI DolerAITanI moTI phalekasa (paththaranAM chAparA) meLavI. A hathiyAra baisATa ane caTanAM banela che. e phalekase che. emAMthI heDaekasa (hAtha-kuhADI), rapa (2dA jevI ghasavA mATenI pharasI), kalIvasa (kuThAra), cepa (chUdavAnAM hathiyAra) vagere banAvAyAM che. dharUDa nadInA kAMThenA nakhatrANA tAlukAnA dezalapara-gaMtaLI nAmanI najIka nUtaLIgaDhanA madhyakAlIna avazeSo pAsethI traNa hAtha-kuhADIo maLI AvI che (e karacha saMgrahAlayamAM pradarzita che). A traNa hAtha-kuhADIomAMnI be gherA ratAza paDatA raMganI ane eka pILA raMganA kavArTajeTika retiyA paththaramAMthI banelI che. eka kuhADI lAMbA AkAranI cAre bAjue dhAra kADhelI che. ene hAthAne bhAga bharAvadAra ane baMne bAjue Upasele che, bIjI kuhADI pILA retiyA paththaranI banelI che te pAna-AkAranI (Heart shaped) che. ene banAvatI vakhate baMne bAjuthI haLavA hAthe chIparA chelavAmAM AvyAM che. thoDAka aMze e laMbagoLa che. gherA rAtA raMganA kavArTanI ITa senDasTenamAMthI banela che temAM uparathI pAtaLI chIparAnI chAla jevI kADhavAmAM AvI che. bhujenI pAse maLela hathiyArImAM hAthakuhADIo khUrapIo ane pharasIone samAveza thAya che. 14] [ pathika ma/13 For Private and Personal Use Only

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moTA bhAganAM ojAre kavATa jaITamAMthI ja banAvela che. bhujeDI pAsethI bIjA aneka ojAra purAtattva khAtAnA e vakhatanA adhIkSaka zrI cittalavALAne prApta thayAM hatAM, paraMtu e A hathiyArone parivartananI kaDI samAna gaNI madhya pASANakAlanI zarUAta athavA Adya pASANakAlanA AkharI tabakkAmAMnAM mAne che. jo evuM heya te e kharekhara noMdhapAtra ghaTanA prAgaitihAsika mAnava-utkrAMtinI gaNAya, kemake AvI kaDIo ApaNane batAvaze ke bhAratamAM yuropanI jema mAnava-vasavATa kaTake kaTake nahi, apitu saLaMga ane kramabaddha che. kacchathI prApta Agha pASANayugIna hathiyAro moDenA lAyasTosina yuganAM manAya che (vakila ukhanananA abhAve thoDuM nizcitapaNe kahevuM joIe nahi); joke A vidhAna ApaNe mAtra anya sthaLoethI maLela AvAM ja hathiyAronA sthaLanA stara-abhyAsa (sTrogrAphI)ne AdhAre ja kahI zakIekhAsa karIne siMdha, rAjasthAna ane gujarAtamAM thayela ukhananane AdhAre. gharUDa ane bhUkhI nadIthI prApta Adya pASANayugIna hathiyAre ke jemAM hAthakuhADA ane kuhADI (cepara ane heDaekasa) mukhya che, je dezanA anya bhAgenI jema moDenA lAyasTosina yuganAM ja hoya ema jaNAya che. TaziyarI yugane aMtima kAla ane kavArTanarI yugane prAraMbha-kAva e yuropa amerikA tathA duniyAnA uttara bhAgamAM atyaMta ThaMDA havAmAnane kAraNe sAmAnya rIte mikRta-yuga (siyala pIriyaDa) tarIke oLakhAya che. bhArata viSuvavRttanI najIka hAI kadAca himakRta yugamAMthI pasAra na thaye hoya ane tethI ahIM himayuga daramyAna mAtra ThaMDA bhejavALuM havAmAna rahyuM hoya (huviyala) ema manAya che, paraMtu himayugane prabhAva bhArata para spaSTa dekhAya che. khAsa karIne himAlaya ane enI taLeTIne bhAga hisAvaraNathI pasAra thayA hatA e cakakasa che, paraMtu dakSiNamAM AvI paristhiti hatI ke kema e kahevuM agharuM che. bhUstarazAstrIo tathA prAcIna prANI-vidyAzAstrIonA mata pramANe A plAyasTAlina yugamAM bIjA himAvaraNa kAlanAM aMtamAM jAre banAvanAra buddhizALI athavA akkalavAna manuSya (hemesepiyana) astitvamAM AvI gayA hatA. utkrAMtinI zRMkhalAmAM kapi-samudAyamAM aMtima caraNamAM pucha-rahita vAnara-parivAranI ja eka zAkhAmAM manuSyane paNa samAvI levAyela che. ApaNuM purogAmIo nizcaya ja ApaNAthI viparIta, prathama te cimpAjhI athavA gerilAnI jema copaNA ja hatA, paraMtu emane eka vikasita svarUpe be page UbhA rahevAnuM zarU karyuM, paraMtu zuM A svarUpane mAnavI tarIke svIkArI levuM joIe? A praznano uttara jANavA pahelAM ApaNe e jANavuM paDaze ke ucca kapie (kapi eTale pucha vagaranA vAnaro) ane mAnava vacce bhedarekhA kayAM pADavI. atre yAda rAkhavuM ghaTe ke vANInA mAdhyama thakI vicAronI Apa-le pahelAM paNa mAnavI astitvamAM te hato ja, tethI nRvaMzavido mAne che ke anya puththahIna vAnarethI je koI khUbI mAnavIne jude tAravI zake ema che te e che zArIrika kSamatA, uparAMta pitAnA kArya mATe anya vastuone hathiyAra tarIke upayogamAM lAvavAnuM. emAM paNa khAsa kArya mATe khAsa hathiyAro ghaDavAM athavA taiyAra karIne pachI ene upayoga, A mAtra mAnava ja karI zake ema che. jUnI duniyA (amerikAnA khaMDo sivAyanA vizva)mAM18 dareka sthaLe purAtatvavidAe Aje Theka-ThekANethI AvAM paththaranAM hathiyAro zodhI kADhavAM ke je na kevaLa mAnavInA astitva upara prakAza nAkhe che, balake purAtAtvika staravijJAna ane bhUbhautikInA abhyAsa thakI mAnavInA sAMskRtika vikAsanI paNa kaDIbaddha mAhitI ApaNane Ape che. tAjAniyA (pUrva AphrikA) nI risTa-khINamAMnI pUrva zAkhAnA nikha ane madhya plAyasTesina tharo mAnava-utkrAMti sAthe me/1993 [15 For Private and Personal Use Only

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pASANa-takanIkanA vikAsanI sarvottama kamabaddha zRMkhalA prastuta kare che. A che "huvAna khINa. sane 1951 thI ochuvAnanI khINe prAgaitihAsavidonuM dhyAna ApyuM che. A khINamAM avazenA Thosa abhyAsathI nRvaMzajJa lIkene lAgyuM ke ahIM lagabhaga aDhAra lAkha varSo pehalAM AjanA mAnavI karatAM judI kisamanAM paNa mAnava jevAM prANIo kudaratI daDA jevA paththaramAMthI taddana cIlAcAlu hathiyAra banAvatAM hatAM, jemAM hatAM hADakAM athavA phaLa-mULa chUdavA mATenA kuThAro ane paththaranAM chIparAM (phalekasa). A hathiyArane pAchaLathI "ehuvAna TUlsa" ja nAma apAyuM che phAMsamAM levalene khAte 'ghUmala ane enA sAthIo dvArA 1959 ane 1962 daramyAna karela utpananamAM kuThAra ane binatarAzela chIparA(parsa ane anarITaraDa phalekasa)nA nAme chatAM agatyane ja dhyAna para AvyuM hatuM. A kRtyAvazeSo sAthe sArA pramANamAM prANI-avazeSo paNa maLyA,20 joke bhUle thoDA A kRtyAvazeSone !ane jIvAzmane AdhAre vadhAre ja prAcIna (madhya gleziyena yuga) samayanA mAne che;21 jo ke pAchaLathI jAguIranI dakSiNa-pUrva speInanA kenDIjha sthaLanA saMzodhane pASANanI A prAcIna mAnavasajanAne ThIka ThIka pAchaLa te dhakelI ja che.22 ApaNe eziyAmAM paNa cheka seviyeta madhya eziyathI cIna sudhI brahmadeza ane javAne bhedatA prAcIna mAnava ane enA kRtyAvazeSonA vistRta caro dekhAyA che. A ja gharamAM dakSiNa vistAra ApaNuM kAzmIranA khINavistAranA senevelInA geLA hathiyArone paNa che; A tabakko jo ke ochuvAna-tabakkAthI pachI che. bhAratamAMnA A tabakakAnA kuThAra(coparsa)ne senalInA nAme "sena-saMskRti' tarIke ja oLakhavAmAM Ave che. sena prakAranAM gaLAkSma hathiyAranA asaMkhya namUnA DAMgamAM aMbikA ane pUrNAnI khINamAM paNa DI. bI. cittaLee zodhyA che, paraMtu enA vize pUrNa saMzodhana na thayuM haI sena-khINa sAthe saMbaMdha jANI zakIe nahi,33 paraMtu bhAratIya dvIpa kalpamAM mAtra Azuliyana prakAranAM ja (sArI rIte tarAzelI hAtha-kuhADI jevAM hathiyAro ke je pAchaLanA kALanAM mAnavAmAM Ave che ane phrAMsane Azula vistAranA nAme oLakhAya che) hatAM evuM mAnavuM lekhane apratItikara lAge che. balake sevelI jevAM ane prApha senavelI jevAM hathiyAra anyatra paNa maLyAM che. bhale ne ApaNe svIkArIe ke moTA bhAgane dvIpakalpathI prApta AghAme Azuliyana prakAranA ja che. nRvaMzazAstrIo Aphrikana Adi mAnavane osTrelipithesina ane pekiMga tathA jAvAnA Adi mAnavane pithe kenthopasa evuM nAma Ape che, emAM paNa dakSiNa AphrikAthI prApta ji-jobropasa sauthI prAcIna ane mAnava-sama prANI hatuM evuM mAne che. kramAnusAra joIe te pithekelTopasa oNsTrA lepithekasathI pAchaLanA kAlane mAnava-pUrvaja hevAnuM mAnavAmAM Ave che. ApaNe svIkAravuM paDaze ke ArapASANa bhAratIya saMskRti vize ApaNe kazuM vizeSa jANatA nathI, paraMtu zeSa vizvanI anya jagyAonA purAvA paNa emAM kaze jhAjho umero karatA nathI. A mAnava pUrvanI mukhyatve AvA taddana naSTa thaI jatA hoya tevA kArbodita padArthovALI vastuo vAparatA haze ke je e vakhate sahelAIthI upalabdha thatI hatI, jemake zikAra mATe lAkaDAnA thaDanI gAMTha sAthenI zAkha, vAMsa athavA naLanI aNIdAra lAkaDI bhAlA tarIke ane bhAgela hADakAnI dhAradAra aNIo najIkathI peTamAM ghusADI devA mATe tethI emane kadAca navI jAtanI vadhAre kaDAkUTavALI takanIkI vikasAvavAnI jarUrata ja UbhI na thaI hoya, paraMtu yadA-kadA maLatAM hathiyAre ATaluM te sUcave ja che ke e kAlamAM nahi, paraMtu mAnava je vikasita ane be page Ubho rahI zakanAra e/193 [pathika For Private and Personal Use Only

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prANI tA hatA ja. prAgaitihAsika AdyAtmayugIna ( pASANa, prastara ane asma traNe zabdo pAribhASika tarIke purAtattvavidyAmAM paththaranAM ojArAnA saMdabha` ApavAmAM vaparAya che) saMskRtinI khAsiyata A che ke e khUba ja lAMbA gALA sudhI (17 thI 1 lAkha varSa pUrva' sudhI) astitvamAM rahI che. elbuvAnanI prAra Mbhika sthitine echAmAM ochI 4 thI 5 lAkha varSoM mAnIe te| madhya pASANakAla sudhI kula traNa lAkha varSAMte samaya pasAra thaI gayA hatA, je mAnava utkrAMtinI atyaMta dhImI gati sUcave che. kacchamAM kAI paNa prakAranA prAgaitihAsika mAnavInA avazeSo na maLyA hAI e kaI jAtinA haze e kahI zakAya niha. lIkeje Aphrikana mAnavIne zeSyA ane jenA avazeSa pazcima eziyAmAMthI paNa prApta thayA che te esTrAleApithekasa ApaNA kacchamAM paNa hatA ema mAnavA sAMkaLiyA jevA prakhara purAvidyA prerAyA che;24 joke zarUAtamAM ee paNa anya vidvAnAnI jema mAnatA hatA ke sUkA ane viSama havAmAnane lIdhe kadAca kaccha ane saurASTra mAnava-uddabhava mATe pratikULa hAya. (ahI prAgaitihAsika mAnavanA avazeSa maLI zake nahi.)25 khAsa te| hAlamAM maLela chIparAM ane hAthakuhADIe pachI ee mAne che ke bhale sAnavelIneA mAnavI cIna athavA jAvAnA mAnavI jevA hAya (nRva za-vijJAnIonI bhASAmAM ene pithekenzopasa ane emanI sthaLajAtine sInenthropasa tathA sArlAmena athavA jAvAmena nAma Ape che), paraM'tu A bAju esTrAlepithekasa hAya e vadhu puravAra thAya che. pithekenzopasa pUrva ane uttara eziyA sAthe bhAratamAM paNa kAzmIra-khINu himAlaya vistAra ane uDIsA tathA gaMjAma jevA pUrvIya bhAge sudhI sImita rahyo hoya evu paNu khane, kumake enAM paththaranAM hathiyArAnI banAvaTa sAnavelI--TAIpanI rahI che ane brahmadezamAM te e banAvaTa mahApASANayuga sudhI jaNAI che.26 A satya che ke ekjhuvAna-prakAranAM hathiyArA phakta esTrAleApithekasa (jInasa spesIjha eksTrAlepithesina ) pimAnavA ja banAvatA hatA. elbuvAna pachI anya sthaLeAethI paNaesTrAleApithesina leAkeAnA avazeSa! AphrikAnAnA dakSiNa bhAgAmAMthI maLyA che. (DArTa enu nAma Ape che jinjAnghoSasa ), para`tu A paNa ATaluM ja satya che ke dareka esTrAleApithesina prANInA avazeSe sAthe elyuvAna prakAranAM hathiyAro maLatAM nathI, jyAre anya jagyAe evAM hathiyAro maLyAM che, jema uttara AphrikAthI teA mAnava-avazeSo maLatA nathI, AphrikAthI bahAra tA Ave! sayAga mAtra paNa banyA nathI, veleAne khAte chUMdaNu-kuThAra hathiyAra (cepara-cepiMga TUlsa) dhaNA prAcIna svarUpe maLyAM che, paraMtu mAnava-pUjanA avazeSo jarA paNa nahi. veTenDreleAsa khAtenA chUMdaNukuThArA hAmA-IrekaTasa (prathama me page UbhI zakanAra mAnava-pUrva'jo) sAthe joDAyela che, je eksTrAlepitheMkasa leAkAnI ghaNI pAchaLa AvyA. evI ja rIte eziyAi lR-kuThAra paTA paNa hamAIrekaTasa sAthe ja joDAyela che. bIjiMga najIka cau--kI-tI-ena' khAte nA chUMdaNukuThAra-udyoga (gApAsmAthI banela kuThArAnA samasta prakArane purAtattvabhASAmAM navuM nAma ApavAmAM AvyuM che 'copara-copiMga TUlsa) sAthe saMkaLAyela leAkeA pithekendroApasa hatA ke je hAmeA-IrekaTasanI ja eka prajAti hatA. esTrAlepithekasanI meAjUdagI A kSetramAM jaNAya che, para`tu ee hathiyAra banAyavAnI kSamatA dharAvatA hatA e sazayAtmaka che. sAmAnya tAraNa evuM che ke staranAM hathiyArA banAvavAnI takanIka pUrva aAphrikanA ekS vAna gAme krA'ka jIniyasa esTrAlepiyekasa mAnave roodhI ane eka vAra A AviSkAra thatAM enA pathika ] me/1993 [17 For Private and Personal Use Only

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khUba ja jhaDapathI prasAra thayA. A prasAra e dizAmAM thayA: eka yurApa bAju ane bIjo eziyA mAju,27 paraMtu dhaNAMeka sthaLee svataMtra vikAsane nakArI zakAya ema nathI. dAkhalA tarIke levelena khAtenA A asmAyAgane elyuvAnano UttarIya vikAsa kahevAya che, paN e svataMtra rIte vikasita hathiyAro che evuM paNa dhaNA mAne che.28 atre mA yAda rAkhavuM ghaTe ke zArIrika kSamatAAthI niti prAraMbhika takanIkIya prakriyA chU-*NukuThAra stara mAtrathI ja zarU thAya che; levelAna khAte mAnava-avazeSone abhAva joke eu tarkone chelle te adhara ja rAkhe che. eziyA taraka prasarela zAkhAnI dhAraNA paNa ghaNI visa`gatAthI bharelI che. dAkhalA tarIke A khaDamAM kema khUba ja lAMbA samaya sudhI prAraMbhika aparipakava cIlAcAlu hathiyAraparaMparA cAlu rahI ? A vadhu sazayAtmaka tyAre banI jAya che ke jyAre ApaNane jANa thAya che ke anya bhAgeAmAM hemA-rekaTase ezuliyana prakAranAM hathiyArA banAvavAM cAlu karI dIdhAM hatAM ane A takanIkanI eziyAI mAnavAne khabara ja na paDI hoya evu` paNu nathI. dAkhalA tarIke cIna bhArata ane pAki stAnanI sImA para ezuliyana hathiyArA chUMdaNu-kuThArA sAthe maLyAM che. jyAMsudhI kacchanA prazna che tyAMsudhI ApaNe rAmazra. purAtattvavidyA kSetre thayela sazodhanAne AdhAre tyAMnAM hathiyArAne najara samakSa rAkhIe to jaNAze ke AghAma chUMdaNa-kuThAra ApaNe tyAM paNa bhuTAkriyA gAmethI maLyA che, je ezuliyana prakAranA che. ApaNI hAthakuhADIe ezuliyana prakAranI che tethI A te! spaSTa che ke AdyAtmayuganI jANItI beu hathiyAra-takanIka ApaNA Adi mAnavA jANatA hatA. athavA tA ema kahIe ke A takanIkane jANanArA mAnavA ApaNe tyAM thaI gayA. A have nivivAda che ke je Aphrikana eNsTrAleApithekasanI zAkhA utkrAMte daramyAna eziyAmAM AvI haze teA ane jo bhArata DIpakalpa khAju prasarI haze to kaccha enA mATe eka sArA bhU-setu samAna hatA, ezuliyana prakAranAM hathiyArA ApaNe tyAM bhUjamAM kanaiyA e kUkhe paiyA tera bhacAumAM khIja pAsara ane nakhatrANAmAM ugeDI gU'talIgaDha, carakhaDA, lakhavata khAte khara'dA, khara`dA thegaNI ane gAgha seDI khAte yatra-taMtra alpa mAtrAmAM prApta thayAM che. 28 zauthI agatyanI bAbata e che ke dakSiNamAM DAMgathI mAMDI sAbaramatI sudhInA gujarAtamAM gALAmAA maLatA hoya tA kacchamAM SaNa evI ja sa`skRtinA cihnanA InkAra na karI zakAya, tezrI jayAre kaccha mAMthI AdyAzmayugIna hathiyArA maLyAM tyAre sAMkALiyAte lAgyu ke kacchanI khUTatI kaDI puravAra thaI che ane haeNnDa ekasa-sa...skRtine zeSa gujarAta ane dvIpakalpa bhArata sudhI prasAra karavAmAM bhUsetunI garaja kahe ja sArI che. valke bhUbhautika sAdhane puravAra karyuM ja che ke kaccha meADenA plAyasTosina yugamAM bhejavALA sarasa lIleAtarI dharAvatA pradeza hatA, te kema ahI. mAnavapU^jarAkAyA nA hAya ane vasavATa na karyAM haiya? ApaNuAsImita jJAnanAM sAdhano te have spaSTa nirdeza Ape che ke jIeopasa 1 evuM ati prAcIna kapimAnava paNa kadAca ahIM vasyA hAya ane eNsTrAleAbiyekasa te nizcaya ja cheka lakhapatathI rApara sudhI tRNabhakSIonA zikAra karatA, kaMdamULa khAtA, ane bhIyaNu vanacarAthI pAtAnI jAtane rakSatA kacchanI dharA upara kema na rahyo hAya ? enA avazeSa nathI, paNu purAvA te che.kara pATIpA 1. purAtattva khAtu'; gujarAta rAjyanA vArSika ahevAla 1977-78, 78-69; 80-81, 81-82 ane 83-84. ra. ghUMTe, Ara. khI, dhI jyeAgrAphrI Apha kharADA sTeTa, 1898 3. jhanara epha. i; sTona eja enDa plAyasTosina kronelAjI Ina gujarAta, pUnA, 1950 ve me 1992 [pazipha For Private and Personal Use Only

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4. TeDa, ke. Ara. yu, veliyAlithika inDasTrI oNpha bekhe,-janarala opha raoNyala entho - pilojikala insTiTayUTa, 1939, pA. 259-72 5. agravAla, DI. bI./avAsiyA Ara. ke. gujara sTATII: reDiyo kArbana enDa inDiyana ArkiyolaoNjI, muMbaI, 1973 6. guptA, esa, ke, kolajI eka mUDa bIceja enDa koralIpha epha saurASTra kosTa; janatA opha lijI, 1984; 5. naM. 557-62 7. rAjaguru, esa. ena. "na dha leTa plAyasTesina opha dha Dekkana kavATaraneriyA JI, 1976; pA. naM. 241-83 ke. TI. ema. hegaDe sAthe 8. gAdI e. esa. Acana bI./hegaDe ke. TI. ema.- dhI pharmara ekasTezana opha dha greTa InDiyana enDa DejharTa; jyagrAphikala jarnala, 1973 9. uparyukata ane nara ane I, 1950 10. terA eca. DI. ane viTana TI. TI., sTaDIjha Ina AIsa eja ina inDiyA enDa ese ziyeTeDa hyumana kalcara, voziMgTana DI. sI. 1930 AlacIna enDa AlcIna-dhI rAIjha opha sivilAIjhezana ina inDiyA enDa pAkistAnanI noMdha mujaba) 11. pazcima ane uttara bhAratanA kudaratI mAnacitrane jotAM A spaSTa thaI jaze ke pUrve aravallI ane pazcimamAM sulemAna parvatamALAe pUrva pazcimamAM be bhIMte racI hoya ane paMjAba tathA siMdhanuM medAna eka pahoLI galI heya. 12. upara pATIpa 8 mujaba. 13. paMjAba vizvavidyAlayanA nRvaMzavijJAnanA pra. esa. Ara. ke. coparA pitAnA athAga abhyAsa thakI evA nirNaya upara AvyA che ke himAlayanI zivAlika TekarIomAM mAnave vasavATa karyo hato ane emanA mate pithekenthopasa bhAratamAMthI dakSiNa-pUrva eziyA bAju gaye hate. zivAlika TekarIothI maLatI 30 jeTalI hAthInI jAtenA azmio ane e uparAMta prAcInatama sastana prANIonAM Azmio; jema ke hAyaDaeNna, DAyanetherie, meTADona, jIrApha, hipopoTemasa, geMDA, ghoDA, UMTa, haraNa, vAnara ane geMDAthI moTuM suMDha ane cAra sIMgaDAvALuM zivAzeriyama vagere sArI evI saMkhyAmAM maLyAM che, e vakhatanI samRddha vanaspati ane prANIsASTinI vipulatA mAnava vasavATa mATe sauthI uttama jagyA zivAlika hoya emAM be mata na hoya, paraMtu tyAM haju sudhI mAnava-azmi maLela na hoI ceparAne vicAra vajuda meLavavA azaktimAna thaI jAya che. zrI coparAe emane nibaMdha 1975 mAM dilhInI eka konpharansamAM vAMcyuM hatuM. enA AdhAre (juo raseja enDa kacarsa opha InDiyA, majUmadAra pI. ena., pR. 24, 158. 14. purAtatva khAtu gujarAta rAjyanA vArSika ahevAle. 15. upara pATIpa 8 mujaba. 16. nANAvaTI je. ena., Ivolyuzana opha alImena ina karacha ATa, kalcara enDa necarala hisTarI opha kaccha, 1976, 5. naM. 78. 17. zrI cittavavAlA, vAya. ema, gujarAtamAM pASANayuga', pAnA naM. pathika] me/1993 For Private and Personal Use Only

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18. jUnI duniyA eTale eziyA yuropa ane AphrikAnA khaMDe. A eka sarvavidita tathya che ke prAcIna mAnava-vasAhate ahIM ja vikasI, eziyAkhaMDathI alAskAne raste lagabhaga 20 thI 15 hajAra varasa pahelAM ja mAnavI navI duniyA bAju gayA hatA. linTa rAlpha, TrI opha kalcara. 19. ochuvAna ukhanananA ahevAla : 1. lIka, ela. esa. bI, ochuvAna gorja (1953), ehuvAna gojha 1951-1961; e - priliminarI riporTa ona dhI jiyolojI enDa phena (1965). - 2. lIke ema. DI., huvAna gojha, eskevezana ina beDa 1 ane 2. 1960-63 (1971) badhA kebrija prakAzana che. 20. cUmale eca. i. le prImiyara InDasTrI daramena e pravensa le prIhisTerika ceIlsa (jAya svAba vidulAnA AdhAre-pelilithika sivilAIjhezana Ina InDiyA). 21. e ja. 22. A sthaLanuM pAchaLathI boTa ane enTonIe ukhanana karyuM hatuM ane ene samaya eo guja. glesiyezana Ape che. bhaTTAcArya DI. ke. piliyolithika yuropa (1971). 23. A hathiyAro sAputArA saMgrahAlaya ane jillA paMcAyata-AhavA khAte surakSita che. emanA vize kopara DI. eca. TrAyabela ArTa opha Dagna 1971 ane te cItalee emanA pustaka DAMga eka sama darzana"mAM sAmAnya paricaya Apyo che. lekhaka pite tyAM kayureTara rahyA heI eka sAmAnya keTega myujhiyama khAte rAkhyuM che, paraMtu A hathiyArone viSNAtmaka ane tulanAtmaka abhyAsa karavo jarUrI che. 24, nANAvaTI, 1976, pA. naM. 78 (upara mujaba). rapa. ejana, pA. nAM . 26. pIgaTa, TuarTa, prI-hisTorika InDiyA, 5. naM. 30. 27. barDasa, epha, 6 olDa sTona eja, 1968, 5. 49. 28. kesa ane higsa, dha kronolojIkala opha alI saina 1969. 28. purAtatva khAtAnA vArSika ahevAla, 81-82; 83-84. 30. nANAvaTI, upara mujaba. 31. nezanala jyogrAphI, ekabara 1961, pA. naM. 568. 32, sAMkaLiyA eca. DI. prIhisTarI enDa proTohisTarI opha InDiyA enDa pAkistAna, 196ra, 5. naM. 71, dhI baroDA sITI ko-opareTiva benka li. raji, ophisa saMsthA vasAhata, rAvapurA, vaDodarA-390001 zAkhAo : 1, saradArabhavana-jayubilI bAga pAse 2. paththarageTa pAse 3. phatehagaMja carca sAme 4. saradAra chAtrAlaya-kArelIbAga 5. goravA jakAtanAkA pAse 6. Ara. va. desAI 7. gotrI reDa dareka prakAranuM benkiMga kAmakAja karavAmAM Ave che. menejara : kAMtibhAI DI. paTela maMtrI : caMdrakAMtabhAI cu. paTela pramukha : kikAbhAI paTela 2] : 13 [ pathika For Private and Personal Use Only

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1 '93 Reg. No. GAMC-19 hajIra "lAMgAM ! deaNu alakha he, leaNudAra alakha; - mAthe tANe mAnavI, uAM halAve dakha. 48" eAchuvAna uta ta! A saMsAramAM sukha-du:kha saMpatti-vipatti devA ane haravAvALA eka paramezvara ka vAtane mAnavI vyartha rIta meM lIdhuM-meM kIdhuM' mAnIne yazano Topalo pitAne mAthe mi rIte tyAM ja te du:khane doDAve che." (pR. 37) - AvAM zuddha subhASitAne ahIM' saMpAdakoe Dhagalo karI Apyo che. 4, cAraNI sAhityavimarza : le. ane pra. De. aMbAdAna rohaDiyA, 4 harinagara, yuni. roDa, rAjakeTa-360 005; signala DemI 8 pejI pR. 9 + 108; 1992; ki. rU. 40/- 1} : bhAIzrI Do. aMbAdAna rohaDiyAno A eka mahatvano graMtha 'cAraNI sAhityavimarza' zIrSa thI prasiddha thayo che e AnaMda ane abhinaMdanane viSaya che. amArI jANamAM amArA mitra sva. zrI jhaveracaMda kA. medhANInA "cAraNA ane cAraNI sAhitya' pachIne varSo pachI raju thatA A bIje graMtha che. 8 prakaraNamAM vibhakta A graMthamAM satyanA uddagAtA cAraNa saja, cAraNI sAhityamAM vIrAMganAo, cAraNI sAhityamAM mukAvarNana, cAraNI sAhityamAM vIrarasa, cAraNI sAhityamAM zRMgAra, cAraNI sAhityamAM rAmabhakti tathA "jAlaMdharapurANa" ane "mUMgI purANamAM rasadarzana, ApatAM lekhake eka noMdhapAtra laghu zodhanibaMdha ja raju karI Ape che. prakaraNAnAM mathALAM vAMcatAM ja ApaNane lekhake lIdhelA zramanI jhAMkhI thaI jAya che. kadI nityanI belacAlanI nahotI tevI prAkRta ane apabhraMza bhASAonAM svAbhAvika zabdasvarUpe ane enI chAyAmAM navAM vahetAM karelAM zabdasvarUpethI samRddha cAraNI sAhitya enA sarjakonI pratibhAne ApaNI sAme deDatI kUdatI sajIvatAne bhAsa stana kAvyana, kiM kAMDena dhanuSyataH | parasya hRdaye lagna na dhRNu pati yu7iraH ! ahIM "para" zabdamAM maleSArtha che. upara = sAmenI vyakti" para = zatru'. kavie kAvya karyuM toye zuM ane dhanurdhArIe baNi choDayuM toye zuM, je e kavinA viSayamAM zratane ane dhanurdhArInA viSayamAM zatrune chAtImAM pesatAM mAthuM je na bhamAvI de to ?" cAraNa kaviomAM ApaNane A pratibhAnAM darzana thAya che. De. rohaDiyAe AvAM aneka daSTAMto utArIne A kavivaryonI zaktino khyAla Avyo che. A samudyoga mATe hArdika abhinaMdana. 'lo , paUJ -taMtrI eprila'nA aMkamAM pA. 1 thI 4 upara chapAyelAM citrAnA nAmakaraNamAM bhUle thayelI che; e nIce pramANe sudhArI levI: citra 1 : mInaLavAvane eka gavAkSa (pA. 2) citra 2 : mInaLavAvanA eka gavAkSa (pA. 3) citra 3 : saMjaya hatu.nI mati (pA. 4) citra 4 : vIranAthanuM Deru ( pA. 1) sara citra 5 : mAnakezvara mahAdevanuM maMdira (pA. 4) / muka prakAza ane tatrI : ' pathika kAryAlaya ' mATe che , De. kezavalAma kA. zAstrI, ke. madhuvana, elisabrija, amadAvAda-38006 | tA. 15-5-19a mudragusmAna : preraNA mugNAlaya, rustamaalIne DhALa, mirajapura, amadAvAda-380 *1 2 pA' : InTaranezanala prinTiMga vasa, zAhapura, mALIvADAnI poLa jAme, amadAvAda-380 001 For Private and Personal Use Only