Bhartiya Darshan ko Jain Darshaniko ka Avadan

Author(s): Sagarmal Jain
Publisher: Prachya Vidyapith Shajapur
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/003248/1

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bhAratIya darzana ko jaina dArzanikoM kA avadAna lekhaka DaoN. sAgaramala jaina prakAzaka : prAcya vidyA pITha, zAjApura (ma.pra.)

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bhAratIya darzana ko jaina dArzanikoM kA avadAna lekhaka DaoN.sAgaramala jaina prakAzaka prAcya vidyApITha, zAjApura (ma.pra.)

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mukhya abhibhASaNa bhAratIya darzana ko jaina dArzanikoM kA avadAna bhAratIya darzana ko jaina dArzanikoM kA avadAna trividha rUpa meM rahA hai| yaha trividha isa dRSTi se hai ki prathamata: unhoMne anya darzanoM kI ekAMtavAdI mAnyatAoM kI niSpakSa samIkSA kI aura unake ekAMtavAditA ke doSoM ko spaSTa kiyaa| dUsare jaina dAzAneka kabhI bhI ekAntata: Alocaka na hokara samAlocaka yA samIkSaka hI rhe| unhoMne paraspara virodhI dArzanika matavAdoM ke madhya apanI anekAMtavAdI dRSTi se samanvaya kA prayatna kiyaa| tIsare unhoMne niSpakSa hokara darzanasaMgrAhaka graMthoM kI racanA kI / - DaoN. sAgaramala jaina dArzanika evaM dhArmika paraMparAeM bhAratIya darzanoM meM ekAMtavAditA kA jo doSa A gayA thA, jaina dArzanikoM ne prathamata: usake nirAkaraNa kA prayatna kiyaa| jaina dArzanikoM ne anya darzanoM kI jina mAnyatAoM kI samIkSA kI vaha unakI ekAMtavAditA kI samIkSA thI, na ki unake siddhAMtoM kA samagratayA nirAkaraNa / udAharaNArtha, jainoM ne bauddhoM ke jisa 'kSaNikavAda' kI samIkSA kI, vaha unake ekAMta parivartanazIlatA ke siddhAMta kI samIkSA thii| jaina darzana ne vastu yA sattA ke svarUpa meM utpAda aura vyaya ko svIkAra karake vastu kI parivartanazIlatA to svayaM hI svIkAra kI thii| isI prakAra jaba ve sAMkhya ke kUTasthanitya AtmavAda yA vedAMta ke 'sat kI aparivartanazIlatA' ke siddhAMta kI samIkSA karate haiM, to unakA Azaya sattA kI dhrauvyatA kA pUrNa nirAkaraNa nahIM hai balki ve svayaM bhI utpAda-vyaya ke sAtha sattA kI dhauvyatA ko svIkAra karate haiN| isI prakAra jaina dArzanikoM ke dvArA unakI jo AlocanA pratIta hotI hai - vaha AlocanA nahIM, mAtra samIkSA hai| vastutaH ve una siddhAMtoM meM rahe hue ekAMtavAditA ke doSoM ke nirAkaraNa kA prayAsa karate haiN| unakI bhUmikA eka Alocaka kI bhUmikA nahIM hai| apitu zalya kriyA karane vAle DAkTara kI sI bhUmikA hai| jaise eka cikitsaka rogI kI bImArI kA nirAkaraNa karatA hai, na ki usake astitva ko nakAratA hai| vaha to use svastha banAnA cAhatA hai| isI prakAra jaina dArzanika anya darzanoM ke ekAMtavAditA ke doSa kA nirAkaraNa cAhate haiM, na ki unake siddhAMtoM kA samagratayA khaMDana karate haiN| ata: unakI anya darzanoM kI samIkSA ko isI rUpa meM dekhA jAnA cAhie / aitihAsika dRSTi se anya dArzanika mAnyatAoM kI samIkSA jaina darzana meM Agama bhAratIya darzana ko jaina dArzanikoM kA avadAna / 3

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yuga se prAraMbha hokara satrahavIM zatI ke upAdhyAya yazovijaya ke graMthoM taka niraMtara calatI rahI, para jaina dArzanika anya darzanoM ke prati apanI samAlocanA meM kabhI AkrAmaka nahIM hue| isakA sabase acchA udAharaNa hameM mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa ke dvAdazAra nayacakra (cauthI - pAMcavI zatI) meM milatA hai, jisameM unhoMne anya darzanoM kI vidhi-vidhi, vidhi, vidhi-niSedha Adi rUpoM meM samIkSA kii| kiMtu, ve kisI darzana yA dArzanika vizeSa kA nAma lie binA, mAtra siddhAMta kI samIkSA karate haiN| unhoMne pratipakSI yA samanvayaka jaina darzana kA nAma lie binA mAtra unakI samIkSA kI hai| jaina paraMparA meM anya paraMparAoM ke vicArakoM ke darzanoM evaM dharmopadezoM ke prastutIkaraNa kA prathama prayAsa hameM RSibhASita ('isibhAsiyAI' - lagabhaga I.pU. tIsarI zatI) meM parilakSita hotA hai| isa graMtha meM anya dhArmika aura dArzanika paraMparAoM ke pravartakoM - yathA nArada, asitadevala, yAjJavalkya, sAriputra Adi ko 'arhat RSi' kahakara saMbodhita kiyA gayA hai aura unake vicAroM ko niSpakSa rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai / nizcaya hI vaicArika udAratA evaM anya paraMparAoM ke prati samAdara bhAva kA yaha ati prAcInakAla kA anyatama udAharaNa hai| anya paraMparAoM ke prati aisA samAdara bhAva vaidika aura bauddha paraMparA ke prAcIna sAhitya meM hameM kama hI upalabdha hote haiN| svayaM jaina paraMparA meM bhI yaha udAra dRSTi adhika kAla taka jIvita nahIM raha sakI / pariNAmasvarUpa yaha mahAna graMtha, jo kabhI aMga sAhitya kA eka bhAga thA, vahAM se alaga kara paripArzva meM DAla diyA gyaa| yadyapi sUtrakRtAMga, bhagavatI Adi Agama graMthoM meM tatkAlIna anya paraMparAoM ke vivaraNa upalabdha hote haiM, kiMtu unameM anya darzanoM aura paraMparAoM ke prati vaha udAratA aura zAlInatA parilakSita nahIM hotI, jo RSibhASita meM thii| sUtrakRtAMga anya dArzanika aura dhArmika mAnyatAoM kA vivaraNa to detA hai, kiMtu unheM mithyA, anArya yA asaMgata kahakara unakI AlocanA bhI karatA hai / bhagavatI meM, vizeSa rUpa se maMkhali-gozAlaka ke prasaMga meM to jaina paraMparA sAmAnya ziSTatA kA bhI ullaghana kara detI hai| RSibhASita meM jisa maMkhali - gozAlaka ko 'arhat-RSi' ke rUpa meM saMbodhita kiyA gayA thA, bhagavatI meM usI kA azobhanIya citra prastuta kiyA gayA hai| yahAM yaha carcA kevala isalie kI jA rahI hai ki hama paravartI jaina dArzanika haribhadra, yazovijaya Adi kI udAra dRSTi kA samyak mUlyAMkana kara sakeM aura yaha jAna sakeM ki na kevala jaina paraMparA meM, apitu samagra bhAratIya darzana meM unakA avadAna kitanA mahAna hai| anya darzanoM kI ekAMtavAditA kI samIkSA kI dizA meM kie gae prayatnoM meM prathama nAma siddhasena divAkara kA AtA hai| unhoMne apane graMtha 'sanmatitarka' meM yaha spaSTa karane kA prayatna kiyA hai ki kisa darzana kA kauna-sA siddhAMta kisa 'naya' arthAt dRSTikoNa ke 4 / bhAratIya darzana ko jaina dArzanikoM kA avadAna

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AdhAra para satya hai / unhone jaina darzana ke 'nayavAda' kA apekSA se anya dazanA ka siddhAMtoM kI sApekSika satyatA kA darzana kraayaa| unakI isa dRSTi kA kucha prabhAva samaMtabhadra kI 'AptamImAMsA' para bhI dekhA jAtA hai| unhoMne yaha batAyA ki vedAMta (aupaniSadika vedAMta) saMgrahanaya se bauddha darzana kA kSaNikatA kA siddhAMta RjusUtranaya kI apekSA se tathA nyAya-vaizeSika darzanoM ke siddhAMta vyavahAranaya kI apekSA se satya pratIta hote haiN| yahI dRSTi Age calakara samatvayogI AcArya haribhadra ke graMthoM meM bhI vikasita huii| jaina dArzanikoM meM sarvaprathama siddhasena divAkara ne apane graMthoM meM anya dArzanika mAnyatAoM kA vivaraNa prastuta kiyA hai| unhoMne battIsa dvAtriMzikAeM likhI haiM, unameM navIM meM vedavAda, dasavIM meM yogavidyA, bArahavIM meM nyAyadarzana, terahavIM meM sAMkhyadarzana, caudahavIM meM niyativAda kI carcA hai, kiMtu siddhasena ne yaha vivaraNa samIkSAtmaka dRSTi se hI prastuta kiyA hai| ve aneka prasaMgoM meM ina avadhAraNAoM ke praticuTIle vyaMgya bhI kasate haiN| phira bhI vastuta: jaina dArzanikoM meM anya darzanoM ke jAnane aura unakA vivaraNa prastuta karane kI jo pravRtti vikasita huI thI, usakA mUla AdhAra virodhI matoM kI ekAMtavAditA nirAkaraNa karanA hI thaa| siddhasena bhI isake apavAda nahIM haiN| sAtha hI paMDita sukhalAlajI saMghavI kA yaha bhI kahanA hai ki siddhasena kI kRtiyoM meM anya darzanoM kA jo vivaraNa upalabdha hai, vaha bhI pATha-bhraSTatA aura vyAkhyA ke abhAva ke kAraNa adhika prAmANika nahIM hai| yadyapi siddhasena divAkara, samaMtabhadra, jinabhadragaNi Adi haribhadra kepUrvavartI dArzanikoM ne anekAMta dRSTi ke prabhAva ke kAraNa vaicArika udAratA kA bhI paricaya diyA hai| phira bhI ye sabhI vicAraka itanA to mAnate hI haiM ki anya darzana ekAMtika dRSTi kA Azraya lene ke kAraNa mithyA-darzana haiM, jabaki jaina darzana anekAMta dRSTi apanAne ke kAraNa samyakdarzana hai| vastuta: vaicArika samanvayazIlatA aura dhArmika udAratA kI jisa UMcAI kA sparza haribhadra ne apanI kRtiyoM meM kiyA hai, vaisA unake pUrvavartI jaina evaM jainetara dArzanikoM meM hameM parilakSita nahIM hotA hai| yadyapi haribhadra ke paravartI jaina dArzanikoM meM hemacaMdra, yazovijaya, AnaMdaghana Adi - anya dharmoM aura darzanoM ke prati-samabhAva aura udAratA kA paricaya dete haiN| unakI yaha udAratA una para haribhadra ke prabhAva ko hI sUcita karatI hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM hemacaMdra apane mahAdeva-strota (44) meM nimnazloka prastuta karate haiM - bhavabIjAMkurajananArAgAdyA kssymupaagtaaysy| brahmA vA viSNurvA haro jino vA nmstsmai|| yaha zloka haribhadra ke lokatattvanirNaya meM bhI kucha pAThabheda ke sAtha upalabdha hotA hai| yathA - bhAratIya darzana ko jaina dArzanikoM kA avadAna/5 ___

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yasya anikhilAzca doSA na saMti, sarveguNAzca vidyante / brahmA vA viSNurvA haro jino vA namastasmai // vastuta: 2500-2600 varSa ke sudIrgha jaina itihAsa meM aisA koI bhI samanvayavAdI udAracetA vyaktitva nahIM hai, jise haribhadra ke samatulya kahA jA ske| yadyapi haribhadra ke pUrvavartI aura paravartI aneka AcAryoM ne jaina darzana kI anekAMta dRSTi ke prabhAva ke pariNAmasvarUpa udAratA kA paricaya avazya diyA hai, phira bhI unakI sRjanadharmitA usa stara kI nahIM hai, jisa stara kI haribhadra kI hai| unakI kRtiyoM meM do-cAra gAthAoM yA zlokoM meM udAratA ke cAhe saMketa mila jAeM, kintu aise kitane haiM jinhoMne samanvayAtmaka aura udAradRSTi ke AdhAra para SaDdarzanasamuccaya, zAstravArtAsamuccaya aura yogadRSTisamuccaya jaisI mahAna kRtiyoM kA praNayana kiyA ho / - anya dArzanika aura dhArmika paraMparAoM kA adhyayana mukhyata: do dRSTiyoM se kiyA jAtA hai - eka to una paraMparAoM kI AlocanA karane kI dRSTi se aura dUsarA unakA yathArtha paricaya pAne aura unameM nihita satya ko samajhane kI dRSTi se / AlocanA evaM samIkSA kI dRSTi se likhe gae graMthoM meM bhI AlocanA ke ziSTa aura aziSTa - aise do rUpa milate haiN| sAtha hI jaba graMthakartA kA mukhya lakSya AlocanA karanA hotA hai, to vaha anya paraMparAoM ke prastutIkaraNa meM nyAya bhI nahIM karatA hai aura unakI avadhAraNAoM ko bhrAMtarUpa meM prastuta karatA hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM syAdvAda aura zUnyavAda ke AlocakoM ne kabhI bhI unheM samyak rUpa se prastuta karane kA prayatna hI nahIM kiyA hai| yadyapi haribhadra ne bhI apanI kucha kRtiyoM meM anya darzanoM evaM dharmoM kI samIkSA kI hai| apane graMtha dhUrtAkhyAna dharma aura darzana ke kSetra meM panapa rahe aMdhavizvAsoM kA sacoTa khaMDana bhI karate haiM / phira bhI itanA nizcita hai ki ve na to apane virodhI ke vicAroM ko bhrAMtarUpa meM prastuta karate haiM aura na usake saMbaMdha meM aziSTa bhASA kA prayoga hI karate haiM / haribhadra ne apane graMtha zAstravArtAsamuccaya meM kapila ko mahAnuni aura bhagavAna buddha ko mahAcikitsaka kahA hai / haribhadra ke zAstravArtAsamuccaya' meM isa dRSTikoNa kA eka nirmala vikAsa parilakSita hotA hai| apane graMtha 'zAstravArtAsamuccaya' ke prAraMbha meM hI graMtha racanA kA uddezya spaSTa karate hue ve likhate haiM yaM zrutvA sarvazAstreSu prAyastattvanizcayaH / jAyate dveSa zamana: svargasiddhi sukhAvahaH // arthAt isakA adhyayana karane se anya darzanoM ke prati dveSa - buddhi samApta hokara tattva kA bodha ho jAtA hai| isa graMtha meM ve kapila ko divya-puruSa evaM mahAmuni ke rUpa meM sUcita karate haiM- (kapilo divyo hi sa mahAmuniH zAstravArtAsamuccaya, 237 ) / isI prakAra ve buddha 6 / bhAratIya darzana ko jaina dArzanikoM kA avadAna

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ko bhI arhat, mahAmuni, suvaidya Adi vizeSaNoM se abhihita karate haiM (yato buddho mahAmuniH suvaidyat - vahI 465,466) / yahAM hama dekhate haiM ki jahAM eka ora anyadArzanika apane virodhI dArzanikoM kA khulakara parihAsa karate haiM- nyAya darzana ke praNetA maharSi gautamako gAya kA bachar3AyA baila aura maharSi kaNAdako ullU kahate haiM - vahIM dUsarI ora haribhadra jaise jaina dArzanika apane virodhiyoM ke lie mahAmuni aura arhat jaise sammAnasUcaka vizeSaNoM kA prayoga karate haiN| 'zAstravArtAsamuccaya' meM yadyapi anya dArzanika avadhAraNAoM kI spaSTa samAlocanA hai, kiMtu saMpUrNa graMtha meM aisA koI bhI udAharaNa nahIM milatA jahAM haribhadra ne ziSTatA kI maryAdA kA ullaghana kiyA ho| isI prakAra haribhadra ne anya paraMparAoM kI samAlocanA meM bhI jisa ziSTatA aura Adara-bhAva kA paricaya diyA, vaha hameM jaina aura jainetara kisI bhI paraMparA meM upalabdha nahIM hotA hai| yadyapi AcArya hemacaMdra ne 'anyayogavyavacchedikA' (pracalita nAma syAdvAdamaMjarI) meM anya darzanoM kI vyaMgyAtmaka zailI meM samAlocanA kI, kiMtu kahIM bhI anya darzanoM ke prati apazabda kA prayoga nahIM kiyA hai| samyak samAlocanA kI yaha paraMparA Agama-yuga se prAraMbha hokara kramaza: siddhasena divAkara ke 'sanmatitarka', samaMtabhadra kI 'AptamImAMsA', mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa ke . 'dvAdazAranayacakra', jinabhadragaNI kI 'vizeSaNavatI', 'vizeSAvazyakabhASya', haribhadra ke 'SaDdarzanasamuccaya', 'zAstravArtAsamuccaya', anekAMtajayapatAkA' Adi graMthoM meM, sAtha hI pUjyapAda devanaMdI kI 'sarvArthasiddhi', akalaMka ke 'rAjavArtika', 'aSTazatI', 'nyAya vinizcaya' Adi, vidyAnaMdI ke 'zlokavArtika', 'aSTasahastrI' Adi, prabhAcaMdra ke 'prameyakamalamArtaMDa', ratnaprabha kI 'ratnAkara avatArikA', hemacaMdra kI 'anyayogavyavacchedikA' AdigraMthoMtaka milatI hai| phirabhI yaha dhArA Alocakana hokara samAlocaka aura samIkSaka hI rhii| yadyapi hameM yaha svIkAra karane meM koI Apatti nahIM honI cAhie ki paravartI madhyayuga meM vAda-vivAda meM jo AkrAmaka vRtti vikasita huI thI, jaina dArzanika bhI usase pUrNatayA achUte nahIM rhe| phira bhI itanA avazya mAnalenA hogA kijaina dArzanikoM kI bhUmikA AkrAmaka AlocakakIna hokara samAlocakayA samIkSaka kI rahI hai| kyoMki unake darzana kI dhurI-rUpa anekAMtavAda kI yahI mAMga thii| anekAMta dRSTi: samanavaya ke sUtroM kI khoja jaina dArzanikoM kA dUsarA mahattvapUrNa avadAna unakI anekAMta AdhArita samanvayAtmaka dRSTi hai| jahAM eka ora jainadArzanikoM ne anya darzanoM ke ekAMtavAditA ke doSa kA nirAkaraNa karanA cAhA, vahIM dUsarI ora bhAratIya darzanoM ke paraspara virodhI siddhAMtoM meM samanvaya karanA cAhA aura anya darzanoM meM nihita sApekSika satyatA ko dekha bhAratIya darzana ko jaina dArzanikoM kA avadAna/7

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kara use svIkAra karane kA prayatna bhI kiyA aura isa prakAra vividha darzanoM meM samanvaya ke sUtra bhI prastuta kie| haribhadra ne anya darzanoM ke adhyayana ke pazcAt unameM nihita sAra tattva yA satya ko samajhane kA jo prayAsa kiyA hai, vaha bhI atyaMta hI mahattvapUrNa hai aura unake udAracetA vyaktitva ko ujAgara karatA hai / yadyapi haribhadra cArvAka darzana kI samIkSA karate hue usake bhUta svabhAvavAda kA khaMDana karate haiM aura usake sthAna para karmavAda kI sthApanA karate haiN| kiMtu, siddhAMta meM karma ke jo do rUpa- dravyakarma aura bhAvakarma - mAne gae haiM, unameM eka ora bhAvakarma ke sthAna ko svIkAra nahIM karane ke kAraNa jahAM ve cArvAkadarzana kI samIkSA karate haiM, vahIM dUsarI ora ve dravyakarma kI avadhAraNA ko svIkAra karate hue cArvAka ke bhUtasvabhAvavAda kI sArthakatA ko bhI svIkAra karate haiM aura kahate haiM ki bhautika tattvoM kA prabhAva bhI caitanya para par3atA hai| paMDita sukhalAlajI saMghavI likhate haiM ki haribhadra ne donoM pakSoM-arthAt bauddha evaM mImAMsakoM-ke anusAra karmavAda ke prasaMga meM cittavAsanA kI pramukhatA ko tathA cArvAkoM ke anusAra bhautika tatva kI pramukhatA ko eka-eka pakSa ke rUpa meM paraspara pUraka evaM satya mAna kara kahA ki jaina karmavAda meM cArvAka aura mImAMsakatathA bauddhoM ke maMtavyoM kA sumela huA hai| ___isI prakAra 'zAstravArtAsamuccaya' meM haribhadra yadyapi nyAya-vaizeSika darzanoM dvArA mAnya IzvaravAda evaM jagata kartRtvavAda kI avadhAraNAoM kI samIkSA karate haiM, kiMtu jahAM cArvAkoM, bauddhoM aura anya jaina AcAryoM ne ina avadhAraNAoM kA khaMDana hI kiyA hai, vahAM haribhadra inakI bhI sArthakatA ko svIkAra karate haiN| haribhadra ne IzvaravAda kI avadhAraNA meM bhI kucha mahattvapUrNa tathyoM ko dekhane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| prathama to yaha ki manuSya meM kaSTa ke samaya svAbhAvika rUpa se kisI aisI zakti ke prati zraddhA aura prapatti kI bhAvanA hotI hai, jisake dvArA vaha apane meM AtmavizvAsa jAgRta kara sake / paMDita sukhalAla saMghavI likhate haiM- mAnava mana kI pravRttiyA zaraNAgati kI yaha bhAvanAmUla meM asatya to nahIM kahI jA sktii| unakI isa apekSA ko Thesa na pahuMce tathA tarka va buddhivAda ke sAtha IzvaravAdI avadhAraNA kA samanvaya bhI ho, isalie unhoMne (haribhadra ne) Izvara-kartRttvavAdI kI avadhAraNA ko apane DhaMga se spaSTa karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| haribhadra kahate haiM ki jo vyakti AdhyAtmika nirmalatA ke phalasvarUpa apane vikAsa kI uccatamabhUmikA ko prApta huA ho, vaha asAdhAraNa AtmA hai aura vahI IzvarayA siddhapuruSa hai| usa AdarzasvarUpa ko prApta karane ke kAraNa, kartA tathA bhakti kA viSaya hone ke kAraNa upAsya hai| isake sAtha hI haribhadra yaha bhI mAnate haiM ki pratyeka jIva tattvata: apane zuddha rUpa meM paramAtmA aura apane bhaviSyakA nirmAtA hai aura isa dRSTi se yadi vicAra kareM to vaha Izvara bhI hai aura kartA bhI hai| isa prakAra Izvara-kartRttvavAda bhI samIcIna hI siddha hotA hai| haribhadra sAMkhyoM ke 8/bhAratIya darzana kojaina dArzanikoM kA avadAna

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prakRtivAda kI bhI samIkSA karate haiM, kiMtu ve prakRti ko jaina paraMparA meM svIkRta karma prakRti ke rUpa meM dekhate haiN| ve likhate haiM ki satya-nyAya kI dRSTi se prakRti karma-prakRti hI hai aura isa rUpa meM prakRtivAda bhI ucita hai, kyoMki usake vaktA kapila divya-puruSa aura mahAmuni haiN| haribhadra ne 'zAstravArtAsamuccaya' meM bauddhoM ke kSaNikavAda, vijJAnavAda aura zUnyavAda kI bhI samIkSA kI hai, kiMtu ve ina dhAraNAoM meM nihita satya ko bhI dekhane kA prayatna karate haiM aura kahate haiM ki mahAmuni aura arhat buddha uddezyahIna hokara kisI siddhAMta kA upadeza nahIM krte| unhoMne kSaNikavAda kA upadezapadArtha ke prati hamArI Asakti ke nivAraNa ke lie hI diyA hai| kyoMki jaba vastu kA anitya aura vinAzazIla svarUpa samajha meM A jAtA hai, to usake prati AsaktigaharI nahIM hotii| isI prakAra vijJAnavAda kA upadeza bhI bAhya padArthoM ke prati tRSNA ko samApta karane ke lie hI hai| yadi saba kucha citta ke vikalpa haiM aura bAhya rUpa satya nahIM haiM, to unake prati tRSNA utpanna hI nahIM hogii| isI prakAra kucha sAdhakoM kI manobhUmikA ko dhyAna meM rakha kara saMsAra kI nissAratA kA bodha karAne ke lie zUnyavAda kA upadeza diyA hai| isa prakAra haribhadra kI dRSTi meM bauddha darzana ke kSaNikavAda, vijJAnavAda aura zUnyavAda - ina tInoM siddhAMtoM kA mUla uddezya yahI hai ki vyakti kI jagata ke prati ke prati utpanna hone vAlI tRSNA kA uccheda ho| advaitavAda kI samIkSA karate hue haribhadra spaSTa rUpa se yaha batAte haiM ki sAmAnya kI dRSTi se to advaita kI avadhAraNA bhI satya hai| isake sAtha hI sAthave yaha bhI batAte haiM ki viSamatA ke nivAraNa ke lie aura samabhAva kI sthApanA ke lie advaita kI bhUmikA bhI Avazyaka hai| advaitaparAyepana kI bhAvanA kA niSedha karatA hai, isa prakAra dveSa kA upazamana karatA hai| ata: vaha bhI asatya nahIM kahA jA sktaa| isI prakAra advaita vedAMta ke jJAnamArga ko bhI ve samIcIna hI svIkAra karate haiN| uparyukta vivecana se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki anya dArzanika avadhAraNAoM kI samIkSA kA unakA prayatna samIkSA ke lie na hokara una dArzanika paraMparAoM kI satyatA ke mUlyAMkana ke lie hI hai| svayaM unhoMne 'zAstravArtAsamuccaya' ke prAkkathana meMspaSTa kiyA hai ki prastuta graMtha kA uddezya anya paraMparAoM ke prati dveSa kA upazamana karanA aura satya kA bodha karAnA hai| darzanagrAhaka graMthoM kI niSpakSa racanA yadi hama bhAratIya darzana ke samagra itihAsa meM sabhI pramukha darzanoM ke siddhAMta ko eka hI graMtha meM pUrI prAmANikatA ke sAtha prastuta karane ke kSetra meM hue prayatnoM ko dekhate haiM, to hamArI dRSTi meM haribhadra hI ve prathama vyakti haiM, jinhoMne sabhI pramukha bhAratIya darzanoM kI bhAratIya darzana ko jaina dArzanikoM kA avadAna/9

Page #11
mAnyatAoM ko niSpakSa rUpa se eka hI graMtha meM prastuta kiyA hai| haribhadra ke 'SaDdarzanasamuccaya' kI koTi kA aura usase prAcIna darzanasaMgrAhaka koI anya graMtha hameM prAcIna bhAratIya sAhitya meM upalabdha nahIM hotaa| haribhadra ke pUrva taka jaina, bauddha aura vaidika-tInoM hI paraMparAoM ke kisI bhI AcArya ne apane kAla ke sabhI darzanoM kA niSpakSa paricaya dene kI dRSTi se kisI bhI graMtha kI racanA nahIM kI thii| unake graMthoM meM apane virodhI matoM kA prastutIkaraNa mAtra unake khaMDana kI dRSTi se hI huA hai| jaina paraMparA meM bhI haribhadra ke pUrva siddhasena divAkara aura samaMtabhadra ne anya darzanoM ke vivaraNa to prastuta kie haiM, kiMtu unakI dRSTi bhI khaMDanaparaka hI hai| vividha darzanoM kA vivaraNa prastuta karane kI dRSTi se mallavAdI kA 'nayacakra' mahattvapUrNa graMtha kahA jA sakatA hai, kiMtu usakA mukhya uddezya bhI pratyeka darzana kI apUrNatA ko sUcita karate hue anekAMtavAda kI sthApanA karanA hai| paMDita dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA ke zabdoM meM (naya) cakra kI kalpanA ke pIche AcArya kA Azaya yaha hai ki koI bhI mata apane Apa meM pUrNa nahIM hai| jisa prakAra usa mata kI sthApanA dalIloM se ho sakatI hai usI prakAra usakA utthAna bhI virodhI matoM kI dalIloM se ho sakatA hai| sthApanA aura utthAna kA yaha cakra calatA rahatA hai| ataeva anekAMtavAda meM ye mata yadi apanA ucita sthAna prApta kareM- tabhI ucita hai, anyathA nhiiN| 'nayacakra' kI mUladRSTi bhI svapakSa arthAt anekAMtavAda ke maMDana aura parapakSa ke khaMDana kI hI hai| isa prakAra jaina paraMparA meM bhI haribhadra ke pUrva taka niSpakSa bhAva se koI bhI darzanasaMgrAhaka nahIM likhA gyaa| jainetara paraMparAoM ke darzanasaMgrAhaka graMthoM meM AcArya zaMkara viracita mAne jAne vAle 'sarvasiddhAMtasaMgraha' kA ullekha kiyA jA sakatA hai| yadyapi yaha kRti mAdhavAcArya ke 'sarvadarzanasaMgraha' kI apekSA prAcIna hai| phira bhI isameM Adya pUrvadarzana kA uttaradarzana ke dvArA nirAkaraNa karate hue aMta meM advaita vedAMta kI sthApanA kI gaI hai| ataH kisI sImA taka isakI zailI ko bhI 'nayacakra' kI zailI ke sAtha jor3A jA sakatA hai, kiMtu jahAM 'nayacakra' aMtima mata kA bhI prathama mata se khaMDana karavA kara kisI bhI eka darzana ko aMtima satya nahIM mAnatA hai, vahAM 'sarvasiddhAMtasaMgraha vedAMta ko ekamAtra aura aMtima satya svIkAra karatA hai / ataH yaha eka darzanasaMgrAhaka graMtha hokara bhI niSpakSa dRSTi kA pratipAdaka nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai / haribhadra ke 'SaDdarzanasamuccaya' kI jo vizeSatA hai- vaha isameM 10/bhAratIya darzana ko jaina dArzanikoM kA avadAna

Page #12
nahIM hai / jainetara paraMparAoM meM darzanasaMgrAhaka graMthoM meM dUsarA sthAna mAdhavAcArya (I. 1350 ke lagabhaga) ke 'sarvadarzanasaMgraha' kA AtA hai / kiMtu, 'saMrvadarzanasaMgraha' kI mUlabhUta dRSTi bhI yahI hai ki vedAMta hI ekamAtra samyaka darzana hai / 'sarvasiddhAMtasaMgraha' aura 'sarvadarzanasaMgraha' donoM kI haribhadra ke 'SaDdarzanasamuccaya' se isa artha meM bhinnatA hai ki jahAM haribhadra binA kisI khaMDana-maMDana ke nirapekSa bhAva se tatkAlIna vividha darzanoM ko prastuta karate haiM, vahAM vaidika paraMparA ke ina donoM graMthoM kI mUlabhUta zailI khaMDanaparaka hI hai / ataH ina donoM graMthoM meM anya dArzanika matoM ke prastutIkaraNa meM vaha niSpakSatA aura udAratA parilakSita nahIM hotI hai, jo haribhadra ke SaDdarzanasamuccaya meM haiM / vaidika paraMparA meM darzanasaMgrAhaka graMthoM meM tIsarA sthAna mAdhava sarasvatIkRta 'sarvadarzanakaumudI' kA AtA hai / isa graMtha meM darzanoM ko vaidika aura avaidika - aise do bhAgoM meM bAMTA gayA hai| avaidika darzanoM meM cArvAka, bauddha aura jaina - aise tIna bheda tathA vaidika darzana meM tarka, taMtra aura sAMkhya- aise tIna bhAga kie gae hai / isa graMtha kI zailI bhI mukhyarUpa se khaMDanAtmaka hI hai / ataH haribhadra ke 'SaDdarzanasamuccaya' jaisI udAratA aura niSpakSatA isameM bhI parilakSita nahIM hotI hai / vaidika paraMparA ke darzanasaMgrAhaka graMthoM meM cauthA sthAna madhusUdana sarasvatI ke 'prasthAnabheda' kA AtA hai / madhusUdana sarasvatI ne darzanoM kA vargIkaraNa Astika aura nAstika ke rUpa meM kiyA hai / nAstikaavaidika darzanoM meM ve chaha prasthAnoM kA ullekha karate haiM / isameM bauddha darzana ke cAra saMpradAya tathA cArvAka aura jainoM kA samAveza I huA hai / Astika vaidika darzanoM meM nyAya, vaizeSika, sAMkhya, yoga, pUrva-mImAMsA aura uttara-mImAMsA kA samAveza huA hai / inhoMne pAzupata darzana evaM vaiSNava darzana kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai / paMDita dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA ke anusAra prasthAnabheda ke lekhaka kI eka vizeSatA avazya hai, jo use pUrva - ullikhita vaidika paraMparA ke anya darzanasaMgrAhaka graMthoM se alaga karatI hai / vaha yaha ki isa graMtha meM vaidika darzanoM ke pArasparika virodha bhAratIya darzana ko jaina dArzanikoM kA avadAna / 11 --

Page #13
kA samAdhAna yaha kaha kara kiyA gayA hai ki ina prasthAnoM ke prastotA sabhI muni bhrAMta to nahIM ho sakate, kyoMki ve sarvajJa the| cUMki bAhya viSayoM meM lage hue manuSyoM kA parama puruSArtha meM praviSTa honA kaThina hotA hai, ataeva nAstikoM kA nirAkaraNa karane ke lie ina muniyoM ne darzana prasthAnoM ke bheda kie haiN| isa prakAra prasthAnabheda meM yatkiMcita udAratA kA paricaya prApta hotA hai| kiMtu, yaha udAratA kevala vaidika paraMparA ke Astika darzanoM ke saMdarbha meM hI hai, nAstikoM ko nirAkaraNa karanA to sarvadarzana kaumudIkAra ko bhI iSTa hI hai| isa prakAra darzanasaMgrAhaka graMthoM meM haribhadra kI jo niSpakSa aura udAra dRSTi hai, vaha hameM anya paraMparAoM meM racita darzanasaMgrAhaka graMthoM meM nahIM milatI hai| yadyapi vartamAna meM bhAratIya dArzanika paraMparAoM kA vivaraNa prastuta karane vAle aneka graMtha likhe jA rahe haiM, kiMtu unameM bhI lekhaka kahIM apane iSTa darzana aura vizeSarUpa se vedAMta ko hI aMtima satya ke rUpa meM prastuta karate hue pratIta hote haiN| haribhadra ke pazcAt jaina paraMparA meM likhe gae darzanasaMgrAhaka graMthoM meM ajJAtakRta 'sarvAsiddhAMtapravezaka' kA sthAna AtA hai-(itanA nizcita hai ki yaha graMtha kisI jaina AcArya dvArA praNIta hai) kyoMki isake maMgalAcaraNa meM'sarvabhAva praNetAraM praNipatya jinezvaraM- aisA ullekha hai| paMDita sukhalAla saMghavI ke anusAra prastuta graMtha kI pratipAdana zailI haribhadra ke 'SaDdarzanasamuccaya' kA hI anukaraNa karatI hai| aMtara mAtra yaha hai ki jahAM haribhadra kA graMtha padya meM hai, vahAM 'sarvasiddhAMtapravezaka' gadya meM hai| sAtha hI yaha graMtha haribhadra ke 'SaDdarzanasamuccaya' kI apekSA kucha vistRta bhI hai| jaina paraMparA ke darzanasaMgrAhaka graMthoM meM dUsarA sthAna jIvadevasUri ke ziSya AcArya jinadattasUri (vikrama saMvata 1265) ke "vivekavilAsa' kA AtA hai| isa graMtha ke aSTama ullAsa meM SaDdarzanavicAra nAmaka prakaraNa hai| jisameM jaina, mImAMsaka, bauddha, sAMkhya, zaiva aura nAstika- ina chaha darzanoM kA saMkSepa meM varNana kiyA gayA hai| paMDita dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA ke anusAra isa graMtha kI eka vizeSatA to yaha hai ki isameM nyAya-vaizeSikoM kA samAveza zaivadarzana meM kiyA gayA hai| merI dRSTi meM isakA kAraNa lekhaka ke dvArA haribhadra ke 'SaDdarzanasamuccaya' kA anusaraNa karanA hI hai, 12/bhAratIya darzana ko jaina dArzanikoM kA avadAna

Page #14
kyoMki usameM bhI nyAyadarzana ke devatA ke rUpa meM ziva kA hI ullekha kiyA gayA hai akSapAdamate devaH sRSTisaMhArakRcchiva yaha graMtha bhI haribhadra ke 'SaDdarzanasamuccaya' ke samAna kevala paricayAtmaka aura niSpakSa prastuta karatA hai aura AkAra meM mAtra chiyAsaTha zloka pramANa hai| jaina paraMparA meM darzanasaMgrAhaka graMthoM meM tIsarA krama rAjazekhara (vikrama saMvata 1405) ke 'SaDdarzanasamuccaya' kA AtA hai| isa graMtha meM jaina, sAMkhya, jaiminIya, yoga, vaizeSika aura saugata (bauddha)- ina chaha darzanoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| haribhadra ke samAna hI isa graMtha meM bhI ina sabhI ko Astika kahA gayA hai aura aMta meM nAstika ke rUpa meM cArvAka darzana kA paricaya diyA gayA hai| haribhadra ke 'SaDdarzanasamuccaya' aura rAjazekhara ke 'SaDdarzanasamuccaya' meM eka mukhya aMtara isa bAta ko lekara hai ki darzanoM ke prastutIkaraNa meM jahAM haribhadra jaina darzana ko cauthA sthAna dete haiM, vahAM rAjazekhara jaina darzana ko prathama sthAna dete haiN| paMDita sukhalAla saMghavI ke anusAra saMbhavataH isakA kAraNa yaha ho sakatA hai ki rAjazekhara apane samakAlIna dArzanikoM ke abhinivezayukta prabhAva se apane ko dUra nahIM rakha ske| __paMDita dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA kI sUcanA ke anusAra rAjazekhara ke kAla kA hI eka anya darzanasaMgrAhaka graMtha AcArya merutuMgakRta SaDdarzananirNaya hai| isa graMtha meM merutuMga ne bauddha, mImAMsA, sAMkhya, naiyAyika, vaizeSika Adi chaha darzanoM kI mImAMsA kI hai, kiMtu isa kRti meM bhI haribhadra jaisI udAratA nahIM hai| yaha mukhyatayA jainamata kI sthApanA aura anya matoM ke khaMDana ke lie likhA gayA hai| ekamAtra isakI vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM mahAbhArata, smRti, purANa Adi ke AdhAra para jainamata kA samarthana kiyA gayA hai| paMDita dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA ne 'SaDdarzanasamuccaya' kI prastAvanA meM isa bAta kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai ki somatilakasUrikRta 'SaDdarzanasamuccaya' kI vRtti ke aMta meM darzanasaMgrAhaka ajJAtakRtaka eka kRti kA ullekha hai| isameM bhI jaina, naiyAyika, bauddha, vaizeSika, jaiminIya, sAMkhya aura cArvAka-aise bhAratIya darzana ko jaina dArzanikoM kA avadAna/13

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sAta darzanoM kA saMkSepa meM paricaya diyA gayA hai, kiMtu aMta meM anya darzanoM ko durnaya kI koTi meM rakhakara jaina darzana ko ucca zreNI meM rakhA gayA hai| isa prakAra isakA lekhaka bhI apane ko sAMpradAyika abhiniveza se dUra nahIM rakha skaa| - isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki darzanasaMgrAhaka-graMthoM kI racanA meM bhAratIya itihAsa meM haribhadra hI ekamAtra aise vyakti haiM, jinhoMne niSpakSa bhAva se aura pUrI prAmANikatA ke sAtha apane graMthoM meM anya darzanoM kA vivaraNa diyA hai / isa kSetra meM ve abhI taka advitIya haiN| ataH hameM mAnanA hogA ki jaina dArzanikoM ne bhAratIya darzana ke kSetra meM eka mahatvapUrNa avadAna prastuta kiyA hai| yadi jaina dArzanikoM ke bhAratIya darzana ke kSetra meM diye gaye avadAna ko samyak prakAra se samajhanA hai to hameM use nimna cAra kAlakhaNDoM meM vibhAjita karake dekhanA hogA- 1. Agama yuga 2. darzana yuga 3. navya nyAya yuga aura 4. Adhunika yuga Agama yuga jahA~ taka Agamayuga kA prazna hai, isa kAlakhaNDa meM jaina darzana apanA svarUpa grahaNa kara rahA thaa| ise hama sUtra yuga bhI kaha sakate hai, kyoMki isa kAlakhaNDa meM vibhinna darzanoM ke sUtra granthoM kI racanA huI jaise- sAMkhya sUtra, yoga sUtra, nyAya sUtra, vaizeSika sUtra, mImAMsA sUtra aura brahma suutr| ye sabhI sUtra grantha vaidika dhArA ke vibhinna bhAratIya darzana prasthAnoM se sambandhita the| yadyapi sAMkhya sUtra aura yoga sUtra para zramaNadhArA kA prabhAva spaSTataH dekhA jAtA hai| zramaNadhArA ke tIna darzanoM- jaina, bauddha aura cArvAka- meM se bauddha aura cArvAka darzana ke koI svatantra aura sAmAnya sUtra grantha nahIM milate hai| bauddhoM ke sutta piTaka aura abhidhamma unakI dArzanika avadhAraNAoM ko prastuta karate haiM, phira bhI ve vastutaH koI sUtra grantha nahIM haiN| jahA~ taka jainoM kA prazna hai, umAsvAti ne isa kAlakhaNDa meM tattvArthasUtra kI racanA kI aura samagra jainadarzana ko ati saMkSepa meM prastuta bhI kiyaa| yadyapi isa kAlakhaNDa meM jaina pramANa mImAMsA, syAdvAda-saptabhaMgI, guNasthAna siddhAnta Adi kA 14/bhAratIya darzana ko jaina dArzanikoM kA avadAna *

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samagrarUpeNa vikAsa nahIM ho pAyA thaa| isa kAlakhaNDa meM aura vizeSa rUpa se ardhamAgadhI AgamoM meM pramANa ke kucha nirdeza bhI milate haiM, kintu ve nyAya darzana kI pramANa carcA kA mAtra pUrva rUpa hI kahe jA sakate haiN| usa yuga meM pramANa zabda kA prayoga parimANa yA mAtrA ke artha meM hI dekhA jAtA hai, yadyapi cAra pramANoM kA bhI ullekha hai, kintu ve vahI haiM, jo naiyAyikoM mAnya hai| maiMne apane eka zodha Alekha meM isakI vistRta carcA kI hai| isa kAlakhaNDa meM sAMkhya aura yogadarzana kA bhI prabhAva dekhA jAtA hai| sAMkhya darzana kA prabhAva mukhyataH kundakunda ke samayasAra para aura yogasUtra kA prabhAva tattvArthasUtra kI racanA meM dekhA jAtA hai| yadyapi isa yuga ke jaina cintana ne unheM bhI prabhAvita kiyA thaa| tulanAtmaka dRSTi se yaha adhyayana Aja bhI upekSita hai| jahA~ taka tattva mImAMsA kA prazna hai- jainoM kI kucha maulika avadhAraNAe~ hai jaise- paMcAstikAya, SaTjIvanikAya, navatattva, nayavAda Adi jo isa kAlakhaNDa meM upasthita pAI jAtI hai| phira bhI dArzanika cintana kA pUrNa vikAsa to darzana yuga meM huaa| isa yuga meM jaina tattva mImAMsA meM jo artha vikAsa aura parivartana hue unakI carcA maine " jaina tattva mImAMsA kA aitihAsika vikAsa krama" nAmaka svataMtra Alekha meM kiyA hai| isa kAlakhaNDa kI tIna vizeSatAe~ haiM- 1. paMcAstikAya meM dharmAstikAya aura adharmAstikAya ke artha meM parivartana kiyA gayA, unhe kramazaH gati aura sthiti kA niyAmaka mAnA gyaa| dUsare paMcAstikAyoM meM kAla ko anastikAya ke rUpa meM mAnakara SaT dravyoM kI avadhAraNA kA vikAsa huaa| darzana yuga yadyapi jaina tattvajJAna se saMbadhita viSayoM kA pratipAdana AgamoM meM kIrNa rUpa meM milatA hai, kintu sabhI Agama prAkRta meM hI nibaddha hai| jaina ttvajJAna se saMbadhita prathama sUtra grantha kI racanA umAsvAti ne saMskRta bhASA kI aura yahIM se darzanayuga kA prArambha hotA hai| umAsvAti ke kAla taka vidha bhAratIya dArzanika nikAyoM ke sUtra grantha astitva meM A cuke the, se vaizeSika sUtra, sAMkhyasUtra, yogasUtra, nyAyasUtra, aadi| ataH umAsvAti valie yaha Avazyaka thA ki ve jaina dharma-darzana se saMbadhita viSayoM ko vyasthita rUpa se samAhita karate hue sUtra-zailI meM saMskRta bhASA meM kisI bhAratIya darzana ko jaina dArzanikoM kA avadAna/15

Page #17
grantha kI racanA kre| umAsvAti ke pazcAt siddhasena, samantabhadra Adi ne bhI jaina darzana para grantha likhe / siddhasena divAkara ne bhAratIya dArzanika avadhAraNAoM kI samIkSA ko lekara kucha dvAtriziMkAo kI racanA saMskRta bhASA meM kI thI jinameM nyAmavatAra pramukha hai / yadyapi anekAMtavAda kI sthApanA hetu unhoneM prAkRta meM sanmatitarkaprakaraNa kI racanA kI / siddhasena ne jaina nyAya ko vyavasthita rUpa pradAna kiyA / isI prakAra digambara AcArya samantabhadra ne bhI AptamImAMsA, yuktyAnuzAsana evaM svayambhUstotra nAmaka dArzanika granthoM kI racanA saMskRta bhASA meM kii| AptamImAMsA meM anya bhAratIya darzanoM kI samIkSA bhI kI gii| isI prakAra IsA kI cauthI - paoNcavI zatAbdI meM jaina dArzanika sAhitya likhA jAne lgaa| umAsvAti ne svayaM hI tattvArthasUtra ke sAtha-sAtha usakA svopajJa bhASya bhI likhA thA, kintu unhoneM anya darzanoM kI samIkSA nahIM kI, mAtra jaina darzana kA tarka purassara vidhAna kiyA / lagabhaga 5 vIM zatAbdI ke anta aura 6vIM zatAbdI ke prArambha meM digambarAcArya pUjyapAda devanandi ne tattvArthasUtra para 'sarvArthasiddhi' nAmaka TIkA likhii| isake atirikta unhoMne jaina - sAdhanA ke sandarbha meM 'samAdhi taMtra' aura 'iSTopadeza' nAmaka grantha bhI likhe / isI kAla khaNDa meM zvetAmba paramparA meM mallavAdI ne dvAdazAranayacakra kI racanA kI jisameM pramukha rU se sabhI bhAratIya dArzanika paramparAe~ pUrva pakSa ke rUpa meM prastuta kI gaI au unhIM meM se unakI virodhI dhArA ko uttarapakSa ke rUpa meM prastuta kara unaka samIkSA bhI kI gii| isake pazcAt 6vIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha meM jinabhadra kSamAzramaNa ne vizeSAvazyakabhASya prAkRta meM likhA, kintu usakI svopA TIkA saMskRta meM likhI thii| unhoMne anya darzanoM kI samIkSA ke sthAna e jaina dArzanika mAnyatAoM ke prati sambhAvita zaMkAo ke nirAkaraNa va prayatna kiyaa| unake pazcAta 7vIM zatI ke prArambha meM koTTAcArya ne vizeSAvazayakabhASya para saMskRta bhASA meM TIkA likhI thI jo prAcI bhAratIya dArzanika mAnyatAoM kA gambhIra vivecana prastuta karatI hai, sAthI unakI samIkSA bhI karatI hai| lagabhaga 7vIM zatAbdI meM hI siddhasenagaNine zvetAmbara paramparA meM tattvArthasUtra kI TIkA likhii| isI samaya dvAdazAranayaka kI saMskRta bhASA meM siMhazUragaNi ne TIkA bhI likhI thI / 8vIM zatAbdameM 16 / bhAratIya darzana ko jaina dArzanikoM kA avadAna

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prasiddha jainAcArya haribhadrasUri hue. jinhoMne prAkRta aura saMskRta donoM hI bhASAoM meM apanI kalama claaii| haribhadrasUri ne jahA~ eka ora aneka jainAgamoM para saMskRta meM TIkAe~ likhI, vahIM unhoMne aneka dArzanika granthoM kA bhI praNayana kiyaa| unake dvArA racita nimna dArzanika grantha adhika prasiddha haiM- SaDdarzanasamuccaya, zAstravArtAsamuccaya, anekAntajayapatAkA, anekAntavAdapraveza, anekAntapraghaTTa / sAtha hI unhoMne bauddha dArzanika diD. nAga ke nyAyapraveza kI TIkA bhI likhii| isake atirikta unhone 'yogadRSTisamuccaya', yogazataka, yogaviMzikA Adi grantha bhI likhe| haribhadra pahale vyakti hai, jinhone sarvaprathama SaTdarzanasamuccaya nAmaka grantha pUrNa niSpakSa bhAva se likhaa| jabaki zAstravArtAsamuccaya meM unhoMne samanvayAtmaka evaM AdarapUrNa dRSTi se sabhI bhAratIya darzana ko prastuta kiyaa| haribhadra ke samakAla meM yA unake kucha pazcAt digambara paramparA meM AcArya akalaMka aura vidyAnandasUri hue, jinhoMne aneka dArzanika granthoM kI racanA kI thii| jahA~ akalaMka ne tattvArthasUtra para 'rAjavartika' nAmaka TIkA ke sAtha sAtha nyAya-vinizcaya, siddhi-vinizcaya, pramANa-saMgraha, ladhIyastrI-aSTazatI evaM pramANa saMgraha Adi dArzanika granthoM kI racanA kii| vahI vidyAnanda ne bhI tattvArthasUtra para zlokavArtikaTIkA ke sAtha sAtha Apta-parIkSA, pramANa-parIkSA, satyazAsana-parIkSA, aSTasahastrI Adi gambhIra dArzanika granthoM kI racanA kii| inameM unhoMne anya bhAratIyadarzanoM kI ekAntavAditA kI samIkSA bhI kii| 10vIM zatAbdI ke prArambha meM siddhasena ke nyAyAvatAra para zvetAmbarAcArya siddhaRSi ne vistRta TIkA kI racanA kii| isIkAla meM prabhAcanda, kumudacandra evaM vAdirAjasUri nAmaka digambara AcAryoM ne kramazaH prameyakamalamArtavDa nyAyakumudacandra, nyAya-vinizcaya TIkA Adi mahatvapUrNa dArzanika granthoM kI racanA kii| isake pazcAt 11vIM zatAbdI meM devasena ne laghunayacakra, bRhadanayacakra, AlApapaddhati, mANikyanandI ke parIkSAmukha tathA anantavIrya ne siddhi-vinizcaya TIkA Adi dArzanika kRtiyoM kA sRjana kiyaa| isI kAlakhaNDa maiM zvetAmbara paramparA ke abhayadeva sUri ne siddhasena ke sanmati-tarka para vAdamahArNava nAmaka TIkA grantha kI racanA kii| isI krama meM digambara AcArya anantakIrti ne laghusarvajJasiddhi, bRhadsarvajJasiddhi, __bhAratIya darzana ko jaina dArzanikoM kA avadAna/17

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pramANanirNaya Adi dArzanika granthoM kI racanA kI thii| ina sabhI kRtiyo hame ekAntavAda kI samIkSA ke sAtha anekAMta dRSTi ke prastutIkaraNa kA prayAsa bhI huA hai| isI kAlakhaNDa meM zvetAmbara paramparA meM AcArya vAdidevasUri hue unhone pramANanayatatvAloka tathA usI para svopajJa TIkA ke rUpa meM 'syAdavAdaratnAkara' jaise jaina nyAya ke Akara granthoM kA nirmANa kiyA aura unake hI ziSya ratnaprabhasUri ne ratnAkarAvatArikA kI racanA kI thI, ina sabhI meM anya bhAratIya darzanoM kI aneka dArzanika mAnyatAoM kI samIkSA bhI hai| 12vIM zatAbdI meM hue zvetAmbara AcArya hemacandra ne mukhya rUpa se jainanyAya para pramANamImAMsA (apUrNa) aura dArzanika samIkSA ke rUpa meM anyayogavyavacchedikA-ina do mahatvapUrNa dArzanika granthoM kI racanA kii| yadyapi saMskRta vyAkaraNa evaM sAhitya ke kSetra meM unakA avadAna pracura hai, tathApi hamane yahA~ unake dArzanika granthoM kI hI carcA kI hai| yadyapi 13vI, 14vI, 15vI aura 16vI zatAbdI meM bhI jaina AcAryo ne saMskRta bhASA meM kucha dArzanika granthoM kI racanA kI thI, kintu ve grantha adhika mahatvapUrNa na hone se hama yahA~ unakI carcA nahI kara rahe haiM, yadyapi isa kAla khaNDa meM kucha dArzanika granthoM kI TIkAe~ bhI likhI gaI jaise hemacandra kI anyayogavyavachedikA kI malliSaNa kI 'syAdavAdamanjarI' nAmaka TIkA,tathA haribhadra ke SaDadarzanasamuccaya kI guNaratna TIkA aadi| ye sabhI TIkAe~ samAlocanAtmaka dRSTi se yukta hai| navyanyAya yuga yadyapi navyanyAya kI dArzanika paramparA kA prArambha caudahavI zatI se bhAratIya dArzanika gaMgeza se hotA hai, kintu jaina dArzanikoM ne satrahavIM zatI taka isa zailI ko nahIM apnaayaa| 17vI zatAbdI meM zvetAmbara paramparA meM upAdhyAya yazovijaya nAmaka eka prasiddha jaina dArzanika hue, jinane adhyAtmasAra, jJAnasAra, bhASArahasya Adi darzana ke kSetra meM aneka mahatvapUrNa grantha likhe hai| jaina paramparA meM inhoMne sarvaprathama navyanyAya zailI ko apanAyA, adhyAtma ke kSetra meM adhyAtmamatasamIkSA, adhyAtmasAra, jJAnasAra Adi tathA darzana ke kSetra meM jaina tarkabhASA, nayopadeza, nayasahasya, nyAyAloka, syAdvAdakalpalatA Adi inake darzana ke aneka grantha prasiddha haiN| jaina 18/bhAratIya darzana ko jaina dArzanikoM kA avadAna

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tarkabhASA inhoMne navya nyAya kI zailI meM hI likhI hai| inake pazcAt digambara paramparA meM vimaladAsa ne saptabhaMgItaraMgiNI isa zailI meM likhI hai| ina do granthoM ke atirikta anya koI jaina grantha navya nyAya kI zailI meM likhA gayA ho yaha merI jAnakArI meM nahIM hai / Adhunikayuga Adhunika yuga kA kAla 20 vIM zatI mAnA jAtA hai| isa kAlakhaNDa zvetAmbara digambara donoM paramparAoM meM aneka jaina cintaka hue haiM, jinhoMne udAra vaijJAnikadRSTi se evaM aitihAsika vikAsakrama ko dhyAna meM rakhakara jainadarzana sambandhI lekhana kiyA hai| inameM AdinAtha nemInAtha upAdhye, paM. nAthurAmajI premI, pro. hIrAlAlajI, paM. sukhalAlajI, paM. becaradAsajI doSI, paM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA, pro. nathamala TATiyA, pro. madhusUdana DhAkI Adi pramukha hai / yadyapi isI kAlakhaNDaka meM kucha paramparAgata zailI kA anusaraNa karane vAle vidvAna bhI hue hai, jinhone apane lekhana evaM mUla granthoM ke anuvAda Adi ke mAdhyama se bhAratIya darzana ko samRddha kiyA hai| jaisepaM. mahendrakumArajI nyAyAcArya paM. hIrAlAlajI, paM. kailAzacaMdajI, paM. phUlacaMdajI, paM. darabArIlAlajI koThiyA Adi pramukha hai / jahA~ taka ina vargo kA prazna hai- prathama varga ne tulanAtmaka adhyayana aura niSpakSa samIkSAtmaka dRSTi se jaina evaM jainetara dArzanika cintana ko tulanAtmaka dRSTi se prastuta kara bhAratIya darzana kI sevA kI hai| vahI dUsare varga ne maulika granthoM ke anuvAda se sAtha-sAtha apanI bhUmikAoM evaM AlekhoM dvArA jaina paramparA kA poSaNa karate hue bhAratIya cintana ko samRddha kiyA / bhAratIya darzana ko jaina dArzanikoM kA avadAna / 19

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saMgoSThI ke AlekhoM ke sArAMza siddhasenadivAkara kA bhAratIyadarzana ko avadAna - pro. sAgaramala jaina siddhasena divAkara jaina darzana ke zIrSastha vidvAn rahe haiN| jainadarzana ke kSetra meM anekAntavAda kI tArkika sthApanA karane vAloM ve prathama purUSa haiN| jainadarzana ke Adya tArkika hone ke sAtha-sAtha ve bhAratIya darzanoM ke Adya saMgrAhaka aura samIkSaka bhI haiN| unhoMne apanI kRtiyoM meM vibhinna bhAratIya darzanoM kI tArkika samIkSA bhI prastuta kI hai| aise mahAn dArzanika ke jIvanavRtta aura kRtitva ke sambandha meM terahavIM-caudahavIM zatAbdI meM racita prabandhoM ke atirikta anyatra mAtra sAMketika sUcanAe~ hI milatI haiN| yadyapi unake astitva ke sandarbha meM hameM aneka prAcIna granthoM meM saMketa upalabdha hote haiN| lagabhaga caturtha zatAbdI se hI jaina granthoM meM unake aura unakI kRtiyoM ke sandarbha hameM upalabdha hone lagate haiN| phira bhI unake jIvanavRtta aura kRtitva ke sambandha meM vistRta jAnakArI kA abhAva hI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki unake jIvanavRtta, sattAkAla, paramparA tathA kRtiyoM ko lekara aneka Aja bhI pracalita haiN| yadyapi pUrva meM paM. sukhalAlajI, pro. e.ena. upAdhye, paM.jugalakizora jI mukhtAra Adi vidvAnoM ne unake vyaktitva aura kRtitva ke sandarbha meM prakAza DAlane kA prayatna kiyA hai, kintu ina vidvAnoM kI paraspara virodhI sthApanAoM ke kAraNa vivAda adhika gaharAtA hI gayA / ' jahA~ taka siddhasena ke bhAratIyadarzana ko avadAna kA prazna hai ? unhoMne anya darzanoM ke ekAntavAda kI samIkSA karake anekAntavAda kI sthApanA kI hai| anekAMtavAda ke tArkika prastutIkaraNa ke ve Adya jainAcArya mAne jAte haiN| isa sambandha meM unakI dArzanikakRti sanmatitarkaprakaraNa 20/bhAratIya darzana ko jaina dArzanikoM kA avadAna

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atimahattvaparNa hai| dUsare unhoMne jJAna aura darzana ke upayoga (anubhUti) meM tAdAtmya sthApita karake jainadarzana ke kSetra meM kevalI ke upayoga ke sambandha meM zvetAmbaroM ke kramavAda aura digambaroM ke yugapavAda meM samanvaya kara unake tAdAtmya yA abhinnatA ko batAyA hai| tIsare jainadarzana ke nayavAdako, yaha kahakara ki jitane kathana ke prArUpa ho sakate hai utane naya ho sakate hai, vyApaka AdhAra diyA hai| cauthe unhoMne vibhinna darzanoM ko vibhinnanayoM ke AdhAra para samajhane kI dRSTi dekara vibhinna darzanoM meM rahe hue vivAda kA samAhAra yA samanvaya karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| bhAratIya darzana ko jaina dArzanikoM kA avadAna / 21

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AcArya haribhadra kA bhAratIya darzana ko avadAna -pro. sAgaramala jaina AcArya haribhadra jainadharma ke prakhara pratibhAsampanna evaM bahuzruta AcArya mAne jAte haiN| unhoMne apanI lekhanI ke dvArA vipula evaM bahuAyAmI sAhitya kA sRjana kiyA hai| unhoMne darzana, dharma, yoga, AcAra, upadeza, vyaMgya aura carita-kAvya Adi vividha vidhAoM ke graMthoM kI racanA kI hai| maulika sAhitya ke sAtha-sAtha unakA TIkA sAhitya bhI vipula hai| jaina dharma meM yoga saMbaMdhI sAhitya ke to ve Adi praNetA haiN| isI prakAra Agamika graMthoM kI saMskRta bhASA meM TIkA karane vAle jaina-paraMparA meM ve prathama TIkAkAra bhI haiN| unake pUrva taka AgamoM para jo niyukti, aura bhASya likhe gaye the, ve mUlataH prAkRta likhe gaye cUrNiyA~ bhI saMskRta-prAkRta mizrita bhASA meM likhI gyiiN| vizuddha saMskRta bhASA meM Agamika graMthoM kI TIkA lekhana kA sUtrapAta meM AcArya haribhadra ne hI kiyaa| bhASA kI dRSTi se unake graMtha saMskRta aura prAkRta dAnoM hI bhASAoM meM milate haiN| anuzruti to yaha hai ki unhoMne 1444 graMthoM kI racanA kI thI, kiMtu vartamAna meM hameM unake nAma para car3he hue lagabhaga 75 graMtha hI upalabdha hote haiN| yadyapi vidvAnoM kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki inameM se kucha graMtha vastutaH yAkinIsUnu haribhadra kI kRti na hokara kinhIM dUsare haribhadra nAmaka AcAryoM kI kRtiyA~ haiN| paMDita sukhalAlajI ne inameM se lagabhaga 45 gaMthoM ko to nirvivAda rUpa se unakI kRti svIkAra kiyA hai| jahA~ taka haribhadra kI dArzanika kRtiyoM kA prazna hai- unameM SaTdarzana samuccaya (darzana saMgrAhaka graMtha) zAstravArtAsamuccaya, anekAMtajaya patAkA, anekAMtapraveza, anekAMtapraghaTTa, lokatattva nirNaya Adi pramukha haiM, vahIM unhoMne yoga sAdhanA ko lekara bhI cAra graMthoM kI racanA kI hai- 1. yogaviMzikA, 2. yogazataka 3. yogabiMdu aura, 4. yogdRssttismuccy| isa prakAra darzana aura yogasadhanA donoM hI kSetroM meM unakA avadAna rahA huA hai, 22/bhAratIya darzana ko jaina dArzanikoM kA avadAna

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jise nimna biMduo ke AdhAra para samyak rUpa se samajhA jA sakatA haidharma aura darzana kSetra meM haribhadra kA avadAna kyA hai ? yaha samajhane ke liye isa carcA ko hama nimna biMduoM meM vibhAjita kara rahe haiMdArzanika evaM dhArmika paramparAoM kA niSpakSa prastutIkaraNa / 1. 2. anya darzanoM kI samIkSA meM ziSTa bhASA kA prayoga tathA anya dharmo evaM darzanoM ke pravartakoM ke prati bahumAnavRtti / zuSka dArzanika samAlocanAoM ke sthAna para unna avadhAraNAoM ke sAra-tatva aura mUla uddezyoM ko samajhane kA prayatna / anya dArzanika mAnyatAoM meM nihita satyoM ko evaM inakI mUlyavattA ko svIkAra karate hue jaina dRSTi ke sAtha unake samanvaya kA 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. prayatna / anya dArzanika paramparAoM ke graMthoM kA niSpakSa adhyayana karake una para vyAkhyA aura TIkA kA praNayana karanA / udAra aura samanvayavAdI dRSTi rakhate hue paurANika andha-vizvAsoM kA nirbhIka rUpa se khaNDana karanA / darzana aura dharma ke kSetra meM AsthA yA zraddhA kI apekSA tarka evaM yukti para adhika bala, kintu zarta yaha ki tarka aura yukti kA prayoga apane mata kI puSTi ke lie nahIM, apitu satya kI khoja ke lie ho / dharma sAdhanA ko karmakANDa ke sthAna para caritra kI nirmalatA ke sAtha jor3ane kA prayatna / mukti ke sambaMdha meM eka udAra aura vyApaka dRSTikoNa | upAsya ke nAma-bheda ko gauNa mAnakara usake guNoM para bala / bhAratIya darzana ko jaina dArzanikoM kA avadAna / 23

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AcArya vAdIdevasUri aura unake ziSya ratnaprabhasUri kA bhAratIya dArzanika ko avadAna pro. dharmacandra jaina AcArya evaM adhyakSa, saMskRta - vibhAga, jayanArAyaNa vyAsa vizvavidyAlaya, jodhapura vAdavidyA meM nipuNa devasUri (1086 - 1169 I.) zvetAmbara jaina paramparA ke mahAna dArzanika AcArya the| ye gujarAta meM rAjA siddharAja jayasiMha ke kAla meM hue tathA AcArya hemacandrasUri se janma meM 2 varSa bar3e the| inakA bacapana kA nAma pUrNacandra thA tathA municandrasUri kA ziSyatva aMgIkAra karane para inakA nAma rAmacandra rakhA gayA aura 31 varSa kI vaya meM AcArya banane para ye devasUri kahalAe / vAdavidyA meM pAraMgata evaM vijayI hone se inake nAma ke pUrva vAdI vizeSaNa jor3A gayA / prabhAvakacarita ke anusAra vAdI devasUri kI do hI dArzanika racanAe~ prasiddha haiM- pramANanayatattvAloka evaM usa para syAdvAdaratnAkara nAmaka vizAlakAyaTIkA / pramANanayatattvAloka jainanyAya kI saMskRta sUtra zailI meM nibaddha aisI viziSTa kRti hai, jisameM pramANa, naya evaM vAda kA vyavasthita nirUpaNa huA hai / isameM ATha pariccheda haiM, jinake prathama chaha paricchedoM meM pramANa sambandhI nirUpaNa hai tathA saptama evaM aSTama pariccheda meM kramazaH naya evaM vAda kA vivecana huA hai / devasUri ke pUrva saMskRta sUtra zailI meM digambara dArzanika mANikyanandiviracita 'parIkSAmukha' grantha prApta hotA hai, jisameM naya evaM vAdavidyA kA vivecana nahIM hai tathA pramANanirUpaNa meM bhI usakI apekSA pramANanayatattvAloka adhika pariSkRta racanA pratIta hotI hai| strImukti evaM kevalibhukti ke niSedhaviSayaka digambara mantavya kA bhI isameM khaNDana kiyA gayA hai| isa para aneka TIkAoM kA nirmANa huA, jinameM svayaMvAdI devasUri kA syAdvAdatnAkara prasiddha hai / syAdvAdaratnAkara ko bhAratIya darzana kA praur3ha grantha kahA jA sakatA 24 / bhAratIya darzana ko jaina dArzanikoM kA avadAna

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hai, kyoMki isameM jainanyAya ke nirUpaNa ke sAtha bhAratIya darzana kI vibhinna dArzanika mAnyatAoM kA pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM upasthApana kara unakA parIkSaNa kiyA gayA hai| devasUri ke isa grantha para siddhasena, akalaMka, vidyAnanda, prabhAcandra Adi AcAryoM ke granthoM kA prabhAva hai| prabhAcandra ke prameyakamalamArtaNDa evaM nyAyakumudacandra se isakI tulanA kI jA sakatI hai| syAdvAdatnAkara praur3ha lalita saMskRta meM nibaddha vizruta grantharAja hai, kintu abhI taka isakA hindI, aMgrejI Adi kisI bhASA meM anuvAda nahIM huA hai, ataH bhAratIya darzana paramparA se jur3e Adhunika vidvAna bhI isa vizAla grantha kA nahIMvat upayoga kara rahe haiN| syAdvAdaratnAkara meM vibhinna darzanoM kI pramANa sambandhI mAnyatAoM kA parIkSaNa to huA hI hai, tattvamImAMsIya mAnyatAoM para bhI vicAra huA hai| jainanyAya ke viziSTa adhyetAoM ke lie yaha grantha atyanta upAdeya hai| isameM bhAratIya darzana ke jo siddhAnta parIkSita hue haiM, unameM pramukha haiM- (1) pramANalakSaNaviSayaka bauddha nyAya evaM bhATTa mImAMsakoM ke mata (2) nyAya vaizeSikoM dvArA pratipAdita SaDvidha sannikarSa (3) zabda brahmavAda (4) bauddhasammata nirvikalpakapratyakSa (5) vivekAkhyAti, asatkhyAti, prasiddhArthakhyAti, AtmakhyAti, anirvacanIyakhyAti Adi (6) vijJAnavAda (7) zUnyavAda (8) paramabrahmavAdI vedAntamata (9) mImAMsakasammata jJAna kI mAtra paraprakAzakatA (10) cArvAkAdi darzanoM dvArA mAnya pramANoM kI saMkhyA (11) arthApatipramANa tathA abhAvapramANa kI pRthaktA (12) zrotra kI aprApyakAritA (13) mImAMsakakRta sarvajJatvaniSedha (14) vibhinna darzanoM meM mAnya mokSasvarUpa Adi (15) smaraNa evaM pratyabhijJAna kI apramANatA viSayaka bauddhamata (16) bauddhasammata hetu trirUpatA evaM nyAyasammata hetu paMcarUpatA (17) bauddhasammata tAdAtkya evaM tadutpatti se avinAbhAva (18) bauddhoM dvArA bhAbda pramANa kA anumAna meM antarbhAva (19) veda kI apaurUzeyatA (20) sphoTavAda (21) anvitAbhidhAnavAda (22) abhihitAnyavAda (23) zabdanityatvavAda (24) kSaNikavAda (25) vaizekSika sammata SaT padArtha (26) Atmavizayaka vibhinna mata aadi| vAdI devasUri ke ziSya ratnaprabhasUri aise AcArya hue jinhoMne bhAratIya darzana ko jaina dArzanikoM kA avadAna/25

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bRhatkAya TIkA syAdvAdaratnAkara ke nirmANa meM apane gurU kA bhI sahayoga kiyA tathA svatantra rUpa se 'ratnAkarAvatArikA nAma laghuTIkA kI bhI racanA kI / ratnaprabha ne yadyapi isakA lekhana syAdvAdaratnAkara meM praveza karane hetu avatArikA (ghATa) ke rUpa meM kiyA hai, tathApi yaha svayaM pariniSThita saMskRta evaM sAmAsika zailI ke kAraNa durUha racanA bana gaI hai / isako hRdayaMgama karane ke lie rAjazekhasUri ne paMjikA tathA muni jJAnacandra ne TippaNa kA lekhana kiyA / ratnAkarAvatArikA kI viSayavastu evaM syAdvAdaratnAkara kI viSayavastu meM adhika bheda nahIM hai, ratnaprabha ne vibhinna darzanoM kA pratipAdana evaM unakA nirasana, saMkSepa meM sabala tarkoM se kiyA hai| ratnAkarAvatArikA meM cakSu evaM mana kI aprApyakArikatA tathA zrotra kI prApyakAritA para aneka zloka race gae haiN| vAdI devasUri evaM ratnaprabhasari ke syAdvAdaratnAkara evaM ratnAkarAvatArikA grantha jaina nyAya kA to vyavasthita pratipAdana karate hI haiN| bhAratIya darzana ke pramANamImAMsIya evaM tattvamImAMsIya siddhAntoM ko pUrvapakSa meM vizadatApUrvaka prastuta karate hue unakI samAlocanA bhI karate hai| isase ye donoM grantha bhAratIya darzana ke pratinidhi granthoM kI zreNI meM rakhe jAne yogya haiN| - 3 - ke - 24 / 25, kuDI bhagatAsanI hA borDa, jodhapura 26/ bhAratIya darzana ko jaina dArzanikoM kA avadAna

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AcArya vidyAnandi kA bhAratIya darzana ko avadAna __DaoN. azokakumAra jaina vibhAgAdhyakSa, jaina-bauddha darzana kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya, vAraNasI jaina nyAya jagata meM AcArya vidyAnandi kA nAma vizruta hai| inhoMne pramANa aura darzana sambandhI granthoM kI racanA kara zruta paramparA ko gatizIla banAyA hai| ve mahAn tArkika AcArya haiN| pratyeka darzana ke mUla granthoM kA antaHpraviSTa adhyayana kara unameM varNita siddhAntoM kI unhoMne samIkSA kii| vibhinna manISiyoM ne UhApoha kara unakA samaya 775-840 IsavI pramANita kiyA hai| unake pUrvAcAryoM dvArA praNIta granthoM para tattvArthazlokavArtika, aSTasahastrI, yuktyanuzAsanAlaMkAra TIkA grantha haiM tathA vidyA dvArA praNIta, AptaparIkSA, pramANaparIkSA, patraparIkSA, satyazAsanaparIkSA, zrIpurapArzvanAthastotra Adi pramukha grantha haiN| unakA darzanAntarIya abhyAsa gahana thaa| nyAya, vaizeSika, mImAMsA, cArvAka, sAMkhya aura bauddhadarzanoM ke siddhAntoM ko jaba ve apane granthoM meM pUrva pakSa ke rUpa meM jisa vidvattA evaM prAmANikatA se rakhate haiM taba usase lagane lagatA hai ki amuka darzanakAra hI apanA pakSa upasthita kara rahA hai| mImAMsA darzana kA jaisA aura jitanA sabala khaNDana tattvArthazlokavArtika meM pAyA jAtA hai vaisA aura utanA jaina vAGmaya kI kisI bhI upalabdha kRti meM nahIM hai| jainadarzana ke siddhAntoM ko unhoMne tArkita zailI meM pratipAdana kiyaa| nizcaya-vyavahAra, nimitta-upAdAna, anekAnta, syAdvAda, saptabhaGgI, nayavAda evaM pramANa kA samyak pratipAdana kara unakI abAdhyatA ko nirUpita kiyaa| bhAratIya dArzanika cintana paramparA meM unakI pratibhA evaM vidvattA anupama hai| unake avadAna ke vibhinna pakSoM ko vistRta lekha meM vivecana kiyA jaayegaa| bhAratIya darzana ko jaina dArzanikoM kA avadAna/27

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upAdhyAya vinayavijaya kA bhAratIya darzana meM avadAna DaoN. zvetA jaina atithi adhyApaka-saMskRta vibhAga, jayanArAyaNa vyAsa vizvavidyAlaya, jodhapura (rAja.) phona: 0291-2541052, 94137-82968 upAdhyAya vinayavijaya tapAgaccha ke AgamavettA evaM dArzanika santa the| unakA janma vikrama saMvat 1661 meM gujarAta meM huaa| unhoMne apane jIvanakAla meM saMskRta, prAkRta aura gujarAtI meM 40 kRtiyoM kI racanA kI / jinheM nau bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai - 1. Agama vyAkhyA evaM sajjhAya, 2. itihAsa viSayaka, 3. AdhyAtmika racanAe~, 4. stotra evaM stavana, 5. vyAkaraNa viSayaka, 6. rAsa evaM phAgu kAvya, 7. pUjA paddhati viSayaka, 8. dUta kAvya, gIti kAvya evaM vijJapti lekha, 9. dArzanika sAhitya | dArzanika sAhitya ke antargata cAra racanAe~ prApta hotI haiM- 1. lokaprakAza, 2. nayakarNikA, 3. paMcasamavAya stavana evaM 4. SaTtriMzajjalpasaMgraha saMkSepa | lokaprakAza 37 sargoM meM vibhakta aura lagabhaga 18000 zlokoM meM nibaddha eka adbhuta grantha hai| isameM dravya, kSetra aura bhAva loka kA varNana kara samagra dRSTi se tattvabodha kI navIna dRSTi ko prastuta kiyA hai| pudgala kA grahaNa lakSaNa dekara unhoMne usake vAstavika svarUpa ko udghATita kiyA hai / kAla sambandhI donoM mAnyatAoM kI Agamika yuktiyoM ko batAte hu vinayavijaya jI ne apanI yuktiyA~ bhI yojita kI haiN| kAla ke pRthak dravyatva kI siddhi meM ve tarka dete haiM- sUrya Adi kI gati kA AdhAra, samaya - avalikA Adi zabdoM ke prayoga, bIja se patra, puSpa evaM phala kI samAna kAla meM utpatti kA na honA, vartamAna, bhUta, bhaviSya kI pRthak anubhUti kA honA Adi / kAla ke svatantra dravya kI asvIkRti meM anavasthA doSa evaM kAla ke anastikAyatva ko hetu batAyA hai / bhAvaloka meM jIva ke Antarika evaM caitasika pariNAmoM kA sUkSmatA se vivecana kiyA 28/ bhAratIya darzana ko jaina dArzanikoM kA avadAna

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gayA hai jo bauddha darzana ke citta - caitayika ke pratipAdana se bhI viziSTa pratIta hotA hai / granthakAra ne ATha karmoM se sambaddha darzana ke citta - caitasikoM ke pratipAdana se bhI viziSTa pratIta hotA hai / granthakAra ne ATha karmoM se sambaddha kara audayika Adi bhAvoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| upAdhyAyajI ne 'nayakarNikA' grantha meM sAta nayoM ke 100-100 bheda mAnakara 700 bheda batalAe haiN| vastu ke sAmAnya evaM vizeSa dharmo ke svarUpa tathA naigamAdi nayoM kI uttarottara vizuddhatA kA bhI pratipAdana kiyA hai| 'paMcasamavAya stavana' meM lekhaka dvArA kAla, svabhAva, niyati, karma aura puruSArtha rUpa kAraNapaMcaka jaise tAttvika viSaya ko geya aura sarvagrAhya banA diyA gayA hai| 'SaTtriMzajjalpasaMgraha saMkSepa meM 36 jalpa kA saMkSipta vivecana hai| isa prakAra upAdhyAya vinayavijaya ne apane tAttvika cintana ko lokaprakAza jaise bRhatkAya grantha meM naye AyAma meM prastuta kiyA hai, jo sampUrNa jainadarzana ko samajhane ke lie eka AdhAra grantha ke rUpa meM praveza mArga hai| bhAratIya darzana meM isa navIna vidhA ke rUpa meM upAdhyAya vinayavijaya kA mahanIya avadAna hai| bhAratIya darzana ko jaina dArzanikoM kA avadAna / 29

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Contribution of Acarya Amritchandrasuri to Jain Philosophy - Dr. Kokila H.Shah Hon. Prof. K.J. Somaiya Centre for Studies in Jainism Acharya Amritchandra probably belongs to the 10th century A.D. He was a great scholar of Digambar Sect, who lived on the highest spiritual level of Niscayanaya. He has written commentaries on the works of Acarya Kundakunda of which Samaysar, Tika-known as atmakhyati is remarkable. Besides there commentaries, his two independent works are: I. Purusharthasiddhyiupaya-a work on the life of householder. II. Laghutattvasphota-It embodies the exposition of Jain Doctrines. All his works are in Sanskrit and are full of spiritualism of high order. Amritchandra has contributed to the spiritual tradition of Kundakunda by writing commnetries on Samaysara, Pravachansara and Panchastikaya; the theoretical tradition of Umaswami by writing Tattvarthsara and Samanatabhadras tradition of writing on Sravakacara by writing Purusharthasiddhyupaya. His uniqueness consists in treating Samaysar as a drama. The present paper attempts to highlight the mystical elements depicted in his works. The focus is on the nature of non-violence which has been very realistically depicted in his original work. I have tried to bring about its spiritual implication for self-realization. The importance of the concept of Jina needs to be understood. The uniqueness of Amritchandra is in emphasizing Suddha Upyqga, which is reflected in all his works and his fascination of Omniscient Being-Jina who expounds the true doctrine. His concepts of Supremacy of Darshana according to the pure standpoint, integration of knowledge and action etc are also remarkable. It can pave the way for further research on the philosophy of consciousness. Undoubtedly his contribution to Indian Philosophy in general and Jain Philosophy in particular is invaluable. 30/bhAratIya darzana ko jaina dArzanikoM kA avadAna

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Contribution of Prabhachandra to Indian Logic - Ms. Varsha Shah (Research Assistant, K.J. Somaiya Centre for Studies in Jainism) The real object of the Logic (Nyaya) Philosophy is attainment of moksa. Pramana is the main theme of all Nyaya Philosophies. Different systems admit different number of Pramanas. The name Nyaya come to be applied later to a system of Philosophy which dealt with logic. The original name was 'anviksiki' from Anviksa (discussion). Fruitless Tarka was discouraged but that Anviksiki' which lead to attainment of knowledge of self was always regarded as the subject to be learnt. Manikyanandi wrote the Pariksamukham culling the subject matter from the ocean of the sastras written by Akalanka. Pariksa or Tarka is the discussion used in finding out the strength or weakness of various arguments which are opposed to one another; 'Pari' means 'full' and Iksanam means 'discussion' of (subject), 'amukha' means the 'entrance to those who want to understand this subject. This work (Pariksamukham) is like a door." Prabhachandra was the most celebrated commentator of Pariksamukham. He work is entitled Prameyakamalamartanda. This Prabhachandra has been mentioned by Jinasena in Adipurana (838 A.D) in the following verse: I praise Prabhachandra, the poet whose fame is white as the rays of the moon and who has encompassed the whole world by making 'Chandrodaya' 'Kumudchandrodaya' (rising of the moon). Though Prameyakamalamartanda is in modified form, it does not delineat from the older works. Prameyakamalamartanda is voluminous work and full of discussions regarding views of logicians other than Jain logicians. Com arter aftantia affat 3TAGA/31

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mentary is in the form of arguments and counter arguments which are as follows: 1. Sankhya Yoga: Indriya Vitti Vada, Acetanajnanvada, Prakrti kartutvavada 2. Nyaya-Vasesika: Karakasakalyavada, Sanikarsavada, Jnanavada, gshvaravada, Pancarupyahetuvada, Satpadartha vada. 3. Vaiyakaran: Sabda dvaita vada, Sphotavada 4. Buddhist: NirvikalpaPratyaksavada, ehitradvaitvada, Sunyavada, sakar a jnanvada, trirupyahetuvada, Apohavada, Ksanabhangavada. 5. Mimamsaka : Abhavapramanavada, Paroksajnanavada, Vedaapouresyavada, Sabda nityavada. 6. Svetambar: Kevalikavalahara, Strimuktivada 7. Vedante : Brahmavada. 32/bhAratIya darzana ko jaina dArzanikoM kA avadAna

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