Mahavira Vardhaman

Author(s): Jagdishchandra Jain
Publisher: Vishvavani Karyalaya Ilahabad
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/010418/1

Page #1
THE FREE INDOLOGICAL COLLECTION WWW.SANSKRITDOCUMENTS.ORG/TFIC FAIR USE DECLARATION This book is sourced from another online repository and provided to you at this site under the TFIC collection. It is provided under commonly held Fair Use guidelines for individual educational or research use. We believe that the book is in the public domain and public dissemination was the intent of the original repository. We applaud and support their work wholeheartedly and only provide this version of this book at this site to make it available to even more readers. We believe that cataloging plays a big part in finding valuable books and try to facilitate that, through our TFIC group efforts. In some cases, the original sources are no longer online or are very hard to access, or marked up in or provided in Indian languages, rather than the more widely used English language. TFIC tries to address these needs too. Our intent is to aid all these repositories and digitization projects and is in no way to undercut them. For more information about our mission and our fair use guidelines, please visit our website. Note that we provide this book and others because, to the best of our knowledge, they are in the public domain, in our jurisdiction. However, before downloading and using it, you must verify that it is legal for you, in your jurisdiction, to access and use this copy of the book. Please do not download this book in error. We may not be held responsible for any copyright or other legal violations. Placing this notice in the front of every book, serves to both alert you, and to relieve us of any responsibility. If you are the intellectual property owner of this or any other book in our collection, please email us, if you have any objections to how we present or provide this book here, or to our providing this book at all. We shall work with you immediately. -The TFIC Team.

Page #2
mahAvIra vardhamAna jagadIzacandra jaina

Page #3
vIra sevA mandira dillI makhyA 228.02 OM kAla na khaNDa

Page #4

Page #5

Page #6
mahAvIra vardhamAna lekhaka jagadIzacandra jaina ema0 e0, pI-eca0 DI0 %2 -4

Page #7
prakAzaka vizvavANI kAryAlaya ilAhAbAda mUlya 1) mudraka je0 ke0 zarmA ilAhAbAda laoN jarnala presa ilAhAbAda

Page #8
apane bar3e bhAI ko jinhoM ne mujhe isa yogya banAne ke liye saba kucha kiyA parantu jina ke liye maiM kucha na kara pAyA

Page #9

Page #10
grantha ke bAre meM jina kucha pustakoM kI hindI ko bahuta AvazyakatA rahI hai una meM eka hai mahAvIra vardhamAna / DaoN0 jagadIzacandra jI kI isa kRti ko par3hakara mujhe bar3I prasannatA huI hai| bauddha-granthoM meM bhagavAna buddha ke jIvana-caritra ke bAre me mAmagrI kI kamI nahI, lekina vahI bAta jaina-granthoM aura mahAvIra vardhamAna ke bAre meM nahIM kahI jA sktii| DaoN0 jagadIzacandra jI ne apane isa grantha kI sAmagrI ke liye bauddha tripiTaka aura jaina-sUtro ko samAna-rUpa se duhA hai; aura una me se jo bhI sAmagrI milI hai, usI ke AdhAra para isa grantha kI racanA kI hai| mujhe yaha svIkAra karate harSa hotA hai ki lekhaka ne isa grantha ko zAstrIya dRSTi se adhika-adhika prAmANika banAne kI cepTA kI hai aura ve usa meM saphala hue hai| kintu, isa grantha kI vizeSatA to yaha hai ki isa me mahAvIra vardhamAna ke jIvana aura una kI zikSApro ko eka naI dRSTi se dekhane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai / dRSTi itanI Adhunika hai ki jo loga mahAvIra vardhamAna ke jIvana ko paramparAgata dRSTi se dekhane ke abhyAsI hai, unhe vaha khaTakegI hI nahI cubhegI bhii| to bhI maiM pAgA karatA hU~ ki Aja kA hindI kA pAThaka isa pustaka ko cAva se par3hegA aura mahAvIra vardhamAna kI jina zikSAoM ko DaoN0 sAhaba ne aise samayopayogI tathA samAjopayogI DhaMga se peza kiyA hai, unhe hRdayaGgama karane kA prayatna kregaa| pustaka loka-kalyANa kI bhAvanA se prota-prota hai ataH maiM isa kA pracAra cAhatA huuN| lokamAnya mandira puNe Ananda kosalyAyana tA0 10-11-45

Page #11

Page #12
prAstAvika nivedana san 1942 ke agasta Andolana meM jela se lauTane ke pazcAt mere vicAroM me kAfI krAnti ho cukI thii| maiMne socA ki mahAvIra ke viSaya me likhane kA isa se bar3hakara aura kaunasA suavasara hogaa| parantu merI pI-eca0 DI0 kI thIsisa kA kAma bIca meM par3A huA thaa| mitroM ke Agraha para maine use pUrNa karane kI tthaanii| jyoM-tyoM karake isa mahAbhArata kArya ko maiM gata disaMbara me samApta kara sakA, usI samaya se maiM isa kArya ko hAtha meM lene kA vicAra kara rahA thaa| gata mahIne meM mujhe apane kucha mitroM ke sAtha baMbaI ke milamajadUroM kI cAle (ghara) dekhane kA maukA milA, jisa se mujhe isa pustaka ko likhane kI vizeSa preraNA milii| durbhAgya se jitanI sAmagrI buddha ke viSaya meM upalabdha hotI hai utanI mahAvIra ke viSaya me nahI hotI, jisakA mukhya kAraNa hai samrATa maurya candragupta ke samaya pATaliputra (paTanA) me durbhikSa par3ane ke kAraNa adhikAMza jaina sAhitya kA vicched| mahAvIra ke jIvana-viSayaka sAmagrI digambara granthoM me nahIM ke barAbara hai, tathA zvetAmbaroM ke prAcArAMga Adi prAcIna graMthoM meM jo kucha hai vaha bahuta alpa hai| isa pustaka me zvetAMbara aura digambara donoM sampradAyoM ke granthoM kA niSpakSa rUpa se upayoga kiyA gayA hai, aura yaha dhyAna rakkhA gayA hai ki yaha pustaka donoM sampradAyoM ke liye upayogI ho| mahAvIra ke jIvana kI alaukika ghaTanAoM ko chor3a diyA gayA hai| kucha logoM kA mAnanA hai ki mahAvIra kA dharma AtmapradhAna dharma thA tathA unakI ahiMsA vaiyaktika ahiMsA thI, ataeva unake dharma ko laukika yA sAmUhika rUpa nahIM diyA jA sakatA, parantu maiM isa bAta se sahamata nahIM huuN| buddha kI taraha mahAvIra ne bhI saMgha kI sthApanA kI thI aura unhoM ne apane

Page #13
ziSyoM ko cAroM dizAoM meM dharmapracAra ke liye bhejA thaa| bRhatkalpa sUtra (1.50) meM ullekha hai ki mahAvIra ne jaina zramaNoM ko sAketa (ayodhyA) ke pUrva meM aMga-magadha taka, dakSiNa meM kauzAMbI taka, pazcima meM sthUNA (sthAnezvara) taka tathA uttara me kuNAlA (uttara kozala) taka vihAra karane kA Adeza diyA thaa| svayaM mahAvIra dhUma-phirakara janatA ko dharma kA upadeza dete the| yadi mahAvIra kA dharma kevala vaiyaktika hotA to usakA pracAra sAmUhikarUpa se kabhI nahI ho sakatA thA / yaha bAta dUsarI hai ki mahAvIra aura buddha ke yuga kI samasyAye hamArI Adhunika samasyAoM se bhinna thIM, parantu hama ina mahAn puruSoM ke upadezoM ko apane deza kI Adhunika samasyAoM ke hala karane meM upayogI banA sakate haiM, isa meM koI bhI sandeha nahI / yaha pustaka likhe jAne ke bAda maiMne ise apane kaI AdaraNIya mitroM ko par3hakara sunAI, jina me DAkTara nArAyaNa viSNu jozI, ema0 e0, Di-liT0, paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI, paM0 sukhalAla jI, DAkTara motIcanda jI ema0 e0, pI-eca0 DI0, sAhU zreyAMsaprasAda jI jaina, merI patnI sau0 kamalazrI jaina Adi ke nAma mukhya hai| ina kRpAlu mitroM ne jo isa pustaka ke viSaya meM apanI bahumUlya sUcanAyeM dI haiM, una kA mai AbhArI huuN| vizeSakara DA0 nArAyaNa viSNu jozI, sAhU zreyAMsaprasAda jI jaina tathA sau0 kamalazrI jaina kA isa pustaka ke likhe jAne meM vizeSa hAtha hai, ataeva mai ina mitroM kA kRtajJa huuN| zrI bhadanta Ananda kausalyAyana jI ne jo isa pustaka ke viSaya meM do zabda likhane kI kRpA kI hai, etadartha mai unakA AbhArI huuN| laoN jarnala presa ke mainejara zrI kRSNaprasAda dara ne isa pustaka kI chapAI Adi kA kAma apanI nijI dekharekha meM karAyA hai, ataeva ve dhanyavAda ke pAtra haiN| zivAjI pArka, baMbaI 5-6-45 jagadIzacandra jaina

Page #14
viSaya-sUcI viSaya grantha ke bAre ma prAstAvika nivedana 2 - mahAvIra vardhamAna kA janma 2 - tatkAlIna paristhiti aura mahAvIra kI dIkSA 3 - dIkSA ke pazcAt - ghora upasarga 8 - ahiMsA kA upadeza 5 - mayama, tapa aura tyAga kA mahattva 6 - samAnatA - - janma se jAti kA virodha 7 - striyo kA ucca sthAna 8- Izvara - kartRtva- niSedha - puruSArtha kA mahattva 6 - mahAvIra kA dharma --- Atmadamana kI pradhAnatA 10 - anekAtavAda 11 - catuvidha magha kI yojanA -- sAdhuo ke kaSTa aura una kA tyAga 12- ahisA kA vyApaka rUpa -- jagatkalyANa kI kasauTI 13 - jainadharma -- lokadharma 14 - mahAvIra aura buddha kI tulanA 15 - mahAvIra - nirvANa aura usa ke pazcAt 16 -- upasahAra mahAvIra vacanAmRta pRSTha 5 7 11 15 18 33 25 26 34 37 38 36 oo or to w is a 41 47 51 54 56 58 62

Page #15

Page #16
1 mahAvIra vardhamAna kA janma mahAvIra vardhamAna kI janmabhUmi videha deza kI rAjadhAnI vaizAlI (basAr3ha) nagarI kA prAcIna kAla me baDA mahattva thaa| yaha vajjiyo', (licchaviyoM) kI pradhAna nagarI thI; yahA~ gaNasattAka rAjya thA aura yahA~ kI rAjya-vyavasthA pratyeka gaNa ke cune hue nAyakoM ke supurda thI, jo 'gaNarAjA' kahe jAte the| rAjA yahA~ nAma-mAtra kA hotA thA aura vaha rAjya ke kArya sadA gaNarAjAo kI sammatipUrvaka karatA thA / vaizAlI ke rahanevAle vajjiyo me baDA bhArI sagaThana thA aura ve jo kAma karate eka hokara karate the| yadi koI licchavi bImAra ho jAtA to saba licchavi use dekhane jAte the. eka ke ghara utsava hotA to saba usa meM sammilita hote the, tathA yadi unake nagara me koI sAdhu-sata AtA to saba milakara usakA svAgata karate the| eka bAra jaba magadha ke rAjA ajAtazatru (kUNika) ne vajjiyoM para caDhAI karane kA irAdA kiyA to buddha ne kahA thA ki jaba taka vajjI loga Apasa me milakara apanI baiThake karate hai, saba milakara kisI bAta kA nirNayakara apanA karttavya pAlana karate hai, koI gairakAnUnI kAma nahIM karate, vRddho kI bAta mAnate hai, striyo kA anAdara nahI karate, caityo (devasthAna) kI pUjA karate haiM, tathA arhato-sAdhu-sato-kA sammAna karate haiM, taba taka koI unakA bAla bA~kA nahI kara sktaa| licchavi loga apanI sagha __ 'vajjI deza meM bhAjakala ke campArana aura mujaphpharapura, darabhaMgA tathA chaparA jile ke bhAga sammilita the dIghanikAya aTThakathA 2, 516. 'dIghanikAya, mahAvagga, mahAparinibbANa sutta

Page #17
12 mahAvIra vardhamAna vyavasthA ke liye, gaNataMtra rAjya ke liye prasiddha the, aura isIliye buddha ne bhikSu-saMgha ke sAmane licchavi gaNataMtra ko Adarza kI taraha peza kiyA thA, tathA bhikSu-saMgha ke chaMda (voTa) dene tathA anya prabandhoM kI vyavasthA meM licchavi gaNataMtra kA anukaraNa kiyA thaa| jaina zAstroM ke anusAra ceTaka vaMzAlI kA balazAlI zAsaka thA, jo kAzI-kozala ke nau licchavi aura malla rAjAoM kA adhinAyaka thaa| ceTaka zrAvaka (jainadharma kA upAsaka) thA aura usakI sAta kanyAye thiiN| ina meM se usa ne prabhAvatI kA vivAha vItibhaya ke rAjA udrAyaNa ke sAtha, padmAvatI kA kauzAMbI ke rAjA zatAnIka ke sAtha, zivA kA ujjayinI ke rAjA pradyota ke sAtha, jyeSThA kA kuNDagrAmIya mahAvIra ke bhrAtA nandivardhana ke sAtha, tathA celanA kA rAjagRha ke rAjA zreNika ke sAtha kiyA thA; sujyeSThA avivAhitA thI aura usane dIkSA grahaNa kara lI thii| ceTaka kI bahana trizalA kA vivAha kuNDapura ke gaNarAjA siddhArtha se hA thaa| campA ke rAjA kaNika aura ceTaka ke mahAyuddha kA varNana jaina granthoM meM AtA hai jisa meM lAkhoM yoddhAoM kA rakta bahAyA gayA thaa| bauddhadharma meM bhI vaizAlI kA bar3A gaurava hai| yahI buddha ne striyoM ko bhikSuNI banane kA adhikAra diyA thA aura yahI unhoM ne apanA antima caumAsA vyatIta kiyA thaa| mahAvIra ke vaizAlI me bAraha cAturmAsa bitAye jAne kA ullekha kalpasUtra meM AtA hai| vajjI deza ke zAsaka licchaviyoM ke nau gaNa the| inhI kA eka bheda thA jJAtR' jisa meM svanAma-dhanya vardhamAna kA janma huA thaa| vaizAlI meM gaMDakI (gaMDaka) nadI bahatI thI jisa ke taTa para kSatriya-kuNDagrAma aura brAhmaNa 'prAvazyaka cUNi 2, pR0 164 ityAdi / digaMbara mAnyatA ke anusAra ceTaka kI putriyoM Adi ke nAma judA haiM saMbhavataH bihAra meM bhUmihAroM kI jathariyA jAti (rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, purAtattva nibaMdhAvali, pR0 107-114)

Page #18
mahAvIra vardhamAna kA janma 13 kuNDagrAma nAmaka vaizAlI ke do sundara upanagara avasthita the; vardhamAna ne kSatriya-kuNDagrAma ko apane janma se pavitra kiyA thaa| vardhamAna ke pitA kA nAma siddhArtha aura mAtA kA trizalA thA; donoM pArzvanAtha kI zramaNaparaMparA ke anuyAyI the| jisa rAtri ko vardhamAna trizalA ke garbha me avatarita hue trizalA ne caudaha svapna dekhe, jinhe sunakara aSTAMga nimitta jAnanevAle svapnazAstra ke paMDitoM ne batAyA ki siddhArtha ke ghara zUravIra putra kA janma hogA jo apanI yazaHkIrti se saMsAra ko ujvalakara jana-samAja kA kalyANa kregaa| ___nau mahIne sAr3he sAta dina vyatIta hone para trizalA devI ne priyadarzana sundara putra ko janma diyaa| putra-janma kA samAcAra pAkara siddhArtha kI khuzI kA ThikAnA na rhaa| kArAgRhoM se kaidI chor3a diye gaye, cIz2oM ke dAma ghaTA diye gaye, nagara kI cAroM ora se safAI kara jagaha jagaha sugaMdhita jala kA chir3akAva kiyA gayA, sar3akeM, caurAhe, galI, kUce khUba sajAye gaye, logoM ke baiThane ke liye gailariyA~ banAI gaI, dhvajAye phaharAI gaI, cUnA potakara makAna zveta-svaccha banA diye gaye, jagaha jagaha pA~ca u~galiyoM ke thApe lagAye gaye, caMdana-kalaza rakkhe gaye, dvAroM me toraNa bA~dhe gaye, dhUpabattiyA~ jalAI gaI; kahI naTa-nartakoM kA nAca ho rahA hai, kahIM rasmI kA khela ho rahA hai, kahI muSTiyuddha ho rahA hai, kahI vidUSaka ha~sIThaTThA kara rahe haiM, kahIM kathAyeM ho rahI hai, stotra par3he jA rahe haiM, rAsa gAye jA rahe haiM, aura kahIM nAnA vAdya baja rahe haiN| isa prakAra kSatriya-kuNDagrAma meM dasa dina taka apUrva samAroha manAyA gayA; dasa dina taka kara mAfa kara diyA gayA, pratyeka vastu binA mUlya bikane lagI, rAja-karmacAriyoM kA jabardastI se gahapraveza roka diyA gayA, RNa mAfa kara diyA gayA, jagaha jagaha gaNikAoM ke nRtya hue, vAditroM kI jhaMkAra se nagara gUMja uThA, zramaNa-brAhmaNoM ko dAna-mAna se sammAnita kiyA gayA, Ananda aura utsAha kI sImA na rahI, nagarI ke saba loga Ananda-magna ho utthe|

Page #19
mahAvIra vardhamAna navajAta zizu ke jAtakarma Adi saMskAra kiye gaye, aura gyArahaveM dina sUtaka manAne ke pazcAt, bArahaveM dina mitra, jAti, svajana, saMbaMdhiyoM et nimaMtritakara vipula bhojana, pAna, tAMbUla, vastra, alaMkAra Adi se una kA satkAra kiyA gyaa| tatpazcAt siddhArtha kSatriya ne uThakara saba ke samakSa kahA, "bhAiyo ! isa bAlaka ke janma se hamAre kula me dhana, dhAnya, koSa, koThAra, senA, ghor3e, gAr3I Adi kI vRddhi huI hai ataeva bAlaka kA nAma vardhamAna rakhanA ThIka hogA / " saba ne isa kA anumodana kiyA / tatpazcAt aneka dAiyoM aura naukara-cAkaroM se pariveSTita hokara vardhamAna bar3e lAr3a-pyAra se pAle gaye aura surakSita caMpaka vRkSa ke samAna bar3e hone lage / 14 vardhamAna bacapana se hI bar3e vIra, dhIra aura gaMbhIra prakRti ke the, aura ve kabhI kisI se Darate na the / eka bAra vardhamAna apane sAthiyoM ke sAtha eka vRkSa ke pAsa khela rahe the| itane meM una ke sAthiyoM ne dekhA ki vRkSa kI jar3a meM lipaTA huA eka vikarAla sarpa phukAra mAra rahA hai| yaha dekhakara vardhamAna ke sAthI vahA~ se Dara ke mAre bhAga gaye, parantu vIra vardhamAna acala bhAva se vahIM DaTe rahe aura unhoM ne sarpa ko apane hAtha se pakar3akara dUra pheMka diyaa| saMbhavataH isI prakAra ke anya saMkaToM ke samaya apanI dRr3hatA aura nirbhayatA pradarzita karane ke kAraNa vardhamAna mahAvIra kahe jAne lage / vardhamAna adhyayana ke liye pAThazAlA meM gaye jahA~ unhoM ne apanI asAdhAraNa buddhi kA paricaya diyA / vardhamAna ke adhyApaka una ke vidvattApUrNa uttaroM se cakita hokara una kI bhUri bhUri prazaMsA karate the / vardhamAna ne choTI umara meM hI vyAkaraNa, sAhitya zrAdi viSayoM kA jJAna prApta kara liyA thA / mahAvIra tIsa varSaM gRhasthAzrama meM rahe zraura unhoM ne aneka prakAra ke bhogoM kA sevana kiyA / ' kSatriyakumAra hone ke kAraNa mahAvIra bahuta sukhoM meM 6 digaMbara mAnyatA ke anusAra mahAvIra avivAhita rahe

Page #20
tatkAlIna paristhiti aura mahAvIra kI dIkSA 15 pale the; unhe sonA-cA~dI, dhana-dhAnya, dAsI-dAsa prAdi bhogopabhoga-sampadA kI koI kamI na thii| 2 tatkAlIna paristhiti aura mahAvIra kI dIkSA ___ bhAratIya itihAsa me brAhmaNa aura zramaNa saskRti nAma kI do atyanta prAcIna paraparAye daSTigocara hotI hai| brAhmaNa loga vedoM ko IzvarIya vAkya mAnate the, indra, varuNa Adi vaidika devoM kI pUjA karate the, yajJa meM pazubali dekara usa se siddhi mAnate the, cAturvarNya kI vyavasthA svIkArakara apanI jAti ko sarvotkRSTa samajhate the, tathA brahmacArI, gRhastha, vAnaprastha aura maMnyAsI ina cAra AzramoM ko svIkAra karate the| zramaNa loga ina bAtoM kA virodha karate the; ve saMnyAsa, Atmacintana, saMyama, samabhAva, tapa, dAna, Arjava, ahisA, satyavacana Adi ke Upara bhAra dete the, aura Atmazuddhi ko pradhAna mAnate the| zramaNa-paraparA me yajJa-yAga Adi karmakANDa kA sthAna AtmavidyA ko milA thA, aura vaha kSatriyoM kI vidyA mAnI jAtI thii| upaniSadoM meM kahA hai ki brAhmaNa loga brahma ko jAnakara putra kI icchA, dhana kI icchA, aura laukika icchAtroM se nivRtta hokara bhikSA-vRtti kA AcaraNa karate hai| mahAbhArata me, jo zramaNa-paraparA ke prabhAva se kAphI prabhAvita hai, * kalpasUtra 32-108 'prApastaMba 2.6.21.11-14 'gautamadharma 3.12-14 "chAndogya upaniSad 3.17.4 12 bRhadAraNyaka 4.2-3; chAndogya 5.11, 5.3.7 "bRhadAraNyaka 3.5

Page #21
16 mahAvIra vardhamAna tapa kA prAdhAnya batAte hue tapa ko samasta dharmo kA mUla aura saba pApoM kA nAza karanevAlA kahA gayA hai|" yahA~ ahiMsA aura tyAga kI parAkASThAdyotaka aneka upAkhyAna race gaye hai, aura pazuyajJa ke sthAna para zAntiyajJa (indriya-nigraha), brahmayajJa, vAgyajJa, manoyajJa aura karmayajJa kA mahattva svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / 6 tulAdhAra-jAjali saMvAda me kahA hai ki sarvabhUtahita tathA iSTAniSTa aura rAga-dveSa kA tyAga hI saccA dharma hai tathA ahiMsA saba dharmo me zreSTha hai| yAjJavalkya, janaka, pArzvanAtha Adi saMta-puruSoM ne isI zramaNa-paraMparA meM janma liyA thaa| vedakAla se calI AnevAlI zramaNasaMskRti kI ina vicAra-dhArAoM kA maMthana mahAvIra ne gaMbhIratApUrvaka kiyA thA, una ke jIvana para ina dhArAmoM kA gaharA prabhAva par3A thA aura usa meM se unhoM ne apanA mArga khojakara nikAlA thaa| unhoM ne dekhA ki dharma ke nAma para kitanA ADabara racA jA rahA hai, yajJa-yAga Adi ko dharma mAnakara una me mUka pazuoM kI bali dI jA rahI hai, devI-devatAoM ke nAma para kitanA aMdhavizvAsa phailA huA hai, tathA saba se dayanIya dazA hai strI aura zUdroM kI jinhe vedAdi-paThana kA adhikAra nahI, tathA vedadhvani zUdra taka pahu~ca jAne para usa ke kAnoM meM sIsA aura lAkha bhara diye jAte hai, vedoccAraNa karane para uma kI jihvA kATa lI jAtI hai, vedamaMtra yAda karane para usa ke zarIra ke do Tukar3e kara diye jAte hai;" zUdrAnna bhakSaNa karane se gA~va me sUara kA janma lenA par3atA hai,19 yahA~ taka ki "zAntiparva 156 "vahI, kapota aura vyAdha kA upAkhyAna 143-8 16 vahI, 156 17 vahI, 268-271 "gautamadharma sUtra 12.4-6 19 vasiSThadharma sUtra 6.27

Page #22
tatkAlIna paristhiti aura mahAvIra kI dIkSA zUdradarzana - janya A~kho kI apavitratA dUra karane ke lie unhe dhonA paDatA hai| mahAvIra ne dekhA ki sarvatra ajJAna hI ajJAna phailA huA hai aura loga apanI viSayavAsanA tRpta karane ke liye, apane sukha ke liye dUsare kI hiMsA kara rahe haiM, unheM kaSTa pahu~cA rahe haiM, jisa se saba jagaha dukha hI dukha phailA huA hai| yaha dekhakara mahAvIra kA komala hRdaya dravita ho uThA, unake vicAroM meM uthala-puthala maca gaI aura unhone dRDha nizcaya kiyA ki kucha bhI ho mujhe jaga kA kalyANa karanA haiM, usa meM sukha, zAnti aura samatA bhAva phailAnA hai, tathA usa ke liye sarvaprathama Atmabala prApta karanA hai / 17 mahAvIra ne eka se eka sundara nAka ke zvAsa se uDa jAnevAle, navanIta ke samAna komala vastro kA tyAga kiyA, hAra, ardhahAra, kaTisUtra, kuDala Adi zrAbharaNo ko utArakara pheMka diyA, eka se eka svAdiSTa bhojana, pAna Adi ko sadA ke liye tilAjali de dI, apane mitra choDe, baghu chor3e, vipula dhana, suvarNa, ratna, maNi, muktA Adi saba kucha chor3A, aura svajana sabadhiyo kI anumatipUrvaka kSatriya - kuNDagrAma ke bAhara jJAtRSaNDa nAmaka udyAna me jAkara pacamuSTi se kezoM kA locakara zramaNatva kI dIkSA grahaNa kii| mahAvIra ne nizcaya kiyA ki cAhe kitanI hI vighnabAdhAye kyo na Aye tathA kitane hI ghora upasarga aura sakaTa kyo na upasthita ho, parantu maiM saba kA dhIratApUrvaka sAmanA karatA huA saba ko zAntabhAva se, kSamAbhAva se sahana karU~gA, aura apane niyama meM aTala rahU~gA -- apane nizcaya se na DigU~gA / Ro cittasaMbhUta jAtaka ( naM0 498 ), pR0 161 2

Page #23
mahAvIra vardhamAna 3 dIkSA ke pazcAta - ghora upasarga mahAvIra dIkSita hokara -- gRhatyAga kara -- jagat kA kalyANa karane ke liye nikala pdd'e| unheM bhayaMkara se bhayaMkara kaSToM kA sAmanA karanA par3A, parantu eka vIra yoddhA kI taraha ve apane karttavyapatha se kabhI vicalita na hue / unhe nagna aura malinatanu dekhakara choTe choTe bAlaka Dara jAte aura una ke zarIra para dhUla, patthara Adi phekakara zora macAte the / koI unheM karkaza vacana kahatA aura koI una para DaMDoM se zrAkramaNa karatA thA, parantu vIra vardhamAna samabhAva se saba kucha sahana karate the / ve prAyaH mauna rahate aura stuti aura nindA me samabhAva rakhate the / nRtya-gIta tathA daNDayuddha aura muSTiyuddha me unhe koI kutUhala nahI thA, aura na svaira kathAnoM me unheM koI ruci thii| mahAvIra saMyamadharma kA pAlana karate the; unhoM ne zIta jala kA tyAga kara diyA thA aura ve bIja tathA harita Adi kA sevana na karate the / ve nirdoSa AhAra lete tathA paravastra aura parapAtra kA grahaNa nahI karate the / bhojana-pAna meM unheM Asakti nahI raha gaI thI, tathA ve mAtrApUrvaka hI prahAra karate the / mahAvIra ne apane zarIra ko itanA sAdha liyA thA ki khujalI Ane para bhI ve khujAte na the tathA yadi una ke zarIra para dhUla Adi laga jAtI to ve use poMchane kI ceSTA na karate the / ve tirache tathA pIche kI ora na dekhate the / zramarNAsaha mahAvIra zUnyagRhoM meM, sabhAsthAnoM meM, pyAUgharoM meM, bastI ke bAhara luhAra aura bar3haI Adi kI dukAnoM meM, tRNoM ke Dhera ke samIpa, musAfirakhAnoM meM, udyAnoM meM, smazAna me tathA vRkSa ke nIce ekAntavAsa karate the / isa prakAra mahAvIra ne rAta-dina saMyama me lage rahakara, apramAdabhAva se, zAntabhAva se teraha varSa taka kaThora tapazcaraNa kiyA / itane dIrgha kAla taka hamAre caritranAyaka kabhI sukha kI nIMda nahI soye; jahA~ unheM jarA nIda AtI ve faurana uTha baiThate aura dhyAna me avasthita ho jAte, athavA idhara-udhara caMkramaNa karane lagate the / 18

Page #24
dIkSA ke pazcAt-ghora upasarga 16 jahA~ mahAvIra Thaharate vaha sthAna aneka prakAra ke bhayaMkara upasargoM se ghirA rhtaa| kahI sarpa Adi jantuSoM kA upadrava, kahI gIdha Adi pakSiyoM kA upadrava, tathA kahI cora, badamAza, gA~va ke caukIdAra, aura viSayalolupI strI-puruSoM kA kaSTa / jisa zizira Rtu me himavAta bahane ke kAraNa logoM ke dA~ta kaTakaTAte the, bar3e bar3e sAdhu-saMnyAsI nirvAta nizcchidra sthAnoM kI khoja karate the, vastra dhAraNakara ve apane zarIra kI rakSA karanA cAhate the,Aga jalAkara athavA kaMbala Adi pror3hakara zIta se bacanA cAhate the, usa samaya zramaNasiMha mahAvIra khule sthAnoM meM apanI donoM bhujAyeM phailAkara dussaha zIta ko sahanakara apanI kaThora sAdhanA kA paricaya dete hue dRSTigocara hote the| apane tapasvI jIvana me jJAtaputra mahAvIra ne dUra dUra taka bhramaNa kiyA aura aneka kaSTa she| ve bihAra me rAjagRha (rAjagira), campA (bhAgalapura), bhaddiyA (muMgera), vaizAlI (basAr3ha), mithilA (janakapura) Adi pradezoM me ghUme, pUrvIya sayuktaprAnta me banArasa, kauzAMbI (kosama), ayodhyA, zrAvasti (saheTa maheTa) Adi sthaloM me gaye, tathA pazcimI bagAla me lAr3ha (rAr3ha) Adi pradezoM meM unhoM ne paribhramaNa kiyaa| ina sthAnoM me saba se adhika kaSTa mahAvIra ko lAr3ha deza me sahanA pddaa| yaha deza anArya mAnA jAtA thA aura saMbhavataH yahA~ dharma kA vizeSa pracAra na thA, vizeSakara yahA~ ke nivAsI zramaNadharma ke atyaMta virodhI the, yahI kAraNa hai ki mahAvIra ko yahA~ dussaha yAtanAye sahana karanI pdd'ii| lAr3ha vajrabhUmi (bIrabhUma) aura zubhrabhUmi (siMhabhUma) nAmaka do pradezoM meM vibhakta thA / ina pradezoM kI vasati (rahane kA sthAna) aneka upasargoM se paripUrNa thii| rUkSa bhojana karane ke kAraNa yahA~ ke nivAsI svabhAva se krodhI the aura ve mahAvIra para kutto ko chor3ate the| yahA~ bahuta kama loga aise the jo ina kuttoM ko rokate the balki loga ulTe daNDaprahAra Adi se kuttoM dvArA mahAvIra ko kaSTa pahu~cAte the| vajrabhUmi ke nivAsI aura bhI kaThora the| isa pradeza meM kuttoM ke

Page #25
20 mahAvIra vardhamAna bhaya se zramaNa loga lAThI Adi lekara vihAra karate the, parantu phira bhI ve una ke upadrava se nahIM baca sakate the| itanA hone para bhI dIrgha tapasvI mahAvIra ne mana, vacana, kAya se prANiyoM ko kaSTa na pahu~cAte hue, zarIra kA mamatva chor3akara, saMgrAma ke agrabhAga me yuddha karate hue nirbhaya hAthI kI taraha lADha deza kI durjaya parISaha sahana kii| isa deza meM grAmoM kI saMkhyA bahuta kama thii| jaba mahAvIra kisI grAma meM pahuMcate to loga unhe nikAla bAhara karate, athavA daNDa, muSTi, bhAlA, miTTI ke Dhele aura ThIkaroM se unheM kaSTa pahu~cAte aura zora macAte the| ye loga unake zarIra me se mAsa kATa lete aura una para dhUla phekate the; unhe Upara uchAlakara nIce pheka dete aura unheM una ke godohana, ukaDU Adi AsanoM se girA dete the| kitanI bAra mahAvIra ko guptacara samajhakara, cora samajhakara pakar3a liyA gayA, rassI se bA~dha liyA gayA, mArA gayA, pITA gayA, gaDDho me laTakA diyA gayA, jeloM meM DAla diyA gayA, aura kaI bAra to unheM phAMsI ke takhte se lauTAyA gyaa|21 eka bAra mahAvIra tApaso ke kisI Azrama me eka jhopaDI me Thahare hue the| usa samaya varSA na hone se navIna ghAsa paidA nahI huI thI, ataeva gA~va kI gAye vahA~ Akara jhoMpar3I kI ghAsa khAtI thii| tApama loga unhe DaMDoM se mArakara bhagA dete the, parantu mahAvIra jhoMpar3I kI paravA kiye binA apane dhyAna meM baiThe rahate the| Azrama ke kulapati ko jaba yaha mAlUma huA to unhoM ne mahAvIra ko bahuta ulAhanA diyaa| isa para mahAvIra usa jhopaDI ko chor3akara anyatra vihAra kara gye| usa samaya mahAvIra ne niyama liyA ki jahA~ rahane se dUsaroM ko kleza pahu~ce vahA~ kabhI nahIM rahanA tathA jahA~ rahanA vahA~ mauna aura kAyotsarga (khaDe hokara dhyAna karanA) pUrvaka rahanA / eka bAra 21 dhyAna rakhane kI bAta hai ki digambara paramparA ke anusAra tIrthakara upasargAtIta mAne jAte haiM

Page #26
dIkSA ke pazcAt--ghora upasarga kI bAta hai mahAvIra khar3e hokara dhyAna kara rahe the, itane meM vahA~ eka gvAlA AyA aura apane bailoM ko chor3akara calA gyaa| jaba vaha vApisa lauTakara prAyA to usa ne dekhA baila g2Ayaba haiN| gvAle ne mahAvIra se pUchA, parantu mahAvIra maunavrata dhAraNa kiye hue the ataeva unhoM ne koI uttara nahIM diyaa| isa para gvAle ko atyata krodha AyA aura usa ne una ke kAnoM me lakar3I kI paccara Thoka dii| isa bhayaMkara kaSTa me mahAvIra kaI dina taka ghUmate rahe ! zAstroM meM kahA hai, mahAvIra ke kaSTa dekhakara eka bAra indra ne mahAvIra se kahA, "bhagavan ! yadi Apa kI AjJA ho to mai Apa kI sevA me rahakara Apa kA kaSTa nivAraNa karU~ ?" parantu mahAvIra ne dRr3hatApUrvaka uttara diyA ki jo dUsaroM ke Upara nirbhara rahatA hai vaha kabhI apanA aura dUsaroM kA kalyANa nahI kara sktaa| bImAra par3ane para mahAvIra cikitsA na karAte the; unhoM ne virecana, vamana, vilepana, snAna, dantaprakSAlana Adi kA tyAga kiyA thaa| zizira Rtu me chAyA me, tathA grISma me ukar3eM baiThakara ve sUrya ke sAmane muMha karake tapa karate the| deha dhAraNa ke liye ve cAvala, motha (maMthu), kulathI (kulmASa) Adi rUkSa AhAra karate the| bahuta karake ve upavAsa karate aura eka eka mahIne taka pAnI nahI pIte the / kabhI ve do upavAsa ke bAda, kabhI tIna, kabhI cAra aura kabhI pA~ca upavAsa ke bAda AhAra lete the / grAma athavA nagara me praviSTa hokara mahAvIra dUsaroM ko liye banAye hue AhAra kI yatnAcAra se khoja karate the| bhikSA ke liye jAte hue mArga meM bhUkhe, pyAse kaue Adi pakSiyoM ko dekhakara tathA brAhmaNa, zramaNa, bhikhArI, atithi, cADAla, bilAr3I aura kutte ko dekhakara ve vahA~ se dhIre se khisaka jAte aura anyatra jAkara dUsaroM ko kaSTa pahu~cAye binA AhAra grahaNa karate the| ve bhIgA huA, zuSka athavA ThaMDA pAhAra lete the, bahuta dina kI rakkhI huI kulathI, bAsI gorasa athavA gehU~ kI roTI (bukkasa) tathA nissAra dhAnya (pulAka) grahaNa karate the, tathA yadi ina meM se kucha bhI na milatA to

Page #27
22 mahAvIra vardhamAna ve samabhAva rakhate, una ke bhAva kiMcinmAtra bhI vicalita na hote the| isa prakAra bAraha varSa kI ghora sAdhanA ke pazcAt mahAvIra ne jaMbhiyagrAma ke bAhara RjuvAlikA nadI ke taTa para sthita eka kheta meM zAla vRkSa ke nIce godohana Asana se ukaDUM baiThe hue dhyAnamagna avasthA me kevalajJAna-darzana kIbodhi kI prApti kii| mahA tapasvI kI kaThora tapasyA saphala huI, unake hRdaya-kapATa khula gaye, hRdaya meM prakAza hI prakAza mAlUma par3ane lagA, vikAra saba zAnta ho gaye, saMzaya saba miTa gaye, jJAna kA srota umaDa paDA, aba jAnane ko kucha bAqI na rahA, jisa ke jAnane ke liye itanI daur3a-dhUpa thI, udher3abuna thI, vaha mila gyaa| Aja prathama bAra vizva ke kalyANa kA mArga spaSTa dRSTigocara huaa| 4 ahiMsA kA upadeza mahAvIra ke lokottara upadeza kI carcA sarvatra hone lgii| loga dUra dUra se una kA upadeza sunane paaye| bahutoM ne una ke dharma meM dIkSA lii| ina meM magadha, kozala, videha Adi dezoM ke gyAraha kulIna vidvAn brAhmaNa mukhya the| sarvaprathama mahAvIra kA upadeza thA ahiMsA / unhoM ne kahA ki saba koI jInA cAhatA hai, saba ko apanA apanA jIvana priya hai, saba koI sukhI bananA cAhatA hai, dukha se dUra rahanA cAhatA hai, ataeva kisI prANI ko kaSTa pahuMcAnA ThIka nahI / jo manuSya apanI vyathA ko samajhatA hai, vaha dUsaroM kI vyathA kA anubhava kara sakatA hai, aura jo dUsaroM kI vyathA "prAcArAMga &; kalpasUtra 5. 112-120; Avazyaka niyukti 111-527; prAvazyaka cUNi pR0 268-323 23 prAcArAMga 2.81; dazavakAlika 6.11

Page #28
ahiMsA kA upadeza 23 anubhava karatA hai vaha apanI vyathA bhI samajha sakatA hai, ataeva zAMta saMyamI jIva dUsaroM kI hiMsA karake--dUsaroM ko kaSTa pahu~cA karake jIvita nahI rahanA cAhate / vAstava meM dekhA jAya to jo manuSya dUsaroM kI ora se beparavAha rahatA hai vaha svayaM apanI upekSA karatA hai aura jo svayaM apanI upekSA karatA hai vaha dUsaroM kI ora se beparavAha rahatA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, vyaSTi aura samaSTi kA anyonyAzraya saMbaMdha hai, vyakti samAja kA hI eka aMga hai aura vyakti ko chor3akara samAja koI alaga vastu nahI, ataeva pratyeka vyakti para samAja kA uttaradAyitva hai, isaliye yadi hama apanI upekSA karate hai to yaha samAja kI upekSA hai aura samAja kI upekSA se vyakti kI upekSA hotI hai / 'je egaM jANai se savvaM jANai, je savvaM jANai se egaM jANai'26 (jo eka ko jAnatA hai vaha saba ko jAnatA hai, aura jo saba ko jAnatA hai vaha eka ko jAnatA hai) isa prasiddha vAkya kA yahI rahasya hai| ___ jaisA Upara kahA gayA hai mahAvIra ke yuga me yajJa-yAga Adi kA khUba pracAra thA, vaidikI hiMsA ko hisA nahI samajhA jAtA thA, tathA aMdhazraddhA tulanA karo sabbA disAnuparigamma cetasA / na evajjhagA piyataraM attanA kvaci // evaM piyo puthu attA paresaM / tasmA na hise paraM attakAmo // (saMyuttanikAya, kosalasaMyutta, 1,6) artha-samasta saMsAra meM prAtmA se priyatara aura koI vastu nahIM, ataeva jise prAtmA priya hai use cAhie ki vaha dUsare kI hiMsA na kare prAcArAMga 1.57 21 vahI, 1.23 prAcArAMga 3.123

Page #29
24 mahAvIra vardhamAna ke sAtha-sAtha usa samaya dveSa, kleza, ghRNA aura ahaMkAra kI kaluSita bhAvanAyeM sarvatra phailI huI thii| aise samaya karuNAmaya mahAvIra ne sarva-saMhArakAriNI hiMsA ke viruddha apanI AvAz2a uThAI aura batAyA ki ahiMsA se hI manuSya sukhI bana sakatA hai, isI se sasAra kI zAMti kAyama raha sakatI hai aura samAja me sukha kI abhivRddhi ho sakatI hai| 'jIvo jIvasya jIvanam' isa zoSaNAtmaka siddhAMta ke viruddha mahAvIra ne kahA ki lokahita ke liye, samAja ke kalyANa ke liye 'jIro aura jIne do' isa kalyANakArI siddhAMta ke svIkAra kiye binA hamArI barbara vRttiyA~--dUsaroM kA saMhArakara jaya pAne kI bhAvanAye, dUsaroM kA apayazakara yaza aura pratiSThA prApta karane kI abhilASAye, nissahAya aura pIDitoM kA marvasva chInakara vAhavAha lUTane kI icchAye kabhI tRpta nahI ho sktii| apane Apa ko sukhI banAne ke liye manuSya nAnA prakAra kI pravRttiyoM karatA hai aura isa se vaha dUsaro ko satApa pahu~cAtA hai jisa se sasAra kI zAti bhaga hotI hai, ataeva mahAvIra kA kathana thA ki buddhimAna puruSa apanA nija kA dRSTAMta sAmane rakhakara apane ko pratikUla laganevAlI bAto ko dUsaroM ke viruddha AcaraNa nahIM karate / vAstava me pramAdapUrvaka prayatnAcArapUrvaka--kAmabhogoM me Asakti kA nAma hI hisA hai, ataeva mahAvIra kA upadeza thA ki vikAroM para vijaya prApta karanA, indriyadamana karanA aura samasta pravRttiyoM ko saMkucita karanA hI saccI ahiMsA hai| mahAvIra ahiMsA-pAlana meM bahuta Age bar3ha jAte hai aura jaba ve samasta prakRti me jIva kA AropaNakara pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu aura vanaspati taka kI rakSA kA upadeza dete haiM to una kI ahiMsaka vRtti-vizvakalyANa kI bhAvanA--carama sImA para pahu~ca jAtI hai| mahAvIra ne jisa sarvamukhI ahiMsA kA upadeza diyA thA, vaha ahiMsA kevala vyakti-paraka na thI balki jagat ke kalyANa ke liye usa kA sAmUhika rUpa se upayoga ho sakatA thaa|

Page #30
25. saMyama, tapa aura tyAga kA mahattva 5 saMyama, tapa aura tyAga kA mahattva mahAvIra ne ahisA, saMyama aura tapa ko utkRSTa dharma batAyA hai / dekhA jAya to ahisA ko samajha lene ke pazcAt use puSTa banAne ke liye sayama aura tapa kI AvazyakatA hai| saMyama kA artha hai apane Upara kAbU rkhnaa| samaya samaya para manaSya ke sAmane aneka pralobhana pAkara upasthita hote haiM, aneka AkarSaNa mAmane Akara use DAMvADola banA dete haiM, isa se capala aura svecchAcArI citta kA damana karanA kaThina ho jAtA hai| rAga, dveSa, kAma, krodha, mAyA, lobha aura ahaMkAra ke paravaza hokara manuSya apane dhyeya se cyuta ho jAtA hai, aura apanA tathA loka kA kalyANa karane meM asaphala hotA hai / mahAvIra ne asayama kI-pramAda kI-bahuta nindA kI hai aura batAyA hai ki jaise mariyala baila ko gAr3I meM jotakara usa se durgama jaMgala ko pAra karanA kaThina ho jAtA hai usI prakAra asaMyata-~-pramAdIpuruSa kA apane lakSya taka pahuMcanA kaThina hai / isIliye unhoMne vividha AkhyAnoM dvArA apane bhikSutroM ko upadeza diyA hai ki he AyuSmAn zramaNo! sAsArika kAma-vAsanAoM se, pralobhanoM se hamezA dUra raho, tathA vipula dhanarAzi aura mitra-bAMdhavoM ko eka bAra svecchApUrvaka choDakara phira se una kI ora muMha mor3akara na dekho|" jaise sadhA huA tathA kavacadhArI ghor3A yuddha meM vijaya prApta karatA hai, usI prakAra vivekI jana jIvana-saMgrAma me vijayI hokara iSTasiddhi prApta karatA hai / 1 viveka honA itanI sahaja 20 dazavakAlika 1.1 28 uttarAdhyayana 4.11-12 29 uttarAdhyayana 27 " vahI, 10.26-30 "vahI, 4.8

Page #31
26 mahAvIra varSamAna bAta nahI usa ke liye kaThora sAdhanA kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| kAma-bhogoM kA parityAgakara, vastutattva ko ThIka ThIka samajhakara saMyama-patha para dRr3hatApUrvaka DaTe rahane se hI kalyANa-mArga kI prApti ho sakatI hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, saMyama kA artha hai apanI icchAoM para aMkuza rakhanA, apanA sukha tyAgakara dUsaroM ko sukha pahu~cAnA, svayaM zoSita honA--kaSTa sahana karanA, parantu dUsaroM ko kaSTa na hone denaa| isIliye saMyama ke sAtha tapa aura tyAga kI AvazyakatA batAI hai / mahAvIra ne aneka bAra kahA hai ki nagna rahane se, bhUkhe rahane se, paMcAgni tapa tapane se tapa nahIM hotA, tapa hotA hai jJAnapUrvaka AcaraNa karane se| kisI vastu kI prApti na hone ke kAraNa usa kI ora se upekSita ho jAne ko tyAga nahI kahate, saccA tyAga vaha hai ki manuSya sundara aura priya bhogoM ko pAkara bhI una kI ora se pITha phera letA hai, unheM dhatA batA detA hai|3 bauddhoM ke majjhimanikAya me vaidehikA nAmaka eka seThAnI kI kathA AtI hai-apane zAMta svabhAva aura namratA ke kAraNa vaidehikA nagara bhara meM prasiddha ho gaI thii| usakI kAlI nAma kI eka dAsI thii| dAsI ne socA ki maiM apanI seThAnI kA saba kAma ThIka samaya para karatI hU~, ataeva vaha zAMta rahatI hai, aura use gussA karane kA mauqA nahI milatA / eka dina dAsI apanI seThAnI kI parIkSA karane ke liye dera se utthii| seThAnI gussA hokara bolI "tU dera se kyoM uThI ?" aura use bahuta DA~Tane lgii| kAlI ne socA ki seThAnI ko gussA to jarUra AtA hai, parantu vaha logoM ko apanA asalI svarUpa nahI dikhaatii| agale dina phira dAsI dera se sokara uThI / seThAnI ko bahuta krodha AyA aura usa ne daravAje kI char3a nikAlakara usa ke sira meM itane z2ora se mArI ki usa kA sira phaTa gayA aura usa me se lahU bahane lgaa| saba loga ikaTThe ho gaye aura usa 32 vahI, 4.10 5 dazavakAlika 2.2-3

Page #32
saMyama, tapa aura tyAga kA mahattva dina se vaha apane duSTa svabhAva ke liye prasiddha ho gii| isa dRSTAMta dvArA buddha ne apane bhikSuoM ko upadeza diyA ki he bhikSupro ! jaba taka apane viruddha koI bAta nahIM sunI jAtI taba taka saba zAMta rahate hai, parantu apane viruddha vacana sunane para bhI zAMta rahanA saccI zAMti hai / tapa aura tyAga kI bhAvanA ko mahAvIra ne apane jIvana meM pratyakSa DhAlakara batAyA thaa| una kI tapazcaryA-dehadamana aura kaSTasahiSNutA, vAstava meM adbhuta thI jise dekhakara bar3e bar3e tapasviyoM ke Asana Dola jAte the| tisa para bhI una kA tapa kucha laukika kIrti athavA sukha-prApti ke liye nahI thA, balki usa me sva aura para-kalyANa kI bhAvanA antahita thii| kevala zuSka dehadamana bhI mahAvIra ke tapa kA uddezya nahI thA, usa meM zArIrika aura mAnasika kaThora sAdhanA dvArA kAyika sukhazIlatA tathA adhairyarUpa mAnasika hiMsA ke tyAga kA rahasya sannihita thaa| isI para mahAvIra ne bhAra diyA thaa| bhagavatI sUtra meM tapa ke bAhya aura Abhyantara bheda batAte hue kahA hai ki pramAda Adi ko nAza karane ke liye tathA Avazyaka Atmabala prApta karane ke liye zarIra, indriya aura mana ko vaza me rakhane kA nAma tapa hai|5 samaMtabhadra ne likhA hai ki AdhyAtmika tapa kA poSaNa karane ke liye hI parama duzcara bAhya tapa kiyA jAtA hai| isa se spaSTa hai ki mahAvIra ke dharma me bAhya tapa gauNa thA aura aMtaraMga zaddhi hI ekamAtra usa kA uddezya thaa| acelakatva ke upadeza kA yahI artha thA ki nagna rahakara, apanI AvazyatAe~ adhika se adhika ghaTAkara Atmazuddhi prApta karanI cAhiye / sUtrakRtAMga meM kahA hai ki bhale hI koI nagna avasthA meM vicare, yA eka eka mahIne taka upavAsa kare, parantu yadi usa ke mana meM kakacUpama sutta 25.7 bRhatsvayaMbhU stotra, kuMthujina stotra 83

Page #33
28 mahAvIra vardhamAna 39 mAyA hai to use siddhi milanevAlI nhiiN| " prAcArya kundakunda ne yahI kahA hai ki vastra tyAgakara bhujAyeM laTakAkara cAhe koTi varSa tapa karo parantu aMtaraMga zuddhi ke binA mokSa nahIM hotA / " isa se spaSTa hai ki mahAvIra ne korI nagnatA kA samarthana nahIM kiyA / vAstava meM jo sarala ho, mumukSu ho, aura mAyA rahita ho usI ko saccA muni kahA gayA hai| kezI-gautama ke saMvAda meM pArzvanAtha kI paraMparA ke anuyAyI kezI ne jaba mahAvIra ke ziSya gautama se prazna kiyA ki mahAvIra kA dharma acelaka hai aura pArzvanAtha kA sacela, to phira donoM kA samanvaya kaise ho sakatA hai ? isa para gautama ne uttara diyA ki hai mahAmune ! mokSa ke vAstavika sAdhana to jJAna, darzana aura cAritra hai, liMga yA veza gauNa hai; liMga sAdhya kI siddhi meM sAdhana mAtra hai, use svayaM sAdhya samajha lenA bhUla hai / " vAstava meM isI tapa kA Adarza upasthitakara dIrgha tapasvI mahAvIra apane dharma kI bhitti khar3e kara sake aura Atma-saMyama, Atma-anuzAsana aura Atma-vijaya ko itanA ucca sthAna de sake / tapa aura tyAga kI ucca bhAvanA hI manuSya ko ahiMsA ke samIpa lAkara saMsAra kI adhikAdhika zAMti meM abhivRddhi kara sakatI hai, yahI mahAvIra vardhamAna kA pradeza thaa| apane uddezya taka pahu~cane me kitane hI kaSTa kyoM na Aye, parantu tapasvI jana apane mArga meM sadA aTala rahate hai / koI unheM gAlI de yA unakI stuti kare to bhI usa meM ve samabhAva dhAraNa karate haiM / kartavya-patha para DaTakara khaDe rahane se hI manuSya kaThina aura dussaha kaThinAiyoM para jaya 2.1.6 bhAvaprAbhRta 4 39 zrAcArAMga 1.3.16 uttarAdhyayana 23.26-33 38

Page #34
samAnatA-janma se jAti kA virodha 26 prApta kara sakatA hai, " anyathA jahA~ vaha jarA DhIlA par3A ki Upara se girakara eka dama nIce pahu~ca jAtA hai / isIliye mahAvIra ne kahA hai ki "he zramaNo ! pahale apane sAtha yuddha karo, pahale Atmazuddhi karo, bAhara yuddha karane se kucha milane vAlA nahI / 43 tapa aura tyAga kA mArga zUroM kA mArga hai; yaha lohe ke cane cAbane ke samAna kaThora, bAlukA kA grAsa bhakSaNa karane ke samAna zuSka, gaMgA nadI ke pravAha ke viruddha tairane ke samAna kaThina, samudra ko bhujAoM dvArA pAra karane ke samAna dustara tathA asidhArA para calane ke samAna bhayaMkara / tapasvI jana isa mArga para ekAnta-dRSTi rakhakara, atyanta prayatnazIla hokara, apanI samasta pravRttiyoM ko saMkucitakara AcaraNa karate haiN| " dUsare zabdoM meM, tapa aura tyAga kA artha hai Atmadamana karanA, dUsaroM ke sukha ke liye kaSTa sahana karanA, una ke kaSTanivAraNa ke liye apane sukha ko nyochAvara kara denA, una ke hita meM apanA hita mAnanA tathA apane tapa aura tyAga dvArA una ke sAtha samacitta ho jAnA / mahAvIra ne apane tapasvI jIvana dvArA hameM yahI pATha sikhAyA thA / itanI ucca bhAvanAye ho jAne para nirbhayatA aura sAhasapUrvaka kArya karane kI pravRtti manuSya meM svayaM zrA jAtI hai / 6 samAnatA - janma se jAti kA virodha hiMsA ko sAmUhika rUpa dene ke liye mahAvIra ke upadezoM meM samatA ke Upara adhika se adhika bhAra diyA gayA hai| unhoM ne batAyA ki ahiMsA kI 01 zrAcArAMga 6.2.180 42 2 sUtrakRtAMga 1.3 to zrAcArAMga 5.2.154 'nAyAdhammakA 1, pR0 28 ( baidya eDIzana ) 44

Page #35
30 mahAvIra vardhamAna pratiSThA ke liye adhikAdhika samatA kI AvazyakatA hai| jaba taka hama U~ca-nIca kA, choTe-bar3e kA, dhanavAna-nirdhana kA bhAva poSaNa karate haiM, taba taka hama ahiMsaka nahI kahe jA sakate / mahAvIra ke upadezAnusAra samasta jIva eka samAna hai, una meM U~ca-nIca kI buddhi rakhakara manuSya hiMsaka vRtti kA poSaNa karatA hai| uttarAdhyayana satra meM jayaghoSa mani aura vijayaghoSa brAhmaNa kA suMdara saMvAda AtA hai / jayaghoSa jaba vijayaghoSa kI yajJazAlA meM bhikSA mA~gane gaye to vijayaghoSa ne yaha kahakara muni ko bhagA diyA ki usa ke ghara vedapAThI, yajJArthI aura jyotiSAMga jAnanevAle brAhmaNoM ko hI bhikSA milatI hai| usa samaya jayaghoSa muni ne batAyA ki cAhe koI bhI ho, jo apanA aura dUsaroM kA kalyANa kara sake vahI brAhmaNa kahA jA sakatA hai; saccA brAhmaNa vaha hai jisa ne rAga, dveSa, aura bhaya para vijaya prApta kI hai, jo apanI indriyoM para nigraha rakhatA hai, kabhI mithyA-bhASaNa nahIM karatA, tathA jo sarva prANiyoM ke hita meM rata rahatA hai| kevala sira muMDA lene se koI zramaNa nahIM kahA jAtA, OMkAra kA jApa karane se brAhmaNa nahI ho jAtA, jaMgala meM vAsa karane se koI muni nahIM ho jAtA, tathA kuza-vastra dhAraNa karane se koI tapasvI nahIM ho jaataa| vAstava me samatA se zramaNa hotA hai, brahmacarya se brAhmaNa hotA hai, jJAna se muni hotA hai aura tapa se tapasvI hotA hai| saca pUchA jAya to manuSya apane apane karmo se brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya aura zUdra kahA jAtA hai, kisI jAti-vizeSa meM utpanna hone se nhiiN|" jaina graMthoM meM jJAna, pUjA, kula, jAti, bala, Rddhi, tapa aura zarIra isa " vahI, 25.23, 26-31 tulanA karo-mA brAhmaNa dAru samAvahAno, suddhi amaci bahiddhA hi etam / na hi te na suddhi kusalA vadanti, yo bAhirena parisuddhi icche /

Page #36
samAnatA-janma se jAti kA virodha prakAra pATha taraha ke mada batAte hue kahA hai ki jo puruSa ina madoM ke kAraNa anya dhArmika puruSoM kA anAdara karatA hai, vaha svayaM dharma kA anAdara karatA hai, kyoMki dhArmika puruSoM ke binA dharma nahI cltaa| yahA~ samyagdarzana se yukta cAMDAla ko bhI pUjanIya batAkara usa ke prati sanmAna prakaTa kiyA hai| raviSeNa Adi prAcAryoM ne padmapurANa Adi zAstroM meM guNoM se jAti mAnakara ukta siddhAMta kA samarthana kiyA hai| Age calakara jaina nayAyikoM ne bhI jAtivAda ke khaMDana meM aneka tarka upasthita kiye haiN| dUsarI jagaha harikeza nAmaka cAMDAla-kulotpanna jaina bhikSu kA ullekha AtA hai| eka bAra harikeza muni kisI yajJazAlA me bhikSA mA~gane gaye; vahA~ jAtimada se unmatta rAjapurohita ne unhe bhikSA dene se inkAra kara diyA aura kahA ki yajJa karanevAle jAti aura vidyAyukta brAhmaNa hI dAna ke satpAtra hai| isa para harikeza ne upadeza diyA ki krodha Adi vAsanAoM ke mana meM rahate hue kevala veda paDha lene se athavA amuka jAti me paidA ho hitvA ahaM brAhmaNa dAruvAham, ajjhatthaM evaM jalayAmi joti / niccagginI niccasamAhitatto, arahaM ahaM brahmacarya carAmi // (saMyuttanikAya, brAhmaNasaMyutta 1,6) artha- he brAhmaNa ! lakar3iyA~ jalAne se zuddhi nahIM hotI, yaha kevala bAhya zuddhi hai| mai bAhya zuddhi ko tyAgakara AdhyAtmika agni jalAtA hU~; merI agni hamezA jalatI rahatI hai, maiM hamezA usameM tapta rahatA hU~, mai ahaMta hU~, aura mai brahmacarya kA pAlana karatA hU~ 46 ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra 1.25-26 * 5.164, 6.206-10, 11.194-204 "dekho prameyakamalamArtaNDa pR0 143

Page #37
32 mahAvIra vardhamAna jAne se koI ucca nahIM ho sakatA; jala meM snAnakara ke yajJa Adi meM prANiyoM kI hiMsA karane se antaHkaraNa kI zuddhi nahIM hotii| asalI yajJa hai indriya-nigraha, tapa usa yajJa kI agni hai, jIva agni-sthAna hai, mana, vacana aura kAya-yoga usa kI kar3achI hai, zarIra agni ko pradIpta karanevAlA sAdhana hai, karma Idhana hai tathA saMyama zAMti-maMtra hai| jitendriya puruSa dharmarUpI jalAzaya meM snAnakara, brahmacaryarUpI zAMti-tIrtha meM nahAkara zAMtiyajJa karate haiM, vahI vAstavika yajJa hai, vahI dharma hai / buddha ne bhI hiMsAmaya yajJa-yAga Adi kA virodha kiyA thaa| bauddhadharma me trizaraNa, zikSA, zIla, samAdhi aura prajJA nAmaka yajJa batAye gaye haiM jina meM tela, dahI Adi se homa karanA aura daridroM ko dAna denA batAyA hai| jAtivAda ke saMbaMdha meM yahA~ yaha kaha denA Avazyaka hai ki vedakAla meM jo cAtuvarNya kI racanA kI gaI thI usa kA abhiprAya yathAyogya kArya-vibhAjana se thA, parantu Age calakara jaba yaha vyavasthA janmagata mAnI jAne lagI to mahAvIra aura buddha ko isa kA virodha karanA par3A. malataH isa vyavasthA meM doSa nahIM thaa| __brAhmaNa aura kSatriyoM ke atirikta mahAvIra ke anuyAyI aneka gRhapati (kRSipradhAna vaizya) tathA kumhAra, luhAra, julAhe, mAlI, kisAna Adi karmakara loga the| mahAvIra ne aneka mleccha, cora, DAka, macchImAra, vezyA, tathA cAMDAlaputroM ko dIkSA dI thii| svayaM ve nagara ke bAhara luhAra, bar3haI, julAhe, kumhAra Adi kI zAlAoM meM Thaharate the aura unheM dharmopadeza dekara apane dharma kA pracAra karate the / saca pUchA jAya to jainadharma kA mArga saba ke liye khulA thA, vaha dharma janatA kA thA aura usa meM koI bhI pAkara dIkSita ho sakatA thaa| zAstroM meM kahA hai ki mahAvIra ke samavazaraNa (dharmasabhA) meM kisI bhI jAti kA manuSya Akara 49 uttarAdhyayana 12 50 dIghanikAya, kUTadanta sutta

Page #38
samAnatA-janma se jAti kA virodha dharma-zravaNakara kalyANa-patha kA pathika bana sakatA hai / jina kA loga pasita kahakara anAdara karate the, jinhe dharma-zravaNa kA anadhikArI mAnate the, jinheM una ke tathAkathita peze Adi ke kAraNa dharmapAlana kI manAI thI, aise patitoM, pIr3itoM aura zoSitoM ko U~ce uThAkara mahAvIra ne nissandeha jana-samAja kA mahAn kalyANa kiyA thaa| dhanikoM aura samRddhizAliyo ko mahAvIra kA upadeza thA ki ai sAsArika manuSyo ! kAma-bhogoM se, bhoga-vilAsa se kabhI tRpti nahIM ho sakatI, ataeva apanI AvazyakatAo ko kama karo, apanI icchAoM para niyatraNa rakkho, sonA, cA~dI, gAya, baila, kheta, gADI, ghoDA, vastra, khAna-pAna, itara-phulela, alakAraAbhUSaNa Adi jo tumhAre ghara aparimita mAtrA me bhare paDe hai una kA parimANakara dUsaro ko ArAma pahu~cAno jisa se anya loga bhI ina vastuoM kA yathAyogya upabhoga kara ske| mahAvIra ke pacavrato meM jo aparigraha vrata hai usa kA yahI artha hai ki jahA~ taka ho apanI AvazyakatAmo para, mithyA vAsanApro para akuza rakkho; ahisaka puruSa sagrahazIla nahI ho sakatA, usa kA to samasta sagraha, saba dhana-dhAnya, rupayA-paisA paropakAra ke liye hai / dUsaro ko bhUkhe marate dekhakara, naMgA dekhakara vaha zAnti se nahIM baiTha sakatA / jisa mahAvIra ke pravacana me itanI udAratA thI, prANimAtra kA dukha dUra karane kI dRr3ha vRtti thI, usa me phira jAti-pAMti kA, choTe-bar3e kA aura dhanavAn-nirdhana kA kyA bheda ho sakatA hai ? jaina zAstroM me bhIla aura brAhmaNa kI eka kathA AtI hai-bhIla aura brAhmaNa donoM ziva jI ke bhakta the| brAhmaNa patra, puSpa, gUgala, caMdana Adi se ziva jI kI pUjA karatA thA jaba ki bhIla ke pAsa ye saba uttamottama vastue~ nahI thI, ataeva vaha nAca gAkara hI bhakti karatA thaa| parantu phira bhI ziva jI bhIla ko adhika cAhate the; brAhmaNa ne isa kA kAraNa pUchA / ziva jI ne 51 upAsakadazA 1

Page #39
34 mahAvIra vardhamAna eka dina apanI A~kha phoDa DAlI / brAhmaNa prAyA aura yathAvat pUjA, satkAra karake calA gyaa| thoDI dera bAda bhIla AyA / usa ne ziva jI kI eka A~kha gAyaba dekhakara bhaTa apanI praoNkha nikAlakara una ke lagA dI / jaba brAhmaNa ko patA lagA to usa kI samajha meM AyA ki kyoM ziva jI bhIla ko cAhate hai / 52 yaha laukika udAharaNa yadyapi bhakti aura mAna kI utkRSTatA pradarzita karane ke liye diyA gayA hai lekina isa se patA lagatA hai ki jainadharma meM U~ca-nIca tathA nirarthaka bAhyADaMbara ke liye koI sthAna nahI thaa| manuSya apane karma se apane guNa se aura apanI mehanata se hI ucca pada prApta kara sakatA hai, na koI U~cA hai na koI nIcA, yaha mahAvIra kA alaukika saMdeza thA / 7 striyoM kA ucca sthAna ke viSaya meM mahAvIra bahuta udAra the| usa yuga me striyoM kI baDI durdazA thii| koI unheM mAyAvI kahatA thA, koI kRtaghna kahatA thA, koI cacala kahatA thA, koI kAmAgni se dhadhakatI huI agni kahatA thA, aura koI naraka kI khAna batAtA thA / smRtikAro ne kahA hai ki strI ko kisI bhI avasthA 'svataMtra na rahane denA cAhiye / buddhadeva jaise jIvana ke kalAkAra upadezaka ke sAmane jaba strI -dIkSA kA prazna zrAyA to unheM isa viSaya para kAfI vicAra karanA pdd'aa| pahale to unhoMne bhikSuNI ko apane sagha me sthAna dene se inkAra kara diyA, parantu apanI mausI mahAprajApati gautamI ke bahuta Agraha karane para unhoM ne use sagha me dAkhila kiyA, yadyapi Age calakara 52 'bRhatkalpa bhASya pIThikA pR0 253 culavagga 10.1

Page #40
striyoM kA ucca sthAna 35 buddha ne striyoM ke prati kAphI sammAna kA pradarzana kiyA hai| aisI dazA meM mahAvIra ne caturvidha sagha meM striyoM ko mahattvapUrNa sthAna diyA thA / prAcIna jaina zAstro me saikaDo mahilAo ke nAma milate hai jinho ne mahAvIra kI dharmakathA sunakara AtmakalyANa kiyA / " candanabAlA, jise kauzAbI ke seTha ne bAjAra se kharIdA thA aura seTha kI strI ne jisa kA sira ustare se muMDavAkara aura pairo me beDiyA~ DAlakara eka ghara me bandakara diyA thA, mahAvIra kI prathama ziSyA aura una ke bhikSuNI sagha kI adhiSThAtrI thI / 14 isI prakAra rAjImatI ne apane sayama aura tyAga dvArA jo apane caritra kI ujvalatA kA paricaya diyA hai, vaha kisI bhI puruSa ke liye spRhaNIya hai / sasAra ke sukho kA tyAgakara ariSTanemi ke padacihnoM kA anugamana karanA tathA svacaritra se skhalita hote hue ariSTanemi ke bhrAtA rathanemi ko sayama meM sthira rakhanA yaha rAjImatI jaisI vIrAganA kA hI kAma thA / " jaina grantho me strI- ratna cakravartI ke caudaha ratno me se eka mAnA gayA hai, " tathA yaha kahA gayA hai ki jaila, agni, cora-DAkU, duSkAla-janya Adi sakaTa upasthita hone para sarvaprathama strI kI rakSA karanI cAhiye / ' celanA rAjagRha ke rAjA zreNika kI rAnI thii| eka bAra mahAvIra ke darzana karake lauTate samaya usa ne rAste me tapa karate hue eka sAdhu ko dekhaa| vaha ghara Akara rAta ko so gaI / sayogavaza sote sote usa kA hAtha palaMga ke nIce laTaka gayA aura ThaDha ke mAre sunna ho gyaa| rAnI kI jaba A~kha khulI to usa ke zarIra me prasahya vedanA thii| usa 57. 58 ke muMha se acAnaka nikala paDA dekho antagaDa 5, 7, 8, nAyAdhammakahA; mUlAcAra 4.166 55 kalpasUtra 5.135 56 uttarAdhyayana 22 'jaMbUdvIpaprajJapti 3. 67 bRhatkalpa bhASya 4.4346 57 58

Page #41
36 mahAvIra vardhamAna ki oha / usa bicAre kA kyA hAla hogaa| rAjA bhI vahI soyA huA thA / usa ne jaba ye vAkya sune to use sadeha huA ki celanA ne kisI parapuruSa 'ko saMketa sthAna para bulAyA hai aura saMbhavata aba vaha na A sakegA, isIliye yaha aisA kaha rahI hai / prAta kAla zreNika ne apane maMtrI abhayakumAra ko bulAkara samasta prata pura jalA dene kI AjJA dI, aura svayaM apanI zakA dUra karane ke liye mahAvIra ke pAsa phuNcaa| vahA~ jAkara zreNika ko mAlUma huA ki celanA pativratA hai| isa para usa ne apanA sira dhuna liyA / parantu kuzala maMtrI abhayakumAra ne abhI taka ata pura nahI jalAyA thA / abhayakumAra ko rAjA zreNika ke isa nindya baratAva para baDI ghRNA huI, use sasAra se vairAgya ho AyA, aura usa ne mahAvIra ke caraNo me baiThakara dIkSA le lI / abhayakumAra kI isa dIkSA me nissandeha eka baDA bhArI rahasya thA, baDI vedanA thI, jisa kA artha hai ki strI jAti ke caritra ko kalakita karanevAlA, usa ke viSaya meM zakAzIla rahanevAlA puruSa cAhe vaha koI bhI ho adhama hai aura usakI cAkarI meM rahanA yogya nahI / yadyapi isa saMbadha me yaha bAta na bhUlanA cAhiye ki tatkAlIna vAtAvaraNa ke prabhAva ke kAraNa jaina graMtha strI - nindA se achUte na raha sake, jisa kA eka pradhAna kAraNa thA sAdhuo ko sayama meM sthira rakhanA / jo kucha bhI ho apane magha me strI ko mukhya sthAna dekara mahAvIra ne strI jAti kA mahattva svIkAra kiyA thA / pAli grantho me AtA hai ki kozala ke rAjA prasenajit ke ghara jaba kanyA kA janma huA to rAjA bahuta udAsa huA, usa samaya buddha ne use samajhAyA ki he rAjan ! putrI baDI hokara buddhizAlI aura suzIlA hokara pativratA ho sakatI hai, aura guNavAn putra ko janma dekara mamAra kA mahAn kalyANa kara sakatI hai, ataeva tU apanI putrI kA acchI taraha pAlana-poSaNa kara / " nissandeha mahAvIra aura buddha ne strI jAti ko U~cA uThAkara 'saMyuttanikAya 32,6 GO vahI, pIThikA, pR0 57-8 60

Page #42
Izvara-kartRtva-niSedha--puruSArtha kA mahattva 37 yaha batAyA thA ki usa me apAra zakti hai, vaha apanI tIvra zraddhA aura bhAvanAvega se cAhe jo kara sakatI hai aura sAtha hI vaha apane asIma mAtRprema dvArA puruSa ko preraNA aura zakti pradAnakara samAja kA kalyANa kara sakatI hai| 8 Izvara-kartRtva-niSedha-puruSArtha kA mahattva mahAvIra kA kathana thA ki prAtmavikAsa kI sarvocca avasthA kA nAma Izvara hai / jaba manuSya rAga-dveSa se vimukta ho jAtA hai-~-arthAt manuSya Izvara bana sakatA hai- to phira use sasAra kI sRSTi ke prapaca meM par3ane se kyA lAbha ? tathA yadi Izvara dayAlU hai, sarvajJa hai to phira usa kI sRSTi me anyAya, aura utpIDana kyo hotA hai ? kyoM sava prANI sukha aura zAti se nahI rahate ? ataeva yadi Izvara apanI sRSTi ko, apanI prajA ko suravI nahI rakha sakatA to usa se kyA lAbha ? phira yahI kyoM na mAnA jAya ki manupya apane apane karmoM kA phala bhogatA hai, jo jaisA karatA hai, vaisA pAtA hai| Izvara ko kartA mAnane se, use sarvajJa svIkAra karane se hama prArabdhavAdI bana jAte hai aura kisI vastu para hama svatatratApUrvaka vicAra nahI kara skte| acchA hotA hai to Izvara karatA hai, burA karatA hai to Izvara karatA hai, Adi vicAra manuSya ko puruSArthahIna banAkara janahita se vimukha kara dete hai| mahAvIra ne ghoSaNA kI thI ki ai manuSyo ! tuma jo cAhe kara sakate ho, jo cAhe bana sakate ho, apane bhAgya ke vidhAtA tumhI ho, puruSArthapUrvaka, buddhipUrvaka, aMdhazraddhA ko tyAgakara Age bar3he calo, iSTasiddhi avazya hogii| buddha ne eka sthAna para kahA hai ki kisI bAta me kevala isaliye vizvAsa mata karo ki use mai kahatA hU~ yA bahuta se loga use mAnate cale Aye hai, isaliye vizvAsa mata karo ki vaha tumhAre prAcAryoM kI kahI huI bAta hai yA tumhAre dharmagranthoM meM likhI huI hai, balki

Page #43
38 mahAvIra varSamAna pratyeka bAta ko apane vyaktigata anubhava kI kasauTI para jA~co; yadi tumheM vaha apane tathA zrauroM ke liye hitakara jAna par3e to use mAna lo, na jAna par3e to chor3a do / " kitanA sundara upadeza hai ! 6 mahAvIra kA dharma - Atmadamana kI pradhAnatA mahAvIra kA sIdhA-sAdA upadeza thA ki Atmadamana karo, apane Apa ko pahacAno aura sva-para-kalyANa karane ke liye tapa aura tyAgamaya jIvana bitaao| 'kisI jIva ko na satAo, jhUTha mata bolo -- jo eka bAra kaha do use pUrA karo, corI mata karo - AvazyakatA se adhika vastu para apanA adhikAra mata rakkho, parastrI ko mA~-bahana samajho, tathA sapatti kA yathAyogya ba~TavArA hone ke liye dhana ko baTorakara mata rakkho' saMkSepa me yahI paMca pApa-nivRtti kA upadeza thA jo hara kisI ko samajha me A sakatA haiM / 'karmamala ke kAraNa, sAMsArika vAsanAoM ke kAraNa manuSya kA vikAsa nahIM ho pAtA, pramAda ke kAraNa vAsanAoM ke saskAra -prAkara jamA hote jAte haiM, una kA rokanA Avazyaka hai jo viveka se hI saMbhava hai / jaba manuSya ko yaha viveka ho jAtA hai, use sva aura para kA jJAna ho jAtA kalyANa kA sAkSAtkArakara kalyANapatha kA pathika banatA hai', yahI mahAvIra ke sapta tattvoM kA rahasya hai / jainadharma ke anusAra AtmavikAsa kI caudaha zreNiyA~ haiM, jinhe guNasthAna kahate haiM / jisa samaya manuSya uccatama zreNI para pahu~ca jAtA hai usa samaya use kucha karanA bAqI nahI raha jAtA, vaha kRtakRtya ho jAtA hai, usa kI saba gutthiyA~ sulajha jAtI hai, graMthiyA~ saba TUTa jAtI hai aura vaha zrAtmAnubhava kI, Ananda kI carama avasthA hotI aura vaha 'aMguttaranikAya 1, kAlAmasutta 61

Page #44
anekAMtavAda hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate hai ki mahAvIra ne Atma-vikAsa, Atma-anuzAsana aura Atma-vijaya para hI jora diyA hai| vAstava me kalyANa-mArga ko bhale prakAra samajha lenA hI kevalitva yA sarvajJatva hai, yahI prAtma-jJAna kI prakarSatA hai aura isI ko tattvajJAna kahate hai / jahA~-tahA~ mahAvIra kA yahI upadeza hotA thA ki dUsaroM ko kaSTa mata do, dUsaroM ke dukha me apanA dukha samajho, isI meM saba kA kalyANa hai, isI meM mokSa hai, usa ke liye na Izvara kI AvazyakatA hai, na kisI bAhyADabara kI AvazyakatA hai, AvazyakatA hai Atmazuddhi kI jo tumhAre hAtha me hai, ataeva apane Apa ko pahacAno aura apane AcaraNa dvArA dUsaroM kA kalyANa kro| 10 anekAMtavAda anekAta ahisA kA hI vyApaka rUpa hai| rAga-dveSajanya saskAroM ke vazIbhUta na hokara dUsare ke dRSTibindu ko ThIka ThIka samajhane kA nAma anekAMta hai ; isa se manuSya me tathya ko hRdayagama karane kI vRtti kA udaya hotA hai jisa se satya ke samajhane me sugamatA hotI hai| anekAtavAda ke anusAra kisI bhI mata yA siddhAta ko pUrNarUpa se satya nahIM mAna skte| pratyeka mata apanI apanI paristhitiyoM aura 'samasyAo ko lekara udbhUta huA hai, ataeva pratyeka mata meM apane-apane Dhaga kI vizeSatAye hai| anekAntavAdI una saba kA samanvayakara usa me se janopayogI mArga nikAlakara Age bar3hatA hai| anekAMtavAda ke anusAra pratyeka siddhAMta me kisI na kisI dRSTi se sacAI hai / jaba taka manuSya apane hI dharma yA siddhAnta ko ThIka samajhatA rahatA hai, apanI hI bAta ko parama satya mAnA karatA hai, usa meM dUsare ke dRSTibindu ko samajhane kI vizAlatA nahIM A pAtI aura vaha kUpa-maNDUka banA rahatA hai / upAdhyAya yazovijaya jI ne kahA hai ki saccA anekAMtI kisI bhI darzana se dveSa nahIM karatA, vaha samasta darzanoM ke prati

Page #45
mahAvIra varSamAna isa prakAra samabhAva rakhatA hai jaise pitA apane putroM ke prati / vAstava meM anekAMtavAda-~mAnasika zuddhi- hI zAstroM kA gUr3ha rahasya hai, yahI dharma hai; ise prApta kara lene para zAstroM ke eka pada kA jJAna prApta kara lenA bhI paryApta hai anyathA karor3oM zAstra par3ha jAne se bhI koI lAbha nhiiN|' vAstava meM dekhA jAya to upazama vRtti hI mahAvIra ke zrAmaNya-dharma kI bhitti rahI hai, isI bhAvanA ko abhivyakta karane ke liye unhoM ne ahiMsA arthAt tapa aura tyAga, tathA anekAMta arthAt mAnasika zuddhi para jora diyA hai / unakA kahanA thA ki satya ApekSika hai, vastu kA pUrNarUpa se trikAlAbAdhita darzana honA kaThina hai, usa meM deza, kAla, paristhiti Adi kA bheda honA anivArya hai, ataeva hameM vyartha ke vAda-vivAdoM meM na par3akara ahisA aura tyAgamaya jIvana bitAnA cAhi, yahI paramArtha hai| anekAMta hame abhiniveza se, Agraha se mukta karatA hai ; aAgrahI puruSa kI yukti usa kI buddhi kA anugamana karatI hai jaba ki niSpakSa puruSa kI--anekAtI kI-buddhi usa kI yukti ke pIche pIche daur3atI hai / 65 saca pUchA jAya to anekAMta kA mAnanevAlA rAga, dveSarUpa AtmA ke vikAroM para vijaya prApta karane kA satata prayatna karatA rahatA hai, dUsare ke siddhAMtoM ko vaha Adara kI dRSTi se, judA judA pahaluoM se dekhatA hai aura vizAla bhAva se virodhoM kA samanvayakara kalyANa kA mArga khoja nikAlatA hai| anekAMta vastutattva ko samajhane kI eka dRSTi kA nAma hai, ataeva use avyavahArya tarkavAda kA rUpa dekara jJAna kA dvAra banda kara denA ThIka nhiiN| 6 adhyAtmopaniSad 61,71 6 prAgrahI bata ninISati yukti tatra, yatra matirasya niviSTA / pakSapAtarahitasya tu yuktiryatra, tatra matireti nivezam // (haribhadra)

Page #46
sAdhunoM ke kaSTa aura unakA tyAga 11 caturvidha saMgha kI yojanA - sAdhutroM ke kaSTa aura unakA tyAga apane siddhAMtoM kA pracAra karane ke liye, unheM jana-samAja taka pahu~cAne ke liye mahAvIra ne sAdhu, sAdhvI, zrAvaka aura zrAvikA isa prakAra caturvidha saMgha kI sthApanA kI thI / itihAsa se patA lagatA hai ki prAcIna bhArata meM aneka prakAra ke saMgha tathA gaNa maujUda the| jaina tathA bauddha granthoM 64 41 aThAraha zreNiyoM kA z2ikara AtA hai, jina meM sunAra, citere, dhobI Adi pezevara zAmila the / ye zreNiyoM pezoM ko lekara banI thIM, jAti ko nahIM / Ajakala kI yUniyana yA esosiezana kI taraha ye zreNiyA~ hotI thI aura rAjA taka inakI pahu~ca hotI thI / yadi ina ke kisI sadasya ke sAtha koI durvyavahAra yA anyAya hotA thA to ye loga rAjA ke pAsa jAkara nyAya kI mA~ga karate the / isI prakAra vyApAriyoM kI esosiezana hotI thI / ye vyApArI loga vividha prakAra kA mAla lekara sArthavAha ke netRtva meM bar3e as bhayAnaka jaMgala Adi pAra karate the / sArthavAha dhanurvidyA, zAsana, vyavasthA Adi meM kuzala hotA thA tathA rAjA kI anumatipUrvaka sArtha ( kAravA~ ) ko lekara calatA thaa| vyApAriyoM ke Thaharane, bhojana, auSadhi Adi kA prabaMdha sArthavAha hI karatA thA / isake atirikta prAkRta granthoM meM malla gaNa, hastipAla gaNa, sArasvata gaNa Adi gaNoM kA ullekha AtA hai / malla gaNa ke viSaya meM kahA hai ki ina logoM meM paraspara bahuta aikya thA, tathA jaba koI unake gaNa kA anAtha puruSa mara jAtA thA to ye loga milakara usakI antyeSTi kriyA karate the, tathA eka dUsare kI madada karate the / malla kSatriyoM meM jaina tathA bauddhadharma kA bahuta pracAra thA / ina ke bagauchiyA 'sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi, pR0 28

Page #47
mahAvIra vardhamAna gotra tathA majhaulI rAjavaMza kA ullekha kalpasUtra me krama se vagyAvacca gutta (vyAghrApatya gotra) aura majjhimillA zAkhA ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai| isI prakAra mahAvIra aura buddha ne apane apane zramaNa saMgha kI sthApanA kI thii| ye zramaNa loga maThoM yA upAzrayoM meM rahate the, saikar3oM kI saMkhyA meM calate the, eka prAcArya ke netRtva meM rahate the aura saba eka jaise niyamoM kA pAlana karate the| jaina tathA bauddha zramaNa eka varSa meM varSA Rtu meM cAra mahIne eka sthAna para rahate the, bAqI ATha mahIne janapada-vihAra karate the| janapada-vihAra ke samaya batAyA hai ki sAdhu ko bhinna-bhinna dezoM kI bhASA tathA rIti-rivAjoM kA jJAna honA cAhiye / pAli grantho meM kahA hai ki bodhi prApta karane ke pazcAt buddha ne apane bhikSutroM se kahA thA, "he bhikSutro ! tuma loga bahujana-hita ke liye, bahujana-sukha ke liye cAroM dizAoM me jAo, tathA AraMbha, madhya aura ata me kalyANaprada mere dharma kA saba logoM ko upadeza do; eka sAtha eka dizA meM do mata jaao|"67 Aja se ar3hAI haz2Ara barasa ke pUrva ke avaijJAnika yuga me zramaNo ko kyA kyA kaSTa sahana karane par3ate the, Aja isa kI kalpanA karanA bhI kaThina hai| saba se prathama unheM paryaTana kA hI mahAn kaSTa thaa| na usa samaya saDake thI, na rel-mottrgaadd'ii| mArga me bar3e bar3e bhayAnaka jaMgala par3ate the jo hiMsra jantuoM se paripUrNa the| kahI bar3e-bar3e parvatoM ko lA~dhanA paDatA thA, kahI nadiyoM ko pAra karanA par3atA thA, aura kahI registAna me hokara jAnA " hathuprA aura tamakuhI ke bagauchiyA aAjakala bhUmihAra brAhmaNa kahe jAte haiM, tathA majhaulI ke rAjA sAhaba aAjakala bisena-rAjapUta kahe jAte hai| ye eka hI malla kSatriyoM ke vaMzadhara haiM (rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, purAtattva nibaMdhAvali, pR0 257) "dekho bRhatkalpa bhASya, 1.1226-40 " mahAvagga, mahAskaMdhaka

Page #48
sAdhunoM ke kaSTa aura unakA tyAga 43 par3atA thA / kahIM bhAr3a, kahIM jhAr3iyA~, kahIM kA~Te, kahI patthara, kahI gaDDhe aura kahIM khAiyA~ isa prakAra usa samaya ke mArga nAnA saMkaToM se prAkIrNa the / sAdhu loga prAyaH kAfaloM ke sAtha yAtrA karate the / " cora DAkuoM ke upadrava to usa samaya sarvasAdhAraNa the| usa z2amAne meM coroM ke gA~va ke gA~va basate the jinheM corapalli kahA jAtA thaa| ina coroM kA eka netA hotA thA aura saba cora usa ke netRtva meM rahate the / ye cora sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ko bahuta kaSTa dete the / " rAjyopadrava - janya sAdhuoM ke liye dUsarA mahAn saMkaTa thaa| rAjA ke mara jAne para deza me jaba arAjakatA phaila jAtI thI to sAdhuoM ko mahAn kaSTa hotA thA / usa samaya AsapAsa deza ke rAjA nRpavihIna rAjya para AkramaNa kara dete the aura donoM senAoM meM ghora yuddha hotA thA / aise samaya prAyaH sAdhu loga guptacara samajha pakar3a liye jAte the| kabhI vidharmI rAjA hone se jaina sAdhuoM ko bahuta kaSTa sahanA par3atA thA / jaba rAjA ina sAdhuoM ko vinaya Adi pradarzana karane kA Adeza detA to ve bar3e saMkaTa meM paDa jAte the / kabhI to unheM bauddha, kApAlika Adi sAdhuoM kA veSa banAkara bhAganA par3atA thA, jaise-taise anna para nirvAha karanA par3atA thA, tathA palAzavana aura kamala Adi ke tAlAba meM chipakara apanI prANa-rakSA karanI paDatI thI / vasatijanya sAdhunoM ko dUsarA kaSTa thA / vasati ---- upAzraya meM sarpa, bicchu, macchara, cITI, kuttoM Adi IT upadrava thaa| usa ke AsapAsa striyAM apanA bhrUNa DAlakara calI jAtI thIM, cora corI kA mAla rakhakara bhAga jAte the, tathA kucha loga vahA~ zrAtmaghAta kara lete the, isa se sAdhuoM ko bahuta satarka rahanA par3atA thA aura 68 bRhatkalpa bhASya, pR0 856-680 vahI, pR0 848-856 vahI, pR0 778- 787 1 nizItha cUrNi, pR0 367 69 70

Page #49
mahAvIra vardhamAna aksara unhe apane upAzraya kA paharA denA par3atA thA / 2 yogya vasati ke abhAva me sAdhuo ko vRkSa ke nIce ThaharanA paDatA thaa| bImAra ho jAne para sAdhuno ko aura bhI takalIpha hotI thii| rogI ko vaidya ke ghara le jAnA hotA thA, athavA vaidya ko apane upAzraya me bulAkara lAnA paDatA thaa| aisI hAlata me usa ke snAna-bhojana Adi kA, tathA AvazyakatA hone para usa kI phIsa kA prabaMdha karanA hotA thaa| duSkAla kI bhayakaratA aura bhI mahAn thii| pATaliputra kA durbhikSa jaina itihAsa me cirasmaraNIya rahegA jaba ki jaina sAdhupro ko yathocita bhikSA Adi ke abhAva meM anyatra jAkara rahanA par3A, jisa ke phalasvarUpa jaina Agama prAya naSTa-bhraSTa ho gye| aise sakaTa ke samaya sAdhuno ko bhikSA-prApti ke liye vividha upAyo kA avalabana lenA paDatA thA," tathA nirdoSa AhAra ke abhAva meM unheM kaccepakke tAla phala Adi para nirvAha karanA par3atA thaa| sAdhviyo kI kaThinAiyoM sAdhuo se bhI mahAna thI, aura unhe baDe dAruNa kaSTo kA sAmanA karanA par3atA thaa| yuvatI sAdhviyA~ tIna, pA~ca, yA sAta kI sakhyA me eka dUsare kI rakSA karatI huI vRddhA sAdhviyo me atarhita hokara bhikSA ke liye jAtI thI, aura ve apane zarIra ko kele ke vRkSa ke mamAna vastra se DhaoNkakara bAhara nikalatI thii| isa me sadeha nahIM bhikSu-bhikSuNIsagha kI sthApanAkara sacamuca mahAvIra ne jana-samAja kA mahAn hita kiyA thaa| ye bhikSa Arya-anArya dezo 'bRhatkalpa bhASya 3.4747-6 1600-72 1955-58 75 vahI, 1.806-62 "mUlAcAra 4.164 "bRhatkalpa bhASya 3.4106 ityAdi; 1.2443

Page #50
sAdhunoM ke kaSTa aura unakA tyAga me dUra-dUra paribhramaNakara zramaNadharma kA pracAra karate the aura samAja me ahiMsA kI bhAvanA phailAte the / bhojana-pAna kI ina kI vyavasthA zrAvaka aura zrAvikA karate the| mahAvIra ne buddha ke samAna apane bhikSuoM ko madhyamamArga kA upadeza nahI diyA thaa| mahAvIra bAra-bAra yahI upadeza dete the ki he AyuSmAn zramaNo! indriya-nigraha karo, sote, uThate, baiThate sadA jAgarUka raho aura eka kSaNa bhara bhI pramAda na karo; na jAne kaba kauna sA pralobhana Akara tumhe lakSyacyuta kara de, ataeva jaise apane Apa ko Apatti se bacAne ke liye kachumA apane aMga-pratyaMgoM ko apanI khopaDI me chipA letA hai, usI prakAra apane mana para kAbU rakkho aura apanI cacala manovRttiyoM ko idhara-udhara jAne se roko / bhikSu loga mahAvatoM kA pAlana karate the, ve apane liye banAyA huA bhojana nahI lete the, nimatrita hokara bhojana nahIM karate the, rAtri-bhojana nahI karate the, yaha saba isaliye jisa se dUsaroM ko kicinmAtra bhI klega na pahu~ce / saMnyAsiyoM ke samAna kandamUla phala kA bhakSaNa tyAgakara bhikSAvRtti para nirvAha karane kA artha bhI yahI thA ki jisa se zramaNa loga jana-mAdhAraNa ke adhika saparka me pA sake aura jana-samAja kA hita kara ske| yaha dhyAna rakhane kI bAta hai A sake aura jana-samAja kA hita kara saka ki jaina bhikSu ugna, bhoga, rAjanya, kSatriya, ikSvAku, harivaMza nAmaka kSatriya kuloM meM tathA vaizya, gvAle, nAI, bar3haI, julAhe Adi ke kuloM me hI bhikSA grahaNa kara sakate the, rAjakuloM me bhikSA lene kI unhe sakhta manAI thI, isa se jaina zramaNoM kI janasAdhAraNa taka pahu~cane kI anupama sAdha kA paricaya prAcArAMga 6.2.181, 6.3.182 rAtri meM bhikSA mAMgane jAte samaya bauddha bhikSu aMdhere meM gira par3ate the, striyA~ unheM dekhakara Dara jAtI thIM, prAdi kAraNoM se buddha ne rAtribhojana kI manAI kI thI (majjhimanikAya, lakuTikopama sutta) " prAcArAMga 2, 1.2.234; 1.3.244

Page #51
mahAvIra vardhamAna milatA hai| ina bhikSupro ne nissandeha mahAn tyAga kiyA thaa| pAda aura jaghA jina ke sUkha gaye hai, peTa kamara se laga gayA hai, haDDI-pasalI nikala AI hai, kamara kI haDDiyA~ rudrAkSa kI mAlA kI nAI eka eka karake ginI jA sakatI hai, chAtI gagA kI tarago ke samAna mAlUma hotI hai, bhujAye sUkhe hue sarpo ke samAna laTaka gaI hai, sira kA~pa rahA hai, vadana murajhAyA huA hai, A~khe adara ko gaDa gaI hai, baDI kaThinatA se calA jAtA hai, baiThakara uThA nahIM jAtA, bolane ke liye z2abAna nahIM khulatI," jina ke raudrarUpa ko dekhakara striyA~ cIkha mArakara bhAga jAtI hai / kitanA romAMcakArI dRzya hai ! bauddha bhikSumo ke liye kahA gayA hai ki prAsana mArakara baiThe hue bhikSu ke Upara pAnI barasakara yadi usa ke ghuTano taka A jAya to bhI ve apane dhyAna se calAyamAna nahI hote,2 rUkhA-sUkhA bhojana khAkara ve satuSTa rahate hai ; 83 cAra-pA~ca kaura khAne ke bAda yadi unhe kucha na mile to ve pAnI pIkara hI satoSa kara lete hai / eka bAra koI bauddha bhikSu bhikSA ke liye gA~va me gayA / vahA~ eka koDhI ne use kucha cAvala lAkara diye; cAvala ke sAtha koDhI kI u~galI bhI kaTakara bhikSApAtra meM gira par3I, parantu isa se bhikSu ke mana meM tanika bhI glAni utpanna nahI huii| yaha kucha mAmUlI tyAga nahI thA ! loka-kalyANa ke liye apane Apa ko utsarga kara dene kA itanA ucca Adarza bahuta durlabha hai / nissandeha apane tapa aura tyAga dvArA Atmotsarga kara dene kI tIvra lagana jaba taka na ho taba taka hama kisI kArya meM saphala nahIM ho skte| naI samAja kI racanA karanevAle tapasvI mahAvIra ne apane jIvana dvArA hame yahI zikSA dI thii| "anuttaropapAtikadazA pR0 66 2 theragAthA 985 "vahI, 982-3 "vahI, 580 vahI, 1054-6

Page #52
47 ahiMsA kA vyApaka rUpa-jagatkalyANa kI kasauTI 12 ahiMsA kA vyApaka rUpa jagatkalyANa kI kasauTI Upara kahA jA cukA hai ki saba jIva jInA cAhate hai, saba ko sukha priya hai, ataeva ahiMsA ko parama dharma mAnA gayA hai| parantu yaha vicAraNIya hai ki yadi kevala jIvavadha ko hI hiMsA kahA jAya to phira zvAsa lene meM aura calane-phirane meM bhI hiMsA hotI hai, ataeva ahiMsaka puruSa kA jInA hI kaThina ho jaaygaa| aise samaya zAstrakAroM ne kahA hai ki koI jIva mare yA na mare, parantu yadi manuSya jIvarakSA kA ThIka ThIka prayatna nahIM karatA hai to vaha hiMsaka hai, aura yadi vaha jIvarakSA kA ThIka ThIka prayatna karatA hai to vaha hiMsaka nahI hai / isa kA artha yaha huA ki jIvana-nirvAha ke liye jo kriyAya anivArya hoM una ke dvArA yadi jIvavadha ho to use hiMsA nahIM mAnanA caahiye| isI ko jaina zAstroM meM prAraMbhI hiMsA ke nAma se kahA gayA hai| parantu isa se bhI hiMsA-ahiMsA kI jaTilatA hala nahIM hotii| jIvana-nirvAha ke liye hama nAnA prakAra ke udyoga-dhaMdhe karate haiM, bImArI Adi kA ilAja karate haiM, athavA anyAyI, atyAcArI, cora, DAkU tathA zera Adi jagalI pazuoM ke AkramaNa se apanI rakSA karanA cAhate haiM, aise samaya hameM jIvita rahane ke liye apanI rakSA karanI par3atI hai, jisa meM dUsaroM kI hiMsA anivArya hai| ina hiMsAtroM ko jaina zAstroM meM krama se udyogI aura virodhI hiMsA ke nAma se kahA gayA hai| aisI hAlata meM hameM ahiMsA kI dUsarI vyAkhyA banAnI par3atI hai ki loka-kalyANa ke liye, 'adhika " maradu va jiyadu va jIvo ayadAcArassa NicchidA hiMsA / payavassa patthi baMdho hiMsAmetteNa samivassa // (pravacanasAra 3.17)

Page #53
48 mahAvIra vardhamAna tama prANiyo ke adhikatama sukha' kI bhAvanA ko lekara jo kArya kiyA jAya vaha ahisA hai, bAkI hisA hai| chedasUtro me 'alpatara sayama ko tyAgakara bahutara sayama grahaNa karane kA Adeza dete hue kahA gayA hai ki kabhI kabhI aise viSama prasaga upasthita hote hai ki sayama-pAlana kI apekSA AtmarakSA pradhAna ho jAtI hai, kyoki jIvita rahane para mumukSu jano ke prAyazcitta dvArA Atma-sazodhanakara adhika sayama kA pAlana kara sakane kI sabhAvanA hai| yahA~ yaha dhyAna me rakhanA Avazyaka hai ki prAcIna kAla me viSama paristhiti upasthita hone para apane saMgha kI rakSA karane ke liye jaina sAdhuno ko utsarga mArga choDakara aneka bAra apavAda mArga kA avalambana lenA paDatA thA jisa kI vistRta carcA cheda grantho me AtI hai| kAlakAcArya kI kathA jaina grantho me bahuta prasiddha hai--eka bAra una kI sAdhvI bhaginI ko pakaDakara ujjayinI ke rAjA gardabhilla ne apane ata para me rakhavA diyaa| kAlakAcArya ise kaise sahana kara sakate the, yaha sagha kA baDA bhArI apamAna thA | pahale to unho ne gardabhilla ko bahuta samajhAyAbujhAyA, parantu jaba vaha nahI mAnA to kAlakAcArya IrAna (pArasa) pahuMce aura vahA~ se chiyAnave zAho ko lAkara gardabhilla para caDhAI kara dii| tatpazcAt unho ne zAho ko ujjayinI ke takhta para baiThAkara apanI bhaginI ko puna dharma meM dIkSita kiyaa| isa kathAnaka ke jo citra upalabdha hue hai una me svaya kAlaka AcArya apane sAdha ke upakaraNa liye hue azvArUDha hokara zatru para bANa choDate hue dikhAye gaye haiN| zramaNa-saghoddhAraka samvattha saMjamaM saMjamAno appANameva rkkhNto| muccati prativAyAo puNo visohI Na tA virtii|| tumaM jIvaMto evaM pacchitteNa visohehisi aNNaM ca saMjamaM kAhisi (nizItha cUNi pIThikA, pR0 138) "vahI, 10, pR0 571

Page #54
hiMsA kA vyApaka rUpa -- jagatkalyANa kI kasauTI 42 viSNukumAra muni kI kathA digambara aura zvetAbara donoM grantho me prAtI hai / varSA Rtu meM sAdhu ko vihAra karanA niSiddha hai, parantu jaba viSNukumAra muni ko jJAta huA ki namuci nAmaka brAhmaNa rAjA hastinApura jaina zramaNoM ko mahAn kaSTa pahu~cA rahA hai to ve varSAkAla kI paravA na karake apanA dhyAna bhagakara hastinApura prAye aura namuci se tIna paira sthAna mA~gakara use samucita daNDa dekara zramaNa saMgha kI rakSA kI / bahuta bAra rAjA loga zramaNo ke dharma se dveSa karanevAle hote the aura isaliye ve unhe bahuta parezAna karate the / aisI asAdhAraNa paristhiti upasthita hone para kahA gayA hai ki jaise cANakya ne nando kA nAza kiyA, usI prakAra pravacanapradviSTa rAjA kA nAzakara sagha aura gaNa kI rakSAkara puNyopArjana karanA cAhiye / aneka bAra jaba zramaNiyA~ bhikSA ke liye paryaTana karatI thI to nagarI ke taruNa jana una kA pIchA karate the aura una ke sAtha ha~sI-maz2Aka karate the / aise Apaddharma ke avasara para batAyA hai ki astra-zastra me kuzala taruNa sAdhu zramaNI ke veSa me jAkara uddaNDa logo ko amuka samaya amuka sthAna para milane kA saMketa dekara unhe samucita daNDa de" / sukumAliyA sAdhvI kI kathA jaina graMtho me AtI hai - vaha atyanta rUpavatI thI, ataeva jaba vaha bhikSA ke liye jAtI to taruNa loga usa kA pIchA karate aura kabhI kabhI to upAzraya meM bhI ghusa jAte the / AcArya ko jaba yaha mAlUma huA to unhone sukumAliyA ke sAdhu bhrAtAo ko usa kI rakSA ke liye niyukta kiyaa| donoM bhAI rAjaputra hone ke kAraNa sahastra -yodhI the, ataeva jo koI una kI bahana se cheDachADa karatA use ve ucita daNDa dete the / 8 bRhatkalpa bhASya 3, pR0 880 vyavahAra bhASya 7, 10 64-5 ; 1, pR0 77 90 bRhatkalpa bhASya 2, pR0 608 "vahI, 5, pR0 1367-8 4

Page #55
mahAvIra vardhamAna yadyapi ukta udAharaNa apavAda avasthA ke haiM, parantu ye isa bAta ke are hai ki jaina bhikSu ApatkAla Ane para prAtatAyI janoM ko ucita daNDa dene ke liye jo bAdhya hue usa kA kAraNa thA ekamAtra lokahita -- zramaNasagha kI rakSA / Age calakara arvAcIna jaina grantho me jo hisA ke sakalpI, ArabhI, udyogI aura virodhI isa prakAra cAra bheda batAkara gRhastha ko sakalpI arthAt irAdepUrvaka, jAna bUjhakara kI huI hiMsA ko chor3akara bAkI tIna hisAye karane kI jo chUTa dI gaI hai vaha bhI yahI ghoSita karatA hai ki jagat kA kalyANa hI ahisA kI ekamAtra kasauTI hai / vAstava me ahisA, satya Adi guNa jaba taka sAmUhika rUpa na dhAraNa kara le taba taka unakA janahita kI dRSTi se koI mUlya nahI / jainadharma ne ahisA ke pAlana karane me koI aisI zarta nahI lagAI jisa se kisI rAjA yA kSatriya ko prajA kA pAlana karate samaya apane rAjakIya karttavya se cyuta honA paDe / isake viparIta jaina zAstro me zreNika, kUNika prajAtazatru, ceTaka, saprati, khAravela, kumArapAla Adi aneka rAjAo ke udAharaNa milate hai jinho ne prajA kI rakSArtha zatru se yuddha kiyaa| bharata Adi cakravartI rAjAoM kI digvijayo ke vistRta varNana bhI isa ke dyotaka hai / ataeva mAnanA hogA ki jima ahisA me lokakalyANa kI bhAvanA hai, janasamAja kA hita hai usI ko ahisA mAnanI cAhiye / jaina graMtho me eka rAjA kI kathA AtI hai. kisI rAjA ke tIna putra the / vaha una meM se eka ko rAjagaddI para baiThAnA cAhatA thA, parantu nizcaya na kara pAtA thA ki kisa ko baiThAnA cAhiye / eka dina rAjA ne tInoM rAjakumAroM kI thAliyoM meM khIra parosI aura vyAghra samAna bhayakara kuttoM ko una para chor3a diyaa| pahalA rAjakumAra kuttoM ke bhaya se apanI thAlI choDakara bhAga gayA, dUsare ne DaMDe se kuttoM ko mAra bhagAyA aura svayaM khIra khAtA rahA, tIsare rAjakumAra ne svaya bhI khIra khAI aura kuttoM ko bhI khAne diyA / rAjA tIsare rAjakumAra se 50

Page #56
jainadharma -- lokadharma 51 isa dRSTAMta se bahuta prasanna huA aura use rAjagaddI para baiThA diyA / patA lagatA hai ki ahisA meM lokahita kI tIvra bhAvanA thI / 13 jainadharma - lokadharma pahale kahA jA cukA hai ki mahAvIra kA dharma kisI vyakti vizeSa ke liye nahI thA, vaha janasAdhAraNa ke liye thA / jaina zAstroM meM kahA hai ki kevalajJAna hone ke pazcAt tIrthakara banane ke liye jagat ko upadeza dekara jagat kA kalyANa karanA paramAvazyaka hai, anyathA tIrthakara, tIrthakara nahI kahA jA sakatA / zramaNasaMgha kA to kAma hI yaha thA ki ve janapadavihAra kare, deza-dezAMtara paribhramaNa kare, aura apane Adarza jIvana dvArA, apane sadupadezoM dvArA prajA kA kalyANa kare / saMskRta bhASA ko tyAgakara lokabhASA -- mAgadhI athavA ardhamAgadhI ( jo magadha - bihAra prAnta kI bhASA thI ) meM mahAvIra ne jo upadeza diyA thA usa kA uddezya yahI thA ki ve apanI AvAja ko bAla-vRddha, strI tathA anapar3ha logoM taka pahu~cAnA cAhate the / usa yuga meM samAcAra-patra, reDiyo Adi na hone para bhI mahAvIra aura buddha ke upadeza itanI jaldI lokapriya ho gaye the, isa se mAlUma hotA hai ki ina saMta puruSoM ke sIdhe-sAde vacanoM ne janatA ke hRdaya para adbhuta prabhAva DAlA thA / Age calakara bhI jaina zramaNoM ne apane dharma ko loka 92 vyavahAra bhASya 4, pR0 38 'tulanA karo -- 93 bujhAhi bhagavaM loganAhA ! sayalajagajjIvahiyaM pavatehi dhammatityaM / hiyasuyanisseyasakaraM savvaloe savvajIvANaM bhavissaiti // ( kalpasUtra 5.111 )

Page #57
mahAvIra vardhamAna dharma banAne ke liye pUrNa prayatna kiyA jisa ke phalasvarUpa usa samaya me pracalita indra, skanda, nAga, bhUta, yakSa Adi devatAo kI pUjA bhI jainadharma me zAmila ho gaI, aura jaina upAsaka-upAsikAye laukika devI-devatAoM kI arcanAkara apane ko dhanya samajhane lge| jaina graMtho meM AcArya kAlaka kI eka dUsarI kathA AtI hai-eka bAra kAlaka AcArya paiTThAna (paiThana) nagara me pahu~ce aura unhoM ne bhAdrapada sudI paMcamI ke dina pardUSaNa manAye jAne kI ghoSaNA kii| parantu isa dina indramaha kA utsava manAyA jAnevAlA thA, ataeva kAlakAcArya ne saba ke kahane para pardUSaNa kI tithi badalakara pacamI se caturthI kara dii| isa aitihAsika ghaTanA se mAlUma hotA hai ki lokadharma ko sAtha lekara Age bar3hane kI bhAvanA jaina zramaNo me kitanI adhika thI ! mathurA ke jaina stUpoM me jo nAga, yakSa, gadharva, vRkSacaitya, kinnara Adi ke khude hue citra upalabdha hue hai usa se patA lagatA hai ki jaina kalA me bhI lokadharma kA praveza huA thaa| isI prakAra vidyA-matra Adi ke prayogo kA jaina zramaNo ke liye niSedha hone para bhI ve lokadharma nibAhane ke liye ina kA sarvathA tyAga nahIM kara sake / jaina grathoM me bhadrabAhU, kAlaka, khapuTa, pAdalipta, vajrasvAmI, pUjyapAda Adi aneka AcAryoM kA ullekha pAtA hai jo vidyA-matra Adi me kuzala the aura jinhoM ne avasara Ane para vidyA Adi ke prayogo dvArA jainasagha kI rakSA kI thii| jaina zAstroM me aneka vidyAdhara aura vidyAdhariyoM kA kathana AtA hai jo jainadharma ke parama upAsaka the / isa ke atirikta usa jamAne me jo balikarma (kauoM Adi ko apane bhojana me se nityaprati kucha dAna karanA), kautuka, magala, prAyazcitta Adi ke laukika rivAja pracalita the, una ko bhI jaina "nizItha cUNi (16, pR0 1174) meM indra, skanda, yakSa aura bhUtamaha ye cAra mahAn utsava batAye gaye hai "vahI, 10, pR0 632 ityAdi

Page #58
jainadharma -- lokadharma 53 97 upAsakoM ne apanAyA thaa| mRtaka kI antyeSTi kriyA karate samaya kahA gayA hai ki jaina sAdhu ko sarvaprathama naiRta dizA pasaMda karanI cAhiye, aura tRNa bichAkara kezara kA putalA banAnA cAhiye; zubha nakSatra meM mRtaka ko nikAlanA cAhiye ; " vihAra karate samaya sAdhu ko tithi, karaNa, nakSatra Adi kA vicAra karake yAtrA prAraMbha karanI cAhiye, isa prakAra kI laukika vidhi na pAlane se jaina zramaNoM ko upahAsa - pAtra honA par3atA thA / " jaina gRhastha bhI yAtrA Adi zubha kAryoM ke prAraMbha meM tithi, nakSatra Adi kA dhyAna rakhate the, gRhadevatA kI pUjA (bali) karate the, dhUpa Adi jalAte the aura samudra-vAyu kI pUjA karate the / isa yahI mAlUma hotA hai ki jaina zramaNoM ne lokadharma ko apanAkara usa se apane ahiMsA, tapa, tyAga Adi ke siddhAtoM kA samAvezakara jainadharma ko Age bar3hAyA / bauddha bhikSu bhI vighna, roga Adi kA nAza karane ke liye tathA sarpa - viSa nivAraNa ke liye paritrANa - dezanA Adi kA pATha karate the aura magalasUtra par3hate the / "" vAstava meM dekhA jAya to mahAvIra aura buddhakAla me sAmpradAyikatA kA jora nahI thA, yahI kAraNa hai ki jaba buddha, mahAvIra yA anya koI sAdhu-sata kimI nagarI me padhArate the to nagarI ke saba loga una ke darzana ke liye jAte the aura una kA dharma zravaNakara apane ko kRtakRtya mAnate the / parantu samaya bItane para jyoM jyoM jainadharma meM nirbalatA AtI gaI, una 96 97 'bRhatkalpa bhASya 4.5505-27; bhagavatI ArAdhanA 1970-88 pR0 40 zra 'vyavahAra bhASya 1, 125 ityAdi, somadeva ne yazastilaka (2, pR0 373 ) meM kahA hai- 08 99 yatra samyaktvahAnirna yatra na vratadUSaNam / sarvameva hi jainAnAM pramANaM laukiko vidhiH / nAyAdhammakA 8, pR0 7-8 100 milindaprazna, hindI anuvAda, pR0 186 tathA pariziSTa

Page #59
mahAvIra varSamAna ke anuyAyiyoM ne brAhmaNoM kA virodha karanA chor3a diyA aura una kI bAtoM ko apanAte cale gye| phala yaha huA ki jainoM ne apane par3osiyoM kI dekhAdekhI agnipUjA svIkAra kI, sUrya meM jinapratimA mAnakara sUrya kI pUjA karane lage, gagA ke prapAta-sthala para zivapratimA ke sthAna para jinapratimA mAnakara gagA ke mahattva ko svIkAra kiyA, yajJopavIta Adi saskAroM ko apanAyA, yahA~ taka ki Age calakara ve jAti se varNavyavasthA bhI mAnane lge| phala yaha huA ki jainadharma apanI vizeSatAoM ko kho baiThA aura anya dharmoM kI taraha vaha bhI eka rUr3higata dharma ho gayA / 14 mahAvIra aura buddha kI tulanA bauddha grathoM meM pUraNa kassapa, makkhali gosAla, ajita kesakabala, pakudha kaccAyana, nigaTha nATaputta aura sajaya velaTThiputta ina cha: gaNAcArya, yazasvI aura bahujana-sammata tIrthakaroM kA ullekha AtA hai / 102 nigaTha nATaputta (nirgrantha jJAtRputra) mahAvIra buddha ke samakAlIna the aura sabhavataH buddha-nirvANa ke pazcAt mahAvIra kA nirvANa huA thaa| jaisA Upara kahA jA cukA hai mahAvIra kA asalI nAma vardhamAna thA aura ve jJAtRvaza meM paidA hone ke kAraNa jJAtRputra kahe jAte the| mahAvIra mahA tapasvI the aura tIrthapravartana ke kAraNa ve tIrthakara kahalAte the| buddha kA vAstavika nAma siddhArtha thA aura zAkyakula me paidA hone ke kAraNa ve zAkya 101 jinasena, AdipurANa parva 40 102 dekho saMyuttanikAya, kosalasaMyutta, 1,1 ''profesara jaikobI kA yahI mata hai| muni kalyANavijaya jI kA mAnanA hai ki buddhanirvANa ke lagabhaga caudaha varSa pIche mahAvIra kA nirvANa humA (vIranirvANa-saMvat aura jaina kAlagaNanA)

Page #60
mahAvIra aura buddha kI tulanA putra kahe jAte the| buddha jJAnI the aura ve tathAgata kahe jAte the| mahAvIra dehadamana aura tapazcaryA para jora dete the aura ve ekAMta sthAnoM meM jAkara tapasyA karate the| buddha ne bhI sAdhu-jIvana meM acelaka rahakara nAnA tapasyAoM dvArA zarIra kA damana kiyA thA, parantu jJAna hone ke pazcAt unhoM ne kAyakleza tathA sAMsArika sukhabhoga ina donoM antoM ko tyAgakara madhyamamArga kA upadeza diyA thaa| mahAvIra nAnA vrata-upavAsa Adi dvArA prAtma-damana, icchA-nirodha aura mAnasika-saMyama para bhAra dete the jaba ki buddha cittazuddhi ke liye samyak prAcAra, samyak vicAra Adi aSTAMga mArga kA upadeza karate the| mahAvIra apane ziSyoM kI bAhya jIvanacaryA para niyaMtraNa rakhate the, jaba ki buddha cittazuddhi para bhAra dete the| mahAvIra AtmoddhAra ke liye satata prayatnazIla rahate the, loka-samAja se jahA~ taka bane dUra rahate the, aura AtmatyAga para bhAra dene se una kA dharma Atmadharma khlaayaa| baddha isake viparIta, samyaka AcAra-vicAra ko jIvana meM mukhya mAnate the, aura samAja me hilate-milate the, ataeva una kA dharma lokadharma khlaayaa| mahAvIra ne ahisA ko parama dharma batAte hue prANimAtra kI rakSA kA upadeza diyaa| buddha ne bhI ahiMsA ko svIkAra kiyA parantu unhoM ne dayA aura sahAnubhUti ko mukhya btaayaa| mahAvIra aura buddha donoM mahAn vicAraka the; mahAvIra ne AtmA, mokSa Adi ke viSaya meM apane nizcita vicAra prakaTa kiye the, jaba ki buddha nairAtmyavAdI the aura ve duHkha, duHkhotpAda, duHkhanirodha aura duHkhanirodha-mArga ina cAra AryasatyoM dvArA samyak AcaraNa kA upadeza dete the| isa prakAra hama dekhate hai ki mahAvIra aura buddha donoM hI apane samaya ke navayuga-pravartaka lokottara puruSa the, aura donoM ne hI apane-apane DhaMga se jana-samAja kA hita kiyA thaa| donoM kA tapa aura tyAga mahAn thA, aura donoM meM lokahita kI tIvra bhAvanA thii| donoM udAra the aura donoM ne apane virodhiyoM kA bar3I sahiSNutA se sAmanA kiyA thaa| mahAvIra ne

Page #61
56 mahAvIra varSamAna jaba tapazcaryA, Atmadamana aura ahiMsA kA upadeza diyA to ve kahanA cAhate the ki loga zrAtma-anuzAsana ke mahattva ko samajheM, prAtma-niyaMtraNa kI upekSAkara sukhapriya na baneM aura dUsaroM ko apane samAna maaneN| isI prakAra buddha ne jaba jJAna kA, madhyamamArga kA aura anAtmA kA upadeza diyA to unakA kahanA thA ki loga jJAnapUrvaka AcaraNa kare, zuSka kriyAkADI athavA vilAsapriya na bane, tathA zrAtmabhAva (ahaMkAra) kA poSaNakara ahaMvAdI na ho jAye / mahAvIra ne jo ahisA aura anekAMta kA upadeza diyA. athavA buddha ne jo cAra Aryasatya aura aSTAga mArga kA prarUpaNa kiyA usakA abhiprAya yahI thA ki sarvaprathama Atmazuddhi karo, apanA AcaraNa sudhAro, isI se nirvANa kI prApti hotI hai| mahAvIra loka-samAja se dUra rahakara apane Atmabala se logoM ko prabhAvita karake lokahita karanA cAhate the jaba ki buddha logoM meM hila-milakara una kA kalyANa karate the; uddezya donoM kA eka thA / 15 mahAvIra - nirvANa aura usake pazcAt bAraha varSa taka kaThina tapa karane ke pazcAt mahAvIra ne tIsa varSa upadezaka avasthA meM vyatIta kiye| isa laMbe kAla meM unhoM ne dUra dUra taka paribhramaNa kiyA aura logoM ko ahiMsA aura satya kA upadeza dekara lokahita kA pradarzana kiyA / vihAra karate karate mahAvIra majjhimapAvA padhAre aura vahA~ caumAsA vyatIta karane ke liye hastipAla rAjA ke paTavArI ke daftara ( rajjugasabhA) meM tthhre| eka eka karake varSAkAla ke tIna mahIne bIta gaye aura cauthA mahInA lagabhaga AdhA bItane ko AyA / kArttika amAvasyA kA prAtaHkAla thA; mahAvIra kA yaha antima upadeza thA / unhoMne apanA antima samaya jAnakara upadeza kI akhaNDa dhArA cAlU rakkhI aura puNya pApaviSayaka aneka upadeza sunAye / mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke

Page #62
mahAvIra nirvANa aura usake pazcAt 57 samaya kAzI-kozala ke nau malla aura nau licchavi jo aThAraha gaNarAjA kahalAte the, maujUda the ; unhoMne isa zubha avasara para sarvatra dIpaka jalAkara mahAn utsava manAyA / bAta kI bAta me mahAvIra-nirvANa kI carcA sarvatra phaila gii| bhuvana-pradIpa maMsAra se sadA ke liye bujha gayA; kisI ne kahA saMsAra kI eka divya vibhUti uTha gaI hai, kisI ne kahA aba durbaloM kA mitra koI nahI rahA, duniyA kA tAranahAra Aja cala basA hai, kisI ne kahA saMsAra Aja zobhAvihIna ho gayA hai, zUnya ho gayA hai, kisI ne kahA ki zramaNa bhagavAn Aja kUca kara gaye hai to kyA, ve hamAre liye bahuta kucha chor3a gaye hai, bahuta kucha kara gaye haiM, una ke upadezo ko Age bar3hAne kA kAma hama kareMge, una ke jhaDe ko lekara hama Age bar3hege, duniyA ko satpatha pradarzana karane kI jimmevArI aba hamAre Upara hai| __ mahAvIra ko nirvANa gaye Aja lagabhaga ar3hAI haz2Ara varSa bIta gaye / isa laMbe samaya ke itihAsa se patA lagatA hai ki isa bIca meM bar3I bar3I kAntiyA~ huI, parivartana hue, baDe baDe yugapravartakoM kA janma huA, jinhoM ne samAja ko idhara-udhara se haTAkara kendra-sthAna me lAkara rakhane kA bhAgIratha prayatna kiyA parantu khela ke maidAna me idhara-udhara ghUmane-phiranevAlI phuTabaoNla ke samAna samAja apane kendrasthala me kabhI nahI TikA / buddha ne kAyakleza aura sukhabhoga ina donoM carama pathoM ko ghAtaka samajhakara madhyamamArga kA upadeza diyA, parantu Age calakara una ke isa suvarNa siddhAMta kA bhI durupayoga huA aura bauddha bhikSupro meM kAphI zithilAcAra bar3ha gyaa| 1. kalpasUtra 5.122-8 10 bauddha bhikSutroM kA upahAsa karate hue jaina lekhakoM ne likhA hai mRdvI zayyA prAtarutthAya peyaa| bhaktaM madhye pAnakaM caapraale| drAkSAkhaMDaM zarkarA cArdharAtre / mokSazcAnte zAkyaputreNa dRSTaH / arthAt mRdu zayyA, subaha uThakara peya grahaNa karanA, madhyAhna meM bhAta

Page #63
58 mahAvIra varSamAna mahAvIra ke siddhAMtoM ke viSaya meM bhI yahI huaa| una ke ahiMsA, saMyama, tapa Adi ke kalyANakArI siddhAMtoM kI manonIta vyAkhyAye kI gaI aura una kA durupayoga kiyA jAne lgaa| ahiMsA aura dayA ke nAma para choTe choTe jIvoM kI hI rakSA ko parama dharma mAnA jAne lagA,tapa aura tyAga ke nAma para zuSka kriyAkANDa aura bAhyADaMbara kI pUjA hone lagI; chUAchUta ghusa gaI tathA apane Apa ko bhinna bhinna sampradAya, gaccha jAti Adi me vibhaktakara hamane mahAvIra kI saMgha-vyavasthA ko chinna-bhinna kara DAlA / jisa mahAvIra ke dharma ne samAja aura loka ko mArga-pradarzana karake janatA kA asAdhAraNa kalyANa kiyA thA, vaha dharma apane uddezya se cyuta hokara niSkriya bana gayA ! 16 upasaMhAra mAnanA hogA ki hamAre adhaHpatana kA kAraNa huA hamAre deza kI ApasI phUTa aura rASTrIyatA kI bhAvanA kA abhAva / hamArI saMkucita vRtti ke kAraNa hamArA dharma samaSTigata na rahakara vyakti-paraka bana gayA, dIrgha-dRSTi uma meM se vilupta ho gaI, isa loka kI carcA kI ora se upekSita hokara hama paraloka kI carcA me laga gaye, svadoSa-darzana se vimukha hokara hama paradoSa-darzana karane meM apanI zakti kA apavyaya karane lage, purAnI saMskRti, purAnI paraparA meM hama doSa nikAlate cale gaye, parantu hama ne use deza, kAla ke anusAra nayA rUpa dekara usa kA vikAsa nahI kiyaa| pariNAma yaha huA ki hama apanI svatatratA kho baiThe aura Aja to sadiyoM kI gulAmI ke kAraNa hama apanI sarvatomukhI saMskRti aura sabhyatA ko bhulAkara duniyA kI ghur3adaur3a meM apane ko bahuta pichar3A huA pAte haiN| Aja hama dekhate haiM hamArI koI saskRti nahIM rahI, hamAre kalA-kauzala aura vijJAna khAnA, aparAhna meM phira kucha pInA, prAdhI rAta meM drAkSa aura zakkara khAnA, isa prakAra zAkyaputra ne mokSa kA varzana kiyA

Page #64
upasaMhAra kA divAlA nikala gayA, sahRdayatA aura prema IrSyA aura dveSa me pariNata ho gayA, videzI saMskRti, videzI AcAra-vicAra, videzI veza-bhUSA yahA~ taka ki videzI bhASA kA adhipatitva hamAre dila aura dimAgoM para chA gyaa| phala yaha huA ki hamArA bhAratIya samAja dina para dina adhaHpatana kI ora agrasara hotA gyaa| Aja hamAre samAja meM kitanI viSamatA phaila gaI hai ! jo bhArata bhUmi zasya-zyAmalA kahI jAtI thI, jo dhana-dhAnya se sadA paripUrNa rahatI thI aura jahA~ bhikSuka loga daravAje se khAlI hAtha lauTakara nahIM jAte the, vahA~ Aja anna aura vastra paidA karanevAle kisAna aura majadUro ko bharapeTa khAne ko nasIba nahIM hotA, una kI maoN-bahanoM ko tana Dhakane ko kapaDA mayassara nahI hotA ! mazInoM aura kala-kArakhAnoM ke isa yuga meM bhAratIya janatA kA jitanA zoSaNa huaA utanA bhArata ke itihAsa meM Aja taka kabhI nahIM huA ! dina bhara jI-toDa parizrama karane ke bAda bhI hamAre majadUra jo Aja bhUkhe-nage rahate hai, kSaya, damA Adi bhISaNa rogoM se pIDita rahate hai, usa kA ekamAtra kAraNa hai hamArI samAja kI dUSita racanA / eka ora mAla kI dara ghaTAne ke liye mAla ke jahAja ke jahAz2a samudra meM Dubo diye jAte hai, dUsarI ora loga dAne dAne se tarasate hai ! Aja aisI bhISaNa paristhiti ho gaI hai ki paryApta anna aura vastra hote hue bhI hama usa kA upabhoga nahI kara skte| eka ora dhanika-kubero ke koSa bharate cale jA rahe hai aura dUsarI ora prajA kA zoSaNa hotA calA jA rahA hai| 'sone' ke bagAla me lAkho mAI ke lAla bhUkha se taDapa taDapakara bhara gaye, kitanI hI ramaNiyo ne vastra ke abhAva me lajjA ke kAraNa AtmahatyA kara DAlI aura kitanI hI bhadra ramaNiyoM ko peTa pAlane ke nimitta vezyAvRtti karane ke liye utArU honA par3A, jisa ke phalasvarUpa Aja bagAla me kAle, gore aura bhUre raMga ke varNasakara zizupro kA janma ho rahA hai ! ina saba kA pradhAna kAraNa hai hamArI paratatratA, hamArI guTabandI, hamArI phUTa, hamArI svArtha-lipsA aura caritrabala kI hiintaa|

Page #65
60 mahAvIra vardhamAna isa paristhiti ko dUra karane kA eka hI upAya hai, aura vaha hai ahisA, tapa, aura tyAga ke siddhAMtoM kA punaH pracAra-manobala aura caritra kA saMgaThana / tapasvI mahAvIra ne batAyA thA ki saccI ahisA hai dIna-dukhiyoM kI, zoSitoM kI sevA me aura una ke dukha me hAtha baTAne me, tathA saccA tapa aura tyAga hai una ke uddhAra ke liye apane Apa ko khapA dene meM aura apanA sarvasva nyochAvara kara dene meN| apane dIna dukhI bhAiyoM ko hameM batAnA hogA ki Apa loga bhI manuSya hai, Apa ko bhI jIne kA aura sukhazAnti se rahane kA adhikAra hai ; jaba Apa apanI sArI zakti lagAkara jI-tor3a mehanata karate hai to Apa ko kyoM bharapeTa khAnA nahI milatA ? kyoM Apa kI yaha dIna-hIna dazA hai ? rUsa kI krAnti isa bAta kA pratyakSa udAharaNa hai ki maz2adUra aura kisAnoM meM kitanI mahAn zakti hai, aura va apanI maMgaThita zakti dvArA deza kI kisa prakAra kAyApalaTa kara sakate hai| hama bhI manuSya hai, phira hama kyoM Age nahIM bar3ha sakate ? parantu isa ke liye hameM ghora tapa aura tyAga karanA par3egA, balidAna denA par3egA aura janasamAja me jAgRti paidA karanI hogii| Aja hamArI saba se mahAn samasyA hai rAjanaitika samasyA, isa kA hala hue binA hama eka qadama bhI Age nahIM bar3ha skte| yaha samasyA hala hone ke bAda hI hama apane kalA, kauzala, vijJAna tathA udyoga-dhadhoM kI vRddhi kara sakeMge, apanI saMskRti aura sabhyatA ko deza-videzoM meM phailA sakeMge, aparigraha aura ahiMsA ke siddhAMtoM kA pracAra kara sakeMge ki zoSaNavRtti kA tyAga karane se tathA 'jImo aura jIne do' ke siddhAMta ko amala meM lAne se hI saMsAra meM sukha aura zAnti kI vyavasthA kAyama raha skegii| bAibila meM eka kahAnI AtI hai--eka bAra IsAmasIha ne kisI dhanADhaya puruSa ko upadeza dete hue kahA ki yadi tujhe apane jIvana meM praveza karanA ho to tU hiMsA karanA chor3a de, paradAragamana karanA chor3a de, corI mata kara, jhUTha mata bola, mAtApitA kA Adara kara aura apane par3osiyoM se prema rakha / isa para usa

Page #66
upasaMhAra 61 puruSa ne uttara diyA, "he prabho / ina niyamo kA pAlana to meM bacapana se karatA AyA hU~ / " isa para IsAmasIha ne uttara diyA ki acchA, yadi tU nirdoSa honA cAhe to jA apanI saba sapatti becakara usa se jo dravya prApta ho use garIbo ko bATa de-- aisA karane se tujhe divya khajAne kI prApti hogI, usa ke bAda tU phira merA anuyAyI bananA / kitanA ucca upadeza hai / imI parama tyAga kI zikSA hame mahAtmA mahAvIra ne dI thii| usa mahAtmA ke upadeza hamAre sAmane haiM, hama cAhe to unhe apane jIvana meM utArakara duniyA kI kAyA palaTa kara sakate hai / parantu yaha kAma sahaja nahI hai / usa ke liye hame apanA hRdaya vizAla banAnA hogA, hame apane Apako manuSya samajhanA par3egA, hama ne jo choTe-choTe sakIrNa dAyare banA rakkhe hai una se Upara uThanA hogA aura usa ke liye ghora puruSArtha karanA hogA / mahAkavi ravIndra ke zabdo meM, apanI mA~ kI goda se nikalakara hameM deza-dezAntara ghUmanA paDegA, vahA~ apane yogya sthAna kI khoja karanI paDegI, pada-pada para choTI choTI aTakAnevAlI rassiyo ne hame bA~dhakara jo 'bhalAmAnusa' banA rakkhA hai, unhe toDanA paDegA, apane prANo para khelakara, duHkha sahakara acche aura bure logo ke sAtha sagrAma karanA hogA, gRha aura lakSmI kA parityAgakara hame kUca kara denA paDegA, tathA puNya-pApa, sukha-dukha aura patana - utthAna me hame manuSya bananA hogA, tabhI jAkara hama apane dhyeya taka pahu~ca sakege / 106 106 baMgamastA punya pApe dUHkhe sukhe patane utthAne mAnuSa haite dAzro tomAra santAne he snehArta baMgabhUmi ! tava gRhakroDe cirazi kare dhAra rAkhiyo nA ghare / dezadezAMtara mAjhe jAra jethA sthAna khU~jiyA laite dAno kariyA sandhAna

Page #67
mahAvIra varSamAna mahAvIra-vacanAmRta 1 savve pANA piyAuyA, suhasAyA dukkhapaDikUlA appiyavahA~ __ piyajIviNo jIviukAmA, sabaisi jIviyaM piyaM / (prAcArAMga 2.3.81) artha-samasta jIvoM ko apanA apanA jIvana priya hai, sukha priya hai, ve dukha nahI cAhate, vadha nahI cAhane, saba jIne kI icchA karate hai (ataeva saba jIvoM kI rakSA karanI caahiye)| savve jIvA vi icchaMti, jIviDaM na marijiuM / tamhA pANavahaM ghoraM, niggaMthA vajjayaMti NaM // (dazavakAlika 6.11) artha-saba jIva jInA cAhate hai, koI bhI manA nahI cAhatA, ataeva nirgrantha muni bhayaMkara prANivadha kA parityAga karate hai| 3 appaNaTThA paradA vA, kohA vA jai vA bhyaa| hiMsagaM na musaM brUyA, no vi annaM vayAvae / (dazavakAlika 6.12) pade pade choTo choTo niSedhera Dore baMdhe baMdhe rAkhiyo nA bhAlo chele kare prAna diye duHkha saye, prApanAra hAte saMgrAma karite dAmo bhAlamanda sAthe zIrNa zAnta sAdhu tava putravera dhare vAmo save gRhatyAga lakSmI chADA kare sAta koTi santAne re, he mugdha jananI rekhe che baMgAlI kare, mAnUSa kara ni /

Page #68
mahAvIra vacanAmRta 63 artha - apane liye athavA dUsaroM ke liye, krodha se athavA bhaya se, dUsare ko pIr3A pahu~cAnevAlA asatya vacana na svayaM bolanA cAhiye aura na dUsaroM se bulavAnA cAhiye / 4 na so pariggaho butto, nAyaputreNa tAiNA / mucchA pariggaho vRtto, ii vRttaM mahesiNA / / ( dazavekAlika 6.21) artha -- saMrakSaka jJAtRputra mahAvIra ne vastra Adi padArtho ko parigraha nahI kahA, vAstavika parigraha hai mUrcchA -- Asakti, yaha maharSi kA vacana hai / 5 je ya kaMte pie bhoge, laddhe vi piTThikumbaI / sAhINe cayai bhoe, se hu cAi ti baccaI // 6 vatthagandhamalaMkAraM itthIzro sayaNANi ya / zracchandA je na bhuMjaMti, na se cAi ti buccaI // ( dagavaikAlika 2.1,2 ) artha -- jo manuSya sundara aura priya bhogoM ko pAkara bhI una kI ora se pITha phera letA hai, sAmane Aye hue bhogoM kA parityAga kara detA hai, vahI tyAgI kahalAtA hai / vastra, gaMdha, alaMkAra, strI, zayana Adi vastuoM kA jo paravazatA ke kAraNa upabhoga nahI karatA, use tyAgI nahIM kahate / 7 viteNa tANaM na labhe pamate, imammi loe aduvA parattha / dIvappaNaTThe va praNatamohe madameva // neyAjayaM ( uttarAdhyayana 4.5 ) artha --pramAdI puruSa dhana dvArA na isa loka meM apanI rakSA kara sakatA hai, na paraloka meM / phira bhI dhana ke asIma moha se, jaise dIpaka ke bujha

Page #69
64 mahAvIra vardhamAna jAne para manuSya mArga ko ThIka-ThIka nahIM dekha sakatA, usI prakAra pramAdI puruSa nyAya-mArga ko dekhate hue bhI nahIM dekhtaa| 8 uvasameNa haNe kohaM, mANaM maddavayA jiNe / mAyAmajjavabhAveNa, lobhaM saMtosamo jiNe // (dazavakAlika 8.36) artha-zAnti se krodha ko jIte, namratA se abhimAna ko jIte, saralatA se mAyA ko jIte, aura santoSa se lobha ko jiite| 6 appA ceva dameyavvo, appA hu khalu duddmo| appA danto suhI hoi, assi loe paratya va // (uttarAdhyayana 1.15) artha--sarvaprathama apane Apa kA damana karanA cAhie, yahI saba se kaThina kAma hai; apane Apa ko damana karanevAlA isa loka meM tathA paraloka meM sukhI hotA hai| 10 chaMdaM nirohaNa uvei mokvaM, prAse jahA sikkhiyvmmdhaarii| puvAI vAsAiM care'ppamatte, tamhA muNI khippamuvei mokkhaM // (uttarAdhyayana 4.8) artha-jaise sadhA huA kavacadhArI ghor3A yuddha meM vijaya prApta karatA hai, usI prakAra muni dIrgha kAla taka apramattarUpa se saMyama kA pAlana karatA huA zIghra hI mokSa pAtA hai| 11 khippaM Na sakkei vivegameDaM, tamhA samuTThAya pahAya kaame|

Page #70
65 mahAvIra-vacanAmRta samicca loyaM samayA mahesI, prAyANurakkhI caramappamatte / / (uttarAdhyayana 4.10) artha-viveka kucha jhaTapaTa nahIM prApta kiyA jAtA, usa ke liye kaThora sAdhanA kI AvazyakatA hai| ataeva maharSi jana Alasya tyAgakara, kAmabhogoM kA parityAgakara, saMsAra kA ThIka-ThIka svarUpa samajhakara, AtmA kI rakSA karate hue apramAdapUrvaka AcaraNa karate haiN| 12 uvaujhiya mittabaMdhavaM, viulaM caiva dhaNohasaMcayaM / mA taM viiyaM gavesae, samayaM goyama ! mA pamAyae // (uttarAdhyayana 10.30) artha-eka bAra vipula dhanarAzi tathA mitra-bAndhavoM kA tyAgakara phira una kI ora muMha mor3akara mata dekha / he gautama ! kSaNamAtra bhI pramAda na kr| 13 se supaDibaddhaM sUvaNIyaM ti naccA purisA paramacakkhU viparikkamA, eesu ceva baMbhaceraM ti bemi, se suyaM ca me ajjhatthayaM ca me-baMdhapamukkho ajjhattheva / (prAcArAMga 5.2.151) artha-maine sunA hai, anubhava kiyA hai ki bandhana se mukta honA yaha apane hAtha meM hai, ataeva he paramacakSumAn puruSa ! - jJAnI puruSoM se jJAna prApta karake, tU parAkrama kara; isI kA nAma brahmacarya hai, yaha maiM kahatA huuN| 14 cIrAjiNaM nagiNiNaM, jaDI saMghADi muMDiNaM eyANi vi na tAyaMti, dussIla pariyAgayaM (uttarAdhyayana 5.21)

Page #71
mahAvIra varSamAna artha--mRgacarma dhAraNa karanA, nagna rahanA, jaTA bar3hA lenA, saMghATikA pahananA aura muMDana karA lenA ye saba bAteM duHzIla bhikSu kI rakSA nahIM krte| 15 mAse mAse tu jo bAle, kusaggeNaM tu bhuNje| na so suyakkhAyadhammassa, kalaM agdhai solasi // artha-yadi ajJAnI puruSa mahIne-mahIne kA tapa kare aura kuzA kI noka se bhojana kare, to bhI vaha satpuruSoM ke batAye hue dharma ke solahaveM hisse ko bhI nahIM pahuMca sktaa| 16 na vi muMDieNa samaNo, na oMkAreNa bNbhnno| ___na muNI raNNavAseNaM, kusacIreNa Na taavso|| 17 samayAe samaNo hoi, baMbhacereNa bNbhnno| ___nANeNa muNI hoi, taveNa hoi tAvaso // 18 kammaNA baMbhaNo hoi kammuNA hoi khttino| vaiso kammuNA hoi, suddo havai kammuNA // (uttarAdhyayana 26-31) artha-sira muMDA lene se koI zramaNa nahIM hotA, 'aom' kA jApa karane se koI brAhmaNa nahIM hotA, jaMgala meM vAsa karane se koI muni nahI kahalAtA, aura kuzA ke bane vastra pahanane se koI tapasvI nahIM hotA / samatA se zramaNa hotA hai, brahmacarya se brAhmaNa hotA hai, jJAna se muni hotA hai, tathA tapa se tapasvI hotA hai| manuSya apane karma se brAhmaNa hotA hai, karma se kSatriya hotA hai, karma se vaizya hotA hai aura karma se zUdra hotA hai / 16 jai vi ya gagiNe kise care, jai vi ya bhuMjiya maasmNtso| je iya mAyAi mijjai, prAgaMtA gambhAya gaMtaso // (sUtrakRtAMga 2.1.6)

Page #72
67 mahAvIra-vacanAmRta artha-bhale hI koI nagna rahe yA mahIne mahIne meM bhojana kare, parantu yadi vaha mAyAyukta hai to use bAra bAra janma lenA pdd'egaa| 20 tesi pi na tavo suddho nikkhaMtA je mahAkulA / jaM ne vanne viyANaMti, na silogaM pvejje|| (sUtrakRtAMga 8.24) artha--mahAn kula meM utpanna hokara saMnyAsa le lene se tapa nahIM ho jAtA; amalI tapa vaha hai jise dUsarA koI jAnatA nahI tathA jo kItti kI icchA se kiyA nahIM jaataa| 21 na jAimattaM na ya rUvamatte, na lAbhamatte na suennmtte| mayANi savvANi vivajjaMyato, dhammajjhANarae je sa bhikkhU // __ (dazavakAlika 10.16) artha--jo jAti kA abhimAna nahIM karatA, rUpa kA abhimAna nahI karatA, lAbha kA abhimAna nahIM karatA, jo jJAna kA abhimAna nahIM karatA; jisa ne saba prakAra ke mada chor3a diye hai aura jo dharmadhyAna me rata hai, vahI bhikSu hai| 22 pAsaMDiyaliMgANi gihiliMgANi ya bahuppayArANi / dhittuM vadaMti mUDhA liMgamiNaM mokkhamaggo ti // 23 Na vi hovi mokkhamaggo ligaMja dehaNimmamA parihA / ligaM muittu daMsaNaNANacarittANi sevaMti // (samayasAra 430-1)

Page #73
mahAvIra varSamAna artha- mUrkha loga aneka prakAra ke pAkhaMDI athavA gRhasthoM ke bAhya liMga ko mokSa kA mArga batAte haiM, parantu bAhya veza se mokSa kI prApti nahIM hotI / arhanta bAhya liMga kA tyAgakara zarIra meM nirmama hokara darzana, jJAna aura cAritra kA sevana karate haiM usI se mokSa milatA hai / 68

Page #74
vIra sevA mandira pustakAlaya

Page #75
_