Granth Pariksha Part 01

Author(s): Jugalkishor Mukhtar
Publisher: Jain Granth Ratnakar Karyalay
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/010627/1

Page #1
grnth-priikssaa| (prathama bhAga / ) arthAt umAsvAmizrAvakAcAra, kundakundazrAvakaulAda aura jinasenatrivarNAcArake parIkSAlekhoMkA sNgrh| lekhaka, devabanda ( sahAranapura ) nivAsI zrIyuta bAbU jugalakizorajI mukhtAra / prakAzaka, jainagrantharatnAkarakAryAlaya, bambaI / prathamAvRtti ] [mUlya chaha aane| dvitIya bhAdra 1974 / sitambara 1917 / .

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Published by Nathuram Premi, Proprietor, gain Grantha Ratnakar Karyalaya, Hirabag, Bombay. Frinted by Chintaman Sakharam Deole, at the Bombay Vaibhao Press, Servants of India Society's Home, Sandhurst Road, Girgaon, Bombay. ^^^~~. AAAAAAAA MANA^^^^^^^^^^^^AN AGAR

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nivedana / jainahitaiSImeM lagabhaga cAra varSase eka 'grantha-parIkSA' zIrSaka lekhamAlA nikala rahI hai / isake lekhaka devabanda nivAsI zrIyuta bAbU jugalakizorajI mukhtAra haiM / Apake ina lekhoMne jainasamAjako eka navIna yugakA sandezA sunAyA hai, aura andhazraddhAke aMdheremeM nidrita par3e hue logoMko cakacaudhA denevAle prakAzase jAyata kara diyA hai / yadyapi bAhyadRSTi se abhI taka ina lekhoMkA koI sthUlamabhAva vyakta nahIM huA hai to bhI vidvAnoM ke antaraMgameM eka zabdahIna halacala barAbara ho rahI hai jo samaya para koI acchA pariNAma lAye binA nahIM rhegii| jainadharmake upAsaka isa bAtako bhUla rahe the ki jahA~ hamAre dharma yA sampadAyameM eka ora uccazreNIke niHsvArtha aura pratibhAzAlI granthakartA utpanna hue haiM vahA~ dUsarI ora nIce darjake svArthI aura taskara lekhaka bhI hue haiM, athavA ho sakate haiM, jo apane khoTe sikkoMko mahApuruSoMke nAmakI mudrAse aMkita karake khare dAmoM meM calAyA karate haiM / isa bhUlake kAraNa hI Aja hamAre yahA~ bhagavAna kundakunda aura somasena,samantabhadra aura jinasena (bhaTTAraka), tathA pUjyapAda aura zrutasAgara eka hI Asana para biThAkara pUje jAte haiN| logoMkI sadasadvivekabuddhikA lopa yahA~ taka ho gayA hai ki ve saMskRta yA prAkRtameM likhe hue cAhe jaise vacanoMko Apta bhagavAnake vacanoMse jarA bhI kama nahIM samajhate ! granthaparIkSAke lekhoMse hameM AzA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIrake anuyAyI apanI isa bhUlako samajha jAya~ge aura ve Apa apaneko aura apanI santAnako dhUrta granthakAroMkI cuMgalameM na phaMsane deNge| jisa samaya ye lekha nikale the, hamArI icchA usI samaya huI thI ki inheM svataMtra pustakAkAra bhI chapavA liyA jAya, jisase isa viSayakI ora logoMkA dhyAna kucha vizeSatAse AkarSita ho; paraMtu yaha eka bilakula hI naye DhaMgakI carcA thI, isa lie hamane ucita samajhA ki kucha samaya taka isa sambandhameM vidvAnoMkI sammatikI pratIkSA kI jAya / pratIkSA kI gaI aura khUba kI gaI / lekhamAlAke prathama tIna lekhoMko prakAzita hue tIna varSase bhI adhika samaya bIta gayA; paraMtu kahIMse kucha . bhI AhaTa na suna par3I; vidvanmaNDalIkI orase aba taka inake prativAdameM koI eka

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bhI lekha nahIM nikalA; balki bahutase vidvAnoMne hamAre tathA lekhaka mahAzayake samakSa isa bAtako spaSTa zabdoMmeM svIkAra kiyA ki ApakI samAlocanAyeM yathArtha haiM / jainamitrake sampAdaka brahmacArI zItalaprasAdajIne pahale do lekhAMko jainamitrameM uddhRta kiyA aura unake nIce apanI anumodanasUcaka sammati prakaTa kii| isI prakAra dakSiNa prAntake prasiddha vidvAna aura dhanI seTha hIrAcanda nemIcandajIne lekhamAlAke prAyaH sabhI lekhauko marAThImeM prakAzita karAke mAnoM yaha prakaTa kara diyA ki isa prakArake lekhoMkA pracAra jitanA adhika ho sake utanA hI acchA hai| __yaha saba dekhakara aba hama granthaparIkSAke samasta lekhoMko pRthak pustakAkAra chapAneke lie tatpara hue haiN| yaha lekhamAlA kaI bhAgoMmeM prakAzita hogI; jinamese pahale do bhAga upakara taiyAra haiN| pahale bhAgameM umAsvAmizrAvakAcAra, kundakundazrAvakAcAra aura jinasenatrivarNAcAra ina tIna granthoMkI parIkSAke tIna lekha haiM aura dUsare bhAgameM bhadrabAhusaMhitAkI parIkSAkA vistRta lekha hai| aba inake bAda jo lekha nikale haiM aura nikaleMge ve tIsare bhAgameM saMgraha karake upAye jAyeMge / prathama bhAgakA saMzodhana svayaM lekhaka mahAzayake dvArA karAyA gayA hai, isase : pahale jo kucha azuddhiyA~ raha gaI thIM ve saba isa AvRttimeM dUra kI gaI haiN| sAtha hI jahA~ tahA~ AvazyakatAnusAra kucha thor3A bahuta parivartana bhI kiyA gayA hai| samAjameM kevala nippakSa aura svataMtra vicAroMkA pracAra karaneke uddezyase yaha lekhamAlA prakAzita kI jA rahI hai aura isI kAraNa isakA mUlya bahuta kamakevala lAgatake varAvara-rakkhA gayA hai / AzA hai ki satyapremI pAThaka isakA pracAra karanemeM hamArA hAtha ba~TAveMge aura pratyeka vicArazIlake hAthoM taka yaha kisI na kisI taraha pahu~ca jAya, isakA udyoga kreNge| jainasamAjake samasta paNDita mahAzayoMse prArthanA hai ki ve ina lekhAko dhyAnapUrvaka par3heM aura inake viSayameM apanI apanI svatantra sammati hamAre pAsa bhejanekI kRpA kreN| isake sivAya niSpakSa vidvAnoMkA yaha bhI kartavya honA cAhie ki ve jyAkhyAnoM tathA samAcArapatroM Adike dvArA logoMko aise granthoMse sAvadhAna raheneke lie saceta kara deN| . . dvitIya bhAdrakRSNo " ... prArthI:- saM0-1974 vi. : nAthUrAma premii|.

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EEN . grantha-parIkSA umAsvAmi-zrAvakAcAra / - -- janasamAjameM umAsvAmi yA 'umAsvAti' nAmake eka bar3e bhArIH "vidvAna AcArya hogaye haiM, jinake nirmANa kiye hue tattvArthasUtrapara sarvArthasiddhi, rAjavArtika, zlokavArtika aura gaMdhahastimahAbhASyAdi aneka mahattvapUrNa bar3I bar3I TIkAyeM aura bhASya bana cuke haiM / jaina sampradAyameM bhagavAn umAsvAmikA Asana bahuta U~cA hai aura unakA pavitra nAma bar3e hI Adarake sAtha liyA jAtA hai / umAsvAmi mahArAja zrIkundakunda munirAjake pradhAna ziSya kahe jAte haiM aura unakA astitva vikramakI. pahalI zatAbdIke lagabhaga mAnA jAtA hai / 'tattvArthasUtra' ke sivAya, " bhagavata umAsvAmine kisI anya graMthakA praNayana kiyA yA nahIM ? aura yadi kiyA to kisa kisa graMthakA ? yaha bAta abhItaka prAyaH aprasiddha / hai / Amataura para jainiyoMmeM, ApakI kRtirUpase, tattvArthasUtrakI hI sarvatra prasiddhi pAI jAtI hai / zilAlekhoM tathA anya AcAryoMke banAe hue . granthoMmeM bhI, umAsvAmike nAmake sAtha, 'tattvArthasUtra' kA hI ullekha milatA hai| * * yathAH" abhUdumAsvAtimuniH pavitre vaMze tadIye sklaarthvedii| . sUtrIkRtaM yena jinapraNItaM zAstrArthajAtaM munipuMgavena // "" -zravaNavelgolasthazilAlekhaH / " zrImAnumAsvAtirayaM yatIzastattvArthasUtraM prakaTIcakAra / .. yanmuktimArgAcaraNodyatAnAM pAtheyamadhye bhavati prajAnAm // " -vAdirAjasUriH

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grnth-priikssaa| "umAsvAmi-zrAvakAcAra." bhI koI graMtha hai, itanA paricaya milate hI pAThakahRdayoMmeM svabhAvasehI yaha prazna utpanna honA saMbhava hai ki, kyA umAsvAmi mahArAjane koI pRthak 'zrAvakAcAra' bhI banAyA hai ? aura yaha zrAvakAcAra, jisake sAthameM unake nAmakA sambandha hai, kyA vAstavameM unhIM umAsvAmi mahArAjakA banAyA huA hai jinhoMne ki 'tattvArthasUtra' kI racanA kI hai ? athavA isakA banAnevAlA koI dUsarAhI vyakti hai? jisa samaya sabase pahale mujhe isa graMthake zubha nAmakA paricaya milA thA, usa samaya mere hRdayameM bhI aise hI vicAra utpanna hue the| merI bahuta dinoMse isa graMthake dekhanekI icchA thI / parantu graMtha na milaneke kAraNa vaha abhItaka pUrI na ho sakI thii| hAlameM zrImAna sAhu jugamaMdaradAsajI raIsa najIbAbAdakI kRpAse mujhe graMthakA darzanasaubhAgya prApta huA hai, jisake liye maiM unakA hRdayase AbhAra mAnatA hU~ aura ve mere vizeSa dhanyavAdake pAtra haiN| __isa graMthapara hindI bhASAkI eka TIkA bhI milatI hai, jisako kisI hilAyudha' nAmake paMDitane banAyA hai| halAyudhajI kaba aura kahA~para hue aura unhoMne kisa san-samvatmeM isa bhASATIkAko banAyA isakA kucha bhI patA ukta TIkAse nahIM lagatA / halAyudhajIne, isa viSayameM, apanA jo kucha paricaya diyA hai usakA eka mAtra paricAyaka, graMthake antameM diyA huA, yaha chanda hai:"caMdravADakulagotra sujAni / nAma halAyudha loka vakhAni / tA. raci bhASA yaha sAra / umAsvAmiko mUla susAra // " ___ isa graMthake zloka naM0 401 kI TIkAmeM, 'duHzruti' nAmake anartha* daMDakA varNana karate hue, halAyudhajIne sokSamArgaprakAza, jJAnAnaMdani bharanijaralapUritazrAvakAcAra, dRSTitaraMgiNI, upadezasiddhAntaratnamAlA, ratnakaraMDazrAvakAcArakI paM0 sadAsukhajIkRta bhASA

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umAsvAmi-zrAvakAcAra / vanikA aura vidvajjanavodhakako pUrvAnusArarahita, nirmUla aura kapolakalpita batalAyA hai / sAtha hI yaha bhI likhA hai ki " ina zAstroMmeM Agama-viruddha kathana kiyA gayA hai; ye pUrvAparaviruddha honese apramANa haiM, vAgjAla haiM; bhole manuSyoMko raMjAyamAna kareM haiM; jJAnI janoMke AdaraNIya nahIM hai, ityaadi|" paM0 sadAsusajIkI bhASAvacanikAke viSayameM khAsa torase likhA hai ki, " ratnakaraMDa mUla to pramANa hai bahuri dezabhASA apramANa hai / kAraNa pUrvAparaviruddha, nindAbAhulya, Agamaviruddha, kramaviruddha, vRttiviranddha, sUtrAviruddha, vArtikaviruddha kaI dopanikari maMDita hai yAta apramANa, vAgjAla hai| " ina graMthAma kSetrapAlapUjana, zAsanadevatApUjana, sakalIkaraNavidhAna aura pratimAke caMdanacarcana Adi kaI bAtoMkA niSedha kiyA gayA hai, jalako apavitra batalAyA gayA hai, khar3e hokara pUjanakA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai; ityAdi kAraNAMse hI zAyada halAyudhajIne ina graMthoMko apramANa aura Agamaviruddha ThaharAyA hai| astu; ina graMthAMkI pramANAtA yA apramANatAkA viSaya yahA~ vivecanIya na honese, isa viSayameM kucha na likhakara maiM. yaha batalAdanA jarUrI samajhatA hU~ ki halAyudhaja ke isa kathana aura ullekhase yaha bAta bilakula hala ho jAtI hai aura isameM koI saMdeha bAkI nahIM rahatA ki ApakI yaha TIkA 'ratnakaraMDazrAvakAcAra' kI (paM0 sadAsukhIkRta) bhApAvacanikA tathA 'vidvajjanabodhaka' kI racanAke pIche banI hai; tabhI usameM ina graMthAMkA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| paM0 sadAsukhajIne ratnakaraMDazrAvakAcArakI una bhApAvacanikA vikrama samvat 1920 kI caitra kRSNa 14 ko banAkara pUrNa kI hai aura 'vidvajjanabodhaka' saMdhI pannAlAlajI dUNIvAloMke dvArA jo ukta paM0 sadasukhajIke ziSya the, mAghasudI paMcamI saMvat 1939 ko vanakara samApta huA hai / isalie halAyudhajIkI yaha bhASArTIkA vikrama saMvat 1939 ke bAdakI banI huI nizcita hotI hai|

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grnth-priikssaa| halAyudhajIne apanI isa TIkAmeM sthAna sthAna para isa bAtako pragaTa kiyA hai ki yaha 'zrAvakAcAra' sUtrakAra bhagavAna umAsvAmI mahArAjakA banAyA huA hai| aura isake pramANameM Apane nimnalikhita zloka para hI adhika jora diyA hai| jaisA ki unakI TIkAse pragaTa hai:" sUtre tu saptamepyuktAH pRthaka noktaastdrthtH| avaziSTaH samAcAraH so'tra vaikathito dhuvam // 462 // " TIkA:-" te sattara atIcAra maiM sUtrakArane saptama sUtrameM kahyo hai tA prayojana taiM ihAM judA nahIM kahA hai / jo saptamasUtramaiM avaziSTa samAcAra hai so yAmaiM nizcaya kari kaho hai| aba yA jo apramANa karai tA* anaMtasaMsArI, nigodiyA, pakSapAtI kaise nahIM jANyo jAya jo vinA vicAr2yA yAkA karttA dUsarA umAsvAmI hai so yAkU kiyA hai (aisA kahai ) so bhI yAvacana kari mithyAdRSTi, dharmadrohI, niMdaka, ajJAnI jANanA!" isa zlokase bhagavadumAsvAmikA grantha-kartRtva siddha ho yA na ho; parantu isa TIkAse itanA patA jarUra calatA hai ki jisa samaya yaha TIkA likhI gaI hai usa samaya aise loga bhI maujUda the jo isa ' zrAva-. kAcAraH' ko bhagavAna umAsvAmi sUtrakArakA banAyA huA nahIM mAnate the; balki ise kisI dUsare umAsvAmikA yA umAsvAmike nAmase kisI dUsare vyaktikA banAyA huA batalAte the| sAtha hI yaha bhI spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki aise logoMke prati halAyudhajIke kaise bhAva the aura ve tathA unake samAna vicArake dhAraka manuSya una logoMko kaise kaise zabdoMse yAda kiyA karate the / 'saMzayatimirapradIpa' meM, paM0 udayalAlajI kAzalIvAla bhI isa graMthako bhagavAna umAsvAmikA banAyA huA likhate haiN| lekina, isake viruddha paM0 nAthUrAmajI premI, aneka sUciyoMke AdhArapara saMgraha kI huI apanI 'digambarajainagranthakartA aura unake grantha"

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umAsvAmi-zrAvakAcAra / nAmaka sUcIdvArA yaha sUcita karate haiM ki yaha graMtha tattvArthasUtrake kartA bhagavAn umAsvAmikA banAyA huA nahIM hai, kintu kisI dUsare (laghu) umAsvAmikA banAyA huA hai / parantu dUsare umAsvAmi yA laghu umAsvAmi kaba hue haiM, aura kisake ziSya the, isakA kahIM bhI kucha patA nahIM hai / darayAphta karanepara bhI yahI uttara milatA hai ki hameM isakA kucha bhI nizcaya nahIM hai| jo loga isa graMthako bhagavAn umAsvAmikA banAyA huA batalAte haiM unakA yaha kathana kisa AdhArapara avalambita hai ! aura jo loga aisA mAnanese inakAra karate haiM ve kina pramANoMse apane kathanakA samarthana karate haiM ? AdhAra aura pramANakI ye saba bAteM abhItaka Ama taurase kahIMpara prakAzita huI mAlUma nahIM hotI; na kahIMpara inakA jikara sunA jAtA hai aura na zrIumAsvAmi mahArAjake pazcAt honevAle kisI mAnanIya AcAryakI kRtimeM isa graMthakA nAmollekha milatA hai / aisI hAlatameM isa graMthakI parIkSA aura jA~cakA karanA bahuta jarUrI mAlUma hotA hai / graMtha-parIkSAko chor3akara dUsarA koI samucita sAdhana isa vAtake nirNayakA pratIta nahIM hotA ki yaha graMtha vAstavameM kisakA banAyA huA hai aura kaba banA hai ? granyake sAtha umAsvAmike nAmakA sambandha hai; granthake antima zlokase pUrvake kAvyameM * 'svAmI' zabda par3A huA hai aura khuda granthakartA mahAzaya uparyukta zloka naM. 462 dvArA yaha pragaTa karate haiM ki 'isa granthameM sAtaveM sUtrase avaziSTa samAcAra varNita hai, isIse 70 atIcAra jo sAtave sUtrameM varNana kiye gaye haiM ve yahAM pRthak nahIM kahe gaye;' ina saba bAtoMse yaha graMtha sUtrakAra bhagavadumAsvAmikA banAyA huA siddha nahIM * antima zlokase pUrvakA vaha kAvya isa prakAra hai: " iti hataduritaughaM zrAvakAcArasAraM gaditamatisuvodhAvasakathaM svAmibhizca / vinayabharanatAMgAH samyagAkarNayantu vizadamatimavApya jJAnayuktA bhavatu // 473 / / - -

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grantha- parIkSA | ho sakatA / eka nAmake aneka vyakti bhI hote haiM; jaina sAdhuoM meM bhI eka nAmake dhAraka aneka AcArya aura bhaTTAraka ho gaye haiM; kisI vyaktikA. dUsareke nAmase graMtha banAnA bhI asaMbhava nahIM hai / isa lie javataka kisI mAnanIya prAcIna AcAryake dvArA yaha grantha bhagavAn umAsvAmikA banAyA huA svIkRta na kiyA gayA ho yA khuda grantha hI apane sAhityAdi se usakA sAkSI na de, tabataka nAmAdikake saMbaMdhamAtrase isa graMthako bhagavadumAsvAmikA banAyA huA nahIM kaha sakate / kisI mAnanIya prAcIna AcAryakI kRtimeM isa graMthakA kahIM nAmollekha taka na milanese aba hameM isake sAhityakI jAMca dvArA yahI dekhanA cAhie ki yaha graMtha, vAstavameM, sUtrakAra bhagavadumAsvAmikA banAyA huA hai yA ki nahIM ? yadi parIkSAse yaha graMtha sacamucahI sUtrakAra zrIumAsvAmikA banAyA huA siddha ho jAya taba to aisA prayatna honA cAhie. jisase yaha graMtha acchI tarahase upayoga meM lAyA jAya aura tattvArthasUtrakI taraha isakA bhI sarvatra pracAra ho sake / anyathA vidvAnoMko, sarva sAdhAraNapara, yaha pragaTa kara denA cAhie ki, yaha graMtha sUtrakAra bhagavadumAsvAmikA banAyA huA nahIM hai; jisase loga isa graMthako usI dRSTise dekheM aura vRthA bhramameM na pdd'eN| graMthako parIkSA-dRSTise avalokana karanepara mAlUma hotA hai ki isa granthakA sAhitya bahutase aise padyoMse banA huA hai jo dUsare AcAya ke banAye hue sarvamAnya graMthoMse yA to jyoMke tyoM uThAkara rakkhe gaye haiM yA unameM kucha thoDAsA zabda-parivartana kiyA gayA hai / jo padma jyoMke tyoM uThAkara rakkhe gaye haiM ve ' uktaM ca ' yA ' uddhRta ' rUpase nahIM likheM gaye haiM aura na ho sakate haiM; isalie granthakartAneM unheM apane hI pragaTa kiye haiM / bhagavAn umAsvAmi jaise mahAna AcArya dUsare AcAryoMke banAye hue granthoMse padya leveM aura unheM apane nAmase pragaTa kareM, yaha 6

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umAsvAmi-zrAvakAcAra / kabhI ho nahIM sakatA / aisA karanA unakI yogyatA aura padasthake viruddha hI nahIM, balki eka prakArakA nIca karma bhI hai / jo loga aisA karate haiM unheM, yazastilakameM, zrIsomadeva AcAryane sApha taurase 'kAvyacora' aura 'pAtakI' likhA hai / yathA:___" kRtvA kRtI: pUrvakRtA purastAtmatyAdaraM tAH punarIkSamANaH / tathaiva jalpedatha yo'nyathA vA sa kAvyacorostu sa pAtakI ca // lekina pAThakoMko yaha jAnakara aura bhI Azcarya hogA ki isa graMthameM jina payoMko jyoMkA tyoM yA kucha badalakara rakkhA hai ve adhikatara una AcAyoMke banAye hue graMthoMse liye gaye haiM jo sUtrakAra zrIumAsvAmise aneka zatAbdiyoMke pIche hue haiM / aura ve padya, graMthake anya svataMtra bane hue padyoMse, apanI zabdaracanA aura arthagAMbhIryAdike kAraNa svataH bhinna mAlUma par3ate haiM / aura una mANimAlAoM ( graMthoM) kA smaraNa karAte haiM, jinase ve padyaratna lekara isa graMthameM gUthe gaye haiN| una payomese kucha padya, namUneke taurapara, yahAM pAThakoMke avalokanArtha pragaTa kiye jAte haiM:(1) jyoMke tyoM uThAkara rakkhe hue padya ka-puruSArthasiddhayupAyase / " AtmA prabhAvanIyo ratnatrayatejasA sttmev| dAnatapojinapUjAvidyAtizayaizca jinadharmaH // 66 // graMthArthobhayapUrNa kAle vinayena sopadhAnaM c| bahumAnena samanvitamanihnavaM jJAnamArAdhyam // 249 // saMgrahamuccasthAnaM pAdodakamarcanaM praNAmaM c| vAkkAyamanaHzuddhireSaNazuddhizca vidhimAhuH // 437 //

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grny-priikssaa| - - aihikaphalAnapekSA kSAntiniSkapaTatAnasUyatvaM / avipAditvamuditve nirahaMkAratvamiti hi dAtRguNAH // 43 // " ye cAroM padya zrIamRtacaMdrAcAryaviracita 'puruSArtha siddhayupAyase' uThAkara rakkhe gaye haiM / inakI TakasAla hI alaga hai; ye 'AryA' chaMdameM haiM / samasta puruSArthasiddhayupAya isI AryAchaMdameM likhA gayA hai| puruSArthasiddhayupAyameM ina padyoMke nambara kramazaH 30, 36, 168 aura 169 darja haiN| kh-yshstilkse| "yadevAGgamazuddhaM syAdadbhiH zodhyaM tadeva hi / aMgulau sarpadaSTAyAM na hi nAsA nikRtyate // 45 // saMge kaapaalikaatreyiicaaNddaalshvraadibhiH| AplutyadaMDavatsamyagjapenmaMtramupopitaH // 46 // ekarAtraM trirAnaM vA kRtvA snAtvA cturthke| dine zudhyantyasaMdehamRtau vratagatAH striyaH // 47 // mAMsaM jIvazarIraM jIvazarIraM bhavena vA mAMsam / yadvanimbo vRkSo vRkSastu bhavena vA nimvaH // 276 // . zuddhaM dugdhaM na gomAMsaM vstuvaicitrymiihshN| viSaghnaM ratnamAheyaM viSaM ca vipade yataH // 279 // . tacchAkyasAMkhyacArvAkavedavaidyakapardinAm / mataM vihAya hAtavyaM mAMsaM zreyorthibhiH sadA // 284 // " ye saba padya zrIsomadevasUrikRta yazastikalase uThAkara rakkhe hue mAlUma hote haiM / ina padyoMmeM pahale tIna padya yazastilakake chaThe. AzvAsake aura zeSa padya sAtaveM .AzvAsake haiN| .

Page #13
umAsvAmi-zrAvakAcAra / ga-yAMgazAstra ( zvetAmbarIya graMtha ) se / " sarAgopi hi devazcedgururabrahmacAryapi : kRpAhIno'pi dharmazcetkaSTaM naSTaM hahA jagat // 19 // hiMsA vighnAya jAyata vighnazAMtyai kRtApi hi| kulAcAradhiyApyepA kRtA kulavinAzinI // 339 // mAMsa bhakSapitAmuna yasya mAMsamihAnAyaham / etanmAMsasya mAMsatve nirukti manurabravIt // 265 // ulUkakAkamAAragRdhazaMvarazUkarAH / . ahivRzcikagodhAzca jAyaMte rAtribhojanAt // 326 // " ye cAroM padya zrIhemacandrAcAryaviracita 'yogazAstra' se liye hue mAlUma hote haiM / inameMse zurUke do padya yogazAstrake dUsare prakAzameM ( adhyAya ) kramazaH naM0 14-29 para aura zeSa donoM padya, tIsare prakAzameM naM0 26 aura 67 para darja haiM / tIsare padyake pahale tIna caraNoMmeM manusmRtike vacanakA ullekha hai| gha-vivekavilAsa ( zve. graMtha ) se / " aarbhyaikaaNgulaadimbaadyaavdekaadshaaNgulN| (uttraardh)10|| gRhe saMpUjayedvimbamUrdhvaM prAsAdagaM punH| pratimA kASThalepAzmasvarNarupyAyasAM gRhe // 104 // . mAnAdhikaparivArarahitA naiva pUjeyat / (puurvaardh)|| 105 // prAsAde dhvajanirmukte pUjAhomajapAdikaM / sarva vilupyate yasmAttasmAtkAryoM dhvajocchrayaH // 107 // * 1 vivekavilAsameM 'svarNasanyAyasAM' kI jagaha 'dantacitrAyasA' pATha, diyA hai|

Page #14
grnth-priikssaa| atItAndazataM yatsyAt yacca sthApitamuttamaiH / tacaMgamapi pUjyaM syAdvimbaM taniSphalaM na hi // 108 // " ye saba padya jinadatta sUrikRta 'vivekavilAsa' ke prathama ullAsameM kramazaH naM. 144, 145, 178 aura 140 para darja haiM aura prAyaH vahIMse uThAkara yahAM rakkhe gaye mAlUma hote haiM / Upara jina uttarArdha aura pUrvAdhA~ko milAkara do koSTaka diye gaye haiM, vivekavilAsameM ye donoM zloka isI prakAra svataMtra rUpase naM. 144 aura 145 para likhe haiN| arthAt uttarArdhako pUrvArdha aura pUrvArdhako uttarArdha likhA hai / umAsvAmizrAvakAcArameM uparyukta zloka naM. 103 kA pUrvArdha aura zloka naM. 105 kA uttarArdha isa prakArase diyA hai: " navAMgule tu vRddhiH syAdudvegastu SaDAMgule (puurvaardh)103||" "kASThalepAyasAM bhUtAH pratimAH sAmprataM na hi (uttraadh)105||" zloka naM. 105 ke isa uttarArdhase mAlUma hotA hai ki umAsvAmizrAvakAcArake racayitAne vivekavilAsake samAna kASTha, lepa aura lohekI pratimAoMkA zloka naM. 104 meM vidhAna karake phira unakA niSedha ina zabdoMmeM kiyA hai ki Ajakala ye kASTha, lepa aura lohekI pratimAyeM pUjanake yogya nahIM haiN| isakA kAraNa agale zlokameM yaha batalAyA hai ki ye vastuyeM yathokta nahIM milatI aura jIvotpatti Adi. bahutase doSoMkI saMbhAvanA rahatI hai / yathAH- . " yogyasteSAM yathoktAnAM laabhsyaapitvbhaavtH| jIvotpattyAdayo doSA bahavaH saMbhavaMti ca // 106 // " graMthakartAkA yaha hetu bhI vidvajjanoMke dhyAna dene yogya hai|

Page #15
umaasvaami-shraavkaacaar|| DA-dharmasaMgrahazrAvakAcArase / " mAlyadhUpadIpAyaiH sacittaiH ko'rcayejinam / sAvadhasaMbhavAdbhakti yaH sa evaM prabodhyate // 137 // jinArcAnekajanmotthaM killipaM hanti yA kRtA / sA kinna yajanAcArairbhavaM sAvadyamaMginAm // 138 // preryante yatra vAtena dantinaH prvtopmaaH| tatrAlpazaktitejassu daMzakAdiSu kA kathA // 139 // bhuktaM syAtprANanAzAya vipaM kevlmNginaam| jIvanAya marIcAdisadaupadhavimizritam // 14 // tathA kuTumbabhogyArthamAraMbhaH pApakRdbhavet / dharmakRddAnapUjAdau hiMsAlezo mataH sadA // 141 // " ye pAcoM padya paM0 medhAvIkRta 'dharmasaMgrahazrAvakAcArake' 9 veM adhikArameM nambara 72 se 76 taka darja haiM / vahIMse liye hue mAlUma hote haiN| __ca-anyagraMthoMke padya / "nAkRtvA prANinAM hiMsAM mAMsamutpadyate cit / na ca prANivadhaHsvayaMstasmAnmAMsaM vivarjayet // 264 // AsalabhavyatA karmahAnisaMjJitvazuddhapariNAmAH / samyaktvaheturantarvAhyopyupadezakAdizca // 23 // saMvego nirvedo nindA gardA tthopshmbhktii| vAtsalyaM tvanukampA cApTaguNAH santi samyaktve // 70 // " ina tInoM padyoMmeMse pahalA padya manusmRtike pAMcaveM adhyAyakA 48 vA~ padya hai| yogazAstrameM zrIhemacandrAcAryane ise, tIsare prakAza meM, uddhRta

Page #16
grantha- parIkSA | kiyA hai aura manukA likhA hai / isIlie yA to yaha padya sIdhA 'manusmRti' se liyA gayA hai yA anya padyoMkI samAna yogazAstra se hI uThAkara rakkhA gayA hai / dUsarA padya yazastilaka ke chaTe AzvAsameM aura dharmasaMgrahazrAvakAcArake cauthe adhikArameM ' uktaM ca ' rUpase likhA hai / yaha kisI dUsare graMthakA padya hai-isakI TakasAla bhI alaga hai - isalie graMthakarttAne yA to ise sIdhA usa dUsare graMthase hI uThAkara rakkhA hai aura yA ukta donoM graMthoMmeMse kisI graMthase liyA hai| tIsarA padya ' vasunandizrAvakAcAra ' kI nimnalikhita prAkRta gAthAkI saMskRta chAyA hai: " saMbeo Nio jiMdA garuhA ya uvasamo bhattI / vacchallaM aNukaMpA aThaguNA huti sammatte // 49 // isa gAthAkA ullekha ' paMcAdhyAyI' meM bhI, pRSTha 133 para, ukta ca ' rUpase pAyA jAtA hai / isalie yaha tIsarA padya yA to vasunandizrAvakAcArakI TIkAse liyA gayA hai, yA isa gAthAparase ulthA kiyA gayA hai / (2) aba, udAharaNa ke taurapara, kucha parivartita padya, una padyoMke sAtha jinako parivartana karake ve banAye gaye mAlUma hote haiM, nIce pragaTa kiye jAte haiM / inheM dekhakara parivarttanAdikakA acchA anubhava ho sakatA hai / ina payoMkA paraspara N zabdasauSThava aura arthagauravAdi sabhI viSaya vidvAnoMke dhyAna dene yogya haiM: 1 - svabhAvato'zucau kAye ratnatrayapavitrite / nirjugupsA guNaprItirmatA nirvicikitsitA // 13 // - ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAraH / svabhAvAdazucau dehe ratnatrayapavitrite / 'nirghuNA ca guNaprItirmatA nirvicikitsitA // 41 // - umAsvAmizrAva0 / 12

Page #17
2 -- jJAnaM pUjAM kulaM jAtiM valamRddhi tapo vapuH / aSTAvAzrityamAnitvaM samacamAhurgatasmayAH // 25 // - ratnakaraMDa bhA0 / umAsvAmi zrAvakAcAra / jJAnaM pUjAM kulaM jAtiM balamRddhaM tapo vapuH / aSTAvAzrityamAnitvaM gatadarpA madaM viduH // 85 // 3-- darzanAccaraNAdvApi calatAM dharmavatsalaiH / pratyavasthApanaM prAjJaiH sthitIkaraNamucyate // 16 // -umA0 bhA0 / darzanajJAnacAritratrayAndraSTasya janminaH / pratyavasthApanaM tajJAH sthitIkaraNa mUcire // 58 // -ratnakaraNDa0 A0 / * 4 - svayUthyAnpratisadbhAvasanAthApeta kaitavA | pratipattiryathAyogyaM vAtsalyamabhilapyate // 17 // * - umA0 zrA0 / * sAdhUnAM sAdhuvRttInAM sAgArANAM sadharmiNAm / pratipattiryathAyogyaM takSairvAtsalyamucyate // 63 // -ratnakaraNDa0 zrA0 / * -umA0 A0 / 5 -- samyagjJAnaM kAryaM samyaktvaM kAraNaM vadanti jinAH / jJAnArAdhanamiSTaM samyaktvAnaMtaraM tasmAt // 33 // - puruSArthasiddhyupAyaH / * yaha pUrvArSa 'svayUthyAnprati' isa itanehI padakAM arthaM mAlUma hotA hai| zepa 'sadbhAvasanAthA.." ityAdi gauravAntrita padakA isameM bhAva bhI nahIM aayaa| 13

Page #18
grnth-priikssaa| samyagjJAnaM mataM kArya samyaktvaM kAraNaM ytH| jJAnasyArAdhanaM proktaM samyaktvAnaMtaraM ttH|| 247 // ___-umA0 shraa0| 6-hiMsyante tilanAlyAM tatAyasi vinihite tilA yadvat / bahavo jIvA yonau hiMsyante maithune tadvat // 108 // --purussaarthaas| tilanAlyAM tilA yaddava hiMsyante vahavastathA / jIvA yonau ca hiMsyante maithune niMdhakarmaNi // 370 // -umA0 shraa0| 7--manomohasya hetutvAnnidAnatvAca, durgH| madhaM sadbhiH sadA tyAjyamihAmutra ca doSakRt // yazastilaka / manomohasya. hetutvAnnidAnatvAdbhavApadAm / madhaM saddhiH sadA heyamihAmutra ca doSakRt // 261 // --umA0 shraa0| 8-mUDhatrayaM madAzcASTau tathAnAyatanAni SaT / aSTau zaMkAdayazcetiharadoSAH pNcviNshtiH|| 8 // yazastilaka / mUDhatrikaM cASTamadAstathAnAyatanAni SaT / zaMkAdayastathA cASTau kudoSAH paMcaviMzatiH // 8 // --umA0 shraa0| 9-sAdhyasAdhanabhedena dvidhA smyktvmissyte| kathyate kSAyikaM sAdhyaM sAdhanaM dvitayaM paraM // 2-58 // -amitagatyupAsakAcAraH /

Page #19
umAsvAmi-zrAvakAcAra / sAdhyasAdhanabhedena dvidhA samyaktvamIritam / sAdhanaM dvitayaM sAdhyaM kSAyika muktidAyakam // 27 // -umA0 zrA0 / 10-hantA palasya vikretA saMskartA bhksskstthaa| kretAnumantA dAtA ca ghAtakA eva yenmanuH // 3-20 // -yogazAstra / hantA dAtA ca saMskartAnumantA bhakSakastathA / ketA palasya vikretA yaH sa durgatibhAjanaM // 263 // -umA0 zrA0 / 11-strIsaMbhogena yaH kAmajvaraM prati cikIti / sa hutAzaM ghRtAhutyA vidhyApayitumicchati // 2-82 // -yogshaastr| maithunena smarAsi~ yo vidhyApayitumicchati / sarpipA sa jvaraM mUDhaH praudaM prati cikIrSati // 371 // -umA0 A0 / 12-kampaH svedaH zramoM mUrchA bhramiglAnirvalakSayaH / 'rAjayakSmAdirogAzca bhaveyumaithunotthitAH // 2-79 // -yogazAstra / svado bhrAntiH zramo glAnirmU>> kampo valakSayaH / maithunotthA bhavatyete vyAdhayopyAdhayastathA // 368 // -umA. shraa.| / 1 isake Age 'manusmRti ke pramANa diye haiN| jinameMse eka pramANa"nAkRtvA prANinAM hiMsA......" ityAdi Upara uddhRta kiyA gayA hai|

Page #20
grnth-priikssaa| 13-rajanIbhojanatyAge ye guNAH paritopi tAn / na sarvajJAhate kazcidaparo vakumIzvaraH // 3-70 // yogshaastr| rAtribhuktivimuktasya ye guNAH khalu janminaH / ' sarvajJamantareNAnyo na tasyaravaktumIzvaraH // 327 // -umAsvA0 A0 / yogazAstrake tIsare prakAzameM, zrIhemacaMdrAcAryane 15 malIna karmAdAnoMke tyAganekA upadeza diyA hai / jinameM pAMca jIvikA, pAMca vANijya aura pAMca anya karma haiM / inake nAma do zlokoM (naM.99-100) meM isa prakAra diye haiM: 1 aMgArajIvikA, 2 vanajIvikA, 3 zakaTajIvikA, 4 bhATakajI* vikA, 5 sphoTakajIvikA, 6 dantavANijya, 7 lAkSAvANijya, 8 rasavANijya, 9 kezavANijya, 10 viSavANijya 11 yaMtrapIDA, 12 nilochana, 13 asatIpoSaNa, 13 davadAna aura 15 saraHzoSa / isake pazcAt (zloka naM0 113 taka ) ina 14 karmAdAnoMkA pRthaka pRthak svarUpa varNana kiyA hai / jisakA kucha namUnA isa prakAra hai: "aNgaarbhrssttaakrnnaaNkuNsaayaasvrnnkaaritaa| . ThaThAratveSTakApAkAvitIhAgArajIvikA // 101 // navanItavasAkSaudramadhaprabhRtivikrayaH / dvipAccatuSpAdvikreyo vANijyaM rasakezayoH // 108 // nAsAvedhokanaM suSkacchedanaM pRSThagAlanaM / karNakambalavicchedo ni chanasudIritaM // 11 // sArikAzukamArjArazvakurkaTakalApinAm / / poSo dAsyAzca vittArthamasatIpoSaNaM viduH // 112 // . yogazAstra /

Page #21
umAsvAmi-zrAvakAcAra, - ina 15 karmAdAnoMke svarUpakathanameM jina jina kA~kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai, prAyaH una sabhI karmoMkA niSedha umAsvAmizrAvakAcArameM bhI zloka naM. 403 se 412 taka pAyA jAtA hai| parantu 14 karmAdAna tyAjya haiM; ve kauna kaunase haiM aura unakA pRthak pRthak svarUpa kyA hai; ityAdi varNana kucha bhI nahIM milatA / yogazAstrake uparyukta cAroM zlokoMse milate julate umAsvAmizrAvakAcArameM nimnalikhita zloka pAye jAte haiN| jinase mAlUma ho sakatA hai ki ina padyoMmeM kitanA aura kisa prakArakA parivartana kiyA gayA hai: " aNgaarbhraassttkrnnmyHsvrnnaadikaaritaa| iSTakApAcanaM ceti tyaktavyaM muktikAMkSibhiH // 404 // navanItavasAmadyamadhyAdInAM ca vikrayaH / dvipAcatuSpAJcavikreyo na hitAya mataH kvacit // 406 // . kaMTanaM nAsikAvedho muSkacchedoMghribhedanam / karNApanayanaM nAmanilauchanamudIritam // 411 // kekiikukkttmaarjaarsaarikaashukmNddlaaH| poSyaMte na kRtaprANighAtAH pArAvatA api // 403 // -umA0 zrAM0 / bhagavadumAsvAmike tattvArthasUtrapara 'gaMdhahasti' nAmakA mahAbhASya racanevAle aura ratnakaraMGazrAvakAcArAdi granthoMke praNetA vidvacchiromaNi svAmI samantabhadrAcAryakA astitva vikramakI dUsarI zatAbdike lagabhaga mAnA jAtA hai; puruSArthasiddhapatyAyAdi graMthoMke racayitA zrImadamRtacaMdrasUrine vikramakI 10 vIM zatAbdimeM apane astitvase isa pRthvI 1'nilIchana ' kA java isase pahale isa dhAvakAcArameM kahIM nAmanirdeza. nahIM kiyA gayA, taba phira yaha lakSaNanirdeza kaisA ?

Page #22
anth-yriikssaa| talako suzobhita kiyA aisA kahA jAtA hai; yazastilakake nimArNakartA zrIsomadevasUri vikramakI 11 vIM zatAbdimeM vidyamAna the aura unhoMne vi. saM. 1016 (zaka saM. 881 ) meM yazastilakako banAkara samApta kiyA hai; dharmaparIkSA tathA upAsakAcArAdi graMthoMke kartA zrIamitagatyAcArya vikramakI 11 vIM zatAbdimeM hue haiM; yogazAstradi bahutase . graMthoMkI racanA karanevAle svetAMvarAcArya zrIhemacandrasUri rAjA kumArapAlake samayameM arthAt vikramakI 13 vIM zatAbdimeM ( saM. 1229. taka) maujUda the; vivekavilAsake kartA khetAMvara sAdhu zrIjinadattasUri vi. kI 13 vIM zatAbdimeM hue haiM; aura paM. medhAvIkA astitvasamaya 16 vIM zatAbdI nizcita haiN| Apane dharmasaMgraha zrAvakAcArako vikrama saMvat 1541 meM banAkara pUrA kiyA hai| aba pAThakagaNa svayaM samajha sakate haiM ki yaha graMtha ( umAsvAmizrAvakAcAra), jisameM bahuta pIchese honevAle ina uparyukta vidvAnoMke graMthoMse padya lekara unheM jyoMkA tyoM yA parivartita karake rakkhA hai, kaise sUtrakAra bhagavadubhAsvAmikA banAyA huA hI saMkatA hai ? sUtrakAra bhagavAn umAsvAmikI asAdhAraNa yogyatA aura usa samayakI paristhitiko, jisa samayameM ki unakA avataraNa huA hai, sAmane rakhakara parivartita padyoM . tathA graMthake anya svataMtra bane hue padyoMkA samyagavalokana karanese sApha mAlUma hotA hai ki yaha graMtha ukta sUtrakAra bhagavAnkA banAyA huA nahIM hai| balki unase dazoM zatAbdI pIchekA banA huA hai| . . . . viruddhakathana / .. isa graMthake eka padyameM. vratake, sakala, aura vikala aise, do bhedoMkA varNana karate hue likhA hai ki sakalaM vratake 13 bheda aura vikala vratake 12 bheda haiN| vaha padya isa prakAra hai:

Page #23
umAsvAmi-zrAvakAcAra / "sakalaM vikalaM proktaM dvibhedaM vratamuttamaM / sakalasya tridaza bhedA vikalasya ca dvAdaza // 259 // parantu sakala batake ve 13 bheda kaunase haiM ? yaha kahIMpara isa zAstrameM agaTa nahIM kiyaa| tattvArthasUtrameM sakalavata arthAt mahAvratake pAMca bheda varNana kiye haiM / jaisA ki nimnalikhita do sUtroMse pragaTa hai:." hiMsAtasteyabrahmaparigrahebhyo virativratam // 7-1 // . "dezasarvato'NumahatI" // 7-2 // saMbhava hai ki paMcasamiti aura tIna guptiko zAmila karake teraha prakArakA sakalavata graMthakartAke dhyAnameM rahA ho / parantu tattvArthasUtrameM, jo bhagavAn umAsvAmikA sarvamAnya graMtha hai, ina paMcasamiti aura tIna guptiyA~ko vratasaMjJAmeM dAkhila nahIM kiyA hai / vikalavratakI saMkhyA jo bAraha likhI hai, vaha ThIka hai aura yahI sarvatra prasiddha hai| tattvArthasUtrameM bhI 12 vratoMkA varNana hai, jaisA ki uparyukta donoM sUtroMko nimnalikhita sUtroMke sAtha par3hanese jJAta hotA hai: " aNuvrato'gArI? // 7-20 // " digdezAnarthadaNDaviratisAmAyikaproSadhopavAsopabhogaparibhogaparimANAtithisaMvibhAgavratasaMpannazca // 7-21 // isa zrAvakAcArake zloka naM. 328* meM bhI ina gRhasthocita vratoMke. pAMca aNuvrata, tIna guNavrata aura cAra zikSAbata aise, bAraha bheda varNana kiye haiN| paraMtu isI graMthake dUsare padyameM aisA likhA hai ki * " aNuvratAAni paMca syuniprakAra guNavatam / zikSApratAni catvAri sAgArANAM jinAgame " // 328 // 19

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grnth-priikssaa| "evaM vrataM mayA proktaM trayodazavidhAyutam / / niraticArakaM pAlyaM te'tIcArAstu saptatiH // 461 // arthAta-maiMne yaha taraha prakArakA vrata varNana kiyA hai, jisako atIcAroMse rahita pAlanA cAhie aura ve (vratoMke ) atIcAra, saMkhyAmeM yahAMpara vratoMkI yaha 13 saMkhyA Upara ullekha kiye hue zloka naM. 259 aura 328 se tathA tattvArthasUtrake kathanase viruddha par3atI hai| tattvArthasUtrameM 'sallekhanA' ko vratoMse alaga varNana kiyA hai / isa liye sallekhanAko zAmila karake yaha terahakI saMkhyA pUrI nahIM kI jaasktii| vratoMke atIcAra bhI tattvArthasUtrameM 60 hI varNana kiye haiM / yadi sallekhanAko vratoMmeM mAnakara usake pAMca atIcAra bhI zAmila kara liye. jAveM taba bhI 65 (1345) hI atIcAra hoMge / parantu yahAMpara vratoMke. atIcAroMkI saMkhyA 70 likhI hai, yaha eka AzcaryakI bAta hai| sUtrakAra bhagavAna umAsvAmike vacana isa prakAra paraspara yA pUrvApara virodhako liye hue nahIM ho skte| isI prakArakA parasparaviruddha kathana aura bhI kaI sthAnoMpara pAyA jAtA hai| eka sthAnapara zikSAvratoMkA varNana karate hue likhA hai: "svazaktyA kriyate yatra sNkhyaabhogopbhogyoH| bhogopabhogasaMkhyAkhyaM tattRtIyaM guNavratam // 430 // " isa padyase yaha sApha pragaTa hotA hai ki graMthakartAne, tattvArthasUtrake viruddha, bhogopabhoga parimANa. vratako, zikSAbatake sthAnameM tIsarA guNavrata . varNana kiyA hai| parantu isase pahale khuda graMthakarttAne 'anarthadaNDaviraMti'. ko hI tIsarA guNavata varNana kiyA hai| aura vahAM digvirati, dezavirati tathA anarthadaNDavirati, aise tIno guNavratoMko kathana kiyA hai| guNavatoM 21.

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umsvaami-shraavkaacaar| kA kathana samApta karaneke bAda graMthakAra isase pahale Ayake do zikSAvratoM ( sAmAyika-propadhodhapavAsa) kA svarUpa bhI de cuke haiM / aba yaha tIsare zikSAvatake svarUpakathanakA nambara thA, jisako Apa ' guNavata' likha gaye ! kaI AcAryoMne bhogopabhogaparimANa vratako guNavratAmeM mAnA hai| mAlUma hotA hai ki yaha padya kisI aise hI graMthase liyA gayA hai, jisameM bhogopabhogaparimANa vratako tIsarA guNavata varNana kiyA hai aura granthakAra isameM zikSAvratakA parivartana karanA bhUla gaye athavA unheM isa vAtakA smaraNa nahIM rahA ki hama zikSAbatakA varNana kara rahe haiN| yogazAstrameM bhogopabhogapariNAmavatako dUsarA guNavata varNana kiyA hai aura usakA svarUpa isa prakAra likhA hai bhogopabhogayoH saMkhyA zaktyA yatra vidhiiyte| * bhogopabhogamAnaM tadvaitIyIkaM guNavatam // 3-4 // yaha padya Uparake padyase bahuta kucha milatA julatA hai / saMbhava hai ki . isIparase UparakA padya banAyA gayA ho aura ' guNavatam ' isa padakA 'parivartana karanA raha gayA ho / isa graMthake eka padyameM 'loca' kA kAraNa bhI varNana kiyA gayA hai| * vaha padya isa prakAra hai: "adainyavairAgyakRte kRto'yaM keshlockH| yatIzvarANAM vIratvaM vratanaimalyadIpakaH // 5 // isa padyakA granthameM pUrvottarake kisI bhI padyase kucha sambandha nahIM hai| na kahIM isase pahale loMcakA koI jikara AyA aura na granthameM isakA koI prasaMga hai / aisA asambandha aura aprAsaMgika kathana umAsvAmI mahAsajakA nahIM ho sakatA / granthakarttAne kahA~parase yaha majamUna liyA hai aura kisa prakArase isa padyako yahA~ denameM galatI khAI hai, ye saba bAteMz2arUrata honepara, phira kabhI pragaTa kI jaayegii|

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grnth-prkssiaa| ina saba bAtoMke sivA isa graMthameM, aneka sthAnoMpara, aisA kathana bhI. pAyA jAtA hai jo yukti aura Agamase bilakula viruddha jAna par3atA. hai aura isa liye usase aura bhI jyAdaha isa bAtakA samarthana hotA hai ki yaha graMtha bhagavAna umAsvAmikA banAyA huA nahIM hai| aise kathanake kucha namUne nIce diye jAte haiM:- . . . (1) graMthakAra mahAzaya, eka sthAnapara, likhate haiM ki jisa maMdirapara dhvajA nahIM hai, usa maMdirameM kiye hue pUjana, homa aura japAdika saba hI vilupta ho jAte haiM arthAt unakA kucha bhI phala nahIM hotA / yathAH-- * prAsAde dhvajanimukta puujaahomjpaadik| sarvaM vilupyate yasmAttasmAtkAryoM dhvjocchyH||107|| isI prakAra dUsare sthAnapara likhate haiM ki jo manuSya phaTe purAne,. khaMDita yA maile vasroMko pahinakara dAna, pUjana, tapa, homa yA svAdhyAya karatA hai to usakA aisA karanA niSphala hotA hai / yathAH "khaMDite galite chinne maline caiva vaassi| 'dAnaM pUjA tapo homaH svAdhyAyo viphalaM bhavet // 136 / / mAlUma nahIM hotA ki maMdirake UparakI dhvajAkA isa pUMjanAdikake phalake sAtha kaunasA sambaMdha haiM aura jainamatake kisa gUr3ha siddhAntapara graMthakArakA yaha kathana avalambita hai| isI prakAra yaha bhI mAlUma nahIM hotA ki phaTe purAne tathA khaMDita vastroMkA dAna, pUjana, tapa aura svAdhyAyAdike phalase kaunasA virodha hai jisake kAraNa ina kAryoMkA karanA hI nirarthaka ho jAtA hai / bhagavadamAsvAmine tattvArthasUtrameM aura zrIalaMkadevAdika TIkAkAroMne 'rAjavArtika' Adi graMthoMmeM zubhAzubhaM karmoMke Asrava aura bandhake kAraNoMkA vistArake sAtha varNana kiyA hai| parantu aisA kathana . kahIM nahIM pAyA jAtA, jisase yaha mAlUma hotA ho-ki.maMdirakI eka 22

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dhvajA bhI bhAvapUrvaka kiye hue pUjanAdikake phalako ulaTapulaTa karadene meM samartha hai| saca pUchiye to manuSyake karmoMkA phala usake bhAvoMkI jAti aura unakI taratamatApara nirbhara hai| eka garIba AdamI apane phaTe purAne kapar3oMko pahine hue aise maMdirameM jisake zikhara para dhvajA bhI nahIM hai, bar3e premake sAtha paramAtmAkA pUjana aura bhajana kara rahA hai aura sirase pairataka bhaktirasameM DUba rahA hai, vaha usa manuSyase adhika puNya upArjana karatA hai jo acche sundara navIna vastroMko pahine hue dhvajAvale mandirameM binA bhakti bhAvake, sirpha apane kulakI rIti samajhatA huA, pUjanAdika karatA ho / yadi aisA nahIM mAnA jAya arthAt yaha kahA jAya ki phaTe purAne vastroMke pahinane yA mandirapara dhvajA na honeke kAraNa usa garIba AdamIke una bhakti bhAvoMkA kucha bhI phala nahIM hai| to jainiyoMko apanI karma philAsophIko uThAkara rakha denA hogA / parantu aisA nahIM hai / isaliye ina donoM padyoMkA kathana yukti aura Agamase viruddha hai / inameMse pahalA padya zvetAmbaroMke ' vivekavi - lAsa' kA paya hai, jaisA ki Upara jAhira kiyA gayA hai / ( 2 ) isa graMthake pUjanAdhyAyameM puSpamAlAoMse pUjanakA vidhAna karate hue, eka sthAnapara likhA hai ki campaka aura kamalake phUlakA ' usakI kalI Adiko tor3aneke dvArA, bheda karanese munihatyA ke samAna pApa, lagatA hai / yathA: - umAsvAmi- zrAvakAcAra / " naiva puSpaM dvidhAkuryAnna chiMdyAtkalikAmapi / campakAtpalabhedena yatihatyAsamaM phalam // 127 // " yaha kathana bilakula jainasiddhAnta aura jainAgamake viruddha hai / kahA~ to ekeMdriyaphUlakI pa~khar3I AdikA tor3anA aura kahA~ munikI hatyA ! donoMkA pApa kadApi samAna nahIM ho sakatA / jainazAstroMmeM ekeMdriya jIvoMke ghAtase lekara paMceMdriya jIvoMke ghAtaparyaMta aura phira paMceMdriyaMjI - .. 23

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grantha- parIkSA | / . voMmeM bhI kramazaH gau, strI, bAlaka, sAmAnya manuSya, aviratasamyagdRSTi, vratI zrAvaka aura munike ghAtase utpanna huI pApakI mAtrA uttarottara adhika varNana kI hai / aura isIliye prAyazcittasamuccayAdi prAyazcittagraMthoM meM bhI isI kramase hiMsAkA uttarottara adhika daMDa vidhAna kahA gayA hai / karmaprakRtiyoM ke bandhAdhikakA prarUpaNa karanevAle aura 'tIvramaMdajJAtAjJAtabhAvAdhikaraNavIryavizeSebhyastadvizeSaH ' ityAdi sUtroMke dvArA karmAsravoMkI nyUnAdhikatA darzAnevAle sUtrakAra mahodayakA aisA asamaMjasa vacana, ki eka phUlakI paMkhaDI tor3anekA pApa munihatyAke samAna hai, kadApi nahIM ho sakatA / isI prakArake aura bhI bahutase asamaMjasa aura Agamaviruddha kathana isa graMthameM pAe jAte haiM, jinheM isa samaya chor3A jAtA hai| jarUrata honepara phira kabhI pragaTa kiye jAya~ge / jahAMtaka maiMne isa graMthakI parIkSA kI hai, mujhe aisA nizcaya hotA hai aura isameM koI saMdeha bAkI nahIM rahatA ki yaha graMtha sUtrakAra bhagavAn umAsvAmi mahArAjakA banAyA huA nahIM hai / aura na kisI dUsarehI mAnanIya jainAcAryakA banAyA huA hai / graMthake zabdoM aura arthoparase, isa graMthakA banAnevAlA koI mAmUlI, adUradarzI aura kSudrahRdaya vyakti mAlUma hotA hai / aura yaha graMtha 16 vIM zatAbdIke bAda 17 vIM zatAbdIke antameM yA usase bhI kucha kAlabAda, usa vakta banAyA jAkara bhagavAn umAsvAmI ke nAmase pragaTa kiyA gayA hai, jaba ki terahapaMtha kI sthApanA ho cukI thI aura usakA prAbalyaM bar3ha rahA thaa| yaha graMtha kyoM banAyA gayA hai ? isakA sUkSma vivecana phira kisI lekhadvArA, jarUrata honepara, pragaTa kiyA jAyagA / parantu yahA~para itanA batalA denA jarUrI hai ki isa graMthameM pUjanakA eka khAsa adhyAya hai aura prAyaH usI adhyAyakI isa graMtha meM pradhAnatA mAlUma hotI hai| zAyada isI - 24

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emaasvaami-shraavkaacaar| liye halAyudhajIne, apanI bhASATIkAke antameM, isa zrAvakAcArako " pUjAprakaraNa nAma zrAvakAcAra" likhA hai| ___ antameM vidvajjanoMse merA savinaya nivedana hai ki ve isa graMthakI acchI tarahase parIkSA karake mere isa uparyukta kathanakI jA~ca kareM aura isa viSayameM unakI jo sammati sthira hove usase, kRpAkara mujhe sUcita karanekI udAratA dikhalAe~ / yadi parIkSAse unheM bhI yaha graMtha sUtrakAra bhagavAn umAsvAmikA banAyA huA sAbita na hove, taba unheM apane usa parIkSAphalako sarvasAdhAraNapara pragaTa karanA cAhie / aura isa tarahapara apane sAdhAraNa bhAiyoMkA bhrama nivAraNa karate hue prAcIna AcAryoMkI usa kIrtiko saMrakSita rakhanemeM sahAyaka honA cAhiye, jisako kaSAyavaza kisI samaya kalaMkita karanekA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| AzA hai ki vidvajjana mere isa nivedanapara avazya dhyAna deMge aura apane karttavyakA pAlana kareMge / ityalaM vizeSu / .

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kundakunda-zrAvakAcAra / joniyoMko bhagavatkundakundAcAryakA paricaya denekI jarUrata nahIM hai / tattvArthasUtrake praNetA zrImadumAsvAmI jaise vidvAnAcArya jinake ziSya kahe jAte haiM, una zrIkundakunda munirAjake pavitra nAmase jainiyoMkA baccA baccAtaka paricita hai / prAyaH sabhI nagara aura grAmoMmeM jainiyoMkI zAstrasabhA hotI hai aura usa sabhAmeM sabase pahale eka bRhat maMgalAcaraNa (OMkAra ) par3hA jAtA hai, jisameM 'maMgalaM kundakundAryaH' isa padake dvArA AcArya mahodayake zubha nAmakA barAbara smaraNa kiyA jAtA hai| saca pUchie to jainasamAjameM, bhagavAn kundakundasvAmI eka bar3e bhArI netA, anubhavI vidvAn aura mAnanIya AcArya ho gaye haiM / unakA astitva vikramakI pahalI zatAbdIke lagabhaga mAnA jAtA hai / bhagavatkuMdakuMdAcAryakA sikkA jainasamAjake hRdaya para yahA~taka aMkita hai ki bahutase graMthakArAne aura qhAsakara bhaTTArakoMne apane Apako Apake hI vaMzaja pragaTa karanemeM apanA saubhAgya aura gaurava samajhA hai / balki yoM kahie ki bahutase logoMko samAjameM kAma karane aura apanA uddezya phailAneke lie Apake pavitra nAmakA Azraya lenA par3A hai| isase pAThaka samajha sakate haiM ki jainiyoMmeM zrIkundakunda kaise prabhAvazAlI mahAtmA ho cuke haiN| bhagavatkuMdakuMdAcAryane apane jIvanakAlameM aneka mahattvapUrNa graMthoMkA praNa-. yana kiyA hai / aura unake graMtha, jainasamAjameM bar3I hI pUjyadRSTi se dekhe jAte haiM / samayasAra, pravacanasAra aura paMcAstikAya Adi graMtha unhIM graMthoMmeMse haiM, jinakA jainasamAjameM sarvatra pracAra hai / Aja isa lekhadvArA jisa graMthakI parIkSA kI jAtI hai| usake sAtha bhI zrIkuMdakuMdAcAryakA nAma lagA huA hai / yadyapi isa graMthakA, samayasArAdi graMthoMke samAna, jainiyoMmeM sarvatra pracAra nahIM hai to bhI yaha graMtha jayapura, bambaI aura mahAsabhAke sarasvatI bhaMDAra Adi aneka bhaMDAroMmeM pAyA jAtA hai|

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kundkund-shraavkaacaar| kahA jAtA hai ki yaha graMtha (zrAvakAcAra ) bhI unhIM bhagavatkuMdakuMdAcAryakA banAyA huA hai jozrIjinacaMdrAcAryake ziSya mAne jAte haiN| aura na sirpha kahA hI jAtA hai, balki khuda isa zrAvakAcArakI aneka saMghiyoMmeM yaha prakaTa kiyA gayA hai ki yaha graMtha zrIjinacaMdrAcAryake ziSya kuMdakuMdasvAmIkA banAyA huA hai| sAtha hI graMthake maMgalAcaraNameM 'vande jinavidhaM gurum ' isa padake dvArA graMthakarttAne 'jinacaMdra' guruko namaskAra karake aura bhI jyAdaha isa kathanakI rajisTarI kara dI hai| parantu jisa samaya isa graMthake sAhityakI jA~ca kI jAtI hai, usa samaya graMthake zabdoM aura arthoparase kucha aura hI mAmalA mAlUma hotA hai / zvetAmbara sampradAyameM zrIjinadattasUri nAmake eka AcArya vikramakI 13vIM zatAbdImeM ho gaye haiN| unakA banAyA huA ' viveka-vilAsa' nAmakA eka graMtha hai / sambat 1954 meM yaha graMtha ahamadAbAdameM gujarAtI bhASATIkAsahita chapA thaa| aura isa samaya bhI bambaI Adi sthAnoMse prApta hotA hai| isa 'vivekavilAsa' aura kuMdakuMdazrAvakAcAra donoM graMthoMkA milAna karanese mAlUma hotA hai ki, ye donoM graMtha vAstabameM eka hI haiN| aura yaha ekatA inameM yahA~taka pAI jAtI hai ki, donoMkA viSaya aura viSayake pratipAdaka zlokahI eka nahIM, balki donoMkI ullAsasaMkhyA, Adima maMgalA caraNa aura antima kAvya+bhI eka hI hai| kahaneke lie donoM graMthoM meM . *donoM graMthoMkA Adima maMgalAcaraNa:: "zAzvatAnandarUpAya tamastomaikamAsvate / * sarvajJAya namastasmai kasmaicitparatmAne // 1 // (isake sivAya maMgalAcaraNake do padya aura haiN|) +donoM graMthoMkA antima kAvyaH " sa zreSThaH puruSApraNIH sa subhaTotaMsaH prasaMsAspadam, sa prAzaH sa kalAnidhiH sa ca muniH sa mAtale yogavit / sa jJAnI sa guNivrajasya tilaka jAnAti yaH svAM mRtim, nirmohaH samupArjayatyatha padaM lokottaram zAzvatam // 12-12 // ..."

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grnth-priikssaa| sirpha 20-30 zlokoMkA paraspara heraphera hai / aura yaha heraphera bhI pahale dUsare, tIsare, pA~caveM aura AThaveM ullAsameM hI pAyA jAtA hai| bAkI ullAsa (naM. 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12) bilakula jyoMke tyoM eka dusarekI pratilipi ( nakala) mAlUma hote haiN| prazastiko chor3akara vivekavilAsakI padyasaMkhyA 1321 aura kuMdakuMdazrAvakAcArakI 1294 hai| vivekavilAMsameM antima kAvyake bAda 10 padyoMkI eka 'prazasti' lagI huI hai, jisameM jinadattasUrikI guruparamparA AdikA varNana hai. / parantu kuMdakuMdazrAvakAcArake antameM aisI koI prazasti nahIM pAI jAtI hai| donoM graMthoMke kisa kisa ullAsameM kitane aura kaunakaunase padya eka dUsarese adhika haiM, isakA saMkSipta vivaraNa isa prakAra hai: una padyoMke nambara jo una padyoMke nambara kuMdakuMdA. jo viveka vilAsameM kaiphiyata ( Remarks ) "meM adhika adhika hai| 163 se6984 se 98 taka kuMdakuMda zrA0 ke ye 73 zloka daMtadhA taka aura 14 zloka ) vana prakaraNake haiM / yaha prakaraNa donoM graMthoM 70 kA meM pahalese zurU huA aura bAdako bhI rahA pUrvAdha hai| kisa kisa kASThakI datAna karanese (zloka) kyA lAbha hotA hai, kisa prakArase dantapAvana karanA niSiddha hai aura kisa varNake manuSyako kitane aMgulakI datAna vyavahArameM lAnI cAhie; yahI saba ina padyoMmeM varNita hai / vivekavilAsake ye : 14 loka pUjanaprakaraNake haiM / aura kisa , samaya, kaise dravyoMse kisa prakAra pUjana karanA caahie| ityAdi varNanako lie hue haiM. .... .._ - -

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kundakunda-zrAvakAcAra / | kuMdakuMda zrA0 ke donoM zlokoMmeM mUSakA-- 233, 3439 (1 zloka), dikake dvArA kisI vastuke kaTephaTe honepara / . (2lokA chadAkRtise zubhAzubha jAnanekA kathana hai| yaha kathana kaI zloka pahalese cala rahA hai| vivekavilAsakA zloka naM. 39 tAmbUla prakaraNakA hai jo pahalese cala rahA hai / x 60(1 zloka) bhojana prakaraNameM eka nimittase bhAyu aura dhanakA nAza mAlUma karaneke sambandhamA / - (10, 11, 57, padya naM. 10-11 meM sote samaya tA-. 142, 1430mbUlAdi kaI vastuoMke tyAgakA kAraNa144, 146 sahita upadeza hai; 57 vA padya puruSaparI-- |188 se 192/ taka ( 12 loka )kSAmeM hastarekhA sambaMdhI hai| donoM pranyoMmeM isa parIkSAke 75 padya aura haiM; 142, 143, 144 meM padminI Adi triyoMkI . pahacAna likhI hai / inase pUrvake padyameM unake nAma diye haiN|16 meM patiprIti hI striyoMko kumArgase rokanevAlI hai, ityAdikathana hai / zeSa 5 padyoMmeM RtukAlakeM samaya kaunasI rAtriko garbha rahanese kaisI : saMtAnaH utpanna hotI hai, yaha kathana pA~cavIM rAtrise 16. vI rAtrike sambaMdhameM hai| isase pahale cAra rAtriyoMkA kathana donoM graMthoMmeM hai / / 29

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grny-pkssiaa| -ameron 1. 253 49, 60, 6, 253 vA padya mImAMsaka matake prakaraNa11leka)75, 85, 255/ nImAMsaka matake devatAke 1293 kA uttarArSa 143 kA uttarArdha, nirUpaNa aura pramANoM ke kayanatI pratijJA 1344 kA pUrvAdha, hai, agale pacane pramANoMke nAna diye 366 kA uttarArva hai| aura darzanoM ke kayanameM bhI devatAkA 420 ke antimavarNana pAyA jAtA hai| paca naM 49 meM tIna caraNa auraalpaTikA yoga diyA hai, 60 meM kisa 421 kA pahalA kisa mahIne meM makAna banavAnese kyA lAma lokI hAni hotI hai; 63 meM kaunase nakSatra meM, ghara banAne kA sUtrapAta karanA; 74 meM yazavyayake spaSTa bheda, isase pUrvake pachameM vakSavyaya aSTa prakArakA hai aisA donoM aMthone sUcita kiyA hai, 85 vA~ padya aparaM ca karake likhA hai; ye cAroM para gRhanirmANa prakaraNa haiM / 255 vA padya jainadarzana prakaraNamA hai| isameM setAmbara sAdhuozA svarUpa diyA hai| isase agale padyaneM digambara sAdhuoMkA svarUpa hai / 29: vA~ para zivamatake prakaraNA hai / uttarArdhake na honese sApha adhUrApana pragaTa hai| kyoMki pUrvAdhane nA dravyomese vArake nityAnityatvakA varNana hai vAsIkA varNana uttarArdhameM hai / zeSa pokA varNana Age diyA jaaygaa| e-man - -

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kundakunda-zrAvakAcAra / Uparake koSTakase donoM granthoM meM padyoMkI jisa nyUnAdhikatAkA vodha hotA hai, bahuta saMbhava hai ki vaha lekhakoMkI kRpAhIkA phala ho -jisa pratiparase vivekavilAsa chapAyA gayA hai aura jisa pratiparase * kuMdakuMdazrAvakAcAra utArA gayA hai, Azcarya nahIM ki unameM yA unakI pUrva pratiyoMmeM lekhakoMkI asAvadhAnIse ye saba padya chUTa gaye hoM kyoMki padyoMkI isa nyUnAdhikatAmeM koI tAttvika yA saiddhAntika vizeSatA nahIM pAI jAtI / valki prakaraNa aura prasaMgako dekhate hue ina padyoMmeM chUTa jAnekA hI adhika khayAla paidA hotA hai / donoM graMthoMse lekhakoMke pramAdakA bhI acchA paricaya milatA hai / kaI sthAnoM para kucha zloka Age . pIche pAye jAte haiM-vivekavilAsake tIsare ullAsameM jo padya naM. 17, 18 aura 62 para darja haiM ve hI padya kuMdakuMdazrAvakAcArameM kramazaH naM0 18,17 aura 60 para darja haiN| AThaveM ullAsameM jo padya naM. 317318 para likhe haiM ve hI padya kuMdakuMdazrAvakAcArameM kramazaH naM:311-310 para pAye jAte haiM, arthAt pahalA zloka pIche aura pIche kA pahale likhA gayA hai / kuMdakuMdazrAvakAcArake tIsare ullAsama zloka naM. 16 ko " uktaM ca" likhA hai aura aisA likhanA ThIka bhI hai; kyoMki yaha padya dUsare graMthakA hai aura isase pahalA padya naMbara 15 bhI isI abhiprAyako liye hue hai| parantu vivekavilAsameM ise 'uktaM ca ' nahIM likhaa| isI prakAra kahIM kahIM para eka graMthameM eka zlokakA jo pUrvArdha hai vahI dUsare graMthameM kisI dUsare zlokakA uttarArdha ho gayA hai / aura kahIM kahIM eka zlokake pUrvArdhako dUsare zlokake uttarArdhase milAkara eka navIna hI zlokakA saMgaThana kiyA gayA hai / nIceka udAharaNoMse isa viSayakA aura bhI spaSTIkaraNa ho jAyagAH. (1) vivekavilAsake AThaveM ullAsameM nimnalikhita do padya diye haiM:

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grantha - grnth-priikssaa| . . "haritAlapabhaizI netrIlarahaM madaH / raktapaH sitairjJAnI madhupiGgairmahAdhanaH // 343 // senAdhyakSo gajAjJaH syaadii_ksscirjiivitH| vistIrNAkSo mahAbhogI kAmI pArAvatekSaNaH // 44 // " . ina donoM padyoM se eka ne raMgakI apekSA aura isameM AkAra cittArakI apekSA kyana hai / parantu kuMdAvanAcArameM pahale payA pUrvArdha aura dUsarenA uttArArtha milAkara eka paya diyA hai, jisakA naM. 323 hai| isase sAfa pragaTa hai zibAnI donoM uttarAI aura pUrvArdha / chUTa gaye haiN| .: (2) vivakavitAsake isI AveM ullAsameM do padya isa prakAra haiM:--. - "nadyAH paratavAr3oSThAttIradoH slilaashyaad| " nirvatatAtmano'bhISTAnanujya pravAsinaH // 356 // __. nAsahAyo na cAjJAta va dAtaH sama tathA / - nAtimavyaM dina nArdharAtrau mAge vudho bajera // 36 // ina donoM pacAmane pahale padya yaha varNana hai ki yadi koI apanAjana paradezako jAye to usake sAtha hA~taka jAkara leTa AnA. cAhie / aura dUsaremeM yaha kyana hai ki madhyAhna aura artha rAtrike samaya binA apane kitI sahAyakako sAtha liye, azAta manuSyoM tathA gulAmAke . sAya mArga nahIM calanA caahie| kuMdAIbhAvakAcArameM ina donoM payoMke sthAnameM eka patra isa prakArase diyA hai "nadyAH parataTAnoThAlIradroH salilAzayAt / nAtimadhyaM dine nArdharAtrI mAge budho vrajet // 358 // yaha padya dahA hI vilakSaNa mAlUma hotA hai / pUrvArdhA uttarArthatte koI sambaMdha nahIM milatA, aura na donoko milAkara eka artha hI ni

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kundakunda - zrAvakAcAra | 1 kalatA hai | isase kahanA hogA ki vivekavilAsameM diye hue donoM uttarArdha aura pUrvArdha yahA~ chUTa gaye haiM aura tabhI yaha asamaMjasatA prApta huI hai / vivekavilAsake isI ullAsasaMbaMdhI padya naM0 420 aura 421 ke sambandhameM bhI aisI hI gar3habar3a kI gaI hai| pahale padmake pahale caraNako dUsare pathake antima tIna caraNoMse milAkara eka padya banA DAlA hai; bAkI pahale payake tIna caraNa aura dUsare padyakA pahalA caraNa, ye saba chUTa gaye haiM | lekhakoMke pramAdako chor3akara, payoMkI isa ghaTAbaDhIkA koI dUsarA vizeSa kAraNa mAlUma nahIM hotA / pramAdI lekhakoM dvArA itane bar3e graMthoM meM dasa bIsa padyoMkA chUTa jAnA tathA ulaTa phera ho jAnA kucha bhI bar3I bAta nahIM hai / isI lie Upara yaha kahA gayA hai ki ye donoM graMtha vAsta 8 meM eka hI haiN| donoM graMthoMmeM asalI pharka sirpha graMtha aura graMthakartAke nAmoMkA hai- vivekavilAsakI saMdhiyoMmeM graMthakA nAma ' vivekavilAsa ' aura graMthakartAkA nAma ' jinadattasUri' likhA hai / kuMdakuMdabhAvakA - cAkI saMdhiyoMmeM graMthakA nAma zrAvakAcAra' aura graMthakartAkA nAma kucha saMdhiyoMmeM 'zrIjinacaMdrAcAryake ziSya kundakundasvAmI' aura zeSa saMdhiyoMmeM kevala ' kundakunda svAmI ' darja hai - isI farkake kAraNa prathama ullAsake do payoMmeM icchApUrvaka parivartana bhI pAyA jAtA hai| vivekavilAsa meM ve donoM paya isa prakAra haiM: " jIvavatpratibhA yasya vaco madhurimAMcitam / dehaM gehaM zriyastaM svaM vaMde sUrivaraM gurum // 3 // svasthAnasyApi puNyAya kupravRttinivRttaye | zrIviveka vilAsAkhyo graMthaH prArabhyate mitaH // 9 // ina donoM payoMke sthAna kuMdakuMdazrAvakAcArameM ye padya diye haiM:" jIvavatpratibhA yasya vaco madhurimAMcitam / dehaM gehaM zriyas svaM vaMde jinavidhuM gurum // 3 // ------ 3 33

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andh-priikssaa| svasyAnasyApi puNyAya kuprvRttinivRttye| . zrAvakAcAravinyAsagraMthaH prArabhyate mitaH // 9 : donoM graMthoMke ina cAroM padyoMmeM paraspara graMthanAma aura graMthakartAke gurunAmakA hI bheda hai| samUce donoM graMthoMmeM. yahI eka vAstavika bheda pAyA jAtA hai| jaba isa nAmamAtrake (graMthanAma-graMthakartAnAmake). bhedake sivA aura taurapara ye donoM graMtha eka hI haiM, taba yaha z2arUrI hai ki ina donoMmeMse, ubhayanAmakI sArthakatA liye hue, koI eka graMthahI asalI ho sakatA hai; dUsareko avazya hI nakalI yA banAvaTI kahanA hogaa|.. * * aba yaha savAla paidA hotA hai ki ina donoM graMthoMmeMse asalI kauna hai aura nakalI yA vanAvaTI kaunasA ? dUsare zabdoMmeM yoM kahie ki kyA pahale kuMdakuMdazrAvakAcAra maujUda thA aura usakI saMdhiyoM tathA do padyoMmeM nAmAdikakA parivartanapUrvaka nakala karake jinadattasUri yA unake nAmase kisI dUsare vyaktine usa nakalakA nAma 'vivekavilAsa.' rakkhA hai; aura isa prakArase dUsare vidvAnake isa graMthako apanAyA hai ? athavA pahale vivekavilAsa hI maujUda thA aura kisI vyaktine usakI isa prakArase nakala karake usakA nAma 'kuMdakuMdazrAvakAcAra' rakha chor3A hai; aura isa tarahapara apane kSudra vicAroMse yA apane kisI gupta abhiprAyakI siddhike lie isa graMthako bhagavatkuMdakuMdake nAmase prasiddha karanA cAhA hai| . . yadi kuMdakuMdazrAvakAcArako, vAstavameM, bhagavatkuMdakuMdasvAmIkA banAyA huA mAnA jAya, tava yaha kahanA hI hogA ki, vivekavilAsa usI parase nakala kiyA gayA hai..| kyoM ki zrIkuMdakuMdAcArya jinadattasUrise eka hajAra varSase bhI adhika kAla pahale ho cuke haiN| parantu, aisA mAnane aura kahanekA koI sAdhana nahIM hai| kuMdakuMdazrAvakAcArameM zrIkuMdakuMdasvAmI aura unake gurukA nAmollekha hAneke sivA. aura kahIM bhI isa

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kundkund-shraavkaacaar| - viSayakA koI pramANa upalabdha nahIM hotA, jisase nizcaya kiyA jAyaM ki yaha graMtha vAstavameM bhagavatkuMcakuMdAcAryakA hI banAyA huA hai / kuMdakuMdasvAmIke bAda honevAle kisI bhI mAnanIya AcAryakI kRtimeM isa zrAvakAcArakA kahIM nAmollekha taka nahIM milatA; pratyuta isake, vivekavilAsakA ullekha z2arUra pAyA jAtA hai| jinadattarike samakAlIna yA unase kucha hI kAla bAda hone vAle vaidikadharmAvalambI vidvAn zrImAdhavAcArya ne apane 'sarvadarzanasaMgraha' nAmake graMthameM vivekavilAsakA ullekha kiyA hai aura usameM bauddhadarzana tathA AhetadarzanasambaMdhI 23 zloka vivekavilAsa aura jinadattasUrike havAlese udhRta kiye haiN| ye saba zloka kundakundazrAvakAcArameM bhI maujUda haiN| isake sivA vivekavilAsakI eka cAraso pA~caso varSakI likhI huI prAcIna prati bambaIke jainamaMdirameM maujUda hai / parantu kuMdakuMdazrAvakAcArakI koI pracIna prati nahIM milatI / ina saba bAtoMko chor3a kara, khuda graMthakA sAhitya bhI isa bAtakA sAkSI nahIM hai ki yaha graMtha bhagavatkuMdakuMdAcAryakA banAyA huA hai| kuMdakuMdasvAmIkI lekhanapraNAlI-unakI kathana zailI-kucha aura hI DhaMgakI hai; aura unake vicAra kucha aura hI chaTAko liye hue hote haiM / bhagavatkuMdakuMdake jitane graMtha abhI taka upalabdha hue haiM, ve saba prAkRta bhASAmeM haiN| parantu isa zrAvakAcArakI bhASA saMskRta hai; samajhameM nahIM AtA ki jaba bhagavatkaMdakuMdane bArIkase bArIka, gar3hase gar3ha aura sugama graMthoMko bhI prAkRta bhASAmeM racA hai, jo usa samayake lie upayogI bhASA thI, taba ve eka isI, sAdhAraNa gRhasthoMke lie banAye hue, graMthako * dekho ' sarvadarzanasaMgraha ' pRSTha 38-72 zrIvyekaTezvarachApAkhAnA kambaI dvArA saMvat 1962 kA chapA huaa| : * vivekavilAsakI isa prAcIna prAtakA samAcAra abhI hAlameM mujhe apane eka mitradvArA mAlUma huA hai|

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grnth-priikssaa| saMskRta bhASAmeM kyoM racate ? parantu ise rahane dIjie / jaina samAjameM AjAla jo bhagavAkuMdakuMdake nirmANa kiye hue samayasAra. pravacanasArAdi graMtha pracalita haiM. unameMse kisI bhI graMthakI AdimeM budakudaH svAmIne 'jinacaMdrAcArya' guruko namastArarupa maMgalAcaraNa nahIM. kiyA hai| parantu zrAvakAcarake Upara uddhRta kiye hue, tIsare ebameM 'vande jinavidhuM gurun' isa pake dvArA 'jinacaMdra guruko namaskArarUpa maMgalacaraNa pAyA jAtA hai| kuMdavaMdasvAmI graMthAma Ama taura para eka padyA maMgalAcaraNa hai| sirpha ' pravacanasAra meM pA~ca payAMcA maMgalAcaraNa milatA hai| paraMtu isa pA~ca payoMke vizeSa maMgalAcaraNameM bhI jinacaMdraguruko namaskAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai / yaha vilakSaNatA isI. zrAvamAcArameM pAI jAtI haiN| rahI maMgalAcaraNake bhAva aura bhASAnIbAta, vaha bhI utta AcAryake kisI graMthatte isa zrAvanAcArahI nahIM milatI / vivakliAsameM bhI yahI paJca hai; bheda sirpha itanA hai ki usameM 'jinavidhu, ke sthAnameM 'rivaraM ' litA hai / jinadacArika guru "jIvadeva' kA nAma isa pathake cAroM caraNoMke prathamAkSaroMko milAnete. nikalatA hai| yathAH.. jIvavatpratibhA yasya, 1 .. vaco madhurimAMcitan / / - dehaM gehaM niyataM svaM. jAsvAdeva-jIvadeva / vande bhUviraM gurum // 3 // j basa itanI hI isa padyameM kArIgarI (racanAcAtI) raksI gaI hai| aura taurapara isameM koI vizeSa gorakhanI bAta nahIM pAI jAtI / vizkabilAsale bhASAkArane bhI isa racanAcAturIko pragaTa kiyA hai / isase. yaha pana.cudakuMdasvAmIkA banAyA huA na hokara jIvadeva ziSya jinadattavArikA hI banAyA huA nizcita hotA hai| avazya hI kuMdabuda 36.

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kundkund-bhaavaacaar| aura 12 antakI ra natarUpa AvaDake aMtargata kA nAma taka bhI 'zrAvakAcArameM 'sUrivaraM' ke sthAnameM 'jinavidhu' kI banAvaTa kI gaI hai| isa banAvaTakA nizcaya aura bhI adhika dRDha hotA hai jaba ki donoM graMthoMke, Upara uddhRta kie hue, padya naM. 9 ko dekhA jAtA hai| isa padyameM graMthake nAmakA parivartana hai-'vivekavilAsa'ke sthAnameM 'zrAvakAcAra banAyA gayA hai-vAstavameM yadi dekhA jAya to yaha graMtha kadApi 'zrAvakAcAra ' nahIM ho sakatA / zrAvakakI 11 pratimAoM aura 12 vratoMkA varNana to dUra rahA, isa graMthameM unakA nAma taka bhI nahIM hai / bhagavaskuMdakuMdane svayaM paTpAhuike aMtargata 'cAritra pAhuDa' meM 11 pratimA aura 13 vratarUpa AvakadharmakA varNana kiyA hai / aura isa kathanake antakI 27 vIM gAthAme, 'evaM sAvayadhamma saMjamacaraNaM udesiyaM sayalaM' isa vAkyake dvArA isI ( 11 pratimA 12 vratarUpa saMyamAcaraNa) ko zrAvadharma batalAyA hai / parantu ve hI kuMdakuMda apane zrAvakAcArameM jo qhAsa zrAvakadharmake hI varNanake lie likhA jAya una 11 pratimAdikakA nAma taka bhI na deveM, yaha kabhI ho nahIM sktaa| isase sApha pragaTa hai ki yaha grantha zrAvakAcAra nahIM hai, balki vivekavilAsake ukta * 9 veM padyameM 'vivekavilAsAkhyaH ' isa padake sthAnameM ' zrAvakA' cAravinyAsa' yaha pada rakhakara kisIne isa graMthakA.nAma vaise hI zrAva kAcAra rakha chor3A hai| aba pAThakoMko yaha jAnanekI z2arUra utkaMThA hogI ki jaba isa graMthameM zrAvakadharmakA varNana nahIM hai, taba kyA varNana hai ? ataH isa granthameM jo kucha varNita hai, usakA digdarzana nIce karAyA jAtA hai:___" sebere uThanekI preraNA; svamavicAra; svaravicAra; sabere puruSoMko apanA dAhinA aura striyoMko bAyA~ hAtha dekhanA; malamUtratyAga aura -gudAdiprakSAlanavidhi; dantadhAvanavidhiH sabere nAkase pAnI pInA; telake kurale karanA; kezoMkA sa~vAranA; darpaNa dekhanA; mAtApitAdikakI bhakti 37

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anya-parIkSA aura unakA pAlana; dehalI AdikA pUjana; dakSiNa vAma svarase praznoMko uttaravidhAna; sAmAnya upadeza; caMndravalAdikake vicAra karanekI preraNA devamUrtike AkArAdikA vicAra; maMdiranirmANavidhi; bhUmiparIkSA; kAThe.. pASANaparIkSA; snAnavicAra; kSaurakarma (hajAmata ) vicAra; vittAdikake anukUla zaMgAra karanekI preraNA; navInavastradhAraNaviMcAra; tAmbUla bhakSaNako preraNA aura vidhi; khetI, pazupAlana aura annasaMgrahAdikake dvArA dhanopArjanakA vizeSa varNana; vaMNikvyavahAravidhi; rAjyasevA; rAjA, maMtrI, senApati aura sevakaMkA svarUpavarNana; vyavasAyamahimA; devapUjA; dAnI preraNA; bhojana kaba, kaisA, 'kahA~ aura kisa prakAra karanA na karanA Adi; samaya mAlUma karanekI vidhi, bhojanameM viSaMkI parIkSA; AmadanI aura kharca AdikA vicAra karanA; saMdhyAsamaya niSiddha karma; dIpakazakuna rAtriko niSiddha karma; kaisI cArapAI paraM kisa prakAra sonA; varake lakSaNa; vadhUkeM lakSaNa; sAmudrika zAstra ke anusAra zarIrake aMgopAMga tathA hastarekhAdikake dvArA puruSaparIkSA aura strIparIkSAkA vizeSa varNaNa lagabhaga 100 zlokoMmeM. viSakanyAMkA lakSaNa; kisa strIko kisa DAMTase dekhanA; tyAjya striyA~ . striyoMke padminI, saMkhinI Adi bheda; striyoMkA vazIkaraNa; suratike cihna aMtubhedase maithunabheda; striyoMse vyavahAra; prema TUTaneke kAraNa patise . virakta striyoMke lakSaNa; kulastrIkA lakSaNa aura karttavya; rajasvalAkA . vyavahAra; maithunavidhi; vIryavardhaka padArthoMke sevanakI preraNA; garbhameM bAlaM- . kaMke aMgopAMga bananekA kathana, garbhasthita bAlakake strI-puruSa napuMsaka / honekI pahacAna; janmamuhUrtavicAra; bAlakake dA~ta nikalane para zubhAzu-. bhavicAra; nidrAvicAra; RtucaryA, vArSika zrAddha karanekI preraNA; dezaM / aura rAjyakA. vicAra; utpAtAdi nimittavicAra, vastukI tez2I. maMdI / jAnanekA vicAra; grahoMkA yoga, gati aura phalavicAra; gRhanirmANavicAra; gRhasAmagrI aura. vRkSAdikakA vicAra; vidyArambhake lie nakSatrAdi:: niSiddha karma; kaisI cA sadhyAsamaya niSiddha kakSA; AmadanI aura bhAI 38

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kundkund-shraavkaacaar| vicAra, guruziSyalakSaNa aura unakA vyavahAra; kauna kauna vidyAyeM aura kalAyeM sIsanI; viSalakSaNa tathA sAdikake chUnekA niSedha; saMpAdikase use hue manupyake viSa dUra hone na hone AdikA vicAra aura cikitsA (98zlokoMmeM); padarzanoMkA varNana; saviveka-vacanavicAra; kisa kisa vastuko dekhanA aura kisako nahIM; dRSTivicAra aura netrasvarUpavicAra, . calane phiranekA vicAra nItikA vizepopadeza; (65 zlokoMmeM ) pApake kAma aura krodhAdike tyAgakA upadeza; dharma karanekI preraNA; dAna, zIla, tapa aura 12 bhAvAnaoMkA saMkSipta kathana; piMDhasthAdidhyAnakA upadeza; dhyAnakI sAdhakasAmagrI; jIvAtmAsaMbaMdhI praznottara, mRtyuvicAra aura vidhipUrvaka zarIratyAgakI prernnaa|" yahI saba isa graMthakI saMkSipta viSaya-sUcI hai| saMkSepase, isa graMthameM sAmAnya nIti, vaidyaka, jyotipa, nimitta, zilpa aura sAmudrikAdi zAstroMke kathanoMkA saMgraha hai| isase pAThaka khuda samajha sakate haiM ki yaha graMtha asaliyatameM 'vivekavilAsa' hai yA.' zrAvakAcAra' / yadyapi isa viSayasUcIse pAThakoMko itanA anubhava z2arUra ho jAyagA ki isa prakArake kathanoMko liye hue yaha graMtha bhagavatkuMdakuMdAcAryakA banAyA huA nahIM ho sakatA / kyoMki bhagavatkuMdakuMda eka U~ce darjeke AtmAnubhavI sAdhu aura saMsAradehabhogoMse virakta mahAtmA the aura unake kisI bhI prasiddha graMthase unake kathanakA aisA DhaMga nahIM pAyA jAtA hai / parantu phira bhI isa nAmamAtrake zrAvakAcArake kucha vizeSa kathanoMko, namUneke taurapara nIce disalAkara aura bhI adhika isa bAtako spaSTa kiye detA hU~ ki yaha graMtha bhagavatkuMdakuMdAcAryakA banAyA huA nahIM hai:- . (1) bhagavatkuMdakuMdAcAryake graMthoM meM maMgalAcaraNaMke sAtha yA usake anantara hI graMthakI pratijJA pAI jAtI hai aura graMthakA phala tathA AzIdi, yadi hotA hai to vaha, antameM hotA hai| parantu isa graMthake kayanakA

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any-priikssaa| kucha DhaMga hI vilakSaNa hai| isameM pahale tIna padyoMmeM to maMgalAcaraNa kiyA / gayA; cauthe padyameM graMthakA phala, lakSmIkI prApti AdibatalAte hue graMthako AzIrvAda diyA gayA; pAMcaveMmeM lakSmIko caMcala kahanevAloMkI nindA kI gaI; chaThe sAtavemeM lakSmIkI mahimA aura usakI prAptikI preraNA kI gaI; AThaveM nauveMmeM (itanI dUra Akara ) graMthakI pratijJA aura usakA nAma diyA gayA hai; dasaveMmeM yaha batalAyA hai ki isa graMthameM jo kahIM kahIM (kahIM kahIM yA prAyaH sarvatra ?) pravRttimArgakA varNana kiyA gayA hai vaha bhI vivekI dvArA Adara kiyA huA nivRttimArgameM jA milatA hai; gyArahaveM bArahaveMmeM phira graMthakA phala aura eka bRhat AzIrvAda diyA gayA hai, isake bAda graMthakA kathana zurU kiyA hai| isa prakArakA akrama kathana par3hane meM bahuta hI khaTakatA hai aura vaha kadApi bhagavatkuMdakuMdakA nahIM ho sakatA / aise aura bhI kathana isa graMthameM pAye jAte haiM / astu / ina . padyoMmeMseM pA~cavA padya isa prakAra hai: caMcalatvaM kalaMkaM ye zriyo dadati durdhiyH| te mugdhAH svaM na jAnanti nirvivekamapuNyakam // 5 // arthAt-jo durbuddhi lakSmIpara caMcalatAkA doSa lagAte haiM, ve mUDha yaha nahIM jAnate haiM ki hama khuda nirvivekI aura puNyahIna haiM / bhAvArtha, jo lakSmIko caMcala batalAte haiM ve durbuddhi, nirvivekI aura puNyahIna haiM / pAThakagaNa ! kyA adhyAtmarasake rasika aura apane graMthoMmeM sthAna sthAnapara dUsaroMke zuddhAtmasvarUpakI prApti karanekA hArdika prayatna karanevAle maharSioMke aise hI vacana hote haiM ? kadApi nhiiN| bhagavatkuMdakuMda to kyA, sabhI AdhyAtmika AcAryone lakSmIko 'caMcalA'capalA' 'indrajAlopamA, ''kSaNabhaMgurA,' ityAdi vizeSaNoMke sAtha varNana kiyA hai / nItikAroMne bhI 'calAlakSmIzcalAH prANAH...' ityAdi cAkyoMdvArA aisA hI pratipAdana kiyA hai aura vAstavameM lakSmIkA svarUpa .

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kundakunda-zrAvakAcAra / he bhI aisA hii| phira isa kahanemaiM durbuddhi aura mUDhatAkI bAta hI konasI huI, yaha kucha samajhameM nahIM AtA / yahA~para pAThakoMke hRdayameM yaha prazna z2arUra utpanna hogA ki jaba aisA hai taba jinadattasUrine hI kyoM isa prakArakA kathana kiyA hai / isakA uttara sirpha itanA hI ho sakatA hai ki isa bAtako to jinadattasUri hI jAneM ki unhoMne kyoM aisA varNana kiyA hai / parantu graMthake aMtameM dI huI unakI 'prazasti' se itanA z2arUra mAlUma hotA hai ki unhoMne yaha graMtha jAbAlI nagarAdhipati udayasiMharAjAke maMtrI devapAlake putra dhanapAlako khuza karaneke lie banAyA thA / yathAH" tanmanAtopapopAya jinAdhairdattasUribhiH / zrIvivekavilAsAkhyo graMtho'yaM nirmame'naghaH // 9 // zAyada isa maMtrIsutakI prasannatAke lie hI jinadattasUriko aisA likhanA par3A ho / anyathA unhoMne khuda dasaveM ullAsake padma naM. 31 meM dhanAdikako anitya varNana kiyA hai| (2) isa graMthake prathama ullAsameM jinapratimA aura maMdirake nirmANakA varNana karate hue likhA hai ki garbhagRhake ardhabhAgake bhittidvArA pA~ca bhAga karake pahale bhAgameM yakSAdikakI; dUsare bhAgameM sarva deviyoMkI; tIsare bhAgamaM jinaMdra, sUrya, kArtikeya aura kRSNakI; cauthe bhAgameM brahmAkI aura pA~caveM bhAgameM zivaliMgakI pratimAyeM sthApana karanI cAhie~ / yathA:"prAsAdagarbhagehA? mittitaH paMcadhA kRte|| yakSAdyAH prathame bhAge devyaH sarvAM dvitIyake // 148 // jinArkaskandakRSNAnAM pratimA syustRtIyake / brahmA tu turyabhAge syAliMgamIzasya paMcame // 149 // " yaha kathana kadApi bhagavatkuMdakuMdakA nahIM ho sakatA / na jainamatakA aisA vidhAna hai aura na pravRtti hI isake anukUla pAI jAtI hai / zvetAmbara jainiyoMke maMdiroMmeM bhI yakSAdikako chor3akara mahAdevake liMgakI

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anth-priikssaa| - sthApanA tathA kRSNAdikakI mUrtiyA~ dekhane meM nahIM AtIM / zAyada yaha kathana bhI jinaMdattasUrine maMtrisutakI prasannatAke lie, jise. prazastike sAtaveM padyameM sarve dharmoMkA AdhAra batalAyA gayA hai, likha diyA ho| : / (3) isa graMthake dUsare ullAsakA eka padya isa prakAra hai:-. ' "sAdhvathai jIvarakSAyai gurudevgRhaadissu| / .. . . . . . . mithyAkRtairapi nRNAM zapathainAstiM pAtakam // 69 // ". : . - isa padyameM likhA hai ki sAdhuke vAste, aura jIvarakSAke lie guru tathA devake maMdirAdikoMmeM jhUThI qasama (zapatha) khAnese koI pApa nahIM lgtaa| yaha kathana jainasiddhantakA bilakula viruddha hai / bhagavatkuMdakuMdakA aisA nIcA aura girA.huA upadeza nahIM ho sktaa| (4) AThaveM ullAsameM graMthakAra likhate haiM ki bahAdurIse, tapase; vidyAse yA dhanase atyaMta akulIna manuSya bhI kSaNamAtrameM kulIna ho jAtA hai / yathAH "zauryeNa vA tapobhirvA vidyayA vA, dhanena vA / , . 1.... atyantamakulIno'pi kulIno bhavati kSaNAt // 391 // mAlUma nahIM hotA ki AcArAdiko chor3akara kevala bahAdurI,vidyAyAdhanakA kuMlInatAseM kyA saMbaMdha hai aura kisa siddhAntapara yaha kathana avalambita hai| .: (5) dUsare ullAsameM tAmbUlabhakSaNakI preraNA karate hue likhA hai ki- . "yaH svAdayati tAmbUlaM vaktabhUSAkaraM nrH| tasya dAmodarasyeva na zrIstyajati maMdiram // 39 // . arthAt, jo manuSya mukhakI zobhA bar3hAnevAlA pAna cabAtA hai usake gharako lakSmI isa prakArase nahIM chor3atI jisa prakAra vaha zrIkRSNako nahIM chodd'tii| bhAvArtha, pAna cabAnevAlA kRSNajIke samAna lakSmIvAna hotA hai| . yaha kathana bhI jainamatake kisI siddhAntase sambaMdha nahIM rakhatA aura ne kiMsI digambara AcAryakA aisA upadeza ho sakatA hai| AjakalaH bahutase manuSya rAta dina pAna cabAte rahate haiM, parantu kisIkoM bhI zrIkA kai samAna lakSmIvAne hote nahIM dekhaa| 42

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kundkund-shraavkaacaar| (6) gyArahaveM ullAsameM graMthakAkAra likhate haiM ki jisa prakAra bahu-. tase varNoMkI gauoMmeM dugdha eka hI varNakA hotA hai usI prakAra sarva dharmoM meM tattvaM eka hI hai / yathA " ekavaNe yathA dugdhaM bahuvarNAsu dhenussu| tathA dharmasya vaicitryaM tattvamekaM paraM punaH // 73 // yaha kathana bhI jainasiddhAntake viruddha hai / bhagavatkuMdatkuMke graMthoMse isakA koI mela nahIM miltaa| isalie yaha kadApi unakA vacana nahIM ho sakatA / (7) pahale ullAsameM eka sthAnapara likhA hai ki jisa maMdira para dhvajA nahIM hai usa maMdirameM kiye hue pUjana, homa aura japAdika saba hI vilupta ho jAte haiM; arthAt unakA kucha bhI phala nahIM hotA / yathA: "prAsAde dhvajanimukta pUjAhomajapAdikam / sarva vilupyate yasmAttasmAtkAryoM dhvajocchrayaH // 171 // * yaha kathana bilakula yukti aura AMgamake viruddha hai| isako mAnate hue jainiyoMko apanI kamaphilAsophIko uThAkara rakha denA hogA / umA svAmizrAvakAcArameM bhI yaha padya AyA hai; ukta zrAvakAcArapara likhe gaye parakSiAlekhameM isa padmapara pahale bahuta kucha likhA jA cukA hai| isa lie aba punaH adhika likhanekI z2arUrata nahIM hai| . (8) AThaveM ullAsameM jineMdradevakA svarUpa varNana karate hue aThAraha doSoMke. nAma isa isa prakAra diye haiM: 1 vIryAntarAya, 2 bhogAntarAya, 3 upabhogAntarAya; 4 dAnAntarAMya; 5 lAbhAntarAya, 6 nidrA, 7 bhaya, 8 ajJAna, 9 jugupsA,. 10 hAsya,. 11 rati, 12 arati, 13 rAga, 14 deSa, 15 aviraMti, 16 kAma,. 17 zoka aura 18 mithyAtva / yathAH-- "vlbhogopbhogaanaamubhyonilaabhyo| . ... nAntarAMyastayAM nidrA, bhIrajJAnaM jugupsanam // 24 //

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any-priikssaa| hAso ratyaratI rAgadveSAvaviratiH smaraH / zoko mithyAtvamete'dhAdazadoSA na yasya saH // 242 // " aThAraha dopoMke the nAma zvetAmbara jainiyoM dvArA hI mAne gaye haiN| prasiddha zvetAmbara sAdhu AtmArAmajIne bhI inhIM aThAraha doSoMkA ullekha apane 'jainattvAdarza' nAmaka graMthake pRSTha 4 para kiyA hai / parantu digambara jaina sampradAyameM jo aThAraha doSa mAne jAte haiM aura jinakA bahutase digambara jainagraMthoM meM ullekha hai unake nAma isa prakAra haiM: "1 kSudhA, 2 tRSA, 3 bhaya, 4 dveSa, 5 rAga, 6 moha, 7 cintA, 8 jarA, 9 roga, 10 mRtyu, 11 sveda, 12 kheda, 13 mada, 14 rati, 15 vismaya, 16 janma, 17 nidrA, aura 18 vissaad|" digambara aura zvetAmbara donoM hI sampradAyoMkI isa aSTAdazadoSoMkI nAmAvalImeM bahuta bar3A antara haiM / sirpha nidrA, bhaya, rati, rAga aura dveSa ye pA~ca doSa hI donoMmeM eka rUpase pAye jAte haiN| bAkI saba doSoMkA kathana paraspara bhinna bhinna hai aura donoMke bhinna bhinna siddhAntoMpara abalambita hai| isase niHsandeha kahanA par3atA hai ki yaha graMtha svetAMvara sampradAyakA hI hai| digambaroMkA isase koI sambaMdha nahIM hai| aura zvetAmbara sampradAyakA bhI yaha koI siddhAnta graMtha nahIM hai, balki mAtra vivekavilAsa hai, jo ki eka maMtrIsutakI prasannatAke lie banAyA gayA thA / vivekavilAsakI saMdhiyA~ aura usake uparyullikhita do payoM (naM0 3,9) meM kucha graMthanAmAdikakA parivartana karake aise kisI vyaktine, jise itanA bhI jJAna nahIM thA ki, digambara aura zvetAmbaroM 'dvArA mAne hue aThAraha doSoMmeM kitanA bheda hai, vivekavilAsakA nAma 'kundakundazrAvakAcAra' rakkhA hai| aura isa taraha para isa nakalI zrAvakAcArake dvArA sAkSI Adi apane kisI vizeSa prayojanakI siddha karanekI ceSTA kI hai| astu / isameM koI sandeha nahIM hai ki jisa

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kundkund-shraavkaacaar| vyaktine yaha parivartanakArya kiyA hai yaha bar3A hI dhUrta aura digambara janasamAjakA zaphA thA / parivartanakA yaha kArya kaba aura kahA~para huA hai isakA mujhe abhI taka ThIka nizcaya nahIM huA / parantu jahA~taka maiM samajhatA hU~ isa parivartanako kucha jyAdA samaya nahIM huA hai aura isakA vidhAtA jayapura nagara hai| antama jaina vidvAnAMna merA savinaya nivedana hai ki yadi unamese phisIke pAsa koI aisA pramANa maujUda ho, jisase yaha graMtha bhagavatkuMdakuMdrakA banAyA huA siddha ho sake to ve khuzIse bahuta zIghra use prakAzita kara dekheM / anyathA unakA yaha karttavya honA cAhie ki jisa bhaMTArameM yA graMtha maujUda ho, usa graMthapara likha diyA jAya ki 'yaha graMtha bhagavat phudakuMdasvAmIkA banAyA huA nahIM hai| balki vAstavamaM yaha zvetAmbara jainiyoMkA 'vivekavilAsa' graMtha hai| kisI dhUrtane graMthakI saMdhiyoM aura tIsare va nauveM padyama graMtha nAmAdikakA parivartana karake isakA nAma ' kundakundazrAvakAcAra' rakha diyA hai sAtha hI unheM apane bhaMDAroMke dUsare graMthoMko bhI jA~canA cAhie aura jAMca ke lie dUsare vidvAnoMko denA caahie| kevala ve hastalikhita bhaMDAroMmeM gaz2ada hai aura unake sAtha digambarAcAryokA nAma lagA huA hai, itaneparase hI unheM digambara-kapi-praNIta na samajha leN| unheM khUba samajha lenA cAhie ki jaina samAjameM eka aisA yuga bhI A cukA hai jisameM kapAyavaza prAcIna AcAyoMkI kIrtiko kalaMkita karanekA prayatna kiyA gayA hai aura aba usa kIrtiko surakSita rakhanA hamArA khAsa kAma hai / ityalaM vijJeSu / devavaMdra ji0 sahAranapura / tA0 17-2-14 / 45

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jinasena-trivarNAcAra / isa trivarNAcArakA dUsarA nAma 'upAsakAdhyayanasAroddhAra bhI hai; aisA isa graMthakI pratyeka saMdhise pragaTa hotA hai| yaha graMtha kisa samaya banA hai aura kisane banAyA hai, isakA pRthakarUpase koI spaSTolesa isa graMthama kisI sthAna para nahIM kiyA gayA hai| koI ' prazasti' bhI isa graMthake sAtha lagI huI nahIM hai| graMyakI saMdhiyoMmeM graMthakartAkA nAma kahIM para 'zrIjinasenAcArya' kahIM 'zrIbhagavAjjanasenAcArya' kahIM zrIjinasenAcArya nAmAMkita vidvajjana' aura kahIM ' zrIbhaTTArakavarya jinasena' diyA hai| ina saMdhiyomase pahalI saMdhi isa prakAra hai:__" ityA zrImadbhagavanmukhAraviMdAdvinirgate zrIgautamArSapadapajhArAdhakena zrIjinasenAcAryeNa viracitetrivarNAcAre upAsakAdhyayanasAroddhAre zrIzreNikamahAmaMDalezvarapraznakathanazrImavRSabhadevasya paMcakalyANakavarNanadvijotpattibharatarAjadRSTaSoDazasvapnaphalavarNanaM nAma prathamaH prvH| . saMdhiyoMko chor3akara kisI kisI parvake antima poMmeM graMthaka kA nAma 'muni jainasena ' yA 'bhaTTAraka jainasena' bhI likhA hai| parantu isa kore nAmanirdezase isa vAtakA nizcaya nahIM ho sakatA ki yaha graMtha kaunase 'jinatena' kA banAyA huA hai| kyoMki jaina samAjameM 'jinasena' nAmake dhAraka aneka AcArya aura graMthakartA ho gaye haiM / jaisA ki AdiparANa aura pArvAbhyudaya Adi graMthoMke praNetA bhagavajinasena; harivaMza purANake racayitA dUsare jinasena; harivaMpurANakI 'prazista' meM jinakA z2ikara hai ve tIsare jinasena 46.

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jinsen-trivrnnaacaar| zrImalliSeNAcAryapraNIta mahApurANakI 'prazasti ' meM jinakA ullekha hai ve cauthe jinasena aura jainasiddhAntabhAskara dvArA prakAzita senagaNakI paTTAvalImeM jinakA nAma hai ve somasena bhaTTArakake paTTAdhIza pA~caveM z2inasena, ityAdi / aisI avasthAmeM vinA kisI vizeSa anusaMdhAnake kisIko ekadama yaha kahanekA sAhasa nahIM ho sakatA ki yaha trivarNAcAra amuka z2inasenakA banAyA huA hai| yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki jinasena ke nAmase kisI dUsare hI vyaktine isa graMthakA saMpAdana kiyA ho / isa lie anusaMdhAnakI bahuta bar3I z2arUrata hai / graMthameM graMthakartAke nAmake sAtha kahIM kahIM 'bhaTTAraka' zabdakA saMyoga pAyA jAtA hai; para yaha saMyoga isa anusaMdhAnameM kucha bhI sahAyatA nahIM detaa| kyoMki 'bhaTTAraka' zabda yadyApi. kucha kAlase zithilAcArI aura parigrahadhArIsAdhuoM-zramaNAbhAsoM ke lie vyavahRta hone lagA hai, parantu vAstavameM yaha eka bar3A hI gauravAnvita pada hai| zAstroMmeM bar3e bar3e prAcIna AcAryoM aura tIrthaMkaroM taka ke lie isakA prayoga pAyA jAtA hai / AdipurANameM bhagavajjinasenane bhI 'zrIvIrasenaityAtta bhaTTArakapRthuprathaH' isa padake dvArA apane guru 'vIrasena' ko 'bhaTTAraka' padavIse vibhUSita varNana kiyA hai| bahutase logoMkA aisA khayAla hai ki yaha trivarNAcAra Adi purANake praNetA zrIji nasenAcAryakA,-jinheM isa lekhameM Age barAbara ' bhagavajinasena' liMkhA jAyagA, banAyA huA hai / parantu yaha kevala unakA qhayAla hI khayAla hai| unake pAsa usake samarthanameM graMthakI saMdhiyoMmeM diye hue ' ityA' aura 'bhagavajinasena,' ina zabdoMko chor3akara aura koI bhI pramANa maujUda nahIM hai / aise nAmamAtrake pramANoMse kucha bhI siddha nahIM ho sakatA / bhagavajinasena ke pIche honevAle kisI mAnanIya prAcIna AcAryakI kRtimeM bhI isa graMthakA kahIM nAmollekha nahIM miltaa| isalie graMthaka sAhityakI jA~cako chor3akara koI bhI upayukta sAdhana 45

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granya-pakSiA / isa vAtake nirNayakA nahIM hai ki yaha graMtha vAstabameM kavaM banA hai aura kisane banAyA hai| jisa samaya isa graMthako parIkSAdRSTi se avalokana kiyA jAtA hai, usa samaya isameM kucha aura hI raMga aura gula khilA huA mAlUma hotA hai| sthAna sthAna para aise paMdhoM yA padyoMke Dherake Dhera naz2ara par3ate haiM, jo bilakula jyoMke tyoM dUsare granthoMse uThAkara hI nahIM kintu curAkara rakkhe gaye haiN| granthakartAne unheM apane hI bhagaTa kiye haiN| aura to kyA, maMgalAcaraNa taka bhI isa graMthakA apanA nahIM hai| vaha bhI puruSArthasiddhayupAya graMthase uThAkara raktA gayA hai / yathAH.. "tajayati paraM jyotiH samaM smstairnntpryaayaiH| . 'darpaNatala iva sakalA pratiphalati padArthamAlikA yatra // 1 // paramAgamasya jIvaM niSiddhajAtyandhasindhuravidhAnam / sakalanayavilatitAnAM virodhamathanaM namAmyanekAntam // 2 // isIse pAThakagaNa samajha sakate haiM ki yaha graMtha bhagavajinasenakA banAyA huA ho sakatA hai yA ki nhiiN| jainasamAjameM bhagavAjinasena eka pratiSThita vidvAna AcArya mAne jAte haiN| unakI anupama kAvyazaktikI bahutase vidvAnoM, AcAryoM aura kaviyoMne mukta kaMThase stuti kI hai / jina vidvAnoMko unake banAye hue saMskRta AdipurANa aura pArvAbhyudaya Adi kAvya graMthoM par3hanekA saubhAgya prApta huA hai, ve acchI taraha jAnate haiM ki bhagavanjinasena jitane bar3e pratibhAzAlI vidvAn hue haiM / kavitA karanA to unake lie eka prakArakA tela thaa| taba kyA aise kaviziromaNi maMgalAcaraNa taka bhI apanA / banAyA huA na rakhate ! yaha kabhI ho nahIM sakatA / trivarNAcArake sampAdakane isa puruSArthasiddhayupAyase kevala maMgalAcaraNake do padya hI.. nahIM liye, balki.. ina payoMke anantarakA tIsarA padya bhI..liyA hai

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jinsen-trivrnnaacaar| - jisameM graMthakA nAma dete hue paramAgamake anusAra kathana karanekI pratijJA kI gaI hai / yathA:'. "lokatrayaikanetraM nirUpya paramAgarma prayatnena / - asmAbhirupodhiyate viduSAM puruSArthasiddhayupAyo'yam // 3 // ___ isa padyase sAfa taurapara corI pragaTa ho jAtI hai aura isameM koI saMdeha bAkI nahIM rahatA, ki ye tInoM paya puruSArthasiddhayupAya graMthase uThAkara rakkhe gaye haiN| kyoMki isa tIsare padyameM spaSTarUpase graMthakA nAma 'puruSArthasiddhayupAya ' diyA hai / yadyapi isa payako uThAkara rakhanese graMthakartAkI yogyatAkA kucha paricaya z2arUra milatA hai / parantu, vAstavameM, isa trivarNAcArakA sampAdana karanevAle kaise yogya vyakti the, isakA vizeSa paricaya, pAThakoMko isa lekhameM, Age calakara milegA / yahA~ para, isa samaya, kucha aise pramANa pAThakoMke sanmukha upasthita kiye jAte haiM, jinase yaha bhale prakAra spaSTa ho jAya ki yaha graMtha (trivarNAcAra) bhagavajinasenakA banAyA huA nahIM hai aura na harivaMzapurANake kartA dUsare jinasena yA tIsare aura cauthe jinasenakA hI banAyA huA ho sakatA hai: (1) isa graMthake dUsare parvameM dhyAnakA varNana karate hue yaha pratijJA kI hai ki, maiM 'jJAnArNava' graMthake anusAra dhyAnako kathana karatA huuN| yathAH "dhyAnaM tAvadahaM vadAmi viduSAM jJAnArNave yanmatam (2-3) jJAnArNava graMtha, jisameM dhyAnAdikA vistArake sAtha kathana hai, zrI zubhacaMdrAcAryakA banAyA huA hai / zubhacaMdrAcAryakA samaya vikramakI 11 vI zatAbdIke lagabhaga mAnA jAtA hai aura unhoMne apane isa aMthameM 'jinasena' kA smaraNa bhI kiyA hai / isase svayaM graMthamukhase hI pragaTa hai ki yaha trivarNAcAra jJAnArNavake pIche banA hai aura esalie bhagava

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grnth-priikssaa|" ".. jinasenako banAyA huA nahIM. ho sktaa| aura na harivaMzapurANake kartA dUsare jinasena yA tIsare jinasenakA hI banAyA huA ho sakatA hai| kyoMki harivaMzapurANake kartA zrIjinasenAcArya bhagavajinasenake prAyaH samakAlIna hI the| unhoMne harivaMzapurANako zaka saMvat 705 (vi0 saM0-840) meM banAkara samApta kiyA hai / jaba harivaMzapurANase bahuta pIche bananeke kAraNa yaha graMtha harivaMzapurANake kartAkA banAyA huA nahIM ho sakatA, taba yaha svataH siddha hai ki harivaMzapurANakI prazastimeM harivaMzapurANake kartAse pahale honevAle, jina tIsare jinasenakA ullekha hai unakA bhI banAyA huA yaha nahIM ho sktaa| (2) granthake cauthe parvameM eka padya isa prakAra diyA hai: prApadaivaM tava nutipdaijiivkenopdissttH| . pApAcArI maraNasamaye sArameyo'pi saukhyam // kA saMdeho yadupalabhate vAsavazrIprabhutvam / jalpaM jApyairmaNibhiramalaistvannamaskAracakram // 127 // " * yaha parva zrIvAdirAjasUriviracita 'ekIbhAva' stotrakA hai / vahIMse uThAkara rakkhA gayA hai / vAdirAjasUri vikramakI 11 vIM zatabdImeM, hue haiN| unhoMne zaka saMvat 947 (vi. saM. 1082 ) meM 'pArzvanAthacaritakI racanA kI hai| isa lie yaha trivarNAcAra unase pIchekA banA huA hai aura kadApi do zatAbdI pahale honevAle bhagavajinasenAdikA banAyA huA nahIM ho sktaa| (3) isa graMthameM aneka sthAnoM para gommaTasArakI gAthAyeM bhI pAI jAtI haiM / 14 ve parvameM AI huI gAthAoMmeM se eka gAthA isa prakAra hai: " eyaMta buddhadarasI vivarIo baMbhatAvaso vinno| .. iMdaviya saMsayido makkaDio ceva aNNANI // 12 // .

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jinsen-trivrnnaacaar| - - yaha gAthA gommaTasArameM nambara 16 para darja hai| gommaTasAra graMtha zrInemicaMdrasiddhAntacakravartIkA banAyA huA hai; jo ki mahArAjA cAmuMDarAyake samayameM vikramakI 11 vIM zatAbdImeM hue haiN| isase bhI yA vivarNacAra bhagavajinasenAdise bahuta pIchekA banA huA siddha hotA hai| (4) isa graMthake cautha parvameM, eka sthAnapara granyAMko aura dUsare sthAnapara RpiyoMko tarpaNa kiyA hai / graMthoMke tarpaNameM AdipurANa, unApugaNa, harivaMzapurANa, aura gommaTasArako bhI alaga alaga tarpaNa kiyA hai| piyoMke tarpaNameM prathama to lohAcAryake pazcAt 'jinasena' ko tarpaNa kiyA hai (jinasanamtRpyatA); phira vIrasenake pazcAt *minasena' kA tarpaNa kiyA hai aura phira nemicandra tathA guNabhadrAcAryakA bhI tarpaNa kiyA hai / 10 va parvameM jinasena munikI stuti bhI lisI meM aura cauthe parvake eka zlokameM jinasenakA havAlA diyA hai| yathAH. "saphalavastuvikAzadivAkaraM bhuvibhavArNavatAraNanausamaM / suranarapramukhairupasevitaM mujinasenamuniM praNamAmyaham // 10-2 // yAcikastveka eva syAdupAMzuH zata ucyte| sahanamAnasaH prokto jinasenAdasaribhiH // 4-133 // isa saba kathanase bhI yahI pragaTa hotA hai ki yaha graMtha bhagavajjinasena yA harivaMzapurANake kartA jinasenakA banAyA huA nahIM hai / bhagavajinasenake samayameM AdipurANa adhUrA thA, uttarapurANakA bananA prAraMbha bhI nahIM huA thA aura gommaTasAra tathA usake racayitA zrInemicaMdrakA Astitva hI na thaa| (5) isa graMthameM aneka sthAnoM para ekasaMdhi bhaTTArakakRta 'jinasaMhitA' se saikar3oM zloka uThAkara jyoMke tyoM rakkhe hue haiM / eka sthA 51.

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grnth-priikssaa| .. - na para (pA~caveM parvameM ) ekasaMdhi bhaTTArakakI banAI huI saMhitAke anusAra homakuMDoMkA lakSaNa varNana karanekI pratijJA bhI kI hai aura sAtha hI tadviSayaka kucha. zloka bhI uddhRta kiye haiM / vaha pratijJAvAkya. aura saMhitAke do zloka namUneke taura para isa prakAra haiM:- . lakSaNaM homakuMDAnAM vakSye zAstrAnusArataH / bhaTTArakaikasaMdhezca dRSTA nirmalasaMhitAm // 103 // trikoNaM dakSiNe kuMDaM kuryaadvrtulmuttre| tatrAdimekhalAyAzcApyavaseyAzca pUrvavat // (5-110) atha rAjana pravakSyAmi zRNu bho jAtinirNayam / yasminneva parijJAnaM syAt traivarNikazUdrayoH // (11-2.)" antake donoM zloka 'jinasaMhitAmeM kramazaH nambara 210 aura 43 para darja haiN| ekasaMdhibhaTTAraka bhagavajinasenase bahuta pIche hue haiN| unakA samaya vikramakI 13 vIM zatAbdIke lagabhaga - pAyA jAtA hai| unhoMne khuda apanI saMhitAmeM bahutase zloka AdipurANase uThAkara rakkhe haiM, jinameMse. do zloka namUnake taura para isa prakAra haiM:. "vAMchantyo jIvikAM deva tvAM vayaM zaraNaM shritaaH| .. tannastrAyasva lokeza tadupAyapradarzanAt // 47 // zrutveti.tadvaco dInaM krunnaapreritaashyH| manaH praNidhAvevaM bhagavAnAdipUruSaH // 48 // ye donoM zloka AdipurANake 16 veM parvake haiM / isa parvameM. inakA nambara kramazaH 136 aura 142 hai / isase bhI pragaTa hai ki yaha graMtha bhagavajinasenakA banAyA huA nahIM hai| . . . (6) zrIsomadevasUriviracita 'yazastilaka, zrIhemacaMdrAcAryapraNIta 'yogazAstra' aura zrI jinadattasUrikRta : vivekavilAsa' ke padya. bhI isa graMthameM pAye jAte haiM, jinakA eka eka namUnA isa prakAra hai: 52'

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jinsen-trivrnnaacaar| ka-zraddhA tuSTirbhaktirvijJAnamalubdhatA kSamA shktiH| yatraite sapta guNAstaM dAtAraM prazaMsanti // 14-119 // yaha zloka yazastilakake AThaveM AzvAsakA hai| kha-ahno mukhevasAne ca yo dve dve ghaTike tyajan / nizAbhojanadoSajJo'bhAtyasau puNyabhAjanam // 14-87 // yaha yogazAstrake tIsare prakAzakA 63 vA~ padya hai| ga-zAzvatAnaMdarUpAya tamastomaikabhAsvate / ___ sarvajJAya namastamai kasmaicitparamAtmane // 9-1 // yaha zloka vivekavilAsakA Adima maMgalAcaraNa hai| zrIsomadevasUri vikramakI 11 vIM zatAmeM hue haiN| unhoMne vikrama saMvat 1016 ( zaka saMvat 881 ) meM yazastilakako banAkara samApta kiyA hai / zvetAmbarAcArya zrIhemacaMdrajI rAjA kumArapAlake samayameM arthAt vikramakI 13 vIM zatAbdImeM (saM0 1229 taka) vidyamAna the Ara zvetAmbara sAdhu zrIjinadattasUri bhI vikramI 13 vIM zatAbdI meM hue haiN| ina AcAyoMke uparyukta graMthoMse jaba padya liye gaye haiM, taba sAfa prakaTa hai ki yaha vivarNAcAra unase bhI pIche banA hai aura isa lie zrImaliMpaNAcAryakRta 'mahApurANa' kI prazastimeM ullikhita mallipeNaka pitA cothe zrIjinasenasUrikA banAyA huA bhI yaha graMtha nahIM ho sktaa| kyoMki mallipaNane zaka saMvat 969 (vi. saM. 1104) meM 'mahApurANako' banAkara samApta kiyA hai| (7) isa graMthake cauthe parvameM, eka sthAna para 'siddhabhaktividhAna' kA varNana karate hue, dasa payomeM siddhoMkI stuti dI hai / isa stutikA pahalA aura antakA padya isa prakAra hai: "yasyAnugrahato durAgrahaparityaktAdirUpAtmanaH, saTravyaM cidacitrikAlaviSayaM svaiH svairabhIkSNaM guNaiH //

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grnth-priikssaa| sArtha vyaMjanaparyayaiH samabhavajAnAti bodhaHsvayaM, tatsamyaktvamazeSakarmabhiduraM siddhAH paraM naumi vaH // 1 // utkIrNAmiva vartitAmiva hRdi nyastAmivAlokaya netA siddhaguNastuti paThati yaH shaashvcchivaashaadhrH| * rUpAtItasamAdhisAdhitavapuH pAtaH pataduSkRta vrAtaH so'bhyudayopabhuktasukRtaH siddhettRtIye bhave // 10 // yaha stuti paMDita AzAdharakRta 'nityamahodyota' graMthase, jise 'bRhacchAMtikAbhiSeka vidhAna' bhI kahate haiM, jyoMkI tyoM uThAkara rakhI huI hai / isake dasaveM padyameM AzAdharajIne yuktike sAtha apanA nAma bhI diyA hai| sAgAradharmAmRtAdi aura bhI aneka graMthoMmeM unhoMne isa prakAra kI yuktise ('zivAzAdharaH' yA 'budhAzAdharaH' likhakara) apanA nAma diyA hai| nitya mahodyota graMthase aura bhI bahutasA gadya padya uThAkara rakkhA huA hai| isake sivAya unake banAye hue 'sAgAradharmAmRta' se bhI pacAsoM zloka uThAkara rakkhe gaye haiN| unameMse do zloka namUneke taura para isa prakAra haiM: " naratve'pi pazuyante mithyaatvgrstcetsH| pazutve'pi narAyante samyaktvavyaktacetanAH // 14-9 // kudharmastho'pi saddharma laghukarmatayA'dviSan / bhadraH sa dezyo dravyatvAnnAbhadrastadviparyayAt // 14-11 // ye donoM zloka sAgAradharmAmRtake pahale adhyAyameM kramazaH nambara 4 aura 9 para darja haiM / AzAdhara vikramakI 13 vIM zatAbdImeM hue haiN| unhoMne anagAradharmAmRtakI TIkA vi0 sa0 1300 ke kArtika mAsameM banAkara pUrNa kI hai / aisA ukta TIkAke antameM unhIMke vacanoMse prakaTa hai / paMDita AzAdharajIke vacanoMkA isa graMthameM saMgraha honese sAfa jAhira hai ki yaha trivarNAcAra 13. vIM zatAbdIke pIche banA hai aura

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jinasena-trivarNAcAra / isa lie zatAbdiyoM pahale honevAle bhagavajinasenAdikA banAyA huA nahIM ho sktaa| (8) anyamatake jyotipa graMthoM meM 'muddhartacintAmaNi' nAmakA eka prasiddha graMtha hai| yaha graMtha nIlakaMThake anuja (choTebhAI) rAmadevajJane zaka saMvat 1522 (vikrama saM0 1657 ) meM nirmANa kiyA hai * / isa graMtha para saMskRtakI do TIkAyeM haiN| pahalI TIkAkA nAma 'pramitAkSarA' hai jisako svayaM anyakartAne banAyA hai aura dUsarI TIkA 'pIyUpadhArA' nAmakI hai; jisako nIlakaMTake putra goviMda devajJane zaka saMvat 1525 (vi. saM. 1660) meM banAkara samApta kiyA hai / isa muhUrtacintAmANake saMskAra prakaraNase bIsiyoM zloka aura una zlokoMkI TIkAoMse bahutasA gadyabhAga aura pacAsoM paya jyoMke tyoM uThAkara isa trivarNAcArake 12veM aura 13veM parvameM base hue haiN| mUla graMtha aura usakI TIkAse uThAkara rakse hue poMkA tathA gadyakA kucha namUnA isa prakAra hai: "vimANAM vratavandhanaM nigaditaM garbhAjane'STame / varSe vApyatha paMcame kSitibhujAM paThe tathaikAdaze // vaizyAnAM punaraTamepyatha punaH syAhAdaze vtsre| kAle'tha dviguNe gate nigaditaM gauNaM tadAhurbudhAH // 13-8 // * yayA:-" tadAtmaja udaardhiivibudhniilkNtthaanujo| gaNezapadapaMkajaM hadi nidhAya rAmAbhidhaH / / girIzanagare re bhujabhuneSu caMdramite ( 1522) / zake viniramAdima salu muhUrtacintAmaNim // 14-3 // " xjaisA phi TIkAke antame diye hue isa pabase pragaTa hai: "zAke taccatithImite ( 1525) yugaguNAndo nIlakaMThAtmabhUdugdhAdhi nisilArthayukamamalaM mohatacintAmaNim / kAzyA pAkyavicAramaMdaranagenAmadhya lekhapriyAm / govindo vidhividvaro'tivimalA pAyUpadhArI vyadhAt // 6-5 // - - -

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grnth-priikssaa| - kavijya caMdralagnapA ripo mRtau vrte'dhmaaH| vyayenjabhArgavau tathA tano mRtau sute salAH // 13-19 // "garbhASTameSu brAhmaNamupanayedgarbhakAdazeSu rAjanyaM garbhadvAdazeSu vaizyamiti bahutyAnyathAnupapatyAgarbhapaSTagarbhasaptamagarmASTameSu sauravaSviti vRttikRvyAkhyAnAttrayANAmapi nitykaaltaa|" Uparake donoM padya muhUrtacintAmANike pA~cave prakaraNameM kamazaH nambara 39 aura 41 para darja haiM aura gadyabhAga pahale padyakI. TIkAra liyA gayA hai / muhartacintAmaNi aura usakI TIkAAMse isa prakAra gadyapadyako uThAkara rakhane meM jo cAlAkI kI gaI hai aura jisa prakArase andhakArake z2amAnemeM, logoMkI A~khoMmeM dhUla DhAlI gaI hai, pAThakoMko usakA digdarzana Age calakara karAyA jAyagA / yahA~para sirpha itanA batalA denA kAphI hai ki jaba isa trivarNAcArameM muhartacintAmANike padya aura usakI TIkAoMkA gadya bhI pAyA jAtA hai, taba isameM koI bhI saMdeha bAkI nahIM rahatA ki yaha grantha vikrama saMvat 1660 se bhI pIchekA banA huA hai| (9) vAstavameM, yaha graMtha somasenatrivarNAcAra (dharmarasikazAsa ) se bhI pIchekA banA huA hai| somasena trivarNAcAra' bhaTTAraka somasenakA banAyA huA hai * / aura vikramasaMvat 1665 ke kArtika mAsameM bana kara pUrA huA hai; jaisA ki usake nimnalikhita. padyase pragaTa hai : "abde tattvarasartucaMdra (1665) kAlate shriivikrmaadityje| mAle kArtikanAmanIha dhavale pakSe zaratsaMbhave // bAre bhAsvati siddhanAmani tathA yoge supuurnnaatithau| nakSatrezvaninAni dharmarasiko grnthshcpuurnniikRtH||13-216 // * isa somasenatrivarNAcArakI parIkSA bhI eka svataMtra lekha dvArA kI jaaygii| , -sk| - - -

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jinsen-trivrnnaacaar| . jinasena-trivarNAcArameM 'somasenatrivarNAcAra' prAyaH jyoMkA tyoM uThAkara rakkhA huA hai / ' kaI parva isa graMthameM aise haiM jinameM somasena nivarNAcArake adhyAya maMgalAcaraNasahita jyoMke tyoM nakala kiye gaye haiN| 'somasenatrivarNAcArakI zlokasaMkhyA, usI graMthameM, antima padyadvArA, do haz2Ara sAtasau ( 2700)zloka pramANa varNana kI hai 'isa saMkhyAmeMse sirpha 72 padya chor3e gaye haiM aura bIsa bAIsa padyoMmeM kucha thor3AsA nAmAdikakA parivartana kiyA gayA hai, zeSa kula pana jinasenatrivarNAcAramaM jyoMke tyoM, jahA~ jaba jImeM AyA, nakala kara diye haiN| somasenatrivarNAcArameM, pratyeka adhyAyake antameM, somasena bhaTTArakane padyameM apanA nAma diyA haiM ' ina poMko jinasenatrivarNAcArake kartAne kucha kucha badala kara rakkhA hai 'jaisA ki nIceke udAharaNoMse pragaTa . hotA hai:(1)"dhanyaH sa eva puruSaH samatAyuto yaH / prAtaH prapazyati jineMdramukhAravindam // pUjAsu dAnatapasi spRhaNIyacittaH / sevyaH sadassu nRsurairmunisomanaiH // (somasena tri0 a0 1 zlo0 116) jinasenatrivarNAcArake dusare parvameM yahI padya nambara 92 para diyA hai, sirpha 'munisomasenaH' ke sthAnameM 'munijainasenaiH' badalA huA haiN| (2) zaucAcAravidhiH zucitvajanakaH prokto vidhAnAgame puMsAM sadratadhAriNAM guNavatAM yogyo yuge'sminkalau // zrIbhaTTArakasomasenamunibhiH stoko'pi vistArataH yaH kSatriyavezyavipramukhakRt sarvatra zUdro'priyaH // . (soma0 tri. a0 2 zlo0 115)

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grnth-priikssaa| - jinasenatrivarNAcArameM yahI padya tIsare parvake antameM diyA hai| kevala 'somasena' ke sthAnameM usIke vajanakA 'jainasena' banAyA gayA hai / ' isI prakAra nAmasUcaka sabhI padyoMmeM 'somasena' kI jagaha 'jainasena' kA parivartana kiyA gayA hai| kisI bhI padyameM 'jinasena' aisA nAma nahIM diyA hai| jinasenatrivarNAcArameM kula 18 parva haiM aura somasenatrivarNAcArake adhyAyoMkI saMkhyA 13 hai / pAThakoMko yaha jAnakara Azcarya hogA ki jinasenatrivarNAcArake ina 18 pauMmese jina 13 paryoM meM somasenatrivarNAcArake 13 adhyAyoMkI prAya: nakala kI gaI hai, unhIM 13 poMke antameM aise padya pAye jAte haiM jinameM graMthakartAkA nAma 'sAMmasena' ke sthAnameM 'jainasena' diyA hai; anyathA zeSa pAMca pAmeM-z2o somasena trivarNAcArase adhika haiM-kahIM bhI graMthaka-.. kA nAma nahIM hai| somasena bhaTTArakane, apane trivarNAcArameM, aneka sthAnoM para yaha 'pragaTa kiyA hai ki merA yaha kathana zrIbrahmasUrike vacanAnusAra hai-unhIMkeM graMthoMko dekhakara yaha likhA gayA hai / jaisA ki nimnalikhita padyoMse pragaTa hotA hai: " zrIbrahmasUridvijavaMzaratnaM zrIjainamArgapravibuddhatattvaH / vAMcaM tu tasyaiva vilokya zAstraM kRtaM vishessaanmunisomsenaiH|| (soma0 tri0 3-149) "karma pratItijananaM gRhiNAM yaduktaM,zrIbrahmasUrivaraviprakavIzvareNa: samyak tadeva vidhivatpavilokya sUktaM, zrIsomasenamunibhiH zubhamaMtrapUrvam // " (so0 tri0 a0 5 zloka0 antima) vivAhayuktiH kathitA samastA saMkSepataH zrAvakadharmamArgAt / zrIbrahmasUrimathitaM purANamAlokya bhaTTArakasomasenaiH // . ( soma0 tri0 11-204)

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jinasena-trivarNAcAra / vAstavameM somasenatrivarNAcArameM brahmasUritrivarNAcAra' se bahuta kucha liyA gayA hai aura jo kucha uThAkara yA parivartita karake rakkhA gayA hai, vaha saba jinasenatrivarNAcArameM bhI usI kramase maujUda hai| balki' isa trivarNAcArameM kahIM kahIM para sIdhA brahmasUritrivarNAcArase bhI kucha majamUna uThAkara rakkhA gayA hai, jo sAmasena trivarNAcArameM nahIM thA; jaisA ki chaThe parvameM 'yaMtralekhanavidhi' ityAdi / parantu yaha saba kucha hote hue bhI jinasenatrivarNAcArameM uparyukta tInoM padyoMko isa prakArase badala kara rakkhA hai: " zrIgautamapidvijavaMzaratnaM zrIjainamArgapravibuddhatattvaH / vAcaM tu tasyaiva vilokya zAstraM kRtaM vizeSAnmunijainasenaiH // (parva 4 zlo0 antima) karma pratItijananaM gRhiNAM yaduktaM shriigautmpiNgnnviprkviishvrenn| samyak tadeva vidhivatmavilokya sUktaM zrIjainasenamunibhiH zubha maMtra pUrvam / (parva 7 zlo0 antima) vivAhayuktiH kathitA samastA saMkSepataH zrAvakadharmamArgAt / zrIgautamarpiprathitaM purANamAlokya bhttttaarkjainsenaiH||" (parva 15 zlo. Antima) ina tInoM padyoMmeM somasenake sthAnameM 'jainasena'kA parivartana to vahI hai, jisakA z2ikara pahale AcukA hai| isake sivAya 'zrIbrahmasUri ke sthAnameM 'gautamarSi ' aisA vizeSa parivartana kiyA gayA hai| yaha vizeSa parivartana kyoM kiyA gayA aura kyoM 'brahmasUri ' kA nAma ur3AyA gayA hai, isake vicArakA isa samaya avasara nahIM hai| parantu graMthakartAne isa parivartanase itanA z2arUra sUcita kiyA hai ki maiMne zrIgautamasvAmIke 1 avasara milane para; isa brahmasUri trivarNAcArakI parIkSA bhI eka svataMtra + lekhadvArA kI jaaygii| -lekhaka / - -

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grantha-parIkSA-1.. kisI graMtha yA purANako dekhakara isa trivarNAcArake ye tInoM parva likhe haiN| zrIgautamasvAmIkA banAyA huA koI bhI graMtha jainiyoMmeM prasiddha nahIM hai / zrIbhUtabali Adi AcAryoM ke samayameM bhI,-jisa vakta graMthoMke likhe jAnekA prAraMbha honA kahA jAtA hai-gautama svAmIna banAyA huA koI graMtha maujUda na thA aura na kisI prAcIna AcAryake graMthameM unake banAye. hue graMthoMkI koI sUcI milatI hai / hA~, itanA kathana jarUra pAyA jAtA hai ki unhoMne dvAdazAMgasUtroMkI racanA kI thI / parantu ve sUtra bhI lagabhaga do haz2Ara varSakA samaya huA taba lupta hue kahe jAte haiN| phira nahIM mAlUma jinasena trivarNAcArake kartAkA gautamasvAmIke banAye hue kaunase gupta graMthase sAkSAtkAra huA thA, jisake AdhAra para unhoMne yaha trivarNAcAra yA isakA 4 thA, 7 vA~ aura 15 vA~ parva likhA hai| ina parvoko to dekhanese aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki inameM AdipurANa, padmapurANa, ekIbhAvastotra, tattvArthasUtra, padmanaMdipaMcaviMzatikA, nityamahAyota, jinasaMhitA aura brahmasUritrivarNAcArAdika tathA anyamatake bahutase graMthoMke gadyapadyakI eka vicitra khicar3I pakAI gaI hai / astu, parivartanAdikakI ina saba bAtoMse sApha jAhira hai ki yaha graMtha somasenatrivarNAcArase . arthAt vikramasaMvat 1665 se bhI pIchekA banA huA hai / - vAstavameM, aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki graMthakartAne somasenatrivarNAcArako lekara aura usameM bahutasA majamUna idhara udharase. milAkara usakA nAma 'jinasenatrivarNAcAra' rakha diyA hai / anyathA, jinasena trivarNAcArake kartA mahAzayameM eka bhI svataMtra zloka banAnekI yogya-. . tAkA anumAna nahIM hotaa| yadi unameM itanI yogyatA hotI, to kyA ve pA~ca parvomeMse eka bhI parvake antameM apane nAmakA koI padya na dete. aura maMgalAcaraNa bhI dUsare hI graMthase uThAkara rakhate ? kadApi nhiiN| unheM sirpha dUsaroMke payoMmeM kucha nAmAdikA parivartana karanA hI AtA. .

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jinsen-trivrnnaacaar| thA aura vaha bhI yadA tdaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki ve 13 poMke antima kAvyoMmeM ' somasena ' ke sthAnameM 'jainasena' hI badalakara rakha sake haiN| 'jinasena'kA badala unase kahIM bhI na ho skaa| yahA~ para jinasenatrivarNAcArake kattI yogyatAkA kucha aura bhI digdarzana karAyA jAtA hai, jisase pAThakoM para unakI sArI kalaI khula jAyagI: (ka) jinasena trivarNAcArake prathama parvameM 451 padya haiN| jinameMse Adike pA~ca padyoMko choDakara zeSa kula padya (446 zloka) bhagavajjinasenapraNIta AdipurANase lekara rakkhe gaye haiN| ye 446 zloka kisI eka parvase silasilevAra nahIM liye gaye haiM, kintu aneka pAse kucha kucha zloka liye gaye haiN| yadi jinasenatrivarNAcArake kartAmeM kucha yogyatA hotI, to ve ina zlokoMko apane graMthameM isa DhaMgase rakhate ki jisase majamUnakA silasilA ( krama ) aura saMbaMdha ThIka ThIka baiTha jAtA / parantu unase aisA nahIM ho sakA / isase sApha jAhira hai ki ve uThAkara rakkhe hue ina zlokoMke arthako bhI acchI taraha na samajhate the / udAharaNake taura para kucha zloka nIce uddhRna kiye jAte haiM: tato yugAnte bhagavAnvIraH sidhdArthanandanaH / vipulAdrimalaM kurvannakadAstAkhilAha // 6 // athopasRtya tatranaM pazcimaM tIrthanAyakam / papracchAmu purANArtha zreNiko vinayAnataH // 7 // taM pratyanugrahaM bharturavabudhya gaNAdhipaH / purANasaMgrahaM kRtlamanyavocatsa gautamaH // 8 // atrAntatare purANArthakovidaM vadatAM varam / papracchurmunayo namrA gautamaM gaNanAyakam // 9 // bhagavanbhArate varSe bhogabhUmisthiticyutau / karmabhUmivyavasthAyAM prastAvAM yathAyatham // 10 // ..

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grnth-priikssaa| . . . . . tadA kuladhArotpattistvayA prAgeva vrnnitaa| . .nAbhirAjazca tatrAntyo vizvakSatragaNAgraNIH // 11 // . ina zlokoMmeMse zloka naM. 6 maMgalAcaraNake bAdakA sabase pahalA. zloka hai| isIse graMthake kathanakA prAraMbha kiyA gayA hai / isa zlokameM . 'tato' zabda AyA hai jisakA artha hai '. usake . anantara'; parantu 'usake kisake ? aisA isa graMthase kucha bhI mAlUma nahIM hotA / isa lie 'yaha zloka yahA~para asambaddha hai / isakA tato' zabda bahutahI khaTakatA hai| AdipurANake prathama parvameM isa zlokakA nambara 196 hai / vahA~ para isase pahale kaI zlokoMmeM mahApurANake avatArakA-kathAsambaMdhakA-silasilevAra kathana kiyA gayA hai / usIke sambandhameM yaha zloka tathA isake bAdake do zloka.naM. 7 aura 8 the| . antake tInoM zloka (naM0 9-10-11) AdipurANake 12 veM 'parvake haiM / unakA pahale tInoM zlokoMse kucha sambaMdha nahIM milatA / zloka naM. 9 meM 'atrAntare' aisA padaM isa bAtako batalA rahA hai ki gautamasvAmI kucha kathana kara rahe the jisake daramyAnameM muniyoMne unase kucha savAla kiyA hai / vAstavamai AdipurANameM aisA hI prasaMga thaa| vahA~ 11 veM parvameM vajranAbhikA sarvArthasiddhigamana varNana karake 12 veM parvake prathama zlokameM yaha. prastAvanA kI gaI thI ki aba vajranAbhike svargase pRthvI para avatAra lene AdikA vRttAnta sunAyA jAtA hai / usake bAda dUsare nambara para phira yaha zloka naM. 9 diyA thA / parantu * yahA~ para vajranAbhike sarvArthasiddhagamana AdikA vaha kathana kucha bhI na 'likhakara, ekadama 10-11 parva chor3akara 12.3 parvake isa zloka naM0 2 se prAraMbha karake aise kaI zloka vinA soce samajhe nakala kara DAle haiM jinakA mela pahale zlokoMke sAtha nahIM milatA / antake 11 veM zlokameM tvayA prAgeva varNitA' isa padake dvArA yaha pragaTa kiyA gayA hai ki kulakaroMkI utpattikA varNana isase pahale diyA jA cukA

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jinsen-trivrnnaacaar| hai| AdipurANameM aisA hai bhI parantu isa graMthameM aisA nahIM kiyA gayA; isa lie yahA~ rakkhA huA yaha zloka trivarNAcArake kartAkI sAfa mUDhatA jAhira kara rahA hai| . . "devAgha yAminIbhAge pazcime sukhnidritaa| adrAkSaM poDazasvabhAnimAnatyadbhutodayAn // 73 // deteSAM phalaM deva zuzrUSA me vivarddhate / apUrvadarzanAtkasya na syAnkautukavanmanaH // 4 // . ina donoM zlokoMmeMse pahale zlokameM 'imAn' zabdadvArA Age svapnoMke nAmakathanakI sUcanA pAI jAtI hai| aura dUsare padyameM 'etessaaN| zabdase yaha jAhira hotA hai ki una svamAkA nAmAdika kathana kara diyA.gayA; aba phala pUchA jAtA hai / parantu ina donoM zlokoMke madhyameM 16 svapnoMkA nAmollekha karanevAle koI bhI padya nahIM haiM / isase ye donoM padma paraspara asambaddha mAlUma hote haiN| AdipurANake 12 veM parvameM ina donoM lokoMkA nambara kramazaH 147 aura 153 hai / inake madhyameM vahA~ pA~ca padya aura diye haiM, jinameM 16 svapnoMkA vivaraNa hai / graMthakartAne unheM chor3a to diyA, parantu yaha nahIM samajhA ki unake chor3anese ye donoM zloka bhI paraspara asambaddha ho gaye haiN| "mahAdAnAni dattAni prINitaH praNayIjanaH / nirmANtiAstato ghaMTA jinvimbrlNkRtaaH|| 331 // cakravartI tamabhyetya tri:parItya kRtastutiH mahAmahamahApUjAM bhaktyA nivartayansvayam // 332 // caturdazadinAnyevaM bhagavantamasevata // pUrvArdha) 333 // * " * padya naM0 331 AdipurANake 413 parvake zloka 0 86 ke uttarArdha aura naM. 87 ke pUrvArdhako milakara banA hai / zloka naM0 332 parva naM0 47 ke zloka naM. 337 aura 338 ke uttarArdha aura pUrvAdhoMkoM milAnese banA hai / aura zloka naM. 333 kA pUrvArdha ukta 47 3.parvake zloka naM0 338 kA uttarArtha hai|

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grantha- parIkSA | .. ina padyoMmeMse pahale padyakA dUsare payase kucha sambaMdha nahIM milatA / " dUsare padyameM 'cakravartI tamabhyetya ' aisA pada AyA hai, jisakA artha hai ' cakravartI usake pAsa jAkara ' / parantu yahA~ isa 'usa ' ( tam ) - zabdase kisakA grahaNa kiyA jAya, isa sambandhako batalAnevAlA koI bhI padma isase pahale nahIM AyA hai| isalie yaha paya yahA~ para bahuta bhaddA mAlUma hotA hai / vAstavameM pahalA paya AdipurANake 41 veM parvakA hai, jisameM bharata cakravartIneM duHsvamoMkA phala sunakara unakA zAnti-vidhAna kiyA hai / dUsarA paya AdipurANake 47 veM parvakA hai aura usa vakta se sambaMdha rakhatA hai, jaba bharatamahArAja AdIzvarabhagavAnakI sthitikA aura unakI dhvanike banda hone AdikA hAla sunakara unake pAsa gaye the aura vahA~ unhoMne 14 dina taka bhagavAnakI sevA kI thI | graMthakartAne AdIzvarabhagavAn aura bharatacakravartIkA isa avasarasambandhI hAla kucha bhI na rakhakara ekadama jo 41 veM parvase - 47 veM parvameM chalA~ga mArI hai aura eka aisA padya uThAkara rakkhA hai jisakA pUrva payoMse kucha bhI sambaMdha 'nahIM' milatA, usase sApha jAhira hai ki graMthakartAko AdipurANake ina zlokoMko ThIka ThIka samajhanekI buddhi na thI / " * (kha) isa trivarNAcArakA dUsarA parva prAraMbha karate hue likhA hai ki--- " praNamyAtha mahAvIraM gautamaM gaNanAyakam / provAca zreNiko rAjA zrutvA pUrvakathAnakam // 1. // tvatprasAdAcchutaM deva trivarNAnAM samudbhavam / athedAnIM ca vaktavyamAhnikaM karma prasphuTam // 2 // ' arthAt rAjA zroNikane pUrvakathAnakako sunakara aura mahAvIrasvAmI tathA gautama gaNadhara ko namaskAra karake kahA ki, ' heM deva, Apake prasAdase maiMne trivaNakI utpattikA hAla to sunA; aba spaSTa rUpaseM Ahnika karma ( dinacaryA) kathana karane yogya hai'| rAjA zroNika ke isa 1 64

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jinsen-trivrnnaacaar| nivedanakA gautama svAmIne kyA uttara diyA, yaha kucha bhI na .batalAkara graMthakartAne ina donoM zlokoMke anantara hI, 'artha krameNa sAmAyikAdikathanam, ' yaha eka vAkya diyA hai aura isa vAkyake Age yaha padya likhA hai: "dhyAnaM tAvadahaM vadAmi vidupAM jJAnArNave yanmatamAta raudrasadhaya'zuklacaramaM duHkhAdisaukhyapradam / / piMDasthaM ca padastharUparahitaM rUpasthanAmAparam / tepAM bhinnacatuzcaturvipayajA bhedAH pare santi vai // 3 // " Uparake donoM zlokoMke sambandhase aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki gautama svAmAne isa padyase Ahnika karmakA kathana karanA prAraMbha kiyA hai aura isa padmameM AyA huA 'ahaM' (maiM) zabda unhIMkA vAcaka hai / parantu isa padya aisI pratijJA pAI jAtI hai ki maiM jJAnArNana graMthake anusAra dhyAnakA kathana karatA huuN| kyA gautama svAmIke samayameM bhI jJAnArNava graMtha maujUda thA aura Ahnika karmake pUchanepara gautama svAmIkA aisA. hI. pratijJAvAkya honA cAhiye thA ? kadApi nahIM / isa lie Adike donoM zlokoMkA isa tIsare padyase kucha bhI saMbaMdha nahIM milatA-uparyukta donoM zloka bilakula vyartha mAluma hote haiM aura ina zlokoMko rakhanese graMthakartAkI nirI mUrkhatA TapakatI hai.| yaha.tIsarA padya aura isase Ageke bahutase padya, vAstavameM, somasenatrivarNAcArake pahale adhyAyase uThAkara yahA~ rakkhe gaye haiN| (ga) isa trivarNAcArake 1the parvameM saMskAroMkA varNana karate hue eka sthAnapara ' atha jAtivarNanamAha ' aisA likhakara nambara 23 se 59 taka 37 zloka diye haiM / ina zlokoMmeMse pahalA aura antake do zloka isa prakAra haiM:

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ya- parIkSA / grantha AcaMDAlA "zudrAcAvaravarNAzca vRpalAzra jaghanyajA:saMkIrNA ambaSThakaraNAdayaH // 23 // pratimAnaM prativisvaM pratimA pratiyAtanA praticchAyA / pratikRtiraca puMsi pratinidhirUpamopamAnaM syAt // 58 // vAcyaliMgAH samastulyaH sadakSaH sadRzaH saha / sAdhAraNaH samAnayaM syuruttarapade tvamI // 59 // ina saba zlokoMko dekara antameM likhA hai ki, ' iti jAtikathanam ' / isase vidita hotA hai ki ye saba 37 zloka graMthakartIna jAtiprakaraNake samajhakara hI likhe haiM / parantu vastutaH ye zloka aise nahIM haiN| yadi Adike kucha zlokoMko jAtiprakaraNasambandhI mAna bhI liyA jAya, to bhI zeSa zlokoMkA to jAtiprakaraNake sAtha kucha bhI sambandha mAlUma nahIM hotA; jaisA ki antakeM donoM zlokoMse pragaTa hai ki ekameM ' pratimA ' zabdake nAma ( paryAyazabda ) diye haiM aura dUsare 'samAna' zabda ke | vAstavaima ye saMpUrNa zloka amarakoza dvitIya kAMDake zUdra' vargase uThAkara yahA~ rakkhe gaye haiM / inakA viSaya zabdoMkA artha hai, na ki kisI khAsa prakaraNakA varNana karanA | mAlUma nahIM. graMthakartAne ina aprAsaMgika ilokoMko nakala karanekA kaSTa kyoM uThAyA / * (gha) isa trivarNAcArake 12veM parvameM eka sthAna para, 'atha prasRtisnAnaM ' aisA likhakara nIce likhe do zloka diye haiM:-- " lokanAthena saMpUjyaM jineMdrapadapaMkajaMm | vakSye kRto'yaM sUtreSu graMthaM svamuktidAyakam // 1 // prasUtisvAnaM yatkarma kathitaM yajjinAgame / procyate jinaseno'haM zRNu tvaM magadhezvara // 2 // ye donoM iloka bar3e hI vicitra mAlUma hote haiM / graMthakartAne idhara udharase kucha padako jor3akara eka bar3A hI asamaMjasa dRzya upasthita kara 66

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jinasena-trivarNAcAra / .. " diyA hai| pahale zlokakA to kucha artha hI ThIka nahIM baiThatA, usake pUrvArdhako uttarArdhase kucha bhI sambandha nahIM milatA rahA dUsarA zloka usakA artha yaha hotA hai ki, 'prasUtisnAna nAmako jo karma "jinAgamameM kahA gayA hai, maiM z2inasena kahA jAtA hai, he zreNika raoNjI tU suna / ' isa zloMkameM 'procyate jinaseno'haM ' yaha pada bar3I vilakSaNa hai| vyAkaraNazAstra ke anusAra 'procyate kiyA sAtha 'jinasano'haM' yaha prathamA vibhaktikA rUpa nahIM A sakatA aura 'jinaseno'haM ke sAtha 'procyate / aisI kriyA nahIM bana sktii| isake sivAya jinasenakA rAjA zreNikako sambodhana karake kucha kahanA bhI nitAnta asaMgata hai| rAjA zreNikake samayameM jinasenakA koI astitva hI na thaa| graMthakatAko zabdazAstra aura arthazAstrakA kitanA jJAna thA aura kisa rItise unheM zabdoMkA prayoga karanA AtA thA, isakI sArI kalaI Uparake donoM zlokoMse khula jAtI hai| isI prakArake aura bhI bahutase azuddha prayoga aneka sthAnoMpara pAye jAte haiN| cauthe parvameM, jahA~ nadiyoMko argha car3hAye gaye haiM vahA~, bIsiyoM jagaha 'nayaiko'rghaH' 'suvarNakUlAyako'rghaH' tIrthadevatAyaiko'rghaH' ityAdi azuddha pada diye gaye haiM; jinase graMthakartAkI saMskRta-yogyatAkA acchA paricaya milatA hai| , . (Da) isI 12veM parvameM, 'prasUtisnAta' prakaraNase pahale, mUla aura azleSA nakSatroMkI pUjAkA vidhAna varNana karate hue. isa prakAra likhA hai: 'OMAThaH svAhA' e maMtra bhaNI sarSapa tathA suvarNasaM abhiSeka kIje / pAchai disi bAMdhi taMtra bhaNana 'OM namo disi vidisi Adisau. / ThaU dizau bhyaH svaahaa|' e maMtra traNa bAra bhaNIyaM tAlI 3 dIjaI / ASAMDa chAlI bhaNII pahilo ko te eMvidhi karIne mAtA pitA bAla.. 67 - / . . .

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grnth-priikssaa| kanuM hAtha divArI saghalI vastanaI dAna dIje / pAchai aThAvIsa nakSatra ane nava grahanA maMtra bhaNII mAne kholai bAlaka vaisaariye| pitA jimaNe hAtha vaisArII / pitAnaiH mAtAMnA hAthamAhi jvAranA dANA deIna maMtra bhaNII / pahilo kahyo te maMtra bhnniiii| e vidhi karIne mAtA vAlakanuM. hAtha divArI saghalI vastunai dAna diije| pUjAnA karaNahArane sarva vastu dIje / pAchai' OM tadusnaH' e maMtra bhaNI zAMti bhnniiii| pAchai jimaNa deIne vaaliii| iti mUla azleSA pUjAvidhi smaaptH|" . . saMskRta graMthameM isa prakArakI gujarAtI bhASAke Anese sApha yaha mAlUma hotA hai ki graMthakartA mahAzayako svayaM saMskRta banAnA na AtA thA aura jaba Apako uparyukta pUjAvidhi kisI saMskRta graMthameM na mila sakI, taba Apane use apanI bhASAmeM hI likha DAlA hai| aura bhI do eka sthAnoM ghara aisI bhASA pAI jAtI hai, jisase graMthakartAkI nivAsabhUmikA anumAna honA bhI saMbhava hai| __ yogyatAke isa digdarzanase,pAThakagaNa svayaM samajha sakate haiM ki.jinasena- . trivarNAcArake karttAko eka bhI svataMtra zlokavanAnAAtA thA ki nhiiN| __ yahA~ takake isa samasta kathanase yaha to siddha ho gayA ki yaha graMtha (jinasenatrivarNAcAra ) AdipurANake kartA bhagavajinasenakA banAyA huA nahIM hai aura na harivaMzapurANake kartA dUsare jinasena yA tIsare aura cauthe jinasenakA hI banAyA huA ., hai| balki somasenatrivarNAcArase vAdakA arthAt vikramasaMvat 1665.se.bhI pIchekA banA huA hai| sAtha hI graMthakartAkI yogya- . tAqA bhI kucha paricaya mila gayA / parantu yaha graMtha vi0 saM0 1665H .

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jinsen-trivrnnaacaar| se kitane pIchekA banA huA hai aura kisane banAyA hai, itanA savAla abhI aura bAkI raha gayA hai| __ jainasiddhAntabhAskaradvArA prakAzita huI aura puSkaragacchase.sambandha rakhanevAlI senagaNakI paTTAvalIko dekhanese mAlUma hotA hai ki bhaTTAraka zrIguNabhadrasUrike paTTa para eka 'somasena' nAmakaM bhaTTAraka hue haiN| somasenatrivarNAcArameM bhaTTAraka somasena bhI apaneko puSkaragacchameM guNaMbhadrasUrike paTTa para pratiSThita hue batalAte haiN| isase paTTAvalI aura triva rNAcArake kathanakI samAnatA pAI jAtI hai / arthAt yaha mAlUma hotA hai ki paTTAvalImeM guNabhadrake paTTa para jina somasena bhaTTArakake pratiSThita honekA kathana hai unhIMkA ' somasena trivarNAcAra' banAyA huA hai| ina somasenake paTTa para ukta paTTAvalImeM jinasena bhahArakake pratiSThita honekA kathana kiyA gayA hai / ho sakatA hai ki jinasenatrivarNAcAra unhIM somasena bhaTTArakake paTTa para pratiSThita honevAle jinasena bhaTTArakakA nirmANa kiyA huA ho aura isa lie vikramakI 17 vIM zatAbdIke aMtameM yA 18 vIM zatAbdaki AraMbhameM isa graMthakA avatAra huA ho| parantu paTTAvalImeM ukta jinasena bhaTTArakakI yogyatAkA paricaya dete hue likhA hai ki, ve mahAmohAndhakArase Dhake hue saMsArake janasamUhoMse dustara kaivalya:mArgako prakAza karanemeM dIpakake samAna the aura bar3e durdharSa naiyyAyika, kaNAda, vaiyyAkaraNarUpI hAthiyoMke kuMbhotpATana karanemeM lampaTa buddhivAle the, ityAdi / yathAH " tatpaTTe mahAmohAndhakAratamasopagUDhabhuvanabhavalamajanatAbhiDastarakaivalyamArgaprakAzakadIpakAnAM, karkazatArkikakaNAdavaiyyAkaraNabRhatkuMbhikuMbhapATanalampaTadhiyAM nijasvasyAcaraNaMkaNakhaMjAyinacaraNayugAdekANAM zrImadbhaTTArakavaMyasUryazrIjinasenabhaTTArakANAm // 48 // " 69

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grnth-priikssaa| . ...yadi jinasena bhaTTArakakI isa yogyatAmeM kucha bhI satyatA hai to.kahanA hogA ki yaha 'jinasena trivarNAcAra' unakA banAyA huA nahIM hai / kyoMki jinasenatrivarNAcArake kartAkI yogyatAkA jo digdarzana Upara karAyA gayA hai, usase mAlUma hotA hai ki ve eka bahuta mAmUlI, adUradarzI aura sAdhAraNa:buddhike AdamI the / aura-yadi somasenaH bhaTTArakake. paTTapara pratiSThita honevAle jinasena bhaTTArakakI, vAstavameM, aisI hI yogyato thI jaisI ki jinasenatrivarNAcArase z2Ahira hai-paTovalImeM dI huI yogyatA: nitAnta- asatya hai-to kaha sakatA haiM ki unhIM bhaTTArakajIne yahAjinasenatrivarNAcAra banAyA hai| parantu phira bhI itanA z2arUra kahanA hogA ki unhoMne somasena-bhaTTArakake paTTa para honevAle jinasena. bhaTTArakakI haisiyatase isa graMthako nahIM banAyA hai| yadi aisA hotA to ve isa graMthameM kamase kama apane guruyA pUrvaja somasena bhaTTArakakA z2arUra ullekha karate jaisA ki: Ama taura para: saba bhaTTArakoMne kiyA hai / aura sAtha hI unaHpayoMmeMse brahmasUrikA nAma ur3Akara unake sthAnameM ' gautamarSi'. na rakhate jinako unake pUrvaja, somasenane-bar3e gauravake sAtha rakkhA thA: balki apanA kartavyaH: samajhakara. brahmasUrike , nAmake sAtha somasenakA nAma bhI aura adhika dete| parantu aisA nahIM kiyA gayA, isase . z2Ahira hai ki yaha graMtha ukta bhaTTArakakIH haisiyatase nahIM banA hai| bahuta saMbhava hai ki jinasenake nAmase kisI dUsare. hI vyaktine isa graMthakA nirmANa kiyA ho; parantu kucha bhI ho,-bhaTTAraka jinasena isake vidhAtA ho yA koI dUsarA vyakti isameM sandeha nahIM ki, jisane bhI, isa trivarNAcArakA sampAdana kiyA hai| usakA aisA AbhiprAya jarUra rahA hai ki yaha graMtha somasena aurH| brahmasUrike trivarNAcAroMse pahalA, prAcInaH aura adhika prAmANika: samajhA. jaay| yahI:kAraNa hai jo usane somasena trivarNAcArake aneka padyoMmeMse 'brahmasUri' kA nAma ur3Akara usake sthAnameM 70

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jinsen-trivrnnaacaarN| gautamasvAmIkA gIta gAyA hai aura somasena trivarNAcArakA-jisakI apane isa graMthameM nakala hI nakala kara DAlI hai-nAma taka bhI nahIM liyA hai| isI prakAra eka sthAnapara paM0 AzAgharajIkA nAma bhI ur3AyA gayA hai; jisakA vivaraNa isa prakAra hai: somasenatrivarNAcAraka 20 adhyAyamai nimnalikhita cAra paMdhe paMDita oNzAdherake havAle se 'athAzIdharaH' likhakara udruta kiye gaye haiN| yathA:" adhAzIdharasvayaM samupaviSTho'dhatpiANipAtre'tha bhaajne| se zrAvakagRhaM gatvA pAtrapANistadaNa // 146ir sthitvA bhikSI dhamalAbhaM bharNitvA prArthayetaM vA / mAnana dayitvAMga lIbhIlA samoDacirAt / / 147 nigatyAnyagRha gacchanikSaumuktastu kecit / bhaujanIyArthito'tidbhuktvA yadbhikSitaM manoka // 14 prArthayatInyathA bhikSA yAvatsyodarapUraNIm / labheta prAsaMyaMtrAmmastatra saMzodhya to caret // 14 // jinasenatrivaNAMcAraka .14va parvameM somaMsanaviNAcArake dasaveM adhyAyakI maMgalAMcaraNasahita nakala honase ye cAroM padhe bhI usameM isI zamase darja haiN| parantuM inake AraMbhameM 'aAzAdharaH' ke sthAnameM artha samatabhadraH ' likhA huA hai / vAstavameM ye cAroM paMdya pai0 AzAdharaviracita 'sAgAradharmAmRta' ke 7 veM adhyAyake haiN| jisameM inake nambara kramazaH 40, 41, 42, 43 haiN| zrIsamatabhedrasvAmI ke ye vacana . nahIM haiN| svAmI samatabhedrakA astitva vikramakI dUsarI zatAbdIke lagabhaMga mAnA jAtA hai| aura paM0 AzIdharajI vikramakI 13 vIM zatAbdImeM hue haiN| mAlUma hotI hai ki jinasenaM vivaNIMcArake banA nevAlene isI bhayaseM / AzAdhara' kI jagaha samatabhadra kI nIma

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any-priikssaa| badalA hai ki kahIM AzAdharakA nAma AjAnese usakA yaha graMtha AzAdharase pIchekA banA huA arvAcIna aura Adhunika siddha na ho jaay| yahA~ paraM pAThakoMke hRdayameM svabhAvataH yaha savAla utpanna ho sakatA hai ki graMthakartAko samaMtabhadrasvAmIkA jhUThA nAma likhanekI kyA jarUrata thI, vaha vaise hI AzAdharakA nAma chor3a sakatA thaa| parantu aisA savAla karanekI z2arUrata nahIM hai / vAstavameM graMthakartAko apane gharakI itanI akla hI nahIM thii| usane jahA~se jo vAkya uThAkara rakse haiM, unako usI tarahase nakala kara diyA hai| sirpha jo nAma use aniSTa mAlUma huA, usako badala diyA hai aura jahA~ kahIM usakI samajhameM hI nahIM AyA ki yaha 'nAma' haiM, vaha jyoM kA tyoM raha gayA hai / isake sivAya graMthakke hRdayameM isa bAtakA z2arA bhI bhaya na thA,ki koI usake graMthakI jA~ca karanevAlA bhI hogA yA ki nahIM / vaha ajJAnAndhakArase vyApta jainasamAja para apanA svacchaMda zAsana karanA cAhatA thaa| isIlie usane A~kha banda karake aMdhAdhuMdha, jahA~ jaisA jImeM AyA, likha diyA hai / pAThakoM para, Age calakara, isakA saba hAla khula jAyagA aura yaha bhI mAlUma ho jAyagA ki isa trivarNAcArakA kartA jaina samAjakA kitanA zatru thA / yahA~ para isa samaya sirpha itanA aura pragaTa kiyA jAtA hai ki isa trivarNAcArake cauthe parvameM eka saMkalpa maMtra diyA hai, jisameM saMvat 1731 likhA hai / vaha saMkalpa maMtra isa prakAra hai:__"oM atha traikAlyatIrthapuNyapravartamAne bhUloke bhuvanakoze madhyamaloke adya bhagavato mahApuruSasya zrImadAdibrahmaNo mate jambUdvIpe tatpuro meroIkSiNe bhAratavarSe AryakhaMDe etadavasarpiNIkAlAvasAnapravartamAne kaliyugAbhidhAnapaMcamakAle prathamapAde zrImahati mahAvIracarddhamAnatIrthakaropadiSTasaddharmavyatikare zrIgautama __ . 72

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jinsen-trivrnnaacaar| svAmipratipAditasanmArgapravartamAne zrIzreNikamahAmaMDalezvarasamAcaritasanmArgAvazeSe saMmvat 1731 pravartamAne a0 saMvatsare amukamAse amukapakSe amukatithau amukavAsare........." mAlUma hotA hai ki yaha saMkalpamaMtra kisI aisI yAdadAzta (smaraNapatra ) parase utArA gayA hai, jisameM tatkAlIna vyavahArake lie kisIne saMvat 1731 likha rakkhA thA / nakala karate yA karAte samaya graMthaka ko isa saMvatke badalanekA kucha qhayAla nahIM rahA aura isa lie vaha barAbara graMthameM likhA calA AtA hai| kucha bhI ho, isa samvatse itanA patA z2arUra calatA hai ki yaha graMtha vi0 saMvat 1665 hI nahIM, balki saMvat 1731 se bhI pIchekA banA huA hai / jahA~ taka maiMne isa viSaya para vicAra kiyA hai, merI rAyameM yaha graMtha vikramakI aThArahavIM zatAbdIke antakA yA usase bhI kucha bAdakA banA huA mAlUma hotA hai| isa trivarNAcArakA vidhAtA cAhe koI ho, parantu, isameM sandeha nahIM ki, jisane isa granthakA nirmANa kiyA hai vaha avazya hI koI dhUrta vyakti thA / graMthameM sthAna sthAna para usakI dhUrtatAkA qhAsA paricaya milatA hai| yahA~ pAThakoMke saMtoSArtha, graMthakartAkI isI dhUrtatAkA kucha digdarzana karAyA jAtA hai / isase pAThakoM para graMthakartAkI sArI asaliyata khula jAyagI aura sAtha hI yaha bhI mAlUma ho jAyagA ki yaha trivarNAcAra koI jainagraMtha ho sakatA hai yA ki nahIM: (1) hindUdharmazAstroMmeM ' yAjJavalkyasmRti ' nAmakA eka graMtha hai aura isa graMthapara vijJAnezvarakI banAI huI 'mitAkSarA' nAmakI eka prAcIna TIkA sarvatra prasiddha hai / ' mitAkSarA' hindUdharmazAstrakA pradhAna aMga hai aura adAlatoMmeM isakA pramANa bhI mAnA jAtA hai| jinasena trivarNAcArake 13 veM parvameM isa yAjJavalkyasmRtike 73

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grnth-priikssaa| . . . . . . pahale adhyAyakA cauthA prakaraNa; jisakA nAma : varNa-jAti-vivekaprakaraNa' haiM; mitAkSarA TIkAsahita jyoMkA tyoM uThAkara nahIM kintu. curAkara rakkhA gayA hai * / isa prakaraNameM mUla zloka sAta haiM, zeSa bahutasA gadyabhAga unakI pRthak pRthak TIkAoMkA hai / namUnake tauraparaM isa prakaraNakA pahalA aura antima zloka tathA pahale.zlokakI TIkAkA, kucha aMza-nIce pragaTa kiyA jAtA hai:. "savaibhyaH savarNAlaM jAyate hi saMjAtayaH / aninyeSu vivAheSu putrAH saitAnavadhanIH / jAtyutko yuga jJeyaH paMcame saptame'pi vA / vyatyaye karmaNAM sAmya pUrvavaccAdharauttaram // " * savarNebhyo brAhmaNAdibhyaH sarvAsu brAhmaNyAdiSu sajAtayaH mAtRpitR-samAnaM-jAtIyAH putrA bhavati, vinnAsveSa vidhiH smRtaH' iti sarvazeSatvenopasaMhArAt / vinnAsu saMvarNAsviti saMbadhyate vinAzabdasya...." .. jinasenaM trivarNIcArameM ina zlokokA koI nambara nahIM diyA hai aura na TIkAko 'TIkA ' yA artha ' ityAdi hI likhA hai| balki eka sarA nakala kara DAlI hai / yAjJavalkyasmRtimeM ina donoM lokoMke nambara kramazaH 90 aura 96 haiM / trivarNAcArake kartAne isa prakaraNako uThAkara rakhane meM bar3I hI cAlAkIse kAma liyA hai| yAjJavalyasmRti aura usakI mitAkSarA' TIkAkA usane kahIM bhI nAmollekha nahIM kiyA,. pratyuta isa bAtakI barAbara .ceSTA kI hai ki ye sela vacana usake auraH prAcIna jainAcAryoMke hI samajhe jAya~ / yahI kAraNa hai ki dUsare zlokake . + sirpha pahelai zlokakI lambI caur3I yakImeM cAra pAca paMktiyAM aisI haiM jo kisI dUsare prathase uThAkara jor3I gaI hai aura jinameM dhRtarASTra, pAMDu aura biMdu: rakai kSetraja dRSTija) putra honeko niSedha kiyA gayA hai| 74 / . + :

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jinsen-trivrnnaavaar| bAda usane 'bhadrabAhu kA nAma likhA hai, jisase Ageke vacanaM bhadrabAhusvAmIke samajha lie jAya / parantu vAstavameM meM sabaM vacana duusreN| zlokakI mitAkSarA TIkAke sivAya aura kucha nahIM haiN| isa dUsare zlokakI-mitAkSarA TIkAmeM eka sthAnapara 'zaMkhe' RSike havAlese ye vAkya diye hue haiM:- . . ___ " yattu brAhmaNena kSatriyAyAmutpAditaH kSatriya eva bhavati / kSAtrayeNa vaizyAyAmutpAdito vaizya eva bhavati / vaizyena zUdrAyAmutpAditaH zUdra eva bhvti..| iti zaMkhasmaraNam / trivarNAcArake banAnevAlene ina vAkyoMke antameMse / iti zaMkhasmaraNam' ko nikAla kara usake, sthAnameM ' iti samaMtabhada' banA diyA hai, jisase ye vacana, samaMtabhadrasvAmIke samajhe jaayeN| isI prakAra chaThe zlokakI TIkAmeM jo 'yathAha zaMkhaH' likhA huA thA, usako badalakara yathAha.gautamaH' banA diyA hai| yadyapi isa prakArakI bahuta kucha cAlAkI aura banAvaTa kI gaI hai, parantu phira bhI graMthakartA dvArA isa prakaraNakI asaliyata,chipAI huI chipa nahIM skii| svayaM gavarUpa TIkA isa bAtako pragaTa kara rahI hai ki vaha vaidika dharmase sambandha rakhatI hai| usameM aneka sthAnoM para smRtiyoMke. vacanoMkA ullekha hai aura pA~caveM zlokakI TIkA 6 prakArake pratilomajoMkI vRttiyoMke sambandhameM sAfa taurase auzanasa-dharmazAstra.' ko dekhanekI preraNA kI gaI hai, jo hindUdharmakA eka prasiddha smRtigraMtha hai / yathAH-.. ........ ete ca sUtavaidohikacAMDAlamAgadhakSatrAyogavAH paddhatilomajAH eteSAM ca vRttayaH auzanase mAnave drssttvyaaH|' mAlUma hotA hai ki 'auzanase mAnave ina zabdoMse trivarNAcArake kartAkI samajhameM yaha nahIM A sakA hai ki inameM kisI hindU. dharmake graMthakA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| isIlie vaha ina zabdoMkoM badala . . 75

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grnth-priikssaa| nahIM sakA / isake sivAya trivarNAcArameM isa prakaraNakA prAraMbha ina zabdoMke sAtha kiyA gayA hai:-. __" atha pariNayanavidhimAha / tathA ca kSIrakadambAcAryeNoktam / brAhma-. Nasya catasro bhAryAH kSatriyasya tisro vaizyasya dve zUdrasyaika ityuktvA tAsu ca putrA utpAdayitavyA ityuktam / idAnIM kasyAM kasmAtkaH putro bhavati iti vivekamAha / " arthAt-'aba pariNayana vidhiko kahate haiN| taisA (tathA ) kSIra . kadambAcAryane kahA hai| brAhmaNake cAra varNakI, kSatriyake tIna varNakI, vaizyake do varNakI aura zUdrake eka apane hI, varNakI striyA~ hotI haiM / yaha kahakara (ityuktvA ) una striyoMmeM putra utpanna karane cAhie~, yaha kahA jA cukA ( ityuktam ) / aba kisa strImeM, kisake saMyogase, kauna putra utpanna hotA hai, isakA vicAra karate haiN|' __ ina vAkyoMse pahale, isa trivarNAcArameM, 'pariNayanavidhi' kA koI aisA kathana nahIM AyA jisakA sambandha ' tathA' zabdase milAyA jAya / isI prakAra aisA bhI koI kathana nahIM AyA jisakA sambaMdha "ityuktvA ' aura 'ityuktam ' ina zabdoMse milAyA jaay| aisI hAlatameM ye saba vAkya vilakula asambaddha mAlUma hote haiM aura isa vAtako pragaTa karate haiM ki inameMse kucha vAkya kahIMse uThAkara rakta gaye haiM aura kucha vaise hI jor3a diye gaye haiN| mitAkSarA TIkAko dekhanese isakA sArA bheda khula jAtA hai| asalameM mitAkSarA TIkAkArane cauthe prakaraNakA prAraMbha karate hue parvakathanakA sambaMdha aura uttara kathanakI sUcanikA rUpase prathama zloka (naM0 90)ke AdimeM 'brAhmaNasya catasro bhAryA....' ityAdi uparyukta vAkya diye the / trivaNAMcAraka katoMne unheM jyoMkA tyoM binA soce samajhe nakala kara diyA hai aura do vAkya vaise hI apanI taraphase aura unake pahale jor3a diye haiM / pahale 76

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__ jinsen-trivrnnaacaarH| vAkyameM jisa pariNayanAvadhike kathanakI pratijJA kI gaI hai usakA pAlana bhI sAre prakaraNameM kahIM nahIM kiyA gayA / prakaraNake antameM likhA haiM ki 'iti varNajAtivivekaprakaNaM samAptam / ' __ ina saba bAtoMse sApha jAhira hai ki yaha pUrA prakaraNa. yAjJavalkyA smRtikI mitAkSarA TIkAse curAyA gayA hai aura isameM zaMkhAdikake sthAnameM samantabhadrAdi jainAcAryoMkA nAma DAlakara logoMko dhokhA diyA gayA hai| (2) hindUdharmake graMthoMmeM, zrIdatta upAdhyAyakA banAyA huA 'AcArAdarza' nAmakA eka graMtha hai / yaha graMtha gadyapadyamaya hai; aura isameM prAyaH jo kucha bhI varNana kiyA gayA hai vaha saba hindU dharmake aneka prasiddha zAstroM aura RSivacanoMke AdhAra para, unakA ullekha karate hue, kiyA gayA hai / dUsare zabdoMmeM yoM kahanA cAhie ki yaha graMtha viSaya-vibhedase hindudharmake prAcIna AcAryoMke vacanoMkA eka saMgraha hai / isa graMthameM 'zayanavidhi' nAmakA bhI eka viSaya arthAt prakaraNa hai / jinasenatrivarNAcArake 11veM parvameM 'zayanavidhi ' kA yaha sampUrNa prakaraNa prAyaH jyoMkA tyoM uThAkara rakkhA huA hai / trivarNAcArake banAnevAlene isa prakaraNako uThAkara rakhanemeM bar3I hI ghRNita cAlAkIse kAma liyA hai| vaha 'AcArAdarza' yA usake sampAdakakA nAma to kyA pragaTa karatA, ulaTA usane yahA~taka kUTalekhatA kI hai ki jahA~ jahA~ isa prakaraNameM: hindUdharmake kisI graMtha yA graMthakArakA nAma thA, usa sabako badalakara usake sthAnameM prAcIna jainagraMtha yA kisI prAcIna jainAcAryakA nAma rakha diyA hai| aura isa prakAra hindU graMthoMke pramANoMko jainagraMtho yA jainA-. cAryoMke vAkya batalAkara sarvasAdhAraNako eka bar3e bhArI dhokhemeM DAlA hai / jinasenatrivarNAcArameM aisA anartha dekhakara hRdaya vidIrNa hotA hai aura una jainiyoMkI hAlata para bar3I hI karuNA AtI hai jo aise 77

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'any-priikssaa| graMthoMko bhI jainagraMtha mAnate haiM / ataH yahA~ para graMthakartAke isa ghRNita kRtyake namUne yatkiMcit vistArake sAtha dikhalAye jAte haiM: AcArAdarzameM, 'zayanavidhi' kA AraMbha karate hue, 'tatra viSNu. 'purANe"aisA likhakara. nimnalikhita tIna. loka diye haiM: " kRttapAdAdizaucastu bhuktvA sAyaM tato gRhii| gacchadasphuTitAM zayyAmapi dArumayIM nRpH| nAvizAlAM na vA bhannAM nAsamAM malinAM na c| / nAca jantumayI zayyAM tvadhitiSThedanAstRtAm // prAcyA dizi-ziraHzastaM yAmyAyAmathavA nRp| . saMdeva.svapataH puMso viparItaM tu rogadam // " z2inasenatrivarNAcArameM. ye tInoM zloka isI kramase likhe haiN| parantu 'tatra viSNupurANe.' ke sthAnameM 'zrIbhadrabAhu uktaM' aisA banA diyA hai / arthAt trivarNAcArake kartAne ina vacanoMko viSNupurANake sthAnameM zrIbhadrabAhusvAmIkA batalAyA hai| ina tInoM zlokoMke pazcAt AcArAdarzameM 'nandipurANe" aisA.nAma.dekara yaha zloka likhA hai: " namo nandIzvarAyoti proktvA yaH supyate nrH| tasya kUSmANDarAjabhyo na bhaviSyatiM vai bhayam // " isa zlokake.pazcAt 'atra hArItaH aisA nAma dekara eka zloka aura likhA hai aura phira 'atra zaMkhalikhitau' yaha do nAmasUcaka "pada dekara kucha gadma diyA hai / AcArAdarzake isI kramAnusAra ye saba zloka gadyasahita jinasenatrivarNAcArameM bhI maujUda haiM, parantu 'nandipurANa, ''hArIta,' aura 'zaMkhalikhita' inameMse kisIkA bhI ullekha 1 isa zlokameM sote samaya ' nandIzvarako ' namaskAra karanA likhA hai / jaini* comeM nandIzvara nAmakA koI devatA nahIM hai| dinduoMmeM usakA astitva jarUra "mAnA jAtA hai| . . . .. 78

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jinsen-trivrnnaacaar| nahIM kiyA hai / isase trivarNAcArako. par3hate hue yahIM mAlUma hotA hai ki ye saba zloka aura gadya bhI bhadrabAhusvAmaki hI bacana hai, 'jinakA nAma prakaraNAke AdimeM 'zrI dravAMhu uktaM ' isa padake dvArA 'diyA gayA hai| . ___ isake bAda AcArAdarzameM 'uzanAH' aisA nAma dvekara yaha vAkya 'likhA hai: " na tailenAbhyaktazirAH svapet " jinasenAvivarNAcArameM bhI yaha vAkya usI krumase maujUda hai / parantu "jazanAH' ke sthAnameM bhadravAI' likhA huA hai ! nahIM mAlUma, graMthakAne graha punaH bhadrabAhu' kA nAma likhanekA parizrama kyoM uThAyA, jaba ki isase pahale madhyameM kisI dUsarekA vacana nahIM AyA thaa| astu; AcArAdarza meM isa vAkyake anantara : paiThInasiH' aisA likhakara 'eka vAkya uddhRta kiyA hai / jinasenatrivarNAcArameM bhI aisA hI kiyA gayA hai| arthAt 'paiThInasiH' zabdako badalA nahIM hai / balki pUrvokta vAkyoMke sAthameM use milAkara hI likha rakkhA hai / isakA kAraNa yahI mAlUma hotA hai ki, trivarNAcArake banAnevAlekI samajhameM yaha nahIM A sakA ki 'paiThInasi! kisI hindU RpikA nAma hai aura isalie usane ise pichale yA agale vAkyasambandhI koI zabda samajhakara jyoM kA tyoM hI rakha diyA hai| maiThInasike isa vAyake pazcAt AcArAdarzameM, kramazaH vizTha, Apastamba, viSNupurANa, aura bRhaspatike havAlese kucha gadyapana dekara parAzarakA yaha vacana, uddhRta kiyA hai.-- "RtusnAtAM tu yo bhAyoM sanidhau nopagacchati / sa gacchennarakaM ghoraM brahmaheti tathocyate // " 79 :

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grnth-priikssaa| - jinasenatrivarNAcArameM yaha sArA gadyapadya jyoMkA tyoM maujUda hai|' parantuH viSNu, ApastaMba, viSNupurANa, vRhaspati aura parAzarake nAma vilakula ur3A diye gaye haiN| isase trivarNAcArako par3hate hue ye saba vacana yAM to paiThInasike mAlUma hote haiM, yA bhadrabAhusvAmIke / paratu vAstavameM trivarNAcArake kartAkA abhiprAya unheM bhadravAhuke hI pragaTa karanekA mAlUma hotA hai, paiThInasiko to vaha samajhA hI nhiiN| parAzarake uparyukta vacanake pazcAt AcArAdarzameM, do zloka 'yama' ke havAlese, eka zloka 'devala' ke nAmase aura phira do zloka 'baudhAyana' ke nAmase uddhRta kiye haiN| jinasenatrivarNAcArameM ye saba zloka isI kramase diye haiN| parantu ina pA~coM zlokaoNma Adike tIna zloka 'puSpadaMtenoktaM' aisA likhakara puSpadaMtAcAyake nAmase uddhRta kiye haiM aura zeSa baudhAyanavAle donoM zlokoMkA 'samaMtabhadra' ke nAmase ullekha kiyA hai| ve pA~coM zloka isa prakAra haiM: "RtusnAtAM tu yo bhAyA~ sanidhau nopagacchati / ghorAyAM bhrUNahatyAyAM yujyate nAtra saMzayaH // bhAryAmRtumukhe yastu sabidhau nopagacchati / pitarastasya taM mAMsaM tasmin retati zerate // yaH svadArAmRtusnAtAM svasthaH sannopagacchati / bhrUNahatyAmavApnoti garbhaprAptiM vinAzya, saH // .. trINi varSANyatumatI yo bhAyau nopgcchti| : satulyaM brahmahatyAyA doSamRcchatyasaMzayam // Rtau nopeti yo bhAryAmantau yathaM gcchti.| tulyamAhustayordoSamayonau yazca siMcati // "

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jinsen-trivrnnaacaar| puSpadaMta aura samantabhadrake havAlese uddhRta kiye hue ina pA~coM zlokoMmeM aura inase pahale zlokameM yaha likhA hai ki 'jo koI manuSya apanI RtusnAtA (mAsika dharma honeke pazcAt snAna kI huI ) strIke sAtha bhoga nahIM karatA hai, vaha ghora narakameM jAtA hai aura usako brahmahatyA, bhrUNahatyA, ityAdikA pApa lagatA hai isI prakAra jo RtukAlako chor3akara dUsare samayameM apanI strIse bhoga karatA hai vaha bhI RtukAlameM bhoga na karanevAleke samAna pApI hotA hai| ye saba vacana jainadharma aura jainiyoMkI kaphilAsophIke bilakula viruddha haiM aura isa lie kadApi jainAcAryoMke nahIM ho skte| uparyukta zlokoMke bAda, jinasena trivarNAcArameM, 'tathA ca umAsvAtiH' aisA likhakara, yaha zloka diyA hai: " SoDazanizAH strINAM tasminyugmAsu saMvizet / brahmacAryeva parvANyAdyAzcatastrazca varjayet // " yaha ' yAjJavalkyasmRti' ke pahale adhyAyake tIsare prakaraNakA zloka naM0 79 hai / zrIumAsvAti yA umAsvAmi mahArAjakA yaha vacana nahIM hai / AcArAdarzameM bhI isako yAjJavalkyakA hI likhA hai| isake pazcAt jinasenatrivarNAcArameM uparyukta zlokakI 'mitAkSarA' TIkAkA kucha aMza dekara yAjJavalkyasmRtike agale zloka naM0 80 kA pUrvArdha diyA hai aura phira pUjyapAdake havAlese 'pUjyapAdenoktaM' aisA likhakara ye vAkya diye haiM: "budhe ca yoSAM na samAcaret / tathA pUrNAsuH yossitprivrjniiyaa| tathA yoSinmaghAkRttikottarAsu / sustha indau sakRtputraM lakSaNyaM janayatpumAn // "

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andh-priikssaa| ina vAkyoM se pahale tIna vAkyoMko AcArAdarzameM 'vAmanapurANa' ke havAlese likhA hai aura cauthe vAkyako yAjJavalkyakA batalAyA hai| cauthA vAkya yAjJavalkyasmRtike uparyukta zloka naM0 80 kA uttarArdha hai| isake bAda isa zloka naM0 80 kI TIkAse kucha gadya dekara jinasenatrivaNAMcArameM, akalaMkasvAmIke havAlese yaha vAkya likhA hai:"labdhAhArI striMyaM kuryAdevaM saMjanayetsutAmiti akalaMkasmaraNAt / yaha vAkya isase pahale bhI isa 'zayanavidhi' prakaraNameM A cukA hai aura AcArAdarzameM ise 'bRhaspati' kA likhA hai| isa vAkyake anantara, jinasenatrivarNAcArameM, 'tatra puSpadaMtaH ' aisA likhakara tIna zloka diye haiM, jo manusmRtike tIsare adhyAyameM naM0 47, 48 aura 49 para darja haiN| AcArAdarzameM bhI unako 'manu' ke hI likhA hai / / ina zlokoMke bAda kucha gadya dekara likhA hai ki 'ityetadgautamIyaM sUtradvayaM' / parantu yaha saba gadya yAjJavalkyAsmRtike zloka naM0 80 kI TIkAse liyA gayA hai / isake pazcAt jinasenatrivarNAcArameM, 'yathA mANikyanandiH' aisA likhakara yaha zloka diyA hai: "yathAkAmI bhavedvApi strINAM varamanusmaran / svadAraniratazcaiva striyo rakSyA yataH smRtaaH||" yaha 'yAjJavalkyasmRti ke prathama adhyAyakA 81 vA~ zloka hai.| parIkSAmukhake kartA zrImANikyanandi AcAryakA yaha vAkya kadApi nahIM hai / isa zlokake pUrvArdhakA yaha artha hotA hai ki 'striyoMko jo vara diyA gayA hai usako smaraNa karatA huA yathAkAmI hove' / yAjJavalkyasmRtikI 'mitAkSarA' TIkAmeM likhA hai ki isa zlokameM usa 'vara' kA ullekha hai, jo indrane striyoMko diyA thA aura aisA likhakara vaha 'vara' bhI uddhRta kiyA hai, jo isa prakAra hai:

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jinsen-trivrnnaacaar| "bhavatInAM kAmAvihantA pAtakI syAt iti / yathA tA . abruvan varaM vRNImahe RtviyAtmajAM vindAmahe kAmamAvijaninoHsaMbhavAma iti / tasmAt RtviyAtriyaH prajA vidaMti kAmamAvijaninoH saMbhavaMti varaM vRtaM tAsA miti / " jinasenatrivarNAcArAmeM bhI isa 'vara' ko indrakAhI diyA huAvatalAyA hai aura mitAkSarA TIkAke anusAra 'strINAM paramindradattamanusmaran / aisA likhakara varake vahI zabda jyoMke tyoM nakala kara diye haiM jo Upara udhRta kiye gaye haiN| isa varakA artha isa prakAra hai ki:___ "jo tuhmArI kAmanAko na karegA vaha pAtakI hogA-ve striye bolI ki hama varako svIkAra karatI haiM aura Rtuse hamAre prajA ( saMtAna) ho aura prajAke hone taka kAmakI ceSTA rahe / isI lie striye RtusehI saMtAnako prApta hotI haiM aura saMtAna hone taka kAmaceSTA banI rahatI hai, yahI striyAMkA vara hai|" jainasiddhAntase thor3A bhI paricaya rakhanevAle pAThaka svayaM samajha sakate haiM ki yaha kathana jainasiddhAntake bilakulahI viruddha hai| parantu phira bhI trivarNAcArakA kartA, maNikyanandi jaise prAcIna AcAryoMko aise utsUtra vacanakA aparAdhI ThaharAtA hai| isa dhRSTatA aura dhUrtAtAkA bhI kahIM kucha ThikAnA hai !! isa 'vara' ke pazcAta, jinasenatrivarNAcArameM 'indravare kAThakapracanaM yathA ' aisA likhakara uparyukta 'yathAkAmI...' ityAdi zlokake uttarArdhakI kucha TIkA dI hai aura phira yaha likhA hai ki, bhoga karate samaya kaise kaise putroMkI icchA kare, arthAt putroMkI icchAoMke saMkalpa diye haiN| ina saMkalpoMkA kathana karate hue eka sthAnapara likhA hai ki "yathoktaM jayadhavale ' arthAt jaisA 'jayadhavala' zAstrameM kahA hai /

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pranya-parIkSA / . . parantu graMthakArakA aisA likhanA bilkula mithyA hai / jayadhavala eka siddhAnta graMtha hai, usakA isa prakArakA viSayahI nahIM hai / isake bAda jinasenatrivarNAcArameM, putroMkI isa icchAke silasilemeM,. 'yathAha jinacaMdracUDAmaNau' aisA likha kara yaha zloka diyA hai: "Rtau tu garbhazaMkitvAtlAnaM maithuninaH smRtam / anRtau tu sadA kArya zaucaM mUtrapurISavat // " AcArAdarzameM isa zlokako 'vRddhazAtAtapa' kA likhA hai aura vRddhazAtAtapakI smRtimeM yaha zloka naM0 33 para darja hai| isa zlokake anantara AcArAdarzameM 'gautama' kA nAmollekha karake gabameM maithunI zaucakA kucha varNana diyA hai| jinasenatrivarNAcArameM bhI 'tathA ca gautamaH / likhakara, yaha saba varNana usI prakArase uddhRta kiyA hai| yahA~ na badalanekA kAraNa spaSTa hai / jainiyoMmeM 'gautama ' mahAvIra svAmIke mukhya gaNadharakA nAma hai aura hindUdharmameM bhI 'gautama' nAmake eka RSi hue haiM / nAmasAmyake kAraNa hI trivarNAcArake kartAne use jyoMkA tyoM rahane diyA hai| anyathA aura bahutase sthAnoM para usane jAna bUjhakara hindUdharmake dUsare RSiyoMke sthAnameM 'gautama' kA parivartana kiyA hai| trivarNAcArake kartAkA abhiprAya 'gautama' se gautamagaNadhara hai / parantu use gautamake nAmase ullekha karate hue kahIM bhI isa bAtakA z2arA qhayAla nahIM AyA ki gautamagaNadharakA banAyA huA koI graMtha nahIM hai, jisake nAmase koI vacana uddhRta kiyA jAya; aura jo dvAdazAMga sUtroMkI * racanA unakI kI huI thI vaha mAgadhI bhASAmeM thI, saMskRta bhASAmeM nahIM thI jisameM unake vacana uddhRta kiye jA rahe haiM / astu; gautamake havAlese diye hue isa gadyake pazcAt jinasenatrivarNAcArameM, 'tatrAha mahAdhavale' aisA likhakara yaha zloka diyA hai:-- 81

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jinasena-trivarNAcAra / "dvAvetAvazucI syAtAM dampatI zayanaM gatau / zayanAdutthitA nArI zuciH syAdazuciH pumAn // " AcArAdarzameM yaha zloka 'vRddhazAtAtapa' ke havAlese udaghRta kiyA hai aura vRddhazAtAtapakI smRtimeM naM0 34 para darja hai| trivarNAcArake kartAkA isa zlokako 'mahAdhavala 'jaise siddhAnta graMthakA batalAnA nitAnta mithyA hai| __ isa zlokake vAda AcArAdarzake anusAra jinasenatrivarNAcArameM isI viSayakA kucha gadya diyA gayA hai aura phira 'atha dhavalepyuktaM ' (dhavala graMthameM bhI aisA hI kahA hai ) aisA likhakara sAta zloka diye haiN| unameMse pA~ca zlokoMmeM yaha likhA hai ki kaisI kaisI strIse aura kisa kisa sthAnameM bhoga nahIM karanA cAhie / zeSa do zlokoMmeM poMke nAmAdikakA kathana kiyA hai / AcArAdarzameM ye sava zloka viSNupurANake havAlese udhRta kiye haiN| trivarNAcArake kartAne viSNupurANake sthAnameM 'atha'dhavalepyuktaM' aisA banA diyA hai / ina sAtoM zlokoMmeMse antake do zloka isa prakAra haiM: "caturdazyaSTamI caiva amAvAsyAtha pUrNimA / parvANyetAni rAjendra ravisaMkrAntireva ca / / tailastrImAMsabhogI ca parvasveteSu yaH pumAn / viNmUtrabhojanaM nAma prayAti narakaM nrH||" ina donoM zlokomeMse pahale zlokameM jina 'amAvasyA' 'pUrNimA aura 'ravisaMkrAnti' ko parva varNana kiyA hai, vejaina parva nahIM haiM; aura dUsare zlokameM jo yaha kathana kiyA hai ki, ina parvomeM taila, strI aura -mAMsakA sevana karanevAlA manuSya viSThA aura mUtra nAmake narakameM jAtA hai, vaha saba jainasiddhAntake viruddha hai / ina saba zlokoMke anantara, jina: senatrivarNAcArameM, pAtrakesarI (vidyAnanda) ke havAlese ' tathA ca

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grantha- parIkSA | pAtrakesariNA ' likhakara kucha gadya nakula kiyA hai, jisameM yaha kathana hai ki kaisI strIse, kaisI hAlata meM aura kauna kauna sthAnoMmeM maithuna nahIM karanA caahie| yaha sava gadya AcArAdarzameM kramazaH vasiSTha aura viSNuke havAle se uddhRta kiyA hai| isa prakAra AcArAdarza aura jinasenatrivarNAcAra meM ' zayanavidhi' kA yaha saba kaMthana samApta hotA hai / Uparake . isa samasta kathanase, pAThakagaNa svayaM samajha sakate haiM ki jinasenatrivarNAcArake banAnevAlene jainake nAmako bhI lajjita karanevAlA yaha kaisA ghRNita kArya kiyA hai aura kisa prakArase zrImadbhadrabAhu, puSpadaMta, saMmaMtabhadra, umAsvAmI, pUjyapAda, akalaMkadeva, mANikyanandi aura pAtrakesarI. jaise prAcIna AcAryoM tathA ghavala, jayadhavala aura mahAdhaMvala jaise prAcIna graMthoMke pavitra nAmako badanAma karanekI ceSTA kI hai / kyA isase bhI adhika jainadharma aura jaina samAjakA koI zatru ho sakatA hai ? kadApi nahIM / ( 3 ) jinaseMnatrivaNIcArake 17 veM parvameM sUtakaMke cAra bhodoko varNana karate hue 'Artava nAmake sUtakakA kathana karanekI pratijJA isa prakAra kI gaI hai. -- " sUtakaM syAccaturbhedamArtavaM sautikaM tathA / / mArta tatsaMgajaM ceti tatrArtavaM nigadyate // 4 .. isa pratijJAvAkyake anantara prAyaH gadyameM eka lambA caur3A azauMcakA varNana diyA hai aura isI varNanameM yaha 17 vA~ parva samApta kara diyA hai / parantu isa sAre parvameM kahIM bhI uparyukta 'pratijJA kA pAlana nahIM kiyA hai / arthAta kahIM bhI 'Artava nAmake sUtaka yA azaucaka kathana nahIM kiyA hai / isa parva kathana hai 'jananAzauca' aura 'mRtAzau ca kA jisakI koI pratijJA nahIM kI gaI / 18 ve parvameM bhI punaH azI 7: * 1 - 'cakA 'varNana pAyA jAtA hai / parantu yaha varNana gadyameM na dekara "kevala payameM kiyA hai / isa parvakA prAraMbha karate hue likhA hai ki 'atha vRttena 86

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jinasena - trivarNAcAra / vizeSamAzaucamAha ' / arthAt aba paya dvArA azaucakA vizeSa kathana kiyA jAtA hai / isa pratijJAke bAda, 18 veM parvameM, nimnalikhita tIna zloka diye haiM: S PA tvA zrIzvaranAthAkhyaM kRtinA muktidAyakam / vizvamAMgalyakartAraM nAnAgraMthapadapradam // 1 // brAhmaNakSatravaizyAnAM zUdrAdInAM vizeSataH / sUtakena nivartena vinA pUjA na jAyate // 2 // rajaH puSpaM Rtuceti nAmAnyasyaiva lokataH / dvividhaM tattu nArINAM prAkRtaM vikRtaM bhavet // 3 // ye zloka paraspara asambaddha mAlUma hote haiN| ina zlokoM se pahale zloka meM 'zrI IzvaranAtha nAmake vyaktiko namaskAra karake ' aisA likhA hai; parantu namaskAra karake kyA karate haiM aisI pratijJA kucha nahIM dii| dUsare zlokameM sUtakAcaraNakI AvazyakatA pragaTa kI gaI hai aura tIsare zlokameM yaha likhA hai ki-raja, puSpa aura Rtu, ye lokavyavahArameM isIke nAma haiM aura vaha striyoMke do prakArakA hotA hai / eka prAkRta aura dUsarA vikRta / parantu isa zloka meM 'asyaiva' (isIke ) aura 'tat' ( vaha) zabdoMse kisakA grahaNa kiyA jAya, isa bAtako batalAnevAlA koI bhI zabda isa 18 veM parvameM isase pahale nahIM AyA hai / isalie yaha tIsarA zloka bilakula beDhaMgA mAlUma hotA hai| isa tIsare zlokakA sambaMdha 17 veM parvameM diye hue upa zloka naM 0 4 ( sUtakaM syAccatu... ) se bhale prakAra milatA hai| usa zlokameM jisa 'Artava ke kathana kI pratijJA kI gaI hai, usI Artava kathanakA silasisilA isa zloka meM aura isase Ageke zlokameM pAyA jAtA hai| asalameM 1. vizeSa kathana sirfa itanA hI hai ki isameM 'Artava' nAmake azaucakA bhI kathana kiyA gayA hai; zeSa jananAcauca aura mRtAzaucakA kathana prAyaH pahale kathanase milatA julatA hai /

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anth-priikssaa| 17 3 parvakA uparyukta zloka naM0 4 aura usase pahaleke tInoM zloka tathA 18 veM parvakA yaha zloka naM0 3 aura isase Ageke kula zloka somasena trivarNAcArake 1veM adhyAyase jyoMke tyoM nakala . kiye gaye haiM jinasenatrivarNAcArake 17 veM adhyAyake pahale cAra zlokoMko 18 veM parvake tIsare zloka aura usase Ageke zlokoMke sAtha milA denese somasena trivarNAcArakA pUrA 13 vA adhyAya bana jAtA haijinasenatrivarNAcArake kartAne somasena trivarNAcArake 13 veM adhyAyako isa prakAra do bhAgoMmeM vibhAjita kara aura unake bIcameM vyartha hI gadyapadyamaya azaucakA eka lambA caur3A prakaraNa DAlakara donoM pA~meM bar3I hI asamaMjasatA paidA kara dI hai| aura isa asamaMjasatAke sAtha hI eka bar3A bhArI anartha yaha kiyA hai ki ukta gadyapadyamaya azauca prakaraNako prAcIna jainAcAryoMkA batalAkara logoMko dhokhA diyA hai| vAstavameM yaha prakaraNa kisI hindUgraMthase liyA gayA hai / jinasenatrivarNAcArake kartAne jisa prakAra aura kaI prakaraNa hindUdharmake grathoMse uThAkara rakkhe haiM, usI prakAra yaha prakaraNa bhI kisI hiMdUgraMthase jyoMkA tyoM nakala kiyA hai| hinduoMke dharmagraMthoMmeM isaprakArake, AzaucanirNayake, aneka / prakaraNa pAye jAte haiM, jinameM aneka RSiyoMke havAlese viSayakA vive- . cana kiyA gayA hai| isa prakaraNameM bhI sthAna sthAna para hindU RSiyoMke vacanoMkA ullekha milatA hai| jinasenatrivarNAcArake banAnevAlene . yadyapi itanA chala kiyA hai ki hindU RSiyoMke nAmoMke sthAnameM gautama, bhadravAhu, aura samaMtabhadrAdi prAcIna jainAcAyA~ke nAma DAla diye haiM aura kahIM kahIM unakA nAma kataI nikAla bhI diyA hai, parantu phira bhI graMthakartAkI asAvadhAnI yA usakI nAsamajhIke kAraNa kaI sthAnoM para kucha hindU RSiyoMke nAma badalane yA nikAlanese 88

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jinsen-trivrnnaacaar| raha gaye haiN| isase sApha jAhira hai ki yaha prakaraNa kisI hindU graMthase curAyA gayA hai / isa prakaraNake kucha namUne isa prakAra haiM:- . . . (ka) jinasenatrivarNAcArameM AzaucakA yaha prakaraNa prAraMbha karate hue 'gautama uvAca ' aisA likhakara yaha vAkya diyA hai: "AcaturthAdbhavetsrAvaH pAtaH paMcamapaSThayoH / ata ardhva prasUtiH syAditi" yaha vAkya marIci RpikA prasiddha hai aura 'Azauca nirNaya ' nAmake bahutase prakaraNoMkI AdimeM pAyA jAtA hai / ' syAt ' zabdake vAda isakA cauthA caraNa hai-'dazAhaM sUtakaM bhavet / nirNayasiMdhu aura mitAkSarAdi graMthoMmeM bhI isa vAkyako marIci RSike nAmase uddhRta kiyA hai / parantu trivarNAcArake kartAne ise gautamasvAmIkA catalAyA hai| (kha) isa prakaraNameM jo vAkya vinA kisI havAleke pAye jAte haiM, unameMse kucha vAkya isa prakAra haiM: " pitarau cenmRtau syAtAM dUrastho'pi hi putrakaH / zrutvA tadinamArabhya dazAhaM mRtakI bhavet // " yaha vAkya 'paiThInasi ' RSikA hai / mitAkSarAdi graMthoMke AzaucaprakaraNameM bhI isa peThInasikA hI likhA hai| "AtmapitRSvasuH putrA AtmamAtRpvasuH sutaaH| AtmamAtulaputrAzca vijJeyA aatmbaandhvaaH||1|| pituH pitRSvasuH putrAH piturmAtRSvasuH sutAH piturmAtulaputrAzca vijJeyAH pitRvAndhavAH // 2 // mAtuH pitRNvasuH putrA mAturmAtRSvasuH sutaaH| mAturmAtulaputrAzca vijJeyA mAtRvAndhavAH // 3 // "

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anya priikssaa| ...ina tInoM zlokoMko smRtiratnAkara' Adi graMthoMmeM vijJAnezvarakA vacana likhA hai / vijJAnezvara yAjJavalkyasmRtikI 'mitAkSarA' TIkAkA, kartA hai / isa prakaraNameM, dUsare sthAnoMpara, 'iti vijJAnezvarAdayaH' 'idaM ca sarva vijJAnezvarAdyanurodhenoktaM,' ' iti vijJAnezvaraH,' ityAdi padoMke dvArA vijJAnezvarake nAmakA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai| vaha badalane yA nikAlanekA raha gayA hai| . . (ga) uparyukta zlokoMse thor3I dUra Age calakara, isa prakarakaNameM, nimna * likhita' pA~ca vAkya diye haiN| : (1) 'asapiMDasyApi . yadgRhe maraNaM tdgRhsvaamistriraatrmityNgiraaH|| . . . (2) "ekraatrmiti|| . . (3.) tathA ca gautamaH- tryahaM mAtAmahAcAryazrotriyepvazucirbhavet / ' (4) pracetAH mAtRNvasAmAtulayozca zvazcazvazurayogurau mRte carvijiyAjye ca trirAtreNa vizudhyati / / . . . . (5)'saMsthite pakSiNIM rAtri dauhitre bhaginIsute / saMskRte tu trirAtraM syAditi gautamaH / ' . . ina. vAkyoMmeM pahale nambarakA vAkya aMgirA RSikA hai| aMgirAkA nAma bhI isa vAkyake antameM milA huA hai| zAyada isa milApake. kAraNahI trivarNAcArake kartAko isake badalanekA qhayAla nahIM aayaa| anyathA usane svayaM dUsare sthAnapara, isI prakaraNameM, aMgirA RSike nimna likhita zlokakoM, 'tathAca gautamaH' likhakara, gautamasvAmIkA. banA diyA hai: " yadi, kazcitpramAdena mriyetAgnyukAdibhiH / tasyAzaucaM vidhAtavyaM kartavyA codakakiyA // .' . 10

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jinsen-trivrnnaacaar| dusare nambarakA vacana viSNukA hai / isake antameM 'viSNu / aisA nAma nahIM diyA hai| yaha pUrA vAkya ' asapiNDe svavezmani mRte eka rAtramiti' aisA hai / mitAkSarAmeM bhI isako viSNukA hI likhA hai| tIsare nambarakA vAkya bRhaspatikA hai jisake sthAnameM ' tathA ca gautamaH' banAyA gayA hai / mitAkSarAmeM bhI 'bRhaspatikA' likhA hai| cauthe nambarakA vAkya 'pracetAH' nAmake eka hindU RSikA hai| isake prArambhameM 'pracetA' aisA nAma bhI diyA hai| parantu mAlUma hotA hai ki trivarNAcArake kartAkI samajhameM yaha koI nAma nahIM AyA hai aura isa lie usane isa 'pracetA:' ko bhI vAkyake antargata koI zabda sama jhakara jyoM kA tyoM rahane diyA hai / isa vAkyakA antima bhAga, 'mRte catvijI...' mitAkSarAmeM 'pracetAke' nAmase ullikhita hai| pA~caveM namba-. rakA vAkya vasiSTha RSikA vacana hai| isake antameM 'dharmoM vyavasthitaH' itanA pada aura thA jisake sthAnameM 'gautamaH' banAyA hai / mitAkSaroM meM bhI isako vasiSThakA hI vacana likhA hai| (gha) eka sthAnapara 'zrIsamantabhadraH' aisA likhakara nimna likhita do zloka diye haiM: "pretIbhUtaM tu yaH zUdraM brAhmaNo jJAnadurvalaH / anugacchenIyamAnaM sa trirAtreNa zuddhayati / trirAtre tu tatazcIrNe nadIM gatvA samudragAm / prANAyAmazataM kRtvA ghRtaM prAzya vizuddhayati / " ye donoM zloka parAzara RSike haiM aura pArAzarasmRti' meM . nambara 47 aura 48 para darja haiN| mitAkSarAmeM bhI inakA parAzarake 1.yaha zloka mitAkSarAmeM bhI aMgirA RSikA likhA hai| vahA~. 'yadi ' zabdake . sthAnameM 'atha' diyA hai|

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any-priikssaa| nAmase ullekha hai| trivarNAcArake kartAkA inheM zrIsamaMtabhadrasvAmIka vatalAnA nirI dhUrtatA hai| (Ga) isI prakaraNameM eka sthAna para, 'vizeSamAhAkalaMkaH aisA * likhakara, ye do zloka diye haiM: " vRddhaH zaucakriyAluptaH prtyaakhyaatbhisskriyH| . AtmAnaM ghAtayedyastu bhRgvagnyazanAmbubhiH / / tasya trirAtramAzaucaM dvitIye tvsthisNcyH|. tRtIye tUdakaM kRtvA caturthe zrAddhamAcaret // " ye donoM zloka 'atri RSike haiM aura 'atrismRti meM nambara 214 aura 215 para darja haiN| ina zlokoMmeM likhA hai ki 'yadi koI vRddha puruSa jise zaucAzaucakA kucha jJAna na rahA ho aura vaidyAne mI jisakI cikitsA karanI chor3a dI ho, girane yA animeM praveza karane Adike dvArA, AtmaghAta karake mara jAya to usake maranekA Azauca sirpha tIna dinakA hogaa| dUsare hI dina usakI haDDiyA~kA saMcaya karanA cAhie aura tIsare dina jaladAna kriyA karake cauthe dina zrAddha karanA caahie|' jinasenatrivarNAcArakA karttA hindUdharmake ina vacanoMko zrIakalaMka svAmIke batalAtA hai, yaha kitanA ghosA hai !! isI prakAra aura bahutase sthAnoM para hindu RSiyoMkI jagahaM gautama aura samaMtabhadrAdike nAmoMkA parivartana karake logoMko dhokhA diyA gayA hai| (4) pahale yaha pragaTa kiyA jA cukA hai ki hinduoMke jyotiSagraMthoMmeM 'muhUrtacintAmaNi' nAmakA eka graMtha hai aura usa graMtha para 'pramitAkSarA' aura 'pIyUSadhArA' nAmakI do saMskRta 1 atrismRtimeM 'niyAluptaH' ke sthAnameM 'smRtelRptaH ' diyA hai|

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jinsen-trivrnnaacaar| dIkAyeM haiM / jinasenatrivarNAcArameM isa muhUrtAcantAmANi graMtha aura usa-. kI TIkAoMse bahutasA gadyapadya uThAkara jyoMkA tyoM rakkhA gayA hai| isa gadyapadyako uThAkara rakhanemeM bhI usI prakArakI dhUrtatA aura cAlA-. kIse kAma liyA gayA hai jisakA digdarzana pAThakoMko Upara karAyAM gayA hai| arthAt jinasenatrivarNAcArake banAnevAlene kahIM bhI yaha pragaTa nahIM kiyA ki usane yaha kathana 'muhUrtacintAmaNi' yA usakI 'TIkAoMse liyA hai / pratyuta isa bAtakI barAbara ceSTA kI hai ki yaha saba kathana jainAcAryoMkA hI samajhA jAya / yahI kAraNa hai ki usane aneka sthAnoM para hindU RSiyoMke nAmoMko jainAcAryoMke nAmoMke sAtha badala diyA hai aura kahIM kahIM hindU RSiyoMke nAmakI jagaha 'anyaH' 'anyamataM ' yA 'aparamataM' bhI banA diyA hai jisase yaha bhI usI sisasilemeM jainAcAryoMkA hI matavizeSa samajhA jAya / isI prakAra hindUgraMthoMke sthAnameM jainagraMthoMke nAmakA parivartana bhI kiyA hai| isa dhUrtatA aura cAlAkIke bhI kucha thor3ese namUne nIce pragaTa kiye jAte haiM: 1-mumUrtacintAmaNike saMskAra prakaraNameM, TIkAdvArA yaha prastAvanA karate hue ki ' atha prAptakAlatvAdakSarANAmAraMbhamuhUrta paMcacAmarachaMdasAha ' eka padya isa prakAra diyA hai: " gaNezaviSNuvAgramAH prapUjya pNcmaabdke| .. tithau zivArkadigviSaTzaratrike ravAvudak // .. laghuzravo nilAMtyabhAditIza tkssmitrbhe| .. caro na sattanau zizolipigrahaH satAM dine // 37 // " jinasenatrivarNAcArake 12veM parvameM yaha padya uparyukta prastAvanAke sAthahI diyA hai| parantu isa padyako jainamatakA banAneke lie isake pahale. caraNameM 'gaNezaviSNu' ke sthAnameM 'jinezadavi' aisA parivartana kiyA gayA hai aura ramA (lakSmI.) kA pUjana badastUra rakkhA hai|

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anya-parIkSA - 2-muhUrtacintAmaNike isI saMskAraprakaraNake zloka naM. 54 kI 'pramitAkSarA' TIkAmeM tathA ca vasiSThaH aisA likhakara eka padya . isa prakAra diyA hai: "yA caitravaizAkhasitA tRtIyA mAghasya saptamyatha phaalgunsy| kRSNo dvitIyopanaye prazastA proktA bhrdvaajmuniindrmukhyaiH||' jinasena trivarNAcArake 12 veM parvameM, muhUrtacintAmaNike. zloka naM054 ko dekara aura usakI TIkAse kucha gadya padyako nakala karate hue, yaha paya bhI uddhRta kiyA hai / parantu usake uddhRta karanemeM. yaha cAlAkI ki gaI hai ki 'tathA ca vasiSThaH' kI jagaha ' anyaH' aisA zabda banA diyA hai aura antima caraNakA, 'proktA mahAvIragaNezamukhyaiH ' isa rUpameM parivartana kara diyA hai, jisase yaha padya jainamatakA hI nahIM balki mahAvIra svAmI aura gautamagaNadharakA athavA mahAvIrake mukhyagaNadhara gautamasvAmIkA vacana samajhA jaay| 'yahA~ ' tathA ca vasiSThaH' ke sthAnameM 'anyaH' banAnese pAThakagaNa svayaM samajha sakate haiM ki trivarNAcArake kartAkA abhiprAya isa anyaH / zabdase kisI ajaina RSiko sUcita karanekA nahIM thaa| yadi aisA hotA to vaha 'bharadvAjamunIndra' ke sthAnameM 'mahAvIragaNeza' aisA parivartana karanekA kadApi parizrama na uThAtA / isI prakAra usane aura sthAnoM para bhI ' anyaH,' 'anyamataM' yA 'aparamataM banAyA hai| 3-uparyukta zloka naM0 54 kI vyAkhyA karate hue, 'pramitAkSarA' TIkAmeM, eka sthAnapara 'naimittikA anadhyAyAstu smRtyarthasAre' aisA . likhakara kucha gadya diyA hai / jinasena trivarNAcArameM bhI vaha saba gama jyoMkA tyoM nakala kiyA gayA hai| parantu usase pahale 'naimittikA anadhyAyA bhadrabAhusaMhitAsAre aisA likhA hai arthAt trivarNAcArake kartAne ' smRtyarthasAra ' nAmake eka hindU graMthake sthAnameM 94

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jinasena - trivarNAcAra / 4 bhadravAhusaMhitAsAra ' aisA jainagraMthakA nAma diyA hai / isI prakAra muhUrtAcintAmaNike zloka naM0 39 kI TIkAmeM 'Apastamba gRhyasUtra 'ke havAle se kucha gadya diyA huA hai / jinasena trivarNAcArake 13 veM parva meM vaha gadya jyoMkA tyoM nakula kiyA gayA hai parantu 'ApastambagRhyasUtra' ke sthAnameM ' upAsakAdhyayanasAra ' aisA nAma badalakara rakkhA hai / 4- mUhUrtacintAmaNi ( saMskAra prakaraNa ) ke zloka naM0 40 kI TIkAmeM nAradake havAlese yaha vAkya diyA hai: "" nAradena yatsatabhItrayodazyAH prAzastyamuktaM tadvasaMtAbhiprAyeNeti jJeyam " | jinasena trivarNAcArake 13 veM parvameM yaha vAkya jyoMkA tyoM nakula kiyA gayA hai / parantu 'nAradena' ke sthAnameM ' bhadrabAhunA' banAkara isako bhI bhadrabAhusvAmIkA pragaTa kiyA gayA hai / isa vAkyake pazcAt, jinasena trivarNAcArameM, TIkAke anusAra eka 'uktaM ca' iloka dekara ( jo nAradakA vacana hai) aura ' bhadrabAhusaMhitAyAM galagrahAstithayaH aisA likhakara nimna likhita zloka aura kucha geya diyA hai: ? 88 kRSNapakSe caturthAta saptamyAdi dinatrayaM / caturdazI catuSkaM ca aSTAvete galagrahAH / " yaha zloka aura isase AgekA gadya donoM vasiSTha RSike vacana haiM, aisA TIkAmeM likhA hai / parantu trivarNAcArake kartAne inheM vasiSThake sthAnameM 'bhadrabAhusaMhitA' kA batalAyA hai aura gadyake antameM TIkAke anusAra jo 'saditi vasiSThoktaH ' aisA naqala karake rakkhA hai usakA use kucha bhI qhayAla nahIM rahA / 5- muhUrtacintAmaNi ( saMskAra pra0 ) ke zloka naM0 44 kI donoM TIkAoM meM nimna likhita zloka kramazaH nArada aura vasiSThake havAlese diye haiM: 95

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grnth-priikssaa| .. "zAkhAdhipativArazca zAkhAdhipavalaM zizoH / zAkhAdhipatilagnaM ca tritayaM durlabhaM vrte|| zAkhezaguruzukrANAM mauDhye bAlye ca vArdhake / naivopanayanaM kArya varNeze durvale sati // " jinasena trivarNAcArake 133 parvameM ina donoM zlokoMko nAradAdike sthAnameM 'gautamaH likhakara gautamasvAmIkA banA diyA hai| trivarNAcArake kartAko 'gautama' yaha nAma kucha aisA priya thA ki usane jagaha jagaha para isakA bahuta hI prayoga kiyA hai| muhUrtacintAmaNike zloka naM042 kI TIkAmeM eka sthAna para yaha vAkya thA ki 'kazyapastUvasthaM lagnasthaM caMdraM sadaiva nyaSedhIt ' isa vAkyameM bhI kazyapa RSike sthAnameM 'gautama badalakara trivarNAcArake karttAne 'gautamastUvasthaM caMdra sadaiva nyaSedhItaM, aisA vanA diyA hai / isI prakAra muhUrtacintAmaNike zloka naM0 46,51 aura 53 kI TIkAoMmeM kucha zloka nAradake havAlese the unheM bhI nakala karate samaya jinasenatrivarNAcArameM gautamake banA diyA hai| 6-muhUrtacintAmaNimeM zloka naM0 44 kI TIkAko prAraMbha karate hue eka sthAna para likhA hai ki:-- "yathA guruH RgvedinAmIzo'to guruvAre gurulagne dhana mInAkhye guruvale ca satyupanayanaM zubham / " jinasenatrivarNAcArake 1veM parvameM bhI yaha vAkya isI prakArase uparyukta zlokakI TIkAko prAraMbha karate hue diyA hai / parantu 'RgvedinAmIzaH' ke sthAnameM 'prathamAnuyoginAmIzaH' aisA badala kara rakkhA gayA hai| isI prakAra anya sthAnoM para bhI jahA~ TIkAmeM hinduvedoMke nAma Aye haiM jinasenatrivarNAcArameM unake sthAnameM jainamatake anuyogoMke nAma banA diye haiN|

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jinasena - trivarNAcAra / (7) 'kezAMta samAvartana' muhUrtakA varNana karate hue, muhUrtacintAmaNike zloka naM0 60 kI ' pramitAkSarA ' TIkAmeM AzvalAyana RSike havAlese eka zloka diyA hai aura usake Age phira kucha gaya likhA hai / vaha zloka aura gayakA kucha aMza isa prakAra hai: " prathamaM syAnmahAnAmnI dvitIyaM ca mahAvratam / tRtIyaM syAdupaniSadgodAnAkhyaM tataH param // atra jAtAdhikArAdgodAnaM janmAdyake tu poDaze iti vRttikAravacanAt trayodaze mahAnAmnyAdi bhavaMti / trayodaze mahAnAmnI catudeze mahAvrataM paMcadaze upanipavrataM poDaze godAnamiti / evaM kSatriya... // " jinasenatrivarNAcArake 13 ve parvameM yaha saba gadya padya jyoMkA tyoM nakala kiyA gayA hai / parantu uparyukta zlokase pahale 'AzvalAyana ' ke sthAnameM 'zrIbhadrabAhu ' banA diyA hai| isa gadya padyameM jina mahAnAmnI aura upaniSad Adi vratoMke anuSThAnakA varNana kiyA gayA hai. ve saba hindU matake vrata haiM; jainamatake nahIM / isa lie yaha kathana jainAcArya zrIbhadrabAhu svAmIkA nahIM ho sakatA / jinasena trivarNAcArake banAnevAlene, isa prakAra, bahutase prakaraNoMko hindUdharmake graMthoMse uThAkara rakhane aura unheM jainamatake pragaTa karanemeM, bar3I hI dhUrtatA aura dhRSTatAse kAma liyA hai / usakA yaha kRtya bar3I hI ghRNAkI dRSTise dekhe jAne yogya hai / [ 3] aba yahA~para, saMkSepameM, dharmaviruddha kathanoMke kucha vizeSa namUne dikhalAye jAte haiM / jisase jainiyoMkI aura bhI kucha thor3I bahuta A~kheM khuleM aura unheM aise jAlI grathoMko apane bhaMDAroMse alaga karanekI sadbuddhi prApta ho: E 97

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grantha- parIkSA | 1 - miTTIkI stuti aura usase prArthanA / jinasenatrivarNAcArake cauthe patra meM, mRtikA snAna ke sambandhameM, nimnalikhita zloka diye haiM: " zuddhatIrthasamutpannA mRttikA paramAdbhutA / sarvapApaharA zreSTA sarvamAMgalyadAyinI // siddhakSetreSu saMjAtA gaMgAkUle samudbhavA / mRttike hara ne pApa yanmayA pUrvasaMcitam // anAdinidhanA devI sarvakalyANakAriNI / 'puNyasasyAdijananI sukhasaubhAgyavarddhinI // " ina zlokoMmeM gaMgA Adi nadiyoMke kinArekI miTTIkI stuti kI gaI hai| aura use sarva pApoMkI haranevAlI, samasta maMgaloMke denevAlI, sampUrNa kalyANoMkI karanevAlI, puNyako upajAnevAlI, aura sukhasaubhAgyako - bar3hAnevAlI, anAdinidhanA devI batalAyA hai / dUsare zlokameM usase yaha prArthanA kI gaI hai ki ' hai miTTI, tU mere pUrvasaMcita pApoM ko dUra kara de, yaha saba kathana jainadharmase asaMbaddha hai, aura hindU dharmake grathoMse liyA.. huA mAlUma hotA hai| jainasiddhAntake anusAra miTTI pApoMko haranevAlI nahIM hai aura na koI aisI caitanyazakti hai jisase prArthanA kI jAya / hindUdharmameM miTTIkI aisI pratiSThA avazya hai / hinduoMke vahnipurANa meM snAna ke samaya mRttikAlepanakA vidhAna karate hue, miTTIse yahI pApoMka haranekI prArthanA kI gaI hai| jaisA ki nimnalikhita zlokoMse pragaTa haiM: - " uddhRtAsi varAheNa kRSNenAmitavAhunA / mRttike hara me pApaM yanmayA pUrvasaMcitam // mRttike jahi me pApaM yanmayA duSkRtaM kRtam / tvayA hRtena pApena brahmalokaM vrajAmyaham // "'* 66 * dekho, zabdakalpadruma kozameM 'mRttikA' zabda ' Ta

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jinsen-trivrnnaacaar| -- vahipurANake ina zlokoMmeMse pahale zlokakA uttarArdha aura jinasena-. trivarNAcArake, Upara uddhRta kiye hue, dUsare zlokakA uttarArdha, ye donoM eka hI haiN| isase aura bhI spaSTa hai ki yaha kathana hiMdUdharmase liyA gayA he / jainiyoMke ArSa graMthoMmeM kahIM bhI aisA kathana nahIM hai| 2-gomUtrase snAna / jinasenatrivarNAcArameM, Upara uddhRta kiye hue tIsare zlokakai anantara, paMcagavyase arthAt gomUtrAdise snAna karanA likhA hai aura phira sUryake sAmane khar3A hokara zarIrazuddhi snAnakA vidhAna kiyA hai / isake pazcAt sirapara pAnIke chIMTe deneke kucha maMtra likhakara saMdhyAbandana karanA aura usake bAda sUryakI upAsanA karanI cAhie, aisA likhA hai| yathAH " nimajjyonmajyAcamya amRte amRtodbhave paMcagavyasnAnaM sUryAbhimukhaM sthitvA zarIra zuddhisnAnaM kuryAt |......sNdhyaavndnaanntrN sUryopasthApanaM kartavyam / " aura bhI kaI sthAnoMpara paMcagavyase snAna karanekA vidhAna kiyA hai| eka sthAnapara, isI parvameM, nityasnInake lie gaMgAdi nadiyoMke kinAre para paMcagavyAdike grahaNa karanekA upadeza diyA hai / yethAH-- "athAto nityasnAnArthaM gaMgAdimahAnadInadArNavatIre paMcagavyAdikuzatilAkSatatIrthamRttikA gRhItvA......" yaha saba kathana bhI hindUdharmakA hai| hinduoMke yahA~ hI gomaya aura gomUtrakA bahuta bar3A mAhAtmya hai / ve inheM parama pavitra mAnate haiM aura inase snAna karanA to kyA, iMnakA bhakSaNaM taka karate haiN| unake vArAhapurANameM paMcagavyake bhakSaNase tatkSaNa janmabharake pApoMse chUTanA likhA hai / yathAH 1 gokA mUtra, govara, ghI, dUdha aura dahIko 'paMcaganya' kahate hai|

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anth-priikssaa| "gozakRdviguNaM mUtraM payaH syAttaccaturguNam / . dhRtaM tadviguNaM proktaM paMcagavye tathA ddhi| saumye muhUrte. saMyukta paMcagavyaM tu yaH pibet / . . yAvajjIvakRtAtpApAt tatkSaNAdeva mucyate // " * . . . gomayako, unake yahAM, sAkSAt yamunA aura gomUtrako narmadA tIrtha varNana kiyA hai+ / viSNudharmottarameM gomUtrake snAnase saba pApoMkA nAza honA likhA hai / yathAH gomUtreNa ca yatsnAnaM srvaadhvinisuudnm|' __ isI prakAra sUryopasthApanAdika UparakA sArA kathana hinduoMke aneka graMthoMmeM pAyA jAtA hai| jainadharmase isa kathanakA koI sambandha nahIM milatA, na jainiyoMke ArSa graMthoMmeM aisA vidhi vidhAna pAyA jAtA hai aura na jainiyoMkI pravRtti hI isa rUpa dekhanemeM AtI hai| - 3-nadiyoMkA pUjana aura stvnaadik| jinasenatrivarNAcArake cauthe parvameM, eka bAra hI nahIM kintu do bAra, gaMgAdika nadiyoMko tIrthadevatA aura dharmatIrtha varNana kiyA hai aura sAtha hI unheM argha car3hAkara unake pUjana karanekA vidhAna likhA hai| ardha car3hAte samaya nadiyoMkI stutimeM jo zloka diye haiM, unameMse kucha.. zloka isa prakAra haiM: ... " padmahadasamudbhUtA gaMgA nAmnI mhaandii| . . . .: smaraNAjjAyate puNyaM muktilokaM ca gacchati // . . . ...kesarIdrahasaMbhUtA rohitAsyA mhaapgaa| . ... ... tasyAH sparzanamAtreNa sarvapApaM vyapohati // _ * dekho zabdakalpadrumakozameM 'paMcagavya' shbd|' gomayaM yamunAsAkSAt gomUtraM narmadA shubhaa|' :.. . .

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jinsen-trivrnnaacaar| mahApuMDahadodbhUtA harikAntA mhaapgaa| suvarNApradAnena sukhamApnoti mAnavaH / rukmI (1) zikharisaMbhUtA nArI srotasvinI shubhaa| svarNasteyAdijAn pApAna dhyAnAcaiva vinshyti|| rukmiNAgirisaMbhUtA narakAntA susevanAt / pAtakAni praNazyati tamaH sUryodaye yathA // aneka hRdasaMbhUtA nadyaH saagrsNyutaaH| muktisaubhAgyadAvyazca sarve tIrthAdhidevatAH // " ina zlokoMmeM likhA hai ki-gaMgAnadIke smaraNase puNyakI prApti . hotI hai aura smaraNa karanevAlA muktilokako calA jAtA hai; rohitAsyA nadIke sparzanamAtrase saba pApa dUra ho jAte haiM; harikAntA nadIko suvarNA denese sukhakI prApti hotI hai; nArI nadIke dhyAnase hI corI Adise utpanna hue saba pApa naSTa ho jAte haiM; narakAntA nadIkI sevA karanese sarva pApa isa taraha nAza ho jAte haiM jisa taraha ki sUryake sanmukha aMdhakAra vilaya jAtA hai, aura antima vAkya yaha hai ki aneka drahoMse utpanna honevAlI aura. samudrameM jA milanevAlI athavA samudrasahita sabhI nadiyA~ tIrtha devatA haiM aura sabhI mukti tathA saubhAgyakI denevAlI haiN| isa prakAra nadiyoMke smaraNa, dhyAna, sparzana yA sevanase saba sukha saubhAgya aura muktikA milanA tathA sampUrNa pApoMkA nAza honA varNana kiyA hai / ina zlokoM tathA ardhoke caDhAneke bAda snAnakA eka 'saMkalpa' diyA hai| usameM bhI mana, vacana, kAyase utpanna honevAle samasta pApoM aura saMpUrNa ariToMko nAza karaneke lie tathA sarva kAryoMkI siddhike nimitta devabrAhmaNake sanmukha nadI tIrthameM nAna karanA likhA hai / yathAH

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any-priikssaa| ........puNyatithau sarvAriSTavinAzanArtha zAMtikapauSTikAdi sakalakarmasiddhisAdhanayaMtra-maMtra-taMtra-vidyAprabhAvakasiddhisAdhakaMsaMsiddhinimittaM kAyikavAcikamAnasikacaturvidhapApakSayArthaM '. devabrAhmaNasannidhau dehazuyartha sarvapApakSayArtha amukatIrtha snAnavidhinA snAnamahaM kariSye // " : 'saha saba kathana jainamatake bilakula viruddha hai| jainadharmameM na nadi- . yoMko 'dharmatIrtha' mAnA hai aura na 'tiirthdevtaa| jainasiddhAntake anusAra . : nadiyoMmeM snAna karane yA nadiyoMkA dhyAnAdika karane mAtrase pApoMkA . .. nAza nahIM ho sakatA / pApoMkA nAza karanake lie vahA~ sAmAyika, pratikramaNa, dhyAna aura tapazcaraNAdika kucha dUsare hI upAyoMkA varNana hai| vAstavameM, ye saba bAteM hindUdharmakI haiM / nadiyoMmeM aisI adbhuta 'zaktikI kalpanA unhIMke yahA~ kI gaI hai / aura isIlie harasAla lAkhoM hindU bhAI dUra dUrase apanAbahutasA dravya kharca karake haridvArAdi tIrthopara snAnake lie jAte haiN| hinduoMke 'Ahnika sUtrAvAvali' nAmake graMthameM hemAdrikRta eka lambA cauDA snAnakA 'saMkalpa' diyA hai / isa saMkalpameM bar3I tafasIlake sAtha, gadyapadya dvArA, una pApoMko dikhalAyA haiM jinako gaMgAdika nadiyA~ dUra kara sakatI haiM aura jinake dUra karanekI snAnake samaya unase prArthanA kI jAtI hai| zAyada hI koI pApakA bheda aisA rahA ho jisakA nAma isa saMkalpameM na AyA ho / pAThakoMke. . avalokanArtha yahA~ usakA kucha aMza uddhRta kiyA jAtA hai:... . " rAgadveSAdijanitaM kAmakrodhena ytkRtm| * hiMsAnidrAdijaM pApaM bhedadRSTyA ca yanmayAM // ... .1 amAvAsyA tathA zrAvaNakI paurNamAtIko isI parva meM puNyatithi: likhA hai| . aura unameM snAnakI preraNA kI hai| ... 102

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jinsen-trivrnnaacaar| - parakAryApaharaNaM paradravyopajIvanam / tato'jJAnakRtaM vApi kAyikaM vAcikaM tathA // mAnasaM trividhaM pApaM prAyazcittairanAzitam / tasmAdazepa pApebhyastrAhi trailokyapAvani // " " ...ityAdi prakIrNapAtakAnAM etatkAlaparyaMtaM saMcitAnAM laghusthUlasUkSmANAM ca niHzepaparihArArtha...devabrAhmaNasavitAsUryanArAyaNasanidho gaMgAbhAgIrathyAM amuka tIrthe cA pravAhAbhimukhaM snAnamahaM kariSye // " isase sApha jAhira hai ki trivarNAcArakA yaha saba kathana hindUdhamakA kathana hai / hindudharmake graMthoMse, kucha nAmAdikakA parivartana karake, liyA gayA hai / aura ise jabaradastI jaina matakI pozAka pahanAI gaI hai| parantu jisa taraha para siMhakI khAla or3hanese koI gIdaDa siMha nahIM bana sakatA, usI taraha isa snAnaprakaraNameM kahIM kahIM arhantAdikakA nAma tathA jainamatakI 14 nadiyoMkA sUtrAdika de denase yaha kathana janamatakA nahIM ho sktaa| jainiyoMke prasiddha AcArya zrIsamantabhadrasvAmI nadIsamudroMmeM, isa prakAra dharmabuddhise, snAna karanekA niSedha karate haiN| aura use sApha taura para lokamUDhatA batalAte haiM / yathAH "ApagAsAgarasnAnamuccayaH sikatAzmanAm / - giripAtognipAtazca lokamUDhaM nigadyate // " -rtnkrnnddshraavkaacaarH| siddhAntasAra graMthameM pRthvI, agni, jala aura pippalAdikako devatA mAnanevAloM para kheda prakaTa kiyA gayA hai / yathAH "pRthivIM jvalanaM toyaM dehalI pippalAdikAn / devatAtvena manyate ye te cintyA vipazcitA // 44 // " 103

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grnth-priikssaa| . isIprakAra jaina zAstroMmeM bahutase pramANa maujUda haiM, jo yahA~ anAvazyaka samajhakara chor3e jAte haiN| aura jinase sAfa pragaTa hai ki, nanadiyA~ dharmatIrtha haiM, na tIrthadevatA aura na unameM snAna karanese : pApoMkA nAza ho sakatA hai. / isa lie trivarNAcArakA yaha saba. kathana jainamatake viruddha hai| 4-pitarAdikoMkA trpnn| * hinduoMke yahA~, snAnakA aMgasvarUpa, tarpaNa' nAmakA eka nityakarma varNana kiyA hai / pitarAdikoMko pAnI yA tilodaka (tiloMke sAtha pAnI) Adi dekara unakI tRpti kI jAtI hai, isIkA nAma tarpaNa hai| tarpaNake jalakI deva aura pitaragaNa icchA rakhate haiM, usako grahaNa karate haiM aura usase tRpta hote haiM; aisA unakA siddhAnta hai| yadi koI manuSya nAstikya bhAvase, arthAt yaha samajhakara ki 'deva pitaroMko jalAdika nahIM pahu~ca sakatA' tarpaNa nahIM karatA hai to jalake icchuka pitara usake dehakA rudhira pIte haiM; aisA unake yahA~ yogiyAjJavalkyakA vacana hai| yathAH- . "nAstikyabhAvAd yazcApi na tarpayati vai sutH| , ... pibanti deharudhiraM pitaro vai jalArthinaH // " jinasenatrivarNAcAra (caturthaparva ) meM bhI snAnake bAda tarpaNa' ko nitya karma varNana kiyA hai aura usakA saba Azaya aura abhiprAya prAyaH vahI rakkhA hai, jo hinduoMkA siddhAnta hai / arthAt yaha pragaTa kiyA hai ki pitarAdikako pAnI yA tilodakAdi dekara unakI tRpti karanA caahie| tarpaNake jalakI deva pitaragaNa icchA rakhate haiM, usako grahaNa karate haiM aura usase tRpta hote haiM jaisA ki nIce likhe vAkyoMse pragaTa hai:.. " asaMskArAzca ye kecijalAzAH pitaraH surAH / . ... teSAM saMtoSatRptyarthaM dIyate salilaM mayA // " . 104

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jinasena - trivarNAcAra / arthAt - jo koI pitara saMskAravihIna mare hoM, jalakI icchA rakhate hoM aura jo koI deva jalakI icchA rakhate hoM, una sabake saMtoSa aura tRptike lie maiM pAnI detA hU~ arthAt tarpaNa karatA hU~ / "upaghAtApaghAtAbhyAM ye mRtA vRddhavAlakAH yuvAnaJcAmagarbhAzca teSAM toyaM dadAmyaham // " arthAt - jo koI cUDhe, bAlaka, javAna aura garbhastha jIva upaghAta yA apaghAtase mare hoM, maiM una sabako pAnI detA hU~ / ""ye pitRmAtRdvayavaMzajAtAH gurusvasRbaMdhU ca vAndhavAzca / ye luptakarmAthi sutA dvArAH pazavastathA lopagatakriyAzca // ye paMgavazcAndhavirUpagarbhAH AmacyutA jJAtikule madIye / ApoDazAdvA (1) yavaMzajAtAH, mitrANi ziSyAH sutasevakAJca // pazuvRkSAya ye jIvA ye ca janmAntaraMgatAH / te sarve vRttimAyAntu svadhAtoyaM dadAmyaham // " inameM una sabako tarpaNa kiyA gayA hai jo pitRvaMza yA mAtRvaMzameM utpanna hue hoM, gurubaMdhu yA sva-baMdhu hoM, luptakarmA hoM, sutA hoM, striyA~ hoM, apanI jAtikulake laMgaDe lUle hoM, aMdhe hoM, virUpa hoM, garbhacyuta hoM, mitra hoM, ziSya hoM, suta hoM, sevaka hoM, pazu hoM, * vRkSa ho aura jo saba janmAMtarako prApta ho cuke hoM / antameM likhA hai ki maiM ina sabako 'svadhA ' zabda pUrvaka pAnI detA hU~ / ye saba tRptiko prApta hoo| :. "asmadgotre ca vaMze ca ye kecana mama hastajalasya vAMchAM kurvati tebhyastilodakena tRpyatAM namaH / " arthAta- hamAre gotra aura vaMzameM jo koI mere hAthake pAnIkI vAMchA karate hoM, maiM una sabako tilodakase tRpta karatA hU~ aura nama - skAra karatA hU~ / 105

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grantha- parIkSA | " " kecidasmatkule jAtA aputrA vyaMtarAH surAH / te gRhantu mayA dattaM vastranippIDanodakam // 13 // " arthAt - hamAre kulameMse jo koI putrahIna manuSya marakara vyaMtara. jAtike deva hue hoM, unheM maiM dhotI Adi vastrase nicor3A huA pAnI detA hU~, ve use grahaNa kreN| yaha tarpaNake bAda dhotI nicor3anekA maMtra hai * / isake bAda ' zarIrake aMgoMparase hAtha yA vastrase pAnI nahIM poMchanA cAhie, nahIM to punaH snAna karanese zuddhi hogI ' aisA vidhAna karake usake kAraNoMko batalAte hue likhA hai ki-- ' " tisraH koTyordhakoTI ca yAvadromANi mAnuSe / vasanta tAvatIrthAni tasmAnna parimArjayet // 17 // pivanti ziraso devAH pivanti pitaro mukhAt / madhyAcca yakSagaMdharvA adhastAtsarvajantavaH // 18 // arthAt -- manuSyake zarIra meM jo sAr3he tIna karor3a roma haiM, utane hI tIrtha haiN| dUsare, zarIra para jo snAna jala rahatA hai use mastaka parasa deva, mukhaparase pitara, zarIrake madhyabhAga parase yakSa gaMdharva aura nIceke bhAga parase anya saba jantu pIte haiM / isa lie zarIrake aMgoMko poMchanA nahIM cAhiye / jainasiddhAntase jina pAThakoMkA kucha bhI paricaya hai, ve Uparake isa kathanase bhaleprakAra samajha sakate haiM ki, trivarNAcArakA yaha tarpaNaviSayaka kathana kitanA jainadharmake viruddha hai / jainasiddhAnta ke anusAra na to * hinduoMke yahAM isase milatA julatA maMtra isa prakAra hai:" ye ke cAsmatkule jAtA aputrA gotrajA mRtAH / te gRhNantu mayA dattaM vastranippIDanodakam // " - smRtiratnAkaraH / 106

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jinsen-trivrnnaacaar| deva pitaragaNa pAnIke lie bhaTakate yA mAre mAre phirate haiN| aura na tarpaNake jalakI icchA rakhate yA usako pAkara tRpta aura saMtuSTa hote haiN| isI prakAra na ve kisIkI dhotI AdikA nicor3A huA pAnI grahaNa karate haiM aura na kisIke zarIra parase snAnajalako pIte haiN| ye saba hindUdharmakI kriyAyeM aura kalpanAe~ haiM / hinduoMke yahA~ sAfa likhA hai ki, jaba koI manuSya snAnake lie jAtA hai, taba pyAsase vihvala hue deva aura pitaragaNa, pAnIkI icchAse vAyukA rUpa dhAraNa karake, usake pIche pIche jAte haiN| aura yadi vaha manuSya snAna karake vastra (dhotI Adi) nicor3a detA hai to ve deva pitara nirAza hokara lauTa Ate haiM / isaliye tarpaNake pazcAt vastra nicor3anA cAhie, pahale nhiiN| jaisA ki nimna likhita vacanase pragaTa hai: " snAnArthamabhigacchantaM devAH pitRgaNaiH saha / vAyubhUtAstu gacchanti tRpArtAH salilArthinaH // " "nirAzAste nivartante vastraniSpIDane kRte| atastarpaNAnantarameva vastraM niSpIDayet // " -smRtiratnAkare vRddhavasiSThaH " / parantu jainiyoMkA aisA siddhAnta nahIM hai / jainiyoMke yahA~ maraneke pazcAt samasta saMsArI jIva apane apane zubhAzubha karmoM ke anusAra deva, . manuSya, naraka aura tiryaMca, ina cAra gatiyoM se kisI na kisI gatimeM avazya cale jAte haiM / aura adhikase adhika tIna samaya taka 'nirAhAraka' raha kara turanta dUsarA zarIra dhAraNa kara lete haiM / ina cAroM gatiyoMse alaga pitaroMkI koI nirAlI gati nahIM hotI, jahA~ ve bilakula parAvalambI hue asaMkhyAta yA ananta kAlataka par3e rahate hoN| manuSyagatimeM jisa taraha para vartamAna manuSya kisIke tarpaNajalako pIte 107

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grnth-priikssaa| . . nahIM phirate usI taraha para koI bhI pitara kisI bhI gatimeM jAkara tarpa- - *Nake jalakI icchAse vihvala huA usake pIche mArA mArA nahIM phiratA / pratyeka gatimeM jIvoMkA AhAravihAra, unakI usa gati, sthiti aura dezakAlake anusAra hotA hai| isa taraha para trivarNAcArakA yaha saba kathana jainadharmake viruddha hai aura kadApi jainiyoMdvArA mAne jAneke yogya nahIM ho sakatA / astu / tarpaNakA yaha sampUrNa viSaya bahuta lambA caur3A hai / "trivarNAcArakA kartA isa dhArmaviruddha tarpaNako karate karate bahuta dUra nikala gayA hai / usane tIrthaMkaroM, kevaliyoM, gaNadharoM, RSiyoM, bhavana-vAsI, vyantara, jyotiSka aura vaimAnika devoM, kAlI Adi deviyoM, 14 kulakaroM, kulakaroMkI striyoM, thikaroke mAtApitAoM, cAra pITItaka svamAtApitAdikoM, tIrthakaroMko AhAra denevAloM, tIrthaMkaroMke vaMzoM, 12 cakravartiyoM, 9 nArAyaNoM, 9 pratinArAyaNoM, 9 balibhadroM, 9 nAradoM, mahAdevAdi 11 rudroM, ityAdiko, alaga alaga nAma lekara, pAnI diyA hai| itanA hI nahIM, balki nadiyoM, samudroM, jaMgaloM, pahADoM, nagaroM, dvIpoM, vedoM, vedAMgoM, kAloM, mahInoM, RtuoM aura vRkSoMko bhI, unake alaga alaga nAmoMkA uccAraNa karake, pAnI diyA hai| hinduoMke yahA~ bhI aisA hI hotA hai| arthAt ve nArAyaNa aura rudrAdi devoMke sAtha nadiyoM samudroM AdikA bhI tarpaNa karate haiN| 1. RSiyoMke tarpaNameM hinduoMkI taraha 'purANAcArya' kA bhI tapaNa kiyA hai / aura hinduoMke 'itarAcArya' ke sthAnameM 'navInAcArya' kA tarpaNa kiyA hai| jaisA ki kAtyAyana pariziSTa sUtrake nimna likhita eka aMzase pragaTa hai:__"tatastarpayedbrahmANaM pUrva viSNuM rudra prajApati devAMzchedAMsi vedAntRSInpurANA. cAryAngandharvAnitarAcAryAnsaMvatsaraM sAvayava devIrapsaraso devAnugAnAgAsAgarAnparvatAn sarito manuSyAnyakSAn rakSAMsi pizAcAnsuparNAn bhUtAni pazUnvanaspatInauSadhIbhUtaprAmazcaturvidhastRpyatAmityoMkArapUrvam / " 108

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jinsen-trivrnnaacaar| unake yahA~ devatAoMkA kucha ThikAnA nahIM hai / ve nadI-samudroM Adiko bhI devatA mAnate haiM / parantu mAlUma nahIM ki, trivarNAcArake kartAne ina nadyAdikoMko devatA samajhA hai, RSi samajhA hai yA pitara samajhA hai / athavA kucha bhI na samajhakara 'nakalameM akalako dakhala nahIM' isa lokokti para amala kiyA hai / kucha bhI ho, isameM saMdeha nahIM ki, trivarNAcArake kartAne hindUdharmake isa tarpaNasiddhAntako pasaMda kiyA hai aura use jainiyoMmeM, jaina tIrthaMkarAdikoMke nAmAdikA lAlacarUpI raMga dekara, calAnA cAhA hai / parantu Akhira mulammA mulammA hI hotA hai| eka na eka dina asaliyata khule vinA nahIM rhtii| 5-pitarAdikoMkA zrAddha / jinasenatrivarNAcArake cauthe parvameM tarpaNakI taraha 'zrAddha' kA bhI .eka viSaya diyA hai aura ise bhI hindudharmase udhAra lekara rakkhA hai| pitaroMkA uddezya karake diyA huA annAdika pitaroMke pAsa pahu~ca jAtA hai, aisI zraddhAse zAstrokta vidhike sAtha jo annAdika diyA jAtA hai usakA nAma zrAddha hai| hinduoMke yahA~ tarpaNa aura zrAddha, ye donoM viSaya karIva karIba eka hI siddhAnta para avasthita haiN| donoMko 'pitRyajJa' kahate haiM / bheda sirpha itanA hai ki tarpaNameM aMjalise jala chor3A jAtA hai; kisI brAhmaNAdikako pilAyA nahIM jaataa| deva-pitaragaNa use sIdhA grahaNa kara lete haiM aura tRpta ho jAte haiN| ___ * zrAddhaH-zAstrokavidhAnena pitRkarma ityamaraH / pitruddezyakaM zraddhayAnAdi dAnam / 'zraddhayA dIyate yasmAt zrAddha tena nigadyate' iti pulastyavacanAt zraddhayA bhannAderdAnaM zrAddhaM iti vaidikaprayogAdhInayaugikam / iti zrAddhatattvam / api ca samvodhanapadopanItAn pitrAdIn caturthyantapadenoddizya havityAgaH zrAddham / . -shbdklpdrumH| 109

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grnth-priikssaa| parantu zrAddhameM brAhmaNoMko bhojana khilAyA jAtA hai yA 'sUkhA annAdika diyA jAtA hai| aura jisaprakAra 'laiTara baksa' meM DAlI huI ciTThI dUradezAntaroMmeM pahu~ca jAtI hai, usI prakAra brAhmaNoMke peTameMse vaha bhojana deva-pitaroMke pAsa pahu~cakara unakI tRpti kara detA hai / isake sivAya kucha kriyAkAMDakA bhI bheda hai / trivarNAcArake kartAne jaMba deva-pitaroMko pAnI dekara unakA vistArake sAtha tarpaNa kiyA hai, taba vaha zrAddhako kaise chor3a sakatA thA?-pitaroMkI adhUrI tRpti use kaba iSTa ho sakatI thI ?-isalie usane zrAddhako bhI apanAyA hai| aura hinduoMkA zrAddhaviSayaka prAyaH sabhI kriyAkAMDa trivarNAcArameM diyA hai| jaisA ki-zrAddhake nitya, naumittika, daivika, ekataMtra, pArvaNa, anvaSTakA, vRddhi, kSayAha, apara-pakSa, kanyAgata, gajacchAyA aura mahAlayAdi bhedoMkA kathana karanA; zrAddhake avasara para brAhmaNoMkA pUjana karanA; niyukta brAhmaNoMse 'svAgataM,' 'sukhAgataM' ityAdi nirdiSTa praznottarokA kiyA jAnA; tila, kuza aura jala hAthame lekara mAsAdika tathA gotrAdikake uccAraNapUrvaka 'adya mAsottame mAse...' ityAdi saMkalpa bolanA; anvaSTakAdi khAsa khAsa zrAddhoMke sivAya anya zrAddhoMmeM. pitAdikakA sapatnIka zrAddha karanA; anvaSTakAdi zrAddhoMmeM mAtAkA zrAddhaM alaga karanA; nitya zrAddhoMmeM AvAhanAdi nahIM karanA nitya zrAddhako chor3akara anya zrAddhoMmeM : vizvedevauM ' kI bhI zrAddha karanA; vizvedevoMke brAhmaNako pitaroMke brAhmaNoMse alaga biThalAnA; devapAtroM aura pitRpAtroMko alaga alaga rakhanA; rakSAkA vidhAna karanA; aura tila bakheranA; niyukta brAhmaNoMkI ijAjatase vizvedevoM tathA pitA, pitAmahAdika (tIna pIDhI taka ) pitaroMkA alaga alaga AvAhana karanA; vizvedevoM tathA pitaroMko alaga alaga Asana dekara biThalAnA aura unakA alaga alaga pUjana karanA; gaMgA, siMdhu, sarasvatIko argha denA; brAhmaNoM ke hAtha dhulAnA aura 110

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jinasena-trivarNAcAra / unake Age bhAjanake pAtra rakhanA; brAhmaNoMkI AjJAse 'agnau karaNa' karanA; jauM ( yava ) bakheranA; prajApatiko argha denA; amuka deva yA pitarako yaha bhojana mile, aise AzayakA maMtra bolakara niyukta brAhmaNoMko tRptiparyaMta bhojana karAnA; tRptikA praznottara kiyA jAnA; brAhmaNoMse zeSAnako iSToMke sAtha bhojana karanekI ijAjata lenA; bhUmiko lIpakara piMDha denA; Acamana aura prANAyAmakA kiyA jAnA; japa karanA; kabhI janeUko dAhane kaMdhe para aura kabhI vAe~ kaMdhe para DAlanI, jisako 'apasavya' aura 'savya ' honA kahate haiM; AzIrvAdako diyA jAnA; brAhmaNoMse 'svadhA' zabda kahalAnA, aura unako dakSiNA dekara vidA karanA; ityAdi- . ___Uparake isa kriyAkAMDase, pAThakoMko yaha to bhale prakAra mAlUma ho jAyagA ki isa vivarNAcArameM hindUdharmakI kahA~ taka nakala kI gaI hai| parantu itanA aura samajha lenA cAhie ki isa graMthameM hindUdharmake AzaMyaMko lekara kevala kriyAoM hI kI nakala nahIM kI gaI, balki una zabdokI bhI adhikatara nakala kI gaI hai; jina zabdomeM ye kriyAyeM hindudharmaka anyoMmeM pAI jAtI haiN| aura to kyA, bahutase vaidika maMtra bhI jyoMke tyoM hindugraMthoMse uThAkara isameM rakhkhe gaye haiM / nIce jinasenatrivarNAcArase, udAharaNake taura para, kucha vAkya aura maMtra uddhRta kiye jAte haiM; jinase AddhakA Azaya, uddeza, devapitaroMkI tRpti aura nakala vagairahakA hAla aura bhI acchI tarahase pAThakoM para vidita ho jAyagAH__"nityazrAddhe'rthagaMdhAdhairdvijAnacetsvazaktitaH / saMvAnipatRgaNAnsamyak tathaivoddizya yojayet // 1 // ". isa lokameM nityaM zrAddhake samaya brAhmaNoMkA pUjana karanA aura sarva pitaroMko uddezya karake zrAddha karanA likhA hai / isI prakAra dUsare sthAnoM 111

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grantha-parIkSA / para bhI 'brAhmaNaM gaMdhapuSpAyaiH samarcayeta,' asmatpitunimittaM nityazrAdamahaM kariSye, ' ityAdi vacana diye haiN| .. ... ... : " nAvAhanaM svadhAkAraH piMDAgnIkaraNAdikam / . . . . brahmacarcAdiniyamo vizvedevAstathaiva ca // 2 // " ... isa zlokameM una kA~kA ullekha kiyA hai, jo nitya zrAddhameM, varjita haiM / arthAt yaha likhA hai ki nitya zrAddhameM AvAhana, svadhAkAra, piMDadAna, agnaukaraNAdika, brahmacaryAdikA niyama aura vizvedevoMkA zrAddha nahIM kiyA jAtA / yaha zloka hindUdharmase liyA gayA hai / hinduoMke 'Ahnika sUtrAvali ' graMthameM ise vyAsajIkA vacana likhA hai| "dedyAdaharahaH zrAddhamannAdyanodakena vA / . .. . payomUlaphalairvApi pitRbhyaH prItimAvahan // 5 // " arthAt-pitaroMkI prIti prApta karaneke abhilASIko cAhie ki vaha annAdika yA jalase athavA dUdha aura mUla phaloMse nitya zrAddha kre| isase pragaTa hai ki pitaroMke uddezyase zrAddha kiyA jAtA hai aura pita-. ragaNa usase khuza hote haiM / yaha zloka manusmRtike tIsare adhyAyase uThAkara rakkhA gayA hai aura isakA nambara vahA~ 82 hai| " apyekamAzayedvitaM pitRyjnyaarthsiddhye| adaivaM nAsti cedanyo bhoktA bhojyamathApi.vA // 6 // ". . apyuddhRtya yathAzakti kiMcidannaM ythaavidhi| ...... pitRbhyo'tha manuSyebhyo dayAdaharahArdvaje // 7 // .. pitRbhya idamityuktvA svadhAvAcyaMca kaaryevaa8||(puurvaadh)" . 1 maiM apane pitAke nimitta nitya zrAddha karatA huuN| 2 manusmRtimeM dadyAda' ke sthAnameM 'kuryAt ' likhA hai| parantu mitAkSarAdi graMthoMmeM 'dadyAt ' ke sAtha hI isakA ullekha kiyA hai| kAtyAyanasmRtimeM "svadhAkArasuMdIrayet / aisA likhA hai| ... .. ... . 112 . - - -

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jinasena-trivarNAcAra / ye saba vAkya kAtyAyana smRti ( 13 3 khaMDa) ke haiN| vahIMse uThAkara trivarNAcArameM rakkhe gaye haiN| inameM likhA hai ki yadi koI dUsarA brAhmaNa bhojana karanevAlA na mile athavA bhojanakI sAmagrI adhika na ho, to pitRyajJakI siddhike lie kamase kama eka hI brAhmaNako bhojana karA denA caahie| aura yadi itanA bhI na ho sake, to kucha thoDAsA anna pitarAdikoMke vAste brAhmaNakoz2arUra de denA caahie| pitaroMke lie jo diyA jAya usake sAthameM 'pitRbhyaH idaM svadhA,' yaha maMtra bolanA caahie|' " anvaSTakAsu vRdhdau ca sidhdakSetre kSaye'hani / mAtuH zrAdhda pRthakkaryAdanyatra patinA saha // " arthAt-anvaSTakA, vRddhi, siddhakSatra, kSayAha, ina zrAddhoMmeM mAtAkA zrAddha alaga karanA cAhie / dUsare avasasaroM para patike saMga kare / yaha zloka bhI hindUdharmakA hai aura 'mitAkSarA' meM isI prakArase diyA hai| sirpha dUsare caraNameM kucha thoDAsA bheda hai| mitAkSarAmeM 'kSaye'hani' se pUrva 'gayAyAMca' aisA pada diyA hai / aura isake dvArA gayAjImeM jo zrAddha kiyA jAya usako sUcita kiyA hai / trivarNAcArameM isako badalakara isakI jagaha 'siddhakSetre ' banAyA gayA hai| " Agacchantu mahAbhAgA vizvedevA mhaablaaH| ye yatra yojitAH zrAddhe sAvadhAnA bhavantu te // " hinduoMke yahA~, * vizvedevA' nAmake kucha devatA haiM, jinakI * yathA:-"RturdakSo vasuH satyaH kAmaH kAlastathAdhvaniH (dhRtiH)| rocakazvAvAzcaiva tathA cAnye purUravAH // vizvedevA bhavantyete daza sarvatra puujitaaH|" --vahnipurANa / 113

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anya-parIkSA .. khyA.10 hai |jprkaa yaha zloka unhIMke AvAhanakA maMtra hai| mitAkSarAmeM ise vizvedevAke AvAhananA smAta maMtra likhA hai| hindu- . A gAradAdi graMyAmeM bhI yaha maMtra pAyA jAtA hai| jinasenatrivarNA- . cArameM bhI yaha maMtra.vizvadevAke AvAhana meM prayukta kiyA gayA hai| parantu . jarAse parivartanake sAtha / arthAt trivarNAcArameM 'mahAbalAH' ke sthAnameM 'caturdaza? zabda diyA hai / bAnI maMtra badastUra rastA hai / trivarNAcArake ne jainiyoMke 14 kulakarAMne 'divedevA' varNana. kiyA hai / isIlie usakA yaha parivartana mAlUma hotA hai| parantu jainiyAke ArSa graMthAmeM kahIM bhI aitA varNana nahIM pAyA jAtA ! "ArcaraudramRtA ye na jJAtinAM kulsuupnnaaH|. . ucchiSTabhAgaM gRhNantu darbheSu vikirAzanam // . . . agnidagdhAzca ye jIvA ye'pyadagdhAH kule mm| / bhUmau dattena tRpyantu tRptA yAntu parAM gatin // " arthAt-jo koI Ata yA raudra pariNAmoM ke sAtha mare hoM, jAtiyoMke bhUSaNa na hoM arthAt kSudra manuSya hoM ve saba darbhaka Upara DAle hue bhojanake isa ucchiSTa bhAgo grahaNa kro| aura jo mere kulameM amite dagdha hue hoM athavA jino agminA dAha prApta na huA ho ve saba pRthvIpara DAle hue isa bhojanase vRtta hoo aura tata hokara usama gaMtiko prApta hoo / ye donoM zloka piMDa dete samayake maMtra haiN| dUsarA zloka hinduoMke mitAkSarA aura gAruDAdi graMthoMmeM bhI pAyA jAtA hai| aura pahale zlokakA Azaya manustRtike tIsare anyAyake loka . naM0 245-246 se milatA julatA hai / trivarNAcArake ina zlokoMte sAfa z2Ahira hai ki pitaragaNa piMDa grahaNa karate haiM aura use pAkara vRpta hote tathA uttama gatiko prApta karate haiN| 114

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jinsen-trivrnnaacaar| eka sthAnapara trivarNAcArake isI prakaraNameM modaka aura 'viSTarakA pUjana karake aura pratyeka modakAdika para 'namaH pitRbhyaH' isa maMtrake uccAraNa pUrvaka DorI bA~dhakara unheM pitaroMke lie brAhmANoMko denA likhA hai / aura isa modakAdike pradAnase pitaroMkI akSaya tRpti varNana kI hai aura unakA svargavAsa honA likhA hai / yathAH "......mAtRNAM mAtAmahAnAM cAkSayA tRptirastu / " " anena modakapradAnena samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrasvarUpANAM AcAryANAM tRptirastu / svarge vAso'stu / " zrAddhake antameM AzIrvAda dete hue likhA hai ki:-- " AyurvipulatAM yAtu karNe yAtu mahat yazaH // prayacchantu tathA rAjyaM prItA nRNAM pitAmahAH // " arthAt-AyukI vRddhi ho, mahat yaza phaile aura manuSyoMke pitaragaNa prasanna hokara zrAddha karanevAloMko rAjya deveN| isa kathanase bhI trivarNAcArameM zrAddhadvArA pitaroMkA prasanna honA pragaTa kiyA hai| isa zlokakA uttarArdha aura yAjJavalkya smRtimeM diye hue zrAddhaprakaraNake antima zlokakA uttarArdha donoM eka haiN| sirpha 'prayacchanti' kI jagaha yahA~ 'prayacchantu' banAyA gayA hai| " (1) OM vizvebhyo devebhya idamAsanaM svAhA (2) OM amukagotrebhyaH pitApitAmahaprapitAmahebhyaH sapatnIkebhya idamAsanaM svadhA (3) OM vizvedevAnAmAvAhayiSye (4) OM AvAhaya (5) OM agnaukaraNamahaM kariSye (6) OM kuruSva (7) OM agnaye kavyavAhanAya svAhA (8) OM somAya pitRmate svAhA (9) ApohISTA mayo bhuvaH (10) OM pRthivIte pAtraM dyaurapidhAnaM brAhmaNasya mukhe amRte amRtaM jumomi svAhA (11) tilosi somadevatyo gosavo devanirmitaH / pratnavadbhiH paktaH svadhayA. pitRllokAnyuNArhi naH svaahaa||" 115

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anya-parIkSA / . ... ye saba hinduoMke. maMtra haiN| aura gAruDa yA mitAkSarAdi hindU granthoMse uThAkara rakkhe gaye haiM / isa prakAra yaha zrAddhakA sArA prakaraNa hiMdUdharmase liyA gayA hai| itane para bhI trivarNAcArakA kartA likhatA hai ki maiM 'upAsakAdhyayana' meM kahI. huI zrAddhakI vidhiko varNana karatA hU~ / yathAH___"gaNAdhIzaM zrutaskaMdhamapi natvA vizuddhitaH / .. zrImacchrAddharvidhi vakSye zrAvakAdhyayanoditAm // " yaha saba logoMko dhokhA diyA gayA hai / vAstavameM, tarpaNakI taraha,zrAddhakA yaha saba kathana jainadharmake viruddha hai| jainadharmase. isakA kucha. sambandha nahIM hai / jaina siddhAntake anusAra brAhmaNoMko khilAyA huA bhojana yA diyA huA annAdika kadApi pitaroMke pAsa nahIM pahu~ca sakatA / aura na aisA karanese deva pitaroMkI koI tRpti hotI hai / ... ... . - 6-supArI khAnekI saz2A / .... . jinasenatrivarNAcArake 9veM parvameM likhA hai. ki, jo. koI manuSya / pAnako mukhameM na rakhakara, arthAt pAnase alaga supArI qhAtA hai vaha sAta janma taka daridrI hotA hai aura anta samayameM ( marate vakta.) usako jineMdra devakA smaraNa nahIM hotA / yathAH-- . ___"anidhAya mukhe parNa-pUrga khAdati yo na : : . saptajanmadaridraH syAdante naiva smarejinam // 235 // " : pAThakagaNa, dekhA, kaisI dhArmika nyAya hai ! kahA~ to aparAdhaM aura. . kahA~ itanI sakhta saz2A! kyA janiyoMkI kamaphilAsofI aura jaina dharmase isakA kucha sambandha ho sakatA hai ? kadApi nhiiN| yaha kathana hindUdharmake kisI graMthase liyA gayA hai / hinduoMke smRtiratnAkara graMthameM yaha zloka bilakula jyoMkA tyoM pAyA jAtA hai / sirpha antima

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jinasena - trivarNAcAra | caraNakA bheda hai| yahA~ antima caraNa 'narakeSu nimajjati ' (narakoMmeM par3atA hai), isa prakAra diyA hai / trivarNAcArameM isI antima caraNako dalakara usake sthAna meM ' bhante naiva smarejinam ' aisA banAyA gayA hai| isa parivartanase itanA jarUra huA hai ki kucha sajA kama ho gaI hai| nahIM to becAreko, sAta janma taka daridrI rahaneke sivAya, narakameM aura jAnA par3atA ! 7- RtukAlameM bhoga na karanevAlI strIkI gati / jinasena trivarNAcArake 12 meM parvameM, garbhAdhAnakA varNana karate hue, likhA hai ki- " RtusnAtA tu yA nArI pati nevopavindati / zunI vRkI zRgAlI syAcchrakarI gardabhI ca sA // 27 // " arthAt RtukAlameM, snAnake pazcAt, jo sI apane pati se saMbhoga nahIM karatI hai vaha marakara kutI, bheTinI, gIdar3I, suarI aura gadhI hotI hai| yaha kathana bilakula jainadharmake viruddha hai / aura isane jainiyAMkI sArI karmaphilAsophIko uThAkara tAkumeM rakha diyA hai / isaliye yaha kathana kadApi jainAcAryoMkA nahIM ho sakatA / yaha zloka bhI, jyoMkA tyoM yA kucha parivartanake sAtha, hindUdharmake kisI graMthase liyA gayA mAlUma hotA hai / kyoM ki hindUdharmake graMthoMmeM hI isa prakArakI AzAyeM pracuratAke sAtha pAI jAtI haiM / unake yahA~ jaba RtusnAtAke sAtha bhoga na karane para puruSako narakameM pahu~cAyA hai, taba kyA RtukhAtA hokara bhoga na karane para strIko tiryaMcagatimeM na bhejA hogA ? jarUra bhejA hogA | parAdArajIne to aisI khIko bhI sIdhA narakameM hI bhejA hai| aura sAtha hI vAramvAra vidhavA hone kA bhI fatavA ( dharmAdeza) hai diyA hai / yathAH 117

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any-priikssaa| "RtusnAtA tu yA nArI bhartAraM nopasarpati / / sA mRtA narakaM yAti vidhavA ca punaH punH||4-14||" -praashrsmRtiH| isI prakAra hindudharmake aura bahutase phuTakara zloka isa trivarNAcArameM pAye jAte haiM, jo yA to jyoMke tyoM aura yA kucha parivartanake sAtha rakkhe gaye haiN| __ isa taraha para dharmaviruddha kathanoMke ye kucha thor3ese namUne haiN| aura inake sAtha hI isa graMthakI parIkSA bhI samApta kI jAtI hai| Uparake isa samasta kathanase, pAThakagaNa, bhale prakAra vicAra sakate haiM ki yaha graMtha (jinasena trivarNAcAra) kitanA jAlI, banAvaTI tathA dharmaviruddha kathanoMse paripUrNa hai| aura aisI hAlatameM yaha koI jainagraMtha ho sakatA hai yA ki nahIM / vAstavameM yaha graMtha viSamizrita bhojanake samAna tyAjya hai, aura kadApi vidvAnoMmeM AdaraNIya nahIM ho sktaa| ise gar3hakara graMthakartAne, niHsandeha, jainasamAjake sAtha bar3hA hI zatrutAkA vyavahAra kiyA hai| yaha saca pUchiye to, saba aise hI graMthoMkA pratApa hai jo Ajakala jainasamAja apane Adarzase girakara aneka prakArake mithyAtvAdi kusaMskAroMmeM pha~sA huA hai| yadi jainasamAjako apane hitakI icchA hai to use sAvadhAna hokara, zIghra hI aise jAlI aura dharmaviruddha graMthoMkA vahiSkAra karanA cAhiye / tA0.15-8-1914. 118

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vicAravAn sajjanoMke par3hane yogya uttama pustakeM / 1 darzanasAra / isake kartA vikrama saMvat 990 meM hue haiN| prAkRtakA grantha hai| isameM zvetAmbara, kASThAsaMgha, yApanIya, mAthurasaMgha, bauddha, AjIvaka, Adi aneka darzanoM yA matoMkI utpattikA itihAsa diyA hai| mUla prAkRta, saMskRtachAyA, hindI artha aura jainahitaiSIsampAdaka nAthUrAma premIke likhe hue vistRta vivecanasahita yaha pustaka chapI hai / mUlya cAra aane| 2 vidvadranamAlA (prathama bhAga) isameM AcArya jinasena, guNabhadra AzAdhara, vAdirAjasUri, malliSeNasUri, amitagati, aura samantabhadra ina AcAryoMkA itihAsa bar3I khojake sAtha saikar3oM pramANoM sahita likhA gayA hai| lekhaka, nAthUrAma premI / mUlya ATha Ane / 3 karnATaka jaina kavi / lekhaka, nAthUrAma premI / karnATaka prAntameM kanar3I bhASAke bar3e bar3e nAmI kavi aura lekhaka jainadharmake pAlanevAle hue haiM / isa tarahake 75 kaviyoMkA aura unake granthoMkA aitihAsika paricaya isa pustakameM diyA gayA hai / mUlya lAgatase AdhA kevala AdhA aanaa| vivAhakA uddezya / lekhaka, bAbU jugalakizorajI mukhtAra |jaingrnthoNke aneka pramANa dekara isameM vivAhake uddezyapara zAstrIya paddhatipara vicAra kiyA gayA hai / mUlya eka aanaa| 5 hindIjainasAhityakA itihAsa / lekhaka, nAthUrAma premii| pRSThasaMkhyA 120 / mUlya chaha Ane / isameM prAraMbhase lekara abatakake jaina kaviyoM, ora unake hindI granthoMkA paricaya diyA gayA hai, aura svataMtratApUrvaka jainasAhityakI AlocanAkI gaI hai| mainejara, jainagrantharatnAkara kAryAlaya, hIrAbAga, girgaaNv-bmbii| 119