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________________ mohana-jo-dar3o jaina paramparA aura pramANa www.jainelibrary ore
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________________ AcArya kundakunda dvisahasrAbdI samAroha [dIpAvalI, 1987 I0 se mahAvIra jayantI, 1986 I0 taka] isa rUpa meM avazya manAiye - * kundakunda jJAnacakra kA pravartana / * kundakunda nezanala lAibrero oNpha jenijma kI sthaapnaa| * vibhinna samArohoM kA Ayojana / * jaina (zikSaNa) patrAcAra pAThyakrama yojnaa| * semInAroM kA Ayojana / * kundakunda sAhitya kA prakAzana / * prAkRta bhASA zivira kA Ayojana / vidvAnoM dvArA kundakunda sambandhI sAhitya para kArya karAnA tathA prakAzita kraanaa| smArikA prakAzana / * yuvakoM meM cAritra-nirmANa abhiyAna / * zikSaNa-ziviroM kA Ayojana kreN| * kundakunda racita granthoM kI mUlagAthA ke akhaNDa pATha prAyojita kreN| * nikaTavartI tIrthasthaloM taka padayAtrA kA Ayojana kreN| * AdhyAtmika goSThiyoM kA Ayojana kreN| * nibandha pratiyogitAoM kA Ayojana kreN| * vAda-vivAda pratiyogitAoM kA Ayojana kreN| * gAthA-pATha pratiyogitAoM kA Ayojana kreN| * kundakunda sAhitya kA vikraya kreN|
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________________ mohana-jo-dar3o : jaina paramparA aura pramANa elAcArya muni vidyAnanda prakAzaka : kundakunda bhAratI, naI dillI
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________________ (c) kundakunda bhAratI, naI dillI prathama AvRtti : disambara, 1986 dvitIya AvRtti : janavarI, 1988 sampAdana : DaoN0 nemIcanda jaina Akalpana : saMtoSa jaDiyA prAptisthAna : kundakunda bhAratI 18-bI, spezala iMsTITyUzanala eriyA naI dillI-110067 zrI sohanalAla jaina jayapura priNTarsa, ema. AI. roDa, jayapura dvArA pracAra va prasAra hetu mudrita
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________________ Amukha mohana-jo-dar3o' kA artha hai 'mRtakoM kA TIlA' / purAtAttvika mahattva kA yaha sthAna pAkistAna ke larakAnA jile (sindha) meM sthita hai| isake utkhanana kA kArya 1922-27 I0 ke madhya sarakAra ke purAtAttvika sarvekSaNa vibhAga ne sampanna kiyA thA / khudAI meM jo sIleM prApta huI haiM unase jaina saMskRti kI prAcInatA asaMdigdha aura spaSTa banatI hai| prApta tathyoM tathA niSkarSoM kA bhArata ke prAcIna itihAsa kI dhAraNA para bhI acUka prabhAva par3A hai| aba taka Rgveda ko hI bhAratIya saMskRti sabhyatA kA antima bindu mAnA jAtA thA; kintu sindhughATI kI saMskRti se sambandhita chAnabIna se hamArA dhyAna prAgvedika bhArata kI ora bhI barabasa gayA hai| yaha prazna sahaja hI uThatA hai ki sindhughATI ke nivAsI kauna the ? unakI dhArmika AsthAe~ kyA thIM ? kyA mohana-jo-dar3o ke tatkAlIna sAMskRtika mAnacitra para jainoM kI koI sthiti thI ? kyA jo tathya sAmane Aye haiM unake kAraNa Rgveda ko bhAratIya saMskRti kA prathama chora mAnanA aba bhI saMbhava hai ? kyA prAraNyaka saMskRti ko eka sirA mAna lene para dUsarA sirA sindhughATI taka vistRta nahIM ho jAegA ? tathyoM kI isa samIkSA se yaha siddha hotA hai ki jainadharma prAgvaidika hai aura bhArata meM yoga-paramparA kA pravartaka hai / mAhana aba taka yaha mAnA jAtA rahA hai ki hamAre deza kI prAcInatA Rgveda se pIche saMbhavataH lauTa nahIM sakatI: ki jo-dar3o ke utkhanana meM mile haiM unase yaha pramANita ho gayA hai ki bhArata kI saMskRti kAphI prAcIna hai, ataH 'prAcInatA ke isa tathya' ko 'khudAI meM mile tathyoM ke samAnAntara vAGgamayika paramparAoM meM bhI DhUMDhA jAnA cAhiye / prastuta pustikA meM isa dizA meM eka Thosa prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| mohana-jo-dar3o se jo eka sIla milI hai| usase jaina saMskRti ke sambandha meM kaI dhUmilatAe~ spaSTa huI haiM aura isa naye ujAle meM hama kaI aitihAsika gutthiyoM ko khola sake haiN| aba taka kahA jAtA rahA hai ki jainadharma vedoM ke samaya pravartita yA punarujjIvita huA; kintu mohana-jo-dar3o kI khudAI ne yaha siddha
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________________ kara cakita kiyA hai ki jaina saMskRti purAtathyoM kI kasauTI para kamase-kama 5000 varSa (3250 I0pU0) purAnI to hai hii| mohanajo-dar3o kI sIloM para yogiyoM kI jo kAussagga (kAyotsarga) digambara mudrAe~. 'aMkita haiM unase ukta sthApanA aura dRr3ha huI hai| mohana-jo-dar3o ke utkhanana se jo niSkarSa sAmane Aye haiM ve isa prakAra haiM1. jainoM ke prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhanAtha adhyAtma (AtmavidyA) latA-maNDapa veSTita bhagavAn bAhubalI ke prAdipravartaka haiN| yaha tathya mohana-jo-dar3o kI sIloM se pramANita [dekhiye ; pariziSTa 1, TippaNI 6] hotA hai| 2. yogavidyA kA pravartana kSatriyoM ne kiyaa| brAhmaNoM ne ise unhIM se siikhaa| 3. mohana-jo-dar3o kI saMskRti meM mahAyogI RSabhanAtha kI bahuta pratiSThA thI; yahI kAraNa hai ki sIloM para jahA~ eka ora unakI kAyotsarga-magna nagna mudrA milatI hai, vahIM unakA lAMchana baila bhI apane samAnupAtika sauMdarya meM yatra-tatra dikhAyI detA hai|' 4. khudAI meM jo sIleM milI haiM unase yoga-paramparA ke aura adhika prAcIna hone kI saMbhAvanA puSTa hotI hai / inase hama isa niSkarSa para bhI pahu~cate haiM ki usa yuga meM jaina mUrtizilpa kA bhI kAphI vikAsa ho cukA thaa| digambara muniyoM kI kaisI mudrA ho, unake caturdika kaisA vAtAvaraNa aMkita kiyA jAe; aise kauna se pratIka ho sakate haiM jinheM citrita karane se unakI garimA kA bodha ho, ityAdi para bhI kAphI gambhIratA se vicAra huA thA / vRSabha, siMha, mahiSa, gaja, gaiMDA Adi prANiyoM kI zarIra-racanA' kA bhI adhyayana usa samaya ke kalAzilpiyoM ko thaa| sIloM meM jo saMyojana (kampojizana) hai, vaha sAmAnya nahIM hai apitu eka dIrghakAlika paramparA kA dyotaka hai| yaha mUrti bhI kAyotsarga mudrA meM hai parantu yadi hamAre purAtattvavid ina sIloM kI gahana samIkSA karate haiM to isake zirobhAga para koI pratIka nahIM jaina zilpa ke itihAsa/prAgaitihAsa meM eka nayA adhyAya kholA jA hai / yaha bhI usI maharAba (prArca) meM sakatA hai| sthita hai, arthAt mUrti sIdhI khar3I hai aura donoM hAtha barAbara meM donoM prora 5. nirvivAda hai ki mohana-jo-dar3o kI saMskRti meM prAgvaidika laTaka rahe haiM / sara jaoNna mArzala ne isa saMskRti ke aise avazeSa mile haiM, jinase jainoM kI prAcInatA puSTa pArca ko eka vakSa nirUpita kiyA hai| hotI hai| zrI rAmaprasAda candA' tathA zrI airAvata mahAdevan12 [dekhiye ; pariziSTa 1, TippaNI 3] mohana-jo-dar3o
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________________ ne tathyoM kI jo pragalbha samIkSA kI hai usase yaha spaSTa ho gayA hai ki sindhughATI-saMskRti meM jainoM ko eka viziSTa sAmAjika darjA prApta thA aura unheM ghATI se saMbaddha rASTrakula (kaoNmanaveltha) meM eka supratiSThita sthAna milA huA thaa| unakI vittIya sAkha thI tathA vyApAra-jagat meM unheM bahuta sammAna ke sAtha dekhA jAtA thaa| 6. prastuta laghu pustikA meM hama jisa sIla kI vivecanA karane jA rahe haiM vaha utkhanana ke tathyoM para AdhArita to hai hI, sAtha hI jainavAGgamaya meM prApta paramparA se bhI samarthita hai / jaba itihAsa ko lokazruti aura paramparA kA bala mila jAtA hai, taba vaha itanA asaMdigdha aura akATya ho jAtA hai ki phira usakI asvIkRti lagabhaga asaMbhava hI hotI hai| itihAsa vivaraNoM se banatA hai, lokazrutiyA~ lokamAnasa meM pakatI haiM, aura paramparAe~ sAhitya aura bhASA ke tala se prakaTa hotI haiN| prAcArya jinasena ke 'pAdipurANa' meM jo zloka 3 upalabdha hai usase yaha tathya bahuta spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki mohana-jo-dar3o kI pUrI paTTI para kriyAkANDa kI apekSA 'adhyAtma kI saMskRti' adhika prabhAvI thI / sIloM meM jo pratIka milate haiM unase bhI tatkAlIna lokamAnasa/lokAbhiruciyoM kA anumAna lagatA hai| trizUla, vRSabha, chaha arAoM vAlA kAlacakra'4, kalpavRkSa-veSTita kAyotsarga-pratimAe~ ityAdi bhI mahattvapUrNa haiM / 7. zrI mahAdevan ne yaha sApha-sApha mAnA hai ki mohana-jo-dar3o ke sAMskRtika vighaTana ke samaya jainoM kA jo vyApArika vistAra thA usase bhI jaina saMskRti kA eka spaSTa paridRzya hamAre sAmane AtA hai| unakA kathana hai ki usa samaya jaina vyApAriyoM kA mohanajo-dar3o ke rASTrakula meM eka pratiSThita sthAna thA aura unakI sAkha dUra-dUra taka thii| unakI huMDiyA~ pUre rASTrakula meM sikaratI thiiN| Aja se sau sAla pahale taka deza meM aisI iMDiyoM kA kAphI pracalana thaa|15 inakI eka svatantra lipi thii|6 kucha kUTa-cihna bhI the| jo sIleM mohana-jo-dar3o meM milI haiM, saMbhava hai unameM se bahuterI jaina vyApAriyoM se saMbaddha hoM - mahAdevan kI isa upapatti para bhI vicAra kiyA jAnA caahiye| 8. yaha sthApanA bhI kAphI sArthaka dikhAyI detI hai ki mohanajo-dar3o kI saMskRti se jaina adhyAtma aura darzana saMbaddha rahe haiM, tathA usa samaya bhI sampUrNa deza ke vyApAra kI bAgaDora jainoM jaina paramparA aura pramANa
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________________ ke hAtha meM thii| jainoM kA vyApAra-tantra, zailI, aura prazAsana bilakula judA the| Azcarya to yaha hai ki jainadharma kI prAcInatA ke jo saMketa Aja se lagabhaga 60 varSa pUrva mile the, una para Age koI kAma nahIM huaa| vaha sUtra/vaha qadama jahA~-kA-tahA~, jyoM-kA-tyoM uThA raha gyaa| zrI rAmaprasAda caMdA kA lekha 'maoNDarna rivyU' ke agasta, 1932 ke aMka meM prakAzita huA thA tathA zrI mahAdevan ke zodha-niSkarSa para zrI esa. bI. rAya kI samIkSA 'saMDe sTaiMDarDa' ke 16 agasta, 1976 ke aMka meM prakAzita huI thii| donoM meM mohana-jo-dar3o meM jainatva ke hone kI sUcanAeM haiM; kintu itane varSoM bAda bhI kisI jaina purAtattvavid ne isa sthApanA ko Age nahIM bar3hAyA, pallavita nahIM kiyA / aise samaya jabaki mohana-jo-dar3o kI lipi ko par3hane (DisAiphara karane) ke kaI sArthaka prayatna ho cuke haiM, jaina itihAsavettA/purAtattvavijJa yadi una sAre srotoM kA dohana nahIM karate, jo jaina saMskRti ko vizva kI prAcInatama saMskRti siddha kara sakate haiM, to yaha hamArA durbhAgya hI hai / hamArI rAya meM mohana-jo-dar3o saMskRti meM adhyAtma aura yoga, zilpa aura vyApAra kA jo rUpa upalabdha hai usa para gaMbhIratApUrvaka vicAra kiyA jAnA caahiye| una sArI upapattiyoM kA bhI sAvadhAnIpUrvaka parIkSaNa honA cAhiye jo jaina yoga kI paramparA ko susamRddha ThaharAtI haiM / prayatna kiyA jAnA cAhiye ki jaina granthoM meM jahA~ bhI isa paramparA kI abhivyakti huI hai, use vahA~ se uThA kara sabake sAmane rakhA jaae| jainoM kA loka-saMskRti ke vikAsa meM jo avadAna hai, usakI bhI pUrvAgrahamukta vivRtti honI cAhiye / prazna zAyada yaha nahIM hai ki mohana-jo-dar3o kI prAcIna saMskRti ko kisa aAsthA yA vizvAsa, dharma yA darzana se jor3A jAe balki isa tathya ko kasauTI para kasA jAnA cAhiye ki mohana-jo-dar3o ke utkhanana meM jo sAmagrI prApta huI hai, usakA jaina vAGgamaya meM kahA~-kaisA ullekha huaA hai aura usakA jaina itihAsa se kyA sambandha hai ? hamArI rAya meM prApta tathyoM ko ina kasauTiyoM para avazya dekhA jAnA cAhiye : 1. bhagavAn RSabhanAtha17 ke jo paryAya zabda milate haiM ve kitane haiM aura unakA mohana-jo-dar3o kI saMskRti se kyA tAlamela hai ? prajApati, pazupatinAtha, brahma, brahmA tathA atharvan, brAhmI, vRSabha mohana-jo-dar3o
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________________ Adi zabda kyA jaina saMskRti se kisI taraha sambandhita haiM ? yadi inakA koI sambandha hai to vaha kyA hai aura samaya ne use isa taraha dhuMdhalA kyoM kara diyA hai ? kyA hama isa dhundha ko haTA sakate haiM ? 2. yoga kI jo paramparA Aja upalabdha hai, usakA jaina-yoga se kitanA sambandha hai ? kyA yogiyoM kI jo paryaka/kAyotsarga mudrAe~ mohana-jo-dar3o kI sIloM para aMkita haiM, unakA vivaraNa jaina granthoM meM kahIM huA hai ? ardhonmIlita netra tathA nAsikAgra dRSTi kyA jaina muniyoM kI dhyAna/tapomudrA se sambandhita nahIM haiM ? isa dRSTi se bhI tathyoM kI vivecanA kI jAnI cAhiye / 3. 'kAyotsarga (kAussagga)' jainoM kA apanA pAribhASika zabda hai| yaha jisa dhyAnamudrA kA pratIka hai, vaha jaina muniyoM kI viziSTa tapomudrA hai| isa dRSTi se bhI tathyoM kI chAnabIna kI jAnI caahiye| 4. jaina pratimA-vijJAna (AikonogrAphI) kI dRSTi se bhI mohana-jo-dar3o kI pratimAkRtiyoM kA vizleSaNa kiyA jAnA caahiye| dekhA jAnA cAhiye ki kyA paramparA se calI A rahIM jaina pratimAoM meM aura mohana-jo-dar3o kI sIloM para aMkita/utkIriNata pratimAkRtiyoM meM koI saMgati hai ? kyA donoM kI zarIra-racanA (anATaoNmI) samAna hai ? bhujAoM kA pralambana, er3iyoM kA saTA honA, donoM aMguSThoM ke bIca kA aMtara, nAsikAgra dRSTi, adhakhulI A~kheM, kezavinyAsa Adi kaI aise mudde haiM, jinheM gaMbhIratA se tulanAtmaka tala para dekhA jAnA caahiye| 5. mohana-jo-dar3o jaba unnati ke carama zikhara para thA, taba jainoM kA vyApAra kAphI dUra taka vistRta thaa| unakI pahacAnamudrAe~ huMDiyA~ (bila oNpha eksaceMja) pracalita thiiN| kyA ina iMDiyoM kA, jo Aja bhI pracalana meM haiM, taba koI artha thA? kyA hama isa taraha kI haMDiyoM kI khojabIna nahIM kara sakate ? saMbhava hai inakA koI bhAga, koI rUpa hameM mila jaae| 'mor3I' lipi ke vizleSaNa se bhI koI kuMjI hameM mila sakatI hai| 6. kahA jAtA hai ki jo lipi mohana-jo-dar3o kI khudAI meM prApta bartanoM aura sIloM meM kahIM-kahIM prayukta huI hai, vaha brAhmI18 kA hI koI rUpa hai| brAhmI RSabhanAtha kI putrI thI, jise unhoMne jaina paramparA aura pramANa
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________________ lipi-jJAna karAyA thaa| kyA hama isa saMbhAvanA para koI vicAra nahIM karanA cAheMge? 7. 'atharvan' zabda 'bharata' ke paryAya zabda ke rUpa meM prayukta huA hai; kyA ise lekara hama koI vivecanA karanA cAheMge? mohanajo-dar3o kI saMskRti para atharvaveda kA prabhAva mAnA jAtA hai| hama dekheM ki kyA isa zabda-sAmya meM gahare kahIM koI sAMskRtika sAmya pA~va dabAye baiThA hai ? yaha upayukta samaya hai jabaki hameM ukta sAre tathyoM ko samIkSA ke paTala para lenA cAhiye aura mohana-jo-dar3o kI khudAI meM prApta saMpUrNa sAmagrI kA purAtattva, itihAsa, paramparA, lipi, bhASA Adi kI dRSTi se sAvadhAna vizleSaNa/anusaMdhAna-adhyayana karanA cAhiye / [TippaNiyA~ : dekhiye; pariziSTa 1, pRSTha 21] mohana-jo-dar3o |
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________________ jaina paramparA aura pramANa mohana -jo-dar3o : jaina paramparA aura pramANa bhAratIya jaina zilpakalA kA prayojana kyA hai aura kyoM isakA itanA vikAsa huA - eka aisA viSaya hai, jisa para kAphI unmukta aura yuktiyukta vicAra honA cAhiye / jainadharma aura darzana vairAgyamUlaka haiM; unakA sambandha antarmukha sauMdarya se hai / kintu yaha jijJAsA sahaja hI mana meM uThatI hai ki kyA prantarmukha sauMdarya kI koI bAhya abhivyakti saMbhava nahIM hai ? koI kASTha, dhAtu yA pASANa khaNDa apane grApa bola uThe, yaha saMbhava hI nahIM hai; kyoMki yadi kisI pASANa-kASThakhaNDa Adi ko zilpAkRti lenI hotI to vaha svayaM vaisA kabhI kA kara cukA hotA; kintu aisA hai nahIM / bAta kucha aura hI hai / jaba taka koI sAdhaka / zilpI apanI bhavyatA ko pASANa meM layabaddha / tAlabaddha nahIM karatA, taba taka kisI bhI zilpAkRti meM prANa-pratiSThA asaMbhava hai / kASTha, miTTI, patthara, kA~sA, tA~bA - mAdhyama jo bhI ho - cetana kI taraMgoM kA rUpAMkana jaba taka koI zilpI una para nahIM karatA, ve gU~ge bane rahate haiM / mUrti jainoM ke lie sAdhanA / ArAdhanA kA Alambana hai / vaha sAdhya nahIM hai, sAdhana hai / usameM sthApanA nikSepa se bhagavattA kI parikalpanA kI jAtI hai / zilpI bhI vahI karatA hai / mohana-jo-dar3o meM jo sIleM (mudrAe~ ) milI haiM, bhI sAdhana haiM, sAdhya nahIM haiM; mArga haiM, gantavya nahIM haiM; kintu zilpa aura kalA, vAstu aura sthApatya ke mAdhyama itane sazakta haiM ki unake dvArA paramparA aura itihAsa ko preraka, pavitra aura kAlAtIta banAyA jA sakatA hai / jaina sthApatya aura mUrti - zilpa kA mukhya prayojana AtmA kI vizuddha ko prakaTa karanA aura zrAtmotthAna ke lie eka vyAvahArika/ sumadhura bhUmikA taiyAra karanA hai; isalie sauMdarya, manojJatA, praphullatA, sthitaprajJatA, ekAgratA, ArAdhanA, pUjA Adi ke isa mAdhyama ko hama 6
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________________ jitanA bhI yathArthamUlaka tathA bhavya banA sakate haiM, banAne kA prayatna karate haiM / inameM bhagavAn bhalA kahA~ haiM ? kaise ho sakate haiM ? phira bhI haiM aura hama unheM pA sakate haiM / mUrti kI bhavyatA isameM hai ki vaha svayaM sAdhaka meM upasthita ho aura sAdhaka kI sArthakatA isameM hai ki vaha mUrti meM samupasthita ho| ina donoM ke tAdAtmya meM hI sAdhanA kI saphalatA hai| mohana-jo-dar3o se prApta sIloM (mudrAoM) kI saba meM bar3I vizeSatA hai kalA kI dRSTi se unakA utkRSTa honaa| zarIra-gaThana aura kalA-saMyojana kI sUkSmatAoM aura sauMdarya kI saMtulita/mAnupAtika abhivyakti ne ina sIloM ko eka vizeSa kalA - saMpUrNatA pradAna kI hai| bahuta sAre viSayoM kA eka sAtha saphalatApUrvaka saMyojana ina sIloM kI vizeSatA hai| ukta dRSTi se bhArata sarakAra ke kendrIya purAtAttvika saMgrahAlaya meM surakSita sIla kra. 620/1628-29 samIkSya hai| isameM jaina viSaya aura purAtathya ko eka rUpaka ke mAdhyama se isa khUbI ke sAtha aMkita/ samAyojana kiyA gayA hai ki vaha jaina purAtattva aura itihAsa kI eka pratinidhi nidhi bana gaye haiN| na kevala purAtAttvika apitu itihAsa aura paramparA kI dRSTi se bhI isa sIla (mudrA) kA apanA mahattva hai| isameM dAyIM ora nagna kAyotsarga mudrA meM bhagavAn RSabhadeva haiM, jinake zirobhAga para eka trizUla hai, jo ratnatraya (samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra) kA pratIka hai / nikaTa hI natazIza haiM unake jyeSTha putra cakravartI bharata, jo uSNISa dhAraNa kiye hue rAjasI ThATha meM haiM / ve bhagavAn ke caraNoM meM aMjalibaddha bhaktipUrvaka natamastaka haiN| unake pIche vRSabha (baila) hai, jo RSabhanAtha kA cihna (pahacAna) hai| adhobhAga meM sAta pradhAna prAmAtya haiM, jo tatkAlIna rAjasI gaNaveza meM padAnukrama se paMktibaddha haiN| cakravartI bharata soca rahe haiM : 'RSabhanAtha kA adhyAtma-vaibhava aura merA pArthiva vaibhava !! kahA~ hai donoM meM koI sAmya ? ve aisI U~cAiyoM para haiM jahA~ taka mujha akiMcana kI koI pahu~ca nahIM hai|' bharata kI yaha niSkAma bhakti unheM kamala-dala para par3e prosa-bindu kI bhA~ti nilipta banAye hue hai / ve pAkicanya-bodhi se dhanya ho uThe haiM / 10 mohana-jo-dar3o
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________________ 'sarvArthasiddhi' 1-1 (prAcArya pUjyapAda) meM kahA hai : mUrttamiva mokSamArgavAgvisarga vapuSA nirUpayantam (ve ni:zabda hI apanI dehakRti mAtra se mokSamArga kA nirUpaNa karane vAle haiN)| zabda jahA~ ghuTane Teka detA hai, mUrti vahA~ saphala saMvAda banAtI hai| mUrti bhakti kA bhASAtIta mAdhyama hai| use apanI isa sahaja prakriyA meM kisI zabda kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| usakI apanI varNamAlA hai| isIlie miTTI, pASANa Adi ko prAtmasaMskRti kA pratIka mAnA gayA hai / kauna nahIM jAnatA ki mUrti pASANa Adi meM nahIM hotI; vaha hotI hai vastutaH mUrtikAra kI cetanA meM pUrvasthita, jise kalAkAra kramazaH utkIrNa karatA hai arthAt vaha kASTha Adi ke mAdhyama se AtmAbhivyaMjana yA prAtmapratibimbana karatA hai| pASANa jar3a hai; kintu usameM jo rUpAyita yA mUrtita hai vaha mahattvapUrNa hai / mUrti meM sampreSaNa kI aparimita UrjA hai| yahI UrjA yA kSamatA sAdhaka ko parama bhagavattA/paramAtmatattva se jor3atI hai arthAt sAdhaka isake mAdhyama se mUrtimAna taka apanI pahuMca banAtA hai| zilpazAstra prathamAnuyoga kA viSaya hai| vizuddha Atmabodhi se pUrva hama isI mAdhyama kI svIkRti para vivaza haiN| Agama kyA hai ? Agama mAdhyama hai samyaktva taka pahu~cane kA / Agama kevalI ke bodhidarpaNa kA pratibimba hai, jisakA anugamana hama zraddhA-bhakti dvArA kara sakate haiN| 'pAgama' zabda kI vyutpatti hai : Agamayati hitAhitaM bodhayati iti Agama: (jo hita-ahita kA bodha karAte haiM, ve Agama haiN)| tIrthaMkara kI divyavANI ko isIlie pAgama kahA gayA hai / __ kahA jA sakatA hai ki adhyAtma se purAtattva/mUrtizilpa Adi kI prAcInatA kA kyA sambandha hai ? isa silasile meM hama kaheMge ki zilpakalA Adi ke mAdhyama se Agama bodhagamya banatA hai aura hama bar3I AsAnI se usa kaMTakAkIrNa mArga para paga rakhane meM samartha hote haiN| ___ jainadharma kI prAcInatA nirvivAda hai / prAcInatA ke isa tathya ko hama do sAdhanoM se jAna sakate haiM -purAtattva aura itihAsa / jaina purAtattva kA prathama sirA kahA~ hai, yaha taya karanA kaThina hai; kyoMki mohana-jo-dar3o kI khudAI meM aisI kucha sAmagrI milI hai, jisane jainadharma kI prAcInatA ko Aja se kama-se-kama 5000 varSa aAge dhakela diyA hai|' sindhughATI se prApta mudrAoM ke adhyayana se spaSTa hanA hai ki jaina paramparA aura pramANa
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________________ 'kAyotsarga mudrA' jainoM kI apanI lAkSaNikatA hai / prApta mudrAoM kI tIna vizeSatAe~ haiM : kAyotsarga mudrA, dhyAnAvasthA aura nagnatA ( digambaratva ) | 3 mohanajodar3o kI sIloM para yogiyoM kI jo kAyotsarga mudrA aMkita hai usake sAtha vRSabha bhI hai / 'vRSabha' RSabhanAtha kA cihna ( lAMchana ) hai / 'padmacandra koza' meM RSabha kA vyutpattika artha diyA hai : 'saMpUrNa vidyAoM ke pAra jAne vAlA eka muni / ' hindU purANoM meM jo varNana milatA hai usameM RSabha aura bharata donoM ke vipula ullekha haiM / pahale mAnA jAtA rahA hai ki duSyantaputra bharata ke nAma se hI isa deza kA nAma bhArata huA; kintu aba yaha nirbhrAnta ho gayA hai ki bhArata RSabha - putra 'bharata' ke nAma para hI 'bhArata' kahalAyA / isakA pUrvanAma ajanAbhavarSa thA / nAbhi ( ajanAbha ) RSabha ke pitA the / unhIM ke nAma para yaha ajanAbhavarSa kahalAyA / 'varSa' kA artha hai 'deza' ; tadanusAra 'bhAratavarSa' kA artha huA 'bhAratadeza' / mohana-jo-dar3o kI saMketita sIla meM bharata cakravartI kI mUrti bhI ukerI gayI hai / ina sAre purAtathyoM kI vastuniSTha samIkSA kI jAnI cAhiye / sIla (dekhiye; isI pustikA kA mukhapRSTha ) ko jaba hama taphasIla - vAra yA vistAra meM dekhate haiM taba isameM hameM sAta viSaya dikhAyI dete hai : (1) RSabhadeva - nagna kAyotsargarata yogI / ( 2 ) praNAma kI mudrA meM natazIza bharata cakravartI / ( 3 ) trizUla / ( 4 ) kalpavRkSa puSpAvali / (5) mRdu latA / (6) vRSabha (baila) / (7) paMktibaddha gaNavezadhArI sAta pradhAna grAmAtya / nizcaya hI isa taraha kI saMracanA kA AdhAra pIche se calI pratI koI sudRr3ha sAMskRtika paramparA hI ho sakatI hai / pracalita loka-paramparA ke abhAva meM mAtra jainAgama ke anusAra isa taraha kI parikalpanA saMbhava nahIM hai / itihAsa meM hI hama apane prAcIna Rktha ( dharohara ) ko prAmANika rUpa meM surakSita pAte haiM / itihAsa, aitihya, aura grAmnAya samAnArthaka zabda haiM / itihAsa zabda kI vyutpatti ke anusAra isakA vAcyArtha hai : iti ha prAsIt ( nizcaya se aisA hI huA thA tathA paramparA se aisA hI hai ) / itihAsa asala meM dIpaka hai / jisa taraha eka dIpaka se hama vastu ke yathArtha rUpa ko dekha pAte 12 mohanajodar3o
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________________ haiM, ThIka vaise hI itihAsa se hameM purAtathyoM ko nirdhAnta sUcanA milatI hai| paramparA aura itihAsa meM kiMcit antara hai| itihAsa sthUla/ Thosa tathyoM para AdhArita hotA hai; paramparA lokamAnasa meM ubharatI aura AkAra grahaNa karatI hai| eka pIr3hI jina AsthAoM, svIkRtiyoM aura pravacanoM ko AgAmI pIr3hI ko sauMpatI hai, paramparA unase banatI hai| paramparAgoM kA koI san-saMvat nahIM hotaa| vaise isa zabda ke nAnArtha haiM / eka artha purAsAmagrI bhI hai / paramparA arthAt eka sudIrgha atIta se jo avicchinna calA A rahA hai vaha / yogiyoM kI bhI eka avicchinna aTUTa paramparA rahI hai| yoga-vidyA kSatriyoM kI apanI maulikatA hai| kSatriyoM ne hI use dvijoM ko hastAntarita kiyA / ' aisA lagatA hai ki sindhughATI ke utkhanana meM prApta sIleM eka sudIrgha paramparA kI pratinidhi haiM / ve Akasmika nahIM haiM, apitu eka sthApita satya ko prakaTa karatI haiN| bhAratIya itihAsa, saMskRti aura sAhitya ne isa tathya ko puSTa kiyA hai ki sindhughATI kI sabhyatA jaina sabhyatA thii|" sindhughATI ke saMskAra jaina saMskAra the| isase yaha upapatti banatI hai ki sindhughATI meM prApta yogamUrti, Rgvaidika varNana ; tathA bhAgavata, viSNu Adi purANoM meM RSabhanAtha kI kathA Adi isa tathya ke sAkSya haiM ki jainadharma prAgvaidika hI nahIM varan sindhughATI sabhyatA se bhI kahIM adhika prAcIna hai| zrI nIlakaNThadAsa sAhU ke zabdoM meM : 'jainadharma saMsAra kA mUla adhyAtma dharma hai / isa deza meM vaidika dharma ke Ane se bahuta pahale se hI yahA~ jainadharma pracalita thaa| khUba saMbhava hai ki prAgvaidikoM meM zAyada dravir3oM meM yaha dharma thaa| kucha aise zabda haiM, jo jaina paramparA meM rUr3ha bana gaye haiN| DaoN0 maMgaladeva zAstrI kA kathana hai ki 'vAtarazana' zabda jaina muni ke artha meM rUr3ha ho gayA thaa| unakI mAnyatA hai ki 'zramaNa' zabda kI bhA~ti hI 'vAtarazana' zabda muni-sampradAya ke lie prayukta thaa| muniparamparA ke prAgvaidika hone meM do mata nahIM haiM / DaoN. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla bhAratIya itihAsa/vAGgamaya ke jAne-mAne vidvAn rahe haiN| unhoMne bhI svIkAra kiyA hai ki bhArata jaina paramparA aura pramANa
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________________ kA nAma RSabha ke jyeSTha putra bharata ke nAma para hI bhAratavarSa huaa| isase pahale bhrAntivaza unhoMne duSyanta-putra bharata ke kAraNa ise bhArata abhihita kiyA thA / jainoM kA itihAsa bahuta prAcIna hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra se pUrva teIsa aura jaina tIrthaMkara hue haiM, jinameM sarvaprathama haiM RSabhanAtha / sarvaprathama hone ke kAraNa hI unheM AdinAtha bhI kahA jAtA hai| jaina kalA meM unakI jo mudrA aMkita hai vaha eka gahana tapazcaryArata mahAyogI kI hai / bhAgavata meM RSabhanAtha kA vistRta jIvana-varNana hai / '' jaina darzana ke anusAra yaha jagat anAdinidhana hai arthAt isakA na koI ora hai aura na chora / yaha rUpAntarita hotA hai; kintu apane mUla meM yaha yathAvat rahatA hai| yuga badalate haiM; kintu vastu-svarUpa nahIM bdltaa| dravya nitya hai, usakA rUpAntaraNa saMbhava hai; kintu dhrauvya asaMdigdha hai| Aja jo yuga cala rahA hai vaha karmayuga hai| mAnA jAtA hai ki yaha yuga karor3oM varSa pUrva prAraMbha huA thaa| usa samaya bhagavAn RSabhanAtha yuga-pradhAna the| asi (rakSA), masi (vyApAra), kRSi (khetI) aura adhyAtma (AtmavidyA) ko zikSA unhoMne dii| unhoMne prajAjanoM ko, jo karmapatha se anabhijJa the; bIja, cakra, aMka aura akSara diye| karmayuga kI yaha paramparA taba se avicchinna calI A rahI hai| RSabhanRpa dIrghakAla taka zAsana karate rahe / unhoMne una kaThina dinoM meM janatA ko suzikSita kiyA aura unakI bAdhAoM, vyavadhAnoM aura duvidhAoM kA anta kiyaa| anta meM Atmazuddhi ke nimitta unhoMne zramaNatva grahaNa kara liyA aura durddhara tapazcaryA meM nimagna ho gye| svayaM dvArA sthApita paramparAoM aura pravartanoM ke anusAra unhoMne jyeSTha putra bharata ko apanA saMpUrNa rAjapATa sauMpA aura parigraha ko jar3amUla se chor3a kara ve vairAgyonmukha ho gaye; phalata: ve parama jJAtA-dRSTA bne| unhoMne apanI samasta indriyoM ko jIta liyA, ataH ve 'jina' kahalAye / 'jina' kI vyutpatti hai : jayati iti jinaH (jo svayaM ko jItatA hai, vaha jina hai)| kaivalya-prApti ke bAda unhoMne janatA ko adhyAtma kA upadeza diyA aura batAyA ki Atmopalabdhi ke upAya kyA haiM ? cUMki unakA mohana-jo-dar3o
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________________ jaina paramparA aura pramANa upanAma 'jina' thA, ataH unake dvArA pravartita dharma jainadharma kahalAyA / isa taraha jainadharma vizva kA sarvaprathama dharma banA / bhagavAn RSabhanAtha kA varNana vedoM meM nAnA saMdarbhoM meM milatA hai / kaI mantroM meM unakA nAma AyA hai / mohana -jo-dar3o (sindhughATI) meM pA~ca haz2Ara varSa pUrva ke jo purAvazeSa mile haiM unase bhI yahI siddha hotA hai ki unake dvArA pravartita dharma haz2AroM sAla purAnA hai / miTTI kI jo sIleM vahA~ milI haiM, unameM RSabhanAtha kI nagna yogimUrti hai / unheM kAyotsarga mudrA meM ukerA gayA hai / unakI isa digambara khaDgAsanI mudrA ke sAtha unakA cihna baila bhI kisI-na-kisI rUpa meM kita huA hai| ina sAre tathyoM se yaha siddha hotA hai ki jainoM kA astitva mohana-jo-dar3o kI sabhyatA se adhika prAcIna hai / zrI rAmaprasAda candA ne agasta, 1932 ke 'mADarna rivyU' meM kAyotsarga mudrA ke sambandha meM vistAra se likhA hai ( dekhiye isI pustikA kA antima prAvaraNa - pRSTha ) / unhoMne isa mudrA ko jainoM kI viziSTa dhyAna - mudrA kahA hai aura mAnA hai ki jainadharma prAgvaidika hai, usakA sindhughATI kI sabhyatA para vyApaka prabhAva thA / mohana-jo-dar3o kI khudAI meM upalabdha mRNmudrAoM (sIloM) meM yogiyoM kI jo dhyAnastha mudrAe~ haiM, ve jainadharma kI prAcInatA ko siddha karatI haiM / vaidika yuga meM vrAtyoM aura zramaraNoM 12 kI paramparA kA honA bhI jainoM ke prAgvaidika hone ko pramANita karatA hai / vrAtya kA artha mahAvratI hai / isa zabda kA vAcyArtha hai : 'vaha vyakti jisane svecchayA AtmAnuzAsana ko svIkAra kiyA hai'| isa anumAna kI bhI spaSTa puSTi huI hai ki RSabha pravartita paramparA, jo Age cala kara ziva meM jA milI, vedacacita hone ke sAtha hI vedapUrva bhI hai / 13 jisa taraha mohana jodar3o meM prApta sIloM kI kAyotsarga - mudrA prAkasmika nahIM hai, usI taraha veda-varita RSabha nAma bhI Akasmika nahIM hai, vaha bhI eka sudIrgha paramparA kA dyotaka hai, vikAsa hai / Rgveda ke dazama maNDala meM jina pratIndriyadarzI vAtarazana muniyoM kI carcA hai, ve jaina muni hI haiM / zrI rAmaprasAda candA ne apane lekha meM jisa sIla kA varNana diyA hai, usameM aMkita / utkIriNata RSabha - mUrti ko RSabha - mUrtiyoM kA purakhA kahA jA sakatA hai / dhyAnastha RSabhanAtha, trizUla, kalpavRkSa - puSpAvali, 15
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________________ bhagavAn RSabhanAtha : kAyotsarga-mudrA meM vRSabha, madu latA, bharata aura sAta maMtrI Adi mahattvapUrNa tathya haiM / jaina vAGgamaya se ina tathyoM kI puSTi hotI hai|4 itihAsavettA zrI rAdhAkumuda mukarjI ne bhI isa tathya ko mAnA hai / 15 mathurA-saMgrahAlaya meM bhI RSabha kI isI taraha kI mUrti surakSita hai / 16 zrI pI. sI. rAya ne mAnA hai ki magadha meM pASANayuga ke bAda kRSiyuga kA pravartana RSabhayuga meM huaa| zrI candA ne jisa sIla kA vistRta vivaraNa diyA hai, vaha paramparA jaina sAhitya meM Azcaryajanaka rUpa se surakSita hai| prAcArya vIrasena dvArA racita 'dhavalA'18, vimalasUri dvArA racita prAkRta grantha 'paumacariyaM'16 evaM jinasenakRta 'AdipurANa'20 ko kArikAoM/ gAthAnoM meM jo varNana milate haiM unameM tathA ukta sIla meM bimbapratibimba bhAva dekhA jA sakatA hai / ina varNanoM ke sUkSmatara adhyayana se patA calatA hai ki isa taraha kI koI mudrA avazya hI vyApaka pracalana meM rahI hogI; kyoMki mohana-jo-dar3o kI sIla meM aMkita prAkRtiyoM tathA jaina sAhitya meM upalabdha varNanoM kA yaha sAmya Akasmika nahIM ho sktaa| nizcaya hI yaha eka avicchinna paramparA kI Thosa pariNati hai| yadi hama pUrvokta granthoM ke vivaraNoM ko sIla ke vivaraNoM se samanvita kareM to saMpUrNa sthiti kI spaSTa vyAkhyA isa prakAra saMbhava hai : purudeva (RSabhadeva) nagna khaDgAsana kAyotsarga mudrA meM avasthita haiM unake zIrSopari bhAga para trizUla abhimaNDita hai yaha ratnatraya kI zilpAkRti hai komala divyadhvani ke pratIka rUpa eka latA-parNamukhamaNDala ke pAsa suzobhita hai21 do Udhvarga kalpavRkSa-zAkhAe~ haiM puSpa-phalayukta, mahAyogI usase pariveSTita haiM yaha bhakti-prApya phala kI dyotaka hai cakravartI bharata bhagavAn ke caraNoM meM aMjalibaddha praNAma-mudrA meM natazIza hai22 bharata ke pIche vRSabha hai, jo bhagavAn RSabhanAtha kA cihna (lAMchana) hai adhobhAga meM haiM apane rAjakIya gaNaveza meM sAta mantrI mohana-jo-dar3o
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________________ jinake padanAma haiM - mANDalika rAjA, grAmAdhipati, janapada adhikArI, durgAdhikArI (gRha maMtrI), bhaNDArI (kRSivitta mantrI), SaDaMga balAdhikArI (rakSA mantrI), mitra (pararASTra mantrI) / mohana-jo-dar3o kI mudrAoM meM utkIriNata ina tathyoM kA sthUla bhASya saMbhava nahIM hai; kyoMki paramparAoM aura lokAnubhavoM ko chor3a kara yadi hama ina sIloM kI vyAkhyA karate haiM to yaha vyAkhyA na to yathArthaparaka hogI aura na hI vaijJAnika / jaba taka hama isa tathya ko ThIka se AtmasAta nahIM kareMge ki mohana-jo-dar3o kI sabhyatA para yogiyoM kI AtmavidyA kI spaSTa praticchAyA hai, taba taka ina tathyoM ke sAtha nyAya kara pAnA saMbhava nahIM hogA; ata: itihAsa vidoM aura purAtattvavettAoM ko cAhiye ki ve prApta tathyoM ko paravartI sAhitya kI chAyA meM dekheM khojeM aura taba koI niSkarSa leN| vAstava meM isI taraha ke tulanAtmaka aura vyApaka, vastuniSTha aura gahana vizleSaNa se hI yaha saMbhava ho pAyegA ki hamAre sAmane koI vastusthiti Aye / mRdu latA-parNa aba hama una pratIkoM kI carcA kareMge, jo mohana-jo-dar3o ke avazeSoM meM mile haiM aura jaina sAhitya meM bhI jinakA upayoga huyA hai / yahA~ taka ki inameM se kucha pratIka to Aja taka jaina jIvana meM pratiSThita haiN| saba meM pahale hama 'svastika' ko lete haiN| sindhughATI se prApta kucha sIloM meM svastika (sA~thiyA) bhI upalabdha hai / 23 isase yaha niSkarSa prApta hotA hai ki sindhughATI ke lokajIvana meM svastika eka mAMgalika pratIka thA / sA~thiyA Aja bhI jainoM meM vyApaka rUpa meM pUjya aura pracalita hai| ise jaina granthoM, jaina maMdiroM, aura jaina dhvajAoM para aMkita dekhA jA sakatA hai / vyApAriyoM meM isakA vyApaka pracalana hai| dIpAvalI para jaba naye khAte-bahiyoM kA prAraMbha kiyA jAtA hai, taba sA~thiyA mA~r3A jAtA hai| svastika jaina jIva-siddhAnta kA bhI pratIka hai| ise caturgati kA sUcaka mAnA gayA hai| jIva kI cAra gatiyA~ variNata haiM : naraka, tiryaMca, manuSya, deva / svastika ke zirobhAga para tIna bindu rakhe jAte haiM, jo ratnatraya ke pratIka haiN| ina tIna binduoM ke Upara eka sA~thiyA (1) jaina paramparA aura pramANa 17
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________________ candrabindu hotA hai jo kramazaH lokAgra aura nirvANa kA paricAyaka hai / 'svasti' kA eka artha kalyANa bhI hai / ___ 'trizUla' dUsarA mahattvapUrNa pratIka hai, jo sindhughATI kI sIloM para to aMkita hai hI, jaina granthoM meM bhI jisakI carcA milatI hai / trizUla Aja bhI lokajIvana meM kucha zaiva sAdhunoM dvArA rakhA jAtA hai / jaina paramparA meM trizUla ko ratnatraya kA pratinidhi mAnA gayA hai / triratna haiM : samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna, samyakcAritra / isakI carcA 'dhavalA' 24, 'pAdipurANa' 25, 'purudeva campU'24 meM milatI hai / trizUla ko jainoM kA 'jaitra' astra kahA gayA hai| tIsarA hai kalpavRkSa / yaha kAyotsarga mudrA meM khar3I RSabhamUrti ke pariveSTana ke rUpa meM utkIriNata hai| 'AdipurANa' tathA 'saMgIta samayasAra' meM isake vivaraNa milate haiM / 27 trizUla arhadAsa ne mRdu latAlaMkRta mukhaH kaha kara mRdu latA-pallava kA AdhAra upalabdha karA diyA hai / 28 - bharata cakravartI zraddhAbhaktipUrvaka RSabhamUrti ke sammukha aMjali bA~dhe namana-mudrA meM upasthita haiN| prAcArya jinasena, vimalasUri Adi ne bharata kI isa mudrA kA tathA unake dvArA RSabhArcana kA varNana kiyA hai / 26 tulanAtmaka adhyayana aura vyApaka anusaMdhAna se hama sahaja hI isa niSkarSa para pahu~cate haiM ki mohana-jo-daDo kI sIla para jo rUpaka aMkita hai vaha jana-jIvana ke lie suparicita, praur3ha, pracalita rUpaka hai anyathA vaha vahA~ se chana kara kavi-paramparA meM isa taraha kyoM kara sthApita hotA? eka tathya aura dhyAna dene yogya hai ki brAhmaNoM ko adhyAtmavidyA kSatriyoM se pUrva prApta nahIM thii| unheM yaha kSatriyoM se milI, jisakA ve ThIka se pallavana nahIM kara paaye| 'chAndogya upaniSad' meM isakI jhalaka milatI hai / 30 isase pahale ki hama isa pustikA ko samApta kareM kucha aise tathyoM ko aura jAneM jinakA jainadharma aura jaina samAja kI maulikatAnoM se sambandha hai| jainadharma AtmasvAtantryamUlaka dharma hai| usane na sirpha manuSya balki prANimAtra kI svatantratA kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| jIva to sA~thiyA (2) 18 mohana-jo-dar3o
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________________ kalpavRkSa-puSpAvali svAdhIna hai hI, yahA~ taka ki paramANu-mAtra bhI svAdhIna hai| kula chaH dravya haiM / pratyeka svAdhIna hai| koI kisI para nirbhara nahIM hai| na koI dravya kisI kI sattA meM hastakSepa karatA hai aura na hI hone detA hai / vastuta: lokasvarUpa hI aisA hai ki yahA~ saMpUrNa yAtAyAta atyanta svAdhIna calatA hai| jainoM kA karmasiddhAnta bhI isI svAtantrya para AdhArita hai| zrI jugamandaralAla jainI ne AtmasvAtantrya ke isa siddhAnta ko bahuta hI sarala zabdoM meM vivecita kiyA hai|31 isa bhrama ko bhI hameM dUra kara lenA cAhiye ki jaina aura bauddha dharma samakAlIna pravartana haiN| vAstavikatA yaha hai ki bauddhadharma jainadharma kA paravartI hai| svayaM gautama buddha ne prAraMbha meM jainadharma ko svIkAra kiyA thA; kintu ve usakI kaThoratAmoM kA pAlana nahIM kara sake, ataH madhyama mArga kI ora cale Aye / 2 isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki bauddhadharma bhale hI vedoM ke khilApha rahA ho; kintu jainadharma jo prAgvaidika hai, kabhI kisI dharma ke viruddha nahIM uThA yA pravartita huaa| usakA apanA svatantra vikAsa hai| saMpUrNa jaina vAGgamaya meM kahIM kisI kA virodha nahIM hai| jainadharma samanvayamUlaka dharma hai, vivAdamUlaka nahIM - usake isa vyaktitva se bhI usake prAcIna hone kA tathya puSTa hotA hai| yahA~ zrI pI. prAra. dezamukha ke grantha 'iMDasa sivilAijezana eMDa hindU kalcara' ke kucha niSkarSoM kI bhI carcA kreNge| zrI dezamukha ne spaSTa zabdoM meM kahA hai, 'jainoM ke pahale tIrthaMkara sindhu sabhyatA se hI the| sindhujanoM ke deva nagna hote the| jaina logoM ne usa sabhyatA saMskRti ko banAye rakhA aura nagna tIrthaMkaroM kI pUjA kii|'33 ___ isI taraha unhoMne sindhughATI kI bhASika saMracanA kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| likhA hai : 'sindhujanoM kI bhASA prAkRta thii| prAkRta jana-sAmAnya kI bhASA hai| jainoM aura hindunoM meM bhArI bhASika bheda hai| jainoM ke samasta prAcIna dhArmika graMtha prAkRta meM haiM; vizeSatayA ardhamAgadhI meM ; jabaki hinduoM ke samasta grantha saMskRta meM haiM / prAkRta bhASA ke prayoga se bhI yaha siddha hotA hai ki jaina prAgvaidika haiM aura unakA sindhughATI sabhyatA se sambandha thA / '34 praNAta-mudrA meM bharata cakravartI unakA yaha bhI niSkarSa hai ki jaina kathA-sAhitya meM vANijyika kathAe~ adhika haiN| unakI vahA~ bharamAra hai, jabaki hindU granthoM meM isa 16 jaina paramparA aura pramANa
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________________ taraha kI kathAoM kA abhAva hai| sindhughATI kI sabhyatA meM eka vANijyika kaoNmanaveltha (rASTrakula) kA anumAna lagatA hai| tathyoM ke vizleSaNa se patA lagatA hai ki jainoM kA vyApAra samudra-pAra taka phailA huA thaa| unakI huMDiyAM calatI/sikaratI thiiN| vyApArika dRSTi se ve 'mor3I' lipi kA upayoga karate the| yadi lipi-bodha ke bAda kucha tathya sAmane Aye to hama jAna pAyeMge ki kisa taraha jainoM ne pA~ca sahasra pUrva eka suvikasita vyApAra-tantra kA vikAsa kara liyA thaa|35 ina sAre tathyoM se jainadharma kI prAcInatA pramANita hotI hai / prastuta pustikA mAtra eka prAraMbha hai; abhI isa saMdarbha meM paryApta anusaMdhAna kiyA jAnA caahiye| rAjasI gaNaveza meM eka mantrI [TippariNayAM : dekhiye; pariziSTa 2, pRSTha 23] mohana-jo-dar3o
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________________ pariziSTa 1 : TippariNayA~ (prAmukha) 1. Mohen-jo-daro; the 'Mound of the Dead'; Sind Five Thousand Years ago; by Ramprasad Chanda; Modern Review, Aug. 1932; p 152. 2. Mohen-jo-daro, the Mound of the Dead', situated in Larkana District in Sind, stands on a long narrow strip of land between the main bed of the Indus and the western Naro loop (27deg19'N. and 68deg8' E)-do-. 3. -do-; 1922-27; p. 152. 4. -do-;p. 152. 5. "RSabhadeva kI kRccha sAdhanA kA mela Rgveda kI pravRttimArgI dhArA se nahIM baitthtaa| vedollikhita hone para bhI RSabhadeva vedapUrva paramparA ke pratinidhi haiN|" -saMskRti ke cAra adhyAya; rAmadhArIsiMha dinakara; pR. 130 / "vidvAnoM kA abhimata hai ki yaha dharma prAgaitihAsika aura prAgvaidika hai| sindhu ghATI kI sabhyatA meM milI yogimUrti tathA Rgveda ke katipaya mantroM meM RSabha aura ariSTanemi jaise tIrthaMkaroM ke nAma isa vicAra ke mukhya AdhAra haiM / 'bhAgavata' aura 'viSNUpurANa' meM milane vAlI jaina tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva kI kathA bhI jainadharma kI prAcInatA ko vyakta karatI hai|" -bhAratIya itihAsa aura saMskRti ; DaoN. vizuddhAnanda/DaoN. jayazaMkara mizra; bhAratIya vidyA prakAzana, 108, kacaur3I galI, vArANasI; pRSTha 166 / 6. No. 620/1928-29; Mohen-jo-daro; Seal; AST Govt. of India; Modern Review (Calcutta) Aug. 1932; Sind Five Thousand Years Ago by Ramprasad Chanda; Plate II; Seal f - Seal with Standing diety and bull. 7. -do-; Seal d,e,f,g,h,i. 8. "vastutaH jainadharma saMsAra meM mUla adhyAtma dharma hai| isa deza meM vaidika dharma ke Ane ke bahuta hI pahale se sahI meM jainadharma pracalita thA / khuba saMbhava hai ki prAgvaidikoM meM zAyada dravir3oM meM yaha dharma thaa|" - ur3IsA meM jainadharma; nIlakaNThadAsa, bhuvanezvara; pra. 3; akhila vizva jana mizana, alIgaMja, eTA; 1958 / 9. -do-; Seal c & f. Seal no. 337, p. 155. 10. -do-; Seal b& f. 11. Sind Five Thousand Years Ago by Ramprasad Chanda; Modern Review, Calcutta, August 1932, pp.151-160. 12. The Indus Script, Texts, Concordance and Tables by Irvatham Mahadevan; ASI. New Delhi. 13. Sind Five Thousand Years Ago by Ramprasad Chanda; Modern Review, Calcutta, Aug. 1932; pp. 157, 158. 21
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________________ 14. Who were the Indus People? : Review of teh book written by Mahadevan in Sunday Standard Aug. 19, 1979 by S. B. ROY; See fn. 12. 15. -do 16. jaina vyApArI jisa lipi kA upayoga paramparayA karate rahe haiM use "mor3I" kahA jAtA hai / yaha ghasITa likhAI hai| isameM tvarA kA mahattva hai| yaha dakSiNa bhArata se saMbaddha mAnI jAtI hai| - mAnaka hindI, koza; bhAga 4; pRSTha 421; rAmacandra varmA / 17. AdinAtha, brahmA, mahAyogI, Adideva, mahAdeva, prajApati Adi / 18. "RSabhadeva ne hI saMbhavataH lipividyA ke lie kauzala kA udbhAvana kiyA / RSabhadeva ne hI saMbhavataH brahmavidyA kI zikSA ke lie upayogI brAhmI lipi kA pracAra kiyA thaa|" -hindI vizvakoza, prathama bhAga, saMpAdakanagendranAtha vasu; pRSTha 64; purudeva campU; mahAkavi arhaddAsa; SaSTha stavaka 36, 40 / 19. "brahmA devAnAM prathamaH saMbabhUva vizvasya kartA bhUvanasya goptA / sa brahmavidyAM sarvavidyApratiSThAmatharvAya jyeSThaputrAya prAha / " ---muNDakopaniSad 1.1 -devatAoM meM sarvaprathama brahmA utpanna hue| ve vizva ke kartA; asi, kRSi, masi, vANijya, zilpa aura vidyA ke saMpradAtA the; isIlie tInoM bhuvanoM ke rakSaka the / unhoMne samasta vidyAoM meM pratiSThita brahmavidyA (adhyAtma vidyA) apane jyeSTha putra atharva - bharata - ke nimitta khii|
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________________ pariziSTa 2:TippariNayA~ [ phAiva thAujeMDa iarsa egoH rAmaprasAda candA: 'maoNDarna rivya', kalakattAH agasta 1932 (de. pri.)| 2. atIta kA anAvaraNa ; prAcArya tulasI, muni nathamala ; bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI 1969; pR. 16 / 3. padmacandra koza, pR. 465; RSabhadeva (pu.) 1. RSa+abhaka jAnA, diva=ac (saMpUrNa vidyAnoM meM pAra jAne vAlA eka muni); 2. jainoM kA pahalA tIrthakara / 4. mArkaNDeya purANa : sAMskRtika adhyayana; DaoN. vAsudeva zaraNa agravAla ; pR. 22-24 / 5. AdipurANa 1/25; prAcArya jinasena / 6. pratiSThAtilaka 18/1; nemicandra / 7. bhAratIya darzana, pR. 63; vAcaspati gairolA / 8, ur3IsA meM jainadharma; DaoN. lakSmInArAyaNa sAha; zrI akhila jaina mizana, eTA; gra. pra., u; 1956 / 6. 'navanIta', hindI mAsika, bambaI; DaoN. maMgaladeva zAstrI; jUna 1674; pR. 66 / 10. de. Ti. kra. 4 / 11. jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa, pUrva pIThikA; paM. kailAzacanda zAstrI; bhUmikA- DaoN. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla; pR. 8 / 12. bhAratIya darzana; vAcaspati gairolA; pR. 63 / 13. saMskRti ke cAra adhyAya; rAmadhArI siMha dinakara; pR. 36 / 14. Adi tIrthakara bhagavAna RSabhadeva; DaoN. kAmatAprasAda jaina; pR. 138 / 16. -vahI-; pR. 23 / / 17. jainijma ina bihAra; pI. sI. rAya caudharI; pR. 7 / 18. chakkhaMDA- maMgalAyaraNa; 1/1/25 prAcArya vIrasena; (tirayaNa tisUla dhaariy)| 16. paumacariyaM; vimalasUri; 4.68-66 / 20. AdipurANa; prAcArya jinasena 24/73-74 / 21. purudevacampUprabandha 1/1; zrImad arhaddAsa (divyadhvani mRdulatAlaMkRtamukhaH) / 22. paumacariyaM; vimalasUri; 4/68-66 / 23. bhArata meM saMskRti evaM dharma; DaoN. ema. ela. zarmA; pR. 16 / 24. de. Ti. kra. 18 / 25. AdipurANa; prAcArya jinasena 1/4; (ratnatrayaM jainaM jaitramastraM jayatyadaH) / 26. purudevacampUprabandha; zrImadarhaddAsa 5; (ratnatrayaM rAjati jaitrmstrN)| 27. AdipurANa; prAcArya jinasena; 15/36; saMgIta samayasAra; prAcArya pArzvadeva 7/66 / 28. de. Ti. kra. 21 / 26. AdipurANa; 24/77-78; AcArya jinasena; paumacariyaM 4/68-69; vimalasUri / 30. chAndogya upaniSad, zAMkara bhASya 5/7 / 31. aAuTalAinsa oNpha jainijma; jugamaMdaralAla jaina; pR. 344 / 32. majjhimanikAya (pAli) 12 mahAsihanAda suttaM; pR. 605 / 33. iMDasa sivilAz2a zana, Rgveda eMDa hindU kalcara; pI. Ara. dezamukha ; pR. 364 / 34. -vahI--; pR. 367 / 35. --vahI-; pR. 365 / 23
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________________ elAcArya muni zrI vidyAnandajI aura purAtattva elAcArya muni zrI vidyAnandajI kA janma 22 apraila, 1925 ko karnATaka ke zeDavAla grAma meM huA aura muni dIkSA saMpanna huI 25 julAI, 1963 ko dillI meM / digambara jaina sAdhu kI kaThora sAdhanA aura usakI aparihArya maryAdAoM se sabhI paricita haiM; itane para bhI munizrI kA nirantara sRjanonmukha (krieTivha) bane raha kara adhyAtma aura purAtattva kI khojayAtrA, svayaM meM eka bahuta bar3I upalabdhi hai / mumukSA aura jijJIpsA ( prAmANika jAnane kI icchA) ke teja pahiyoM para Agama aura AcAra ke ratha ko atyanta Azvasta bhAva se daur3AnA unakA apanA parAkrama aura puruSArtha hai / jahA~ eka ora unameM zrAdhyAtmika prayogazAlA dina-rAta sakriya hai, vahIM dUsarI prora unameM jaina purAtattva aura itihAsa ke tathyoM ke Alor3ana kI yuktiyukta prakriyA bhI avirAma dhar3akatI hai| ve jisa bhI viSaya ko gaveSaNA ke lie lete haiM usakI tamAma gaharAiyoM aura vistRtiyoM kI bArIka-sebArIka jAnakArI hAsila kiye binA caina nahIM lete| yaha grantha, vaha pANDulipi; yaha san, vaha saMvat; yaha pratimA, vaha zilAlekha; yaha citra, vaha phoTogrApha-- koI vastu yA vAstu ho ve taba taka apanI khojayAtrA meM nahIM rukate jaba taka spaSTa aura asaMdigdha nahIM lete / kisI kAma ko AdhA-adhUrA chor3anA unakA saMskAra nahIM hai / purAtattva kI khojayAtrA zurU huI 1946 I. se / pahalA par3Ava banA nAlandA (dakSiNa bihAra ) kI utkhanana sAmagrI kA paridarzana / 1652 I. meM unhoMne tAtyA sAhaba copar3e kI kRti 'bhagavAna RSabhadeva' par3hI, jisameM lekhaka ne 'mohana-jo-dar3o' kA prasaMga uThAyA hai| par3hate hI unakA purAtattva- ruci mRga kulAMceM bharane lagA aura ve mohana-jo-dar3o ke saMdarbha meM jaina paramparA aura pramANoM kA Akalana karane meM juTa gaye / bra. sItalaprasAdajI kI pustikA 'baMgAla, bihAra, ur3IsA ke prAcIna smAraka' (1923 I.) ne unakI manISA ko jhakajhorA aura ve 1958 meM udayagiri-khaNDagiri tathA kalakattA- sthita 'nezanala lAyabrerI' meM apanI jJAnapipAsA bujhAte rahe / 1954 I. meM unhoMne bambaI purAtattva saMgrahAlaya dekhA aura isI krama meM 1973 I. meM ve mathurA ke myUjiyama meM 2-3 dina ruke / ye hI kucha kAraNa haiM ki pASANa bhI unase dila khola kara saMvAda karate haiM aura apane mana ke sAre bheda niHsaMkoca prakaTa kara dete haiN| jisa niSThA se ve 'SaTkhaNDAgama' kA svAdhyAya karate haiM, hU-ba-hU vaisI hI niSThA se purAtathyoM kI gahana / sUkSmatara chAnabIna karate haiM / prastuta kRti unake aise hI sindhu-maMthana kI bhavya phalazruti hai / 'mohana-jo-dar3o' ke saMdarbha meM unakA niSkarSa hai : "sindhughATI meM jainoM kA vyApaka prabhAva thA, ataH isase saMbandhita pramANoM aura jaina vAGmayika paramparAoM kI sUkSmatara chAnabIna kI jAnI cAhiye / " munizrI aura jaina kIrtistambha (cittaur3a )
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________________ mahAyogI RSabhanAtha mohana-jo-dar3o : kAyotsarga mudrA meM sAdhanArata mahAyogI RSabhanAtha Not only the seated deities engraved on some of Indus Seals are in Yoga posture and bear witness to the prevalence of Yoga in the Indus Valley in the remote age, the standing deities on the Seals also show Kayotsarga posture of Yoga (p.159). *The Kayotsarga (dedication of the body) posture is peculiarly Jain. It is a posture, not of sitting, but of standing. In the Adipurana, Book XVIII, Kayotsarga posture is described in connection with the penances of Rishabha or Vrishabha, the first Jina of the Jinas (p. 158)." "A standing image of Jina Rishabha in Kayotsarga posture on a stele showing four such images assignable to the second century A. D. in Curzon Museum of Archaeology, Mathura, is reproduced in Fig. 12. Among the Egyptian sculptures of the time of the early dynasties (III-VI) there are standing statues with arms hanging on two sides. But though these early Egyptian statues, and the archaic Greek Kouroi show nearly the same pose, they lack the feeling of abandon that characterizes the standing figures on the Indus Seals and Images of Jinas in the Kayotsarga posture. The name Rishabha means bull, and the bull is the emblem of Jina Rishabha (p. 159)."* "sindhu ghATI kI aneka sIloM meM utkIriNata devamUrtiyA~ na kevala baiThI huI yogamudrA meM haiM aura sudUra atIta meM sindhughATI meM yoga ke pracalana kI sAkSI haiM apitu khar3I haI devamUrtiyA~ bhI haiM jo kAyotsarga mudrA ko prazita karatI haiM (pR. 156) / " "kAyotsarga (deha-visarjana) mudrA vizeSatayA jaina mudrA hai| yaha baiThI haI nahIM, khar3I huI hai| 'AdipurANa' ke aThArahaveM adhyAya meM jinoM-meM-prathama jina RSabha, yA vRSabha kI tapazcaryA ke silasile meM kAyotsarga mudrA kA varNana hayA hai (pR. 158) / " __ "karjana myUjiyama oNpha prAkyiolaoNjI, mathurA meM surakSita eka prastara-paTa para utkIriNata cAra mUrtiyoM meM se eka RSabha jina kI khar3I huI mUrti kAyotsarga mudrA meM hai (isa lekha kI prAkRti 12) / yaha IsA kI dvitIya zatAbdI kI hai / misra ke prArambhika rAjavaMzoM ke samaya kI zilpa-kRtiyoM meM bhI donoM ora hAtha laTakAye khar3I kucha mUrtiyA~ prApta haiN| yadyapi ina prAcIna misrI mUrtiyoM aura yUnAna kI kurAI mUrtiyoM kI mudrAe~ bhI vaisI hI haiM; tathApi vaha dehotsargajanita niHsaMgatA, jo sindhughATI kI sIloM para aMkita mUrtiyoM tathA kAyosagai dhyAna-mudrA meM lIna jina-bimboM meM pAyI jAtI hai, inameM anupasthita hai| vRSabha kA artha hai baila aura yaha baila vRSabha yA RSabha jina kA cihna (pahacAna) hai (pR. 156) / * * Sind Five Thousand Years Ago by Ramprasad Chanda; Modern Review, Calcutta, August, 1932; pp. 158, 159. * sindha phAiva thAujeMDa iarsa ego; rAmaprasAda candA; maoNrDana rivyU kalakattA; agasta 1932; pR. 158-59. Ja Education International